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Resources on Hearing Voices

Revised in 2017 by Gail A. Hornstein; please send additions or corrections to [email protected]

Books and Articles

Aleman, A. & Larøi, F. (2008). Hallucinations: The science of idiosyncratic perception. Washington DC: American Psychological Association.

Al-Issa, I. (1978). Social and cultural aspects of hallucinations. Psychological Bulletin, 84, 570-87.

Al-Issa, I. (1995). The illusion of reality or the reality of illusion: Hallucinations and culture. British Journal of Psychiatry, 166, 368-73.

Andrew, E.M., Gray, N.S. & Snowden, R.J. (2008). The relationship between trauma and beliefs about hearing voices: A study of psychiatric and non-psychiatric voice hearers. Psychological Medicine, 38, 1409-1417.

Anketell, C., Dorahy, M.J., Shannon, M., Elder, R., Hamilton, G., Corry, M. et al. (2010). An exploratory analysis of voice hearing in chronic PTSD: Potential associated mechanisms. Journal of Trauma and Dissociation, 11, 93-107.

Arenella, J. (2012). Just accept it, the voices are real: Accepting the reality of voice hearers can open the door to change and recovery, says psychologist. Behavioral Healthcare (6), 20-23.

Aschebrock, Y., Gavey, N., McCreanor, T. & Tippet, L. (2003). Is the content of delusions and hallucinations important? Australasian Psychiatry, 11, 306-11.

Atkinson, J.R. (2006). The perceptual characteristics of voice-hallucinations in deaf people: A review. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 32, 701-8.

Atkinson, J.R., Gleeson, K., Cromwell, J. & O’Rourke, S. (2007). Exploring the perceptual characteristics of voice-hallucinations in deaf people. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 12, 339-61.

Baker, P. (1995). Accepting the inner voices. Nursing Times (31), 59-61.

Barrett, T.R. & Etheridge, J.B. (1992). Verbal hallucinations in normals: People who hear “voices.” Applied Cognitive Psychology, 6, 379-87.

Bartels-Velthuis, A.A., Jenner, J.A. & van de Willige, G. (2010). Prevalence and correlates of auditory vocal hallucinations in middle childhood. British Journal of Psychiatry, 196, 41-6.

2 Beavan, V. (2011). Towards a definition of “hearing voices”: A phenomenological approach. Psychosis: Psychological, Social and Integrative Approaches, 3, 63-73.

Beavan V, Read J, Cartwright C. (2011). The prevalence of voice-hearers in the general population: A literature review. Journal of Mental Health, 20, 281-292.

Beavan, V. & Read, J. (2010). Hearing voices and listening to what they say: The importance of voice content in understanding and working with distressing voices. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 198, 201-205.

Birchwood, M., Meaden, A., Trower, P., Gilbert, P. & Plaistow, J. (2000). The power and omnipotence of voices: Subordination and entrapment by voices and significant others. Psychological Medicine, 30, 337-44.

Blackman, L. (2001). Hearing voices: Embodiment and experience. London: Free Association Books.

Braham, L.G., Trower, P. & Birchwood, M. (2004). Acting on command hallucinations and dangerous behavior: A critique of the major findings in the last decade. Clinical Psychology Review, 24, 513-28.

Cangas, A.J., Sass, L.A. & Pérez-Alvarez, M. (2008). From the visions of St Teresa of Jesus to the voices of schizophrenia. Philosophy, Psychiatry and Psychology, 15, 239-50.

Chin, J.T., Hayward, M. & Drinnan, A. (2009). “Relating” to voices: Exploring the relevance of this concept to people who hear voices. Psychology & Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice, 82(1), 1-17.

Close, H. & Garety, P. (1998). Cognitive assessment of voices: Further developments in understanding the emotional impact of voices. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 37, 173-88.

Cockshutt, G. (2004). Choices for voices: A voice hearer's perspective on hearing voices. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 9(1), 9-11.

Coffey, M. & Hewitt, J. (2008). “You don’t talk about the voices”: Voice hearers and community mental health nurses talk about responding to voice hearing experiences. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 17, 1591-1600.

Coleman, R. (1999). Hearing voices and the politics of oppression. In C. Newnes, G. Holmes & C. Dunn (eds.), This is Madness (pp.149-163). Ross-on-Wye, UK: PCCS Books.

Coleman, R. & Smith, M. (2006). Working with voices: From victim to victor (2nd ed). Lewis, Scotland: P&P Press (available from www.workingtorecovery.co.uk).

Connor, C. & Birchwood, M. (2013). Power and perceived expressed emotion of voices: Their impact on depression and suicidal thinking in those who hear voices. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy 20(3) 100-205.

3 Corstens, D., Escher, S. & Romme, M. (2008). Accepting and working with voices: The Maastricht Approach. In A. Moskowitz, I. Schafer & M.J. Dorahy (eds.), Psychosis, trauma and dissociation: Emerging perspectives on severe psychopathology (pp. 319-331). Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.

Corstens, D. & Longden, E. (2013). The origins of voices: Links between life history and voice hearing in a survey of 100 cases. Psychosis, 5(3), 270-285.

Corstens D, Longden, E. & May, R. (2012). Talking with voices: Exploring what is expressed by the voices people hear. Psychosis, 4:95-104.

Corstens, D., Longden, E., McCarthy-Jones, S., Waddingham. R. & Thomas, N. (2014). Emerging perspectives from the hearing voices movement: Implications for research and practice. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 40 Supplement 4, S285-S294.

Corstens, D., May, R. & Longden, E. (2007). Talking with voices: The voice dialoguing manual (available from www.intervoiceonline.org).

Cottam, S., Paul, S.N., Doughty, O.J., Carpenter, L., Al-Mousawi, A., Karvounis, S. & Done, D.J. (2011). Does religious belief enable positive interpretation of auditory hallucinations? A comparison of religious voice hearers with and without psychosis. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 16(5), 403-421.

Daalman, K., Boks, M.P.M., Diederen, K.M., de Weijer, A.D., Blom, J.D., Kahn, R.S. & Sommer, I.E.C. (2011). The same or different? A phenomenological comparison of auditory verbal hallucinations in healthy and psychotic individuals. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 72 (3), 320-325.

Daalman, K. & Diederen, K.M. (2013). A final common pathway to hearing voices: Examining differences and similarities in clinical and non-clinical individuals. Psychosis, 5(3), 236-246.

David, T. & Leudar, I. (2001). Head to head: Is hearing voices a sign of mental illness? The Psychologist, 14, 5, 256-9.

Deegan, P. Coping with voices: Self-help strategies for people who hear voices that are distressing (available from National Empowerment Center, www.power2u.org).

Diederen K.M., Daalman K., de Weijer A.D., et al. (2012). Auditory hallucinations elicit similar brain activation in psychotic and nonpsychotic individuals. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 38, 1074-1082.

Dillon, J. (2010). The tale of an ordinary little girl. Psychosis, 2(1), 79-83.

Dillon, J. & Hornstein, G.A. (2013). Hearing voices peer support groups: A powerful alternative for people in distress. Psychosis, 5(3), 286-295.

Dillon, J. & Longden, E. (2012). Hearing voices groups: Creating safe spaces to share taboo experiences. In M. Romme & S. Escher (eds.), Psychosis as a personal crisis: An experience-based approach (pp. 129-139). NY: Routledge.

4 Dorahy, M. J., Shannon, C., Seagar, L., Corr, M., Stewart, K., Hanna, D. et al. (2009). Auditory hallucinations in dissociative identity disorder and schizophrenia with and without a childhood trauma history: Similarities and differences. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 197, 892-8.

Escher, S. & Romme, M. (2010). Children hearing voices: What you need to know and what you can do. Ross-on-Wye, UK: PCCS Books.

Escher, S. & Romme, M. (2012). The hearing voices movement. In Blom, J.D. & Sommer, I.E.C. (eds.), Hallucinations: Research and practice (pp. 385-393). NY: Springer.

