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Early to Middle Holocene Earth-Working Implements and Neolithic Land-Use Strategies on the Ningshao Plain, China

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Early to Middle Holocene Earth-Working Implements and Neolithic Land-Use Strategies on the Ningshao Plain, China Early to Middle Holocene Earth-Working Implements and Neolithic Land-Use Strategies on the Ningshao Plain, China Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors Xie, Liye Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 09/10/2021 21:04:05 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/325217 EARLY TO MIDDLE HOLOCENE EARTH-WORKING IMPLEMENTS AND NEOLITHIC LAND-USE STRATEGIES ON THE NINGSHAO PLAIN, CHINA by Liye Xie __________________________ Copyright © Liye Xie 2014 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the SCHOOL OF ANTHROPOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2014 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Dissertation Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Liye Xie, titled Early to Middle Holocene Earth-working Implements and Neolithic Land-use Strategies on the Ningshao Plain, China and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. _______________________________________________________________________Date: May 30, 2014 Vance T. Holliday _______________________________________________________________________Date: May 30, 2014 Steven L. Kuhn _______________________________________________________________________Date: May 30, 2014 John W. Olsen _______________________________________________________________________Date: May 30, 2014 Michael B. Schiffer _______________________________________________________________________Date: May 30, 2014 Mary C. Stiner Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate’s submission of the final copies of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. ________________________________________________Date: July 18, 2014 Dissertation Director: John W. Olsen ________________________________________________ Date: July 18, 2014 Dissertation Director: Steven L. Kuhn 2 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the copyright holder. SIGNED: Liye Xie 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Of the whole dissertation writing process, writing the Acknowledgments section is the most pleasant part, reflecting a great deal of gratitude breezing through a “narrow window.” I have been incredibly fortunate over the course of my doctoral studies, and I would love to thank the many individuals and institutions that have made this journey possible and enjoyable. I could not possibly have gone this far without the guidance and support of the members of my dissertation committee: John Olsen, Steven Kuhn, Mary Stiner, Michael Schiffer, and Vance Holliday. I thank them for helping with my intellectual and professional development in anthropological archaeology, for providing invaluable guidance during all phases of my doctoral studies, for being genuinely interested and stimulating in my research, and for being willing to read and comment on multiple drafts of this dissertation. I also thank Xingcan Chen from the Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (IACASS) for his never-ending support, advice, and encouragement since 2002 when I became a Masters student at IACASS. Other scholars who have also nurtured my growth into a multidisciplinary researcher include Jenny Adams from Desert Archaeology Inc.; Janet Griffitts and Jeffrey Homburg from Statistical Research Inc.; David Raichlen, Dean Billheimer, Jill Onken, Amy Schott, and Randy Haas from the University of Arizona; Dante Bonica from the University of Auckland in New Zealand; Yaozhong Wang (王耀忠) from the Zhejiang Provincial Team of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology; Yunfei Zheng (郑云飞) from the Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Cultural Heritage and Archaeology (ZPICHA); Guoliang Lei (雷国良) from the Fujian Normal University; Robert Kelly, Nicole Waguespack, Danny Walker, and Rick Weathermon from the University of Wyoming; Richard Meadow and Ajita Patel from Harvard University; Shin’ichi Nakamura (中村慎 一) from Kanazawa University in Japan; Chen Shen (沈辰) from Royal Ontario Museum in Canada; George Odell from the University of Tulsa; Xiaoqing Wang (王小庆) from IACASS; Xing Gao (高星) from the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IVPP); Li Liu (刘莉) from Stanford University; and Tracey L.