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Ela in Conservation ISSN 2319-4361 Vol. 1 Issue No. 4 October – December 2012 The Quarterly Newsletter of Ela Foundation for Nature Conservation through Education and Research Editorial The festival of lights enlightens our minds nature conservation as well as researchers and ushers knowledge. Ela Foundation has and student of bio-sciences, conservation taken a small step in this direction and has biologists and senior scientists. We shall published 'The Secret School of Owls', the peer review the contributions prior to first ever Indian comic book on owls, our publication to maintain the highest most misunderstood birds, on the occasion standards of academic excellence. The of Diwali. The 26 owl characters, each Ela Journal shall broadly conform to the belonging to different species, are specially mandate of Ela Foundation, particularly created as cartoons in resemblance to promoting research in ornithology, ethno- actual species, and have Indian Sanskrit- ornithology, natural sounds as well as other based names to bring them closer to our aspects of biology and conservation. I hearts. The stories focus on physiological, invite you to contribute in Ela Journal to anatomical and behavioral characters ensure nature conservation through behind the various superstitious beliefs in education and research. which the owls are sadly shrouded. I am sure that a detour of the 'Secret School' Ela Foundation is preparing for the 8th shall enlighten the minds of readers and ARRCN Symposium, India, to be held in they shall befriend the owls, the friends of February 2014. In preparation for this event farmers. I wish you a happy reading and a the Ela Journal is publishing a series of 'Happy New Year' full of light, inspirations articles in the 'Asia Speaks' section. This and aspirations. time we have a communication from a us a completely different insight into dedicated field biologist and ornithologist astronomy and life. In this issue we have The Ela Journal now has an ISSN from Vietnam in line with the previous papers on crab and butterfly diversity, registration. I hope this shall attract more articles from Singapore, Malaysia and Indian ethno-ornithology; success stories articles from scholars. We have kept the Japan. of rescue and release of Crested Serpent journal in the free access format which can Eagle and Cinereus Vulture; forest fires; be downloaded from our website. The I feel particularly happy to convey to our aquatic micro-life as well as popular credit for publication goes to all our Ela readers that Prof. Dhrub Jyoti Saikia, who articles from students and researchers. I Foundation members, because they have attended our 8th 'Certificate Course in hope that the embers in the Ela Journal made the Ela Journal possible. The Basic Ornithology' and who has previously shall light the fire of conservation editorial committee has decided to design contributed in the Ela Journal on the novel consciousness in your sensitive minds. the forthcoming issues of the journal by interdisciplinary subject of 'Cosmic-Ethno- balancing conservation science Ornithology', is now the Vice Chancellor of popularizing articles and original bio- the Cotton College State University, science papers. We shall have Guwahati, Assam. His new article on the Happy Reading. contributions from people interested in inter-galactic collision and bird forms gives Happy New Year. ) 6 1 e g a p n o s l i a t e d ( r a k e b m a l o K h s i h s A y b h p a r g o t o h P n o c l a F r u m Ela Journal / www.elafoundation.org / Vol.1 Issue 4 / October - December 2012 1 A Freshwater Crabs Science Freshwater Crabs of India: Diversity, Conservation Needs and Future Potential S.K. Pati1 & R.M. Sharma Freshwater crabs belong to the infraorder Majority of freshwater crabs show high Brachyura of the order Decapoda in the endemism due to their limited dispersal class Malacostraca of phylum Arthropoda. ability, low fecundity and selected habitat They are adopted to freshwater, semi- preference. Few species are struggling for terrestrial or terrestrial mode of life and their survival in nature due to various known by their ability to complete life cycle anthropogenic activities e.g. habitat independently of marine environment. conversion, pollution, forest loss, They are found in almost all freshwater unsuitable agricultural practices, etc. So, habitats such as, streams (Fig.–1), pools, with proper planning, execution and 1Corresponding author ponds, rivers, swamps, rice fields (Fig.–2), management like declaration of few more E-mail: [email protected] rock holes/pits, tree trunk holes, leaf axils, protected areas, preserving enough natural etc. These animals are primarily forest, maintenance of good quality of Citation: Pati, S. K. & Sharma, R. M. (2012). nocturnal and prefer hidden places for natural water bodies, avoid/minimization Freshwater Crabs of India: Diversity, shelter during the day time. Freshwater of pesticide application in rice fields, Conservation Needs and Future Potential. crabs are generally omnivorous, feeding on preventing conversion of water bodies, we Ela Journal. 