Escher, S.A., Romme, M., Buiks, A., Delespaul, P. & Van Os, J. (2002). Independent course of childhood auditory hallucinations: A sequential 3-year follow-up study. British Journal of Psychiatry, 181 (suppl. 43), s10-s18.

Escher, S., Morris, M., Buiks, A., Delespaul, P., Van Os, J. & Romme, M. (2004). Determinants of outcome in the pathways through care for children hearing voices. International Journal of Social Welfare, 13, 208-22.

Faccio, E., Romaioli, D., Dagani, J. & Cipolletta, S. (2013). Auditory hallucinations as a personal experience: Analysis of non-psychiatric voice hearers' narrations. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 20(9), 761-767.

Farhall, J., Greenwood, K.M. & Jackson, H.J. (2007). Coping with hallucinated voices in schizophrenia: A review of self-initiated strategies and therapeutic interventions. Clinical Psychology Review, 27, 476-93.

Fernyhough, C. (2004). Alien voices and inner dialogue: Towards a developmental account of auditory verbal hallucinations. New Ideas in Psychology, 22, 49-68.

Ford, J.M., Roach, B.J., Jorgensen, K.W., Turner, J.A., Brown, G.G., Notestine, R. et al. (2009). Tuning in to the voices: A multisite fMRI Study of auditory hallucinations. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 35, 58-66.

Garrett, M. (2010). “Normalizing” the voice hearing experience: The continuum between auditory hallucinations and ordinary mental life. In: Larøi F. & Aleman A (eds.), Hallucinations: A Guide to Treatment and Management. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 183-204.

Geekie, J. (2004). Listening to the voices we hear: Clients’ understandings of psychotic experiences. In Read, J., Mosher, L. & Bentall, R. (eds.), Models of madness: Psychological, social and biological approaches to schizophrenia. London, UK: Routledge.

Goldsmith, L.P. (2012). A discursive approach to narrative accounts of hearing voices and recovery. Psychosis, 4(3), 235-245.

Grantham, D. (2012). So, what's wrong with hearing voices? Proponents of European inspired Hearing Voices Network plan peer-run groups across the U.S. Behavioral Healthcare, (2), 32-33.

5 Gray, B. (2008). Hidden demons: A personal account of hearing voices and the alternative of the Hearing Voices Movement. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 34(6), 1006-1007.

Hardy, A., Fowler, D., Freeman, D., Smith, B., Steel, C., Evans, J. et al. (2005). Trauma and hallucinatory experiences in psychosis. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 193, 501-7.

Hayward, M. (2003). Interpersonal relating and voice hearing: To what extent does relating to the voice reflect social relating? Psychology and Psychotherapy, 76, 369-383.

Hayward, M., Berry, K. & Ashton, A. (2011). Applying interpersonal theories to the understanding of and therapy for auditory hallucinations: A review of the literature and directions for further research. Clinical Psychology Review, 31, 1313-1323.

Hoffman, R. E., Varanko, M., Gilmore, J. & Mishara, A.L. (2008). Experiential features used by patients with schizophrenia to differentiate “voices” from ordinary verbal thought. Psychological Medicine, 38, 1167-76.

Honig, A., Romme, M.A., Ensink, B.J., Escher, S.D., Pennings, M.H.A, & deVries, M.W. (1998). Auditory hallucinations: A comparison between patients and non- patients. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 186 (10), 646-651.

Hornstein, G. (2009). Agnes’s jacket: A psychologist’s search for the meanings of madness. NY: Rodale Books; UK edition, PCCS Books, 2012; revised and updated US edition, Routledge, 2017.

The hearing voices movement (HVN). (2013). The Psychologist, 26(8), 571.

Jackson, L.J., Hayward, M. & Cooke, A. (2010). Developing positive relationships with voices: A preliminary grounded theory. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 57(5), 487-495.

Jarosinski, J.M. (2008). Exploring the experience of hallucinations from a perspective of self: Surviving and persevering. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 14, 353-62.

Jenner, J.A., Rutten, S., Beuckens, J., Boonstra, N. & Sytema