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Thespesia Con' Pino. Indian Acad. Sal. (Plant Sal.), Vol. 91, Number 6, Decvmbet 1982, pp. 509-~17. ~~) Printcd in India. Taxonomic importante of epidermai characters in the Indian Thespesia Con'. 0VIalvar S RAJA SHANMUKHA RAO and N RAMAYYA* Dopartmont of Botany, Saldar Patel Collego, Secunderabad 500025, India * Dcpartment of Botany, Osmania University, Hyder91 500 007, India MS received 4 Det;ember 1981 ; revised 21 October 1982 Abstract. In Thespesia lampas and. T. populnea, the foliar stomata aro aniso91 anomocytic anct tetracytic, the first type being dominant. Further in Thaspesia lampas and. T. populnea altogether eight triehome types are reeognisable mostly on the basis of structure. The two speoies can be d.istinguished from each other by the presence of multiseriate aseptato stellate hair in the former and that of multiseriato aseptate peltate haL in the latter. T. populnea is also distinet from that of T. /ampas due to curved, to wavy epir waUs, striated, surface, absence of mueilaginous cells on the leaf abaxial. The present evid.ence also supports treat mcnt of I". lampas un(ter Thespesia rather than in Hibiscus. Keywords. Epidermal characters ; taxonomy ; Thespesia ; Malvaeeae. 1. Introduction Taxonomic importanee of epidermal oharaotors in general and those of trichomes in particular in angiospermous plants is now widely reoognisod (Pmt 1932; Tomlinson 1961 ; Stace 1965 ; Ghose and Davis 1973 ; Verhoevon and Schijff 1973). Howev~, previous studi~s on the epid~mis ate limited to few taxa and only to certain aspeets in tha Malvaceae (Soleroder 1908; Metcalfe and Chalk 1950 ; Iaaamdar and Ckohan 1969; Ramayya and Shanmukha Rao 1976; Shan- muktm Rao and Ramayya 1977a, b). Henee, the present investigation w'91under- tak•n whioh de,als with foliar opidermal charaoters along with struoturo and organographio distribution of t¡ in whole plant and their taxonomic importaneo in the two Indian Thespesia. 2. Material and methods The material of Thespesia lampas Dalz. & Gibs. was eolleeted from Car.amjol, Goa, wheteas T. populnea (L.) Sol. ex Corr. from plants growing at Sardar Patel 509 510 S Raja Shanmukha Rao and N Ramayya Colicge campus, Socunderabad. Maturo triohomos worc studied eithcr from epidormal pedings of those isolated by s~aping the plant parte. Thcse micro- prepamtions wcre stained cither with anilin bluo in laotophcnol oF safranin, hematoxylin and then mountod in 7070 glyoe¡ Boiling the material with 5-1070 glacial aoetio acid was useful in obtainiug the pecls. Miorotome scctions of shoot apiccs were cut at 10-14t~m thiokncss and stainod with hematoxylin and basio fuchsin. The foot of the different ~iohomcs was det~minod in free- hand and rniorotome seotions of various parts of the species investigat•d. The walls of the digerent t¡ wcrc tested with phloroglucin and 270 HCI for li~in (Johansen 1940). The torras desofibing stomatal types ate aftor Metoalfe and Chalk (1950) and as rodo¡ by Shanmukha Rs and Ramayya (1977a) and for trichome types, aftor Ramayya (1972) and Shanmukha Rao and Ramayya (1977b). 3. Olmervations 3.1. Structure and distribution of epidermal and stomatal complexes on the leaf 3. la. Epidermal cell complex : Epidormal coUs : 4-6-si• anisodiamet¡ ; eontents dense, brownish in T. populnea; sides thin, s~aight (leaf abaxial and adaxial of T. lampas and leal adaxial of T. populnea) of curved to wavy (leafabaxial of T. populnea) ; surfaoe smooth (T. lampas) of striatod (T. populnea), st¡ wavy, prominent and continuous. Distribut[on: Confined to the interstices, vafiously oriented (figures 1-4). Costal cells : 4-sided, linear; contents soanty of mostly brownish (T. populnea); sides modemtely thiek, straight of eurved (leaŸ abaxial of T. populnea) ; surfaoe smooth (T. lampas) oF st¡ (T. populnea). Disttibution : O¡ par.alld to the veins, diffuse. Mueilaginous c~lls : Similar to the epid~mal colls but enlarged below with opaque contente ; sides thin, stmight of eurved ; suffaeo smooth. Distr/bution: Oeeas,.'onal eith6w in lr abaxial (7'. lampas) of adaxial (T. lampas and T. populnea) (figures 4 and 10), 3.1b. Stomatal complex: Stomata mostly anisoeytie, oooasionally anomocytie of tetmcytie. Suhsidiaries 3 oF 4, monocyelic unequal, similar to the epidermal oolls oxeept that euticular stfiations are absent over stomata. Distribution: Amphistomatie but adaxially stomata confined to margins of the midrib (figures 1-6). Data on the epidermal and stomataI complexes are given in table 1. In both the species, single guard c~lls as stomatal abnormality ate ocoasionalIy observ6xl in the leal abaxial wherea~ they aro totalIy absent in the adaxial (figure 7). 3.2. Structure and distribution of trichome complex on vegetative and floral parte Eight triehome types could be re~ognis~xt in the two speoies, viz., O) unicellular conical hiax, (ii) uniseriato filiform clavate hair, (iii) uniseriate ¡ pyriform hair, (ir) multise~iate aseptate peltate hair, (v) multiseriatr ascptate stollate hair, (vi) multiseriate aseptato 4-arm~ stellate hair, (vii) multiseriate aseptate 3-armed ste,llatr hair and (viii) bisr asoptato V-shaped hair. The details of the struc- tufo of the triohomo types aro as follows : Taxonomic importance of epidermal characters in Thespesia 511 -( ! f/ I ! i 9 i/~l ........ F ~~~ .............. : T ~ oz' taza :0 0 ~ Gi :: ~c ~_ ~ o ! ~ ~ 0 0 io E) L.s....~ ........................ ~ .................. Figures 1-U. Epidermis of Thespesia. T. populnea : 1 and 2. SurIh.eo views of lr abaxial and. adaxial respectively (r stiiations not drawn). 7. Surface view of stomatal abnormality wittt single guard. ,cll from leafabaxial. 10. Mucflaginous coll from leal abaxial epidermis in "r.s. 11. Oblipu• seotion showing sunken uniseriatc filiform elavate hair from T.S. leaf (foot ccll not visible). 7". lampas : 3 anct 4. Surfaee views of leaf abaxiial and adaxial respeetively. 5. Semi- d.iagrammaticrepresentation ofstomatal distribution eonfined to margins of midxib from leal adaxial. 6. Suffaee view of anomoeytie stoma from leal adaxial. 8. Unisr filifoirm clavate hair ti-oro T.s. l~dicel. 9. Sido view of emergenr from pedicel. (me = maeilaginOuS cr P. (B)--£ 512 S Raja Shanmukha Rao and N Ramayya 6, -t- + ~ r". 0"1 .6 "0 2 .o r .< r ...., .+ ~ + 0 8 r., .6 Ÿ r~ rl~ CO r.ca .=. O t~ ,,.., 0 r-, "d "d ~ "& t~ '.a ~o t~ r.~ "6 t IT r~ .+ Taxonomic importance of epidermal characters in Thespesia 513 " /'I~"291 "' I00/~m " 7 Figures 12-28. Epidermis of Thespesia. 7". populnea: 12. Multiseriate aseptate pr hair from leaf abaxial. 13-15. Intcrmediates between multiseriate aseptatc p9 hair and. mtdtiseriate aseptate stellate hair frcm petal abaxial. 16. Multi- s9 ascptato stellate hair from peral abaxial. 17. Isolated. unicellular conical hair from sepal ad.axial. 27. Uniseriate filiform pyriform hair of nor from sr adaxial. T. lampas: 18. Unicellular conical hair from scpal adaxial. 19, 2Q. Biseriato V-shaped. aseptato hair from sepal adaxial and petal abaxial rr 21, 22. Multiseriate asoptato 3-armed stellato hair from petal abaxial. 23. Surface view of uniscriate ¡ clavate hair from pedJcel. 24, 25. h,[ultiscriate aseptato stellato hair from leaf abaxial and pedicel respeetively. 291Mulª aseptato 4-armed stellate hair from ovary. 28. Uniseriato filiform pyriform hair of nectary from sr adaxial. 514 S Raja Shanmukha Rao and N Ramayya 3.2a. Unicellular conical hair: Foot consisting of the basa! end of the body cell, indistinct from the body, embedded in the epidermis ; neighbouring eeUs of foot annular and striated; contents abscnt; waU thick. Body representing extension of the foot, conical, apically pointed ; contents absent ; waU thiek and nonligni¡ ; surfaee smooth (figures 17 and 18). 3.2b. Uniseriate filiform clavate hair: Foot 1-celled, square to linear of trape- zoidal, embedded of p~ojected above the epidermis; contents absent, waU thin. Stalk 1-celled, rectangular to linear ; contents seanty ; waU thin ; surface smooth. Head clarete, 2-6-tiered, eaek tier 2-6-oelled ; eeUs square to linear; contents dense; waUs tlª surface smooth (figures 8, 11 and 23). 3.2c. Uniseriate filiform pyriform hair: Foot 1-celled, linear, embedded or projected above the epidermis; contents absent; waU thin. Stalk 1-celled, rectangular to linea~ ; contents scanty ; waU thin ; surface smooth. Head pyri- form, multiseriate, 4-10-tiered, each tier 2-6-ceUed, generally terminated by a pair of rounded eeUs ; ceUs rectangular to linear ; contents dense ; walls thin ; surfac~ smooth (figures 27, 28). 3.2d. Multiseriate aseptate peltate hair : Foot narrow, consisting of the juxta- posed basal ends of the 20-35-body ceUs, embedded in the epidermis, polygonal in outline in peels mounted upside down, occasionaUy subtended by ah emergente ; contents absent ; walls thin, nonl2gnified. Body peltate, nearly circular of uneven, serrate of erenulate at margin, 20-35-armed, representing continuation of tho foot ; arms broadened near the centre of the body but tape¡ towards distal end, paraUel to the epidermis ; eontents brown ; walls thin, nonlig-nified ; surface smooth (figure 12). 3.2e. Multiseriate aseptate stellate hair: Foot es in the above. Body stellate, 5--40-armed, representing confinuation of the foot; amas tapering towards the distal end, unequal in length, generalIy paraUel to the epidermis, some obliquely raised above ; contents absent ; waUs thin to mod~atety thick, nonª ; surfaco smooth (figures 9, 16, 24 and 25). Multiseriate aseptate 4-armed stellate hair, muItiseriate aseptate 3-armed steUate hair and biseriate aseptate V-shaped hair types ate similar to the multi- seriate aseptate stet[ate hair described above except for the difference in number of arms of the body as indicated by the names of triettome types (figures 19-22 and 26). The details of distribution of the various triehome types ate given in table 2. 4. Discussion Inamdar and Chohan (1969) record~ anisocytic and anomocytic stomata in Thespesia populnea, which is presenfly confirmed. Further, tetracytic stomata (es defined by Shanmukha Rao and Ramayya 1977a) have also been presently not in the leaves of the two species of Thespesia studied.
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