1(4): 2. plant material and live or dead animals can save these animals from becoming such as, fish, prawns, molluscs, etc. and endangered. Author Contributions: SKP did field sometimes cannibalism is also seen. research. RMS conceived the paper. Both Crabs are the chief food source for many Freshwater crabs are an important and SKP and RMS prepared the manuscript. animals including fishes, turtles, birds and cheap source of protein particularly for mammals. tribal communities and lower income ISSN 2319-4361 Over 1300 species are known from the people. Freshwater crabs are believed to Received: November 2012 world, of which only 96 species are be consumed due to some medicinal Date of publication: 25 December 2012 recognized in India (Pati et al., 2012). properties. An infected crab, carrying Estimates of freshwater crab diversity parasitic worms or contaminated with EDITOR: ANIL MAHABAL suggest that a number of crab species are heavy metals if eaten by human being, can yet to be discovered in World at large (Yeo et cause health hazard. Some Indian species Copyright: © PATI, S. K. & SHARMA, R. M. al., 2008) and India in particular. of crabs are valuable for aquarium trade. 2012. Author Information: SKP is a scientist at Focused research is needed to carry out Zoological Survey of India, W.R.C. Akurdi, extensive or semi-intensive aquaculture Pune. RMS is the O/C Zoological Survey of practices to improve the stock of freshwater India, W.R.C. Akurdi, Pune. crabs in order to meet market demand and maintain the depleting wild population. Oziotelphusa ganjamensis Pati & Sharma, 2012, recently described species from rice fields of References Ganjam district, Odisha * Pati, S.K., Dev Roy, M.K. and Sharma, R.M. 2012. Freshwater Crabs. Checklist of Indian Fauna, Zoological Survey of India. Accessed through: http://zsi.gov.in/checklist/freshwater_cr abs.pdf (12.01.2012) Yeo, Darren C.J., Ng. Peter K.L., Cumberlidge, N., Megalhães, C., Daniels, Savel R. and Campos, Martha R. 2008. Global diversity of crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) in freshwater. Barytelphusa guerini (H. Milne Edwards, 1853), a common species of crab in the streams of Hydrobiologia, 595: 275–286. Western Ghats Ela Journal / www.elafoundation.org / Vol.1 Issue 4 / October - December 2012 2 Crustaceans Science The tiny Dinosuars of our age are at our mercy!! Sameer Padhye1 Citation: Padhye, S. (2012). The tiny dinosaurs of our age are at our mercy!! Ela Journal. 1(4): 3. Author Contributions: SP did field research and prepared the manuscript. ISSN 2319-4361 Received: October 2012 Temporary pools or ephemeral water abdominal segments appear like rings and Date of publication: 25 December 2012 bodies that form on plateaus at various are often covered with long or short spines. places in Western Ghats are full of The number of these segments is variable. Editor: Hemant Ghate interesting animals. These pools are Legs (often called as 'phyllopods' meaning special ecosystems in themselves. leaf like appendages) are present on Copyright: © Padhye, Sameer. 2012. Unicellular algae and other microscopic thoracic as well as some abdominal producers generate food on which a variety segments. Last few segments of abdomen Author Information: Sameer Padhye is a of animal forms survive and reproduce of are without legs. The abdomen ends in a doctoral researcher in Zoology and studies which insects and crustaceans are the most telson that bears a pair of long, thin, caudal under the guidance of Dr. Kalpana Pai and common animals. Among crustaceans rami or appendages. Dr. Hemant Ghate, Department of Zoology, (animals with hard shells) smaller forms like U n i v e r s i t y o f P u n e . E m a i l : cladocerans (water fleas), clam shrimps, Tadpole shrimps are omnivorous animals [email protected] anostracans (fairy shrimps) and feeding on other small animals and to some notostracans (tadpole shrimps) are always extent on the detritus. Triops prefer present in such pools, often in great temporary rainwater pools as such pools numbers. are often devoid of predatory fishes. Triops cancriformis, the only other tadpole shrimp Triops and Lepidurus (A temperate region in India (as per the prevailing taxonomic group) or tadpole shrimps are an excellent concepts), is found mainly in Jammu and example of living fossils. The reason why Kashmir area and often inhabits flooded these are called as 'Living Fossils' is that rice fields. This species is sometimes they have evolved little from the time of their considered as a minor pest in rice fields first occurrence more than 200 million while the Western Ghat species are useful in years ago, and show hardly any controlling populations of small insects morphological variation from their (such as mosquito larvae).
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