-D. Lu (吕烈丹) from the Chinese University of Hong Kong. I cannot thank them enough for their generous training, advice, and assistance. This project could not have gone forward without permissions, substantial aid, comfort, and intellectual stimulation over the years from the archaeologists who directed the original fieldwork at the sites where my investigations and digging experiments were conducted. I express my heartfelt gratitude to Guoping Sun (孙国平), Leping Jiang (蒋乐 平), Pin Ding (丁品), and Ye Zhao (赵晔) from ZPICHA for graciously sharing their data and insights, accommodating my experimental plans in their excavation schedules and plans, and allowing and assisting me to scrutinize their archaeological collections. I owe a large debt to many other individuals and institutions who have provided hospitable accommodations and/or assistance with my data collection. Thanks to Xiaoqiang Yao (姚小强), Weijin Huang (黄渭金), Xuejiao Lu (陆雪姣), Zhipeng Sun ( 孙志鹏), and Jun Shu (舒俊) from the Hemudu Museum; Wei Lou (楼卫), Weijun Zheng (郑伟军) from the Kuahuqiao Museum; Xiao Wang from the Xiaoshan Museum; Quan Min (闵泉) from the Huzhou Museum; the Jiangnan Shuixiang Museum; Tian’en Zhang 4 (张天恩) from the Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology and Cultural Relics; Liang Chen (陈亮) from the Baoji Museum; Guoping Li (李国平) and Tie Feng (冯铁) from the Jintan Museum in Jiangsu province; Hui Wang (王辉), Yuling Pan (潘玉灵) and Hua Han (韩华) from the Gansu Provincial Institute of Gansu Provincial Institute of Cultural Heritage and Archaeology; Yongxu Fu (付永旭) from IACASS; Yalin Zhang ( 张亚林) and Huan Wang (王欢) from Jilin University; Qian Zhao (赵倩) from Fujian Normal University; Guoxiang Qian (钱国祥) and Zishe Shi (石自社)from the Luoyang Archaeological Station of IACASS; Rui Liu (刘瑞) and Yongmao Liu (刘永茂) from the Xi’an Archaeological Station of IACASS; and Stacy Sewell from the University of Wyoming. Many colleagues, friends, and volunteers have steadfastly supported my research program. Fuyou Chen (陈福有) and Xingwu Feng (冯兴无)from IVPP; Yongqiang Li ( 李永强), Junfeng Yang (杨军锋), Peng Zhang (张鹏), and Facheng Wang (王法成) from the Luoyang Archaeological Station of IACASS; Zhiqing Luo (罗志清) and Kaiying Qu (渠开营) from ZPIACR; and 33 local farmers who worked at the archaeological sites of Maoshan and Tianluoshan and provided invaluable technical and labor supports to my archaeological experiments. Many colleagues and friends also generously offered their time, help, and inspiring discussions, including Jinsong Shi (施劲松), Xinwei Li (李新伟), Yanping Zhu (朱延 平), and Peng Lü (吕鹏) from IACASS; Xiaoguang Ma (马晓光) and Yan Pan (潘艳 )from Fudan University; Zhaobing Zhong (仲召兵)from ZPICRA; Chuen Yan Ng (吴传 仁) from the University of Pittsburgh; Ying Zhang (张颖)from University College London; Haowei Wo (沃浩伟)from Zhejiang University; Xiaolin Ma (马萧林), Yanming Fang (方燕明), Yanfeng Hou (侯彦峰), Zhijiang Wu (武志江), and Yongqing Hu (胡永庆) from the Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology; Chunxue Wang (王春雪) from Jilin University; Di Zhang (张迪) from the Banpo Museum; Amy Margaris from Oberlin College; and Vicki Stefani, Joe Stefani, and Leslie Dupont from the Writing Skills Improvement Program at the University of Arizona. My appreciation also goes out to the Archaeometric Lab at ZPICHA in Hangzhou; the Soil Particle Size Laboratory of the College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University in Fuzhou; and the soil lab at the University of Arizona in Tucson for allowing me to use their laboratory equipment and providing consultants whenever needed. I would like to thank the School of Anthropology and the University of Arizona. Being accepted into the Ph.D. program where I have been surrounded by excellent scholars, mentors, and peers has helped me grow as a scholar and delevop a broader view. Friendships with Randy, Katie, Meg, Lauren, Amy C., Esther, Shane, Adam, Mere, Fumie, Angela, Ninja Turtle, Eric, and Kacy made my life easier and much more colorful than it otherwise would have been. This research was supported by the Dissertation Fellowship in East and Southeast Asian Archaeology and Early History from the American Council of Learned Societies; the University of Arizona Je Tsongkhapa Endowment for Central and Inner Asian Archaeology; the Haury Dissertation Fellowship; Riecker Grants; Traditions, Transitions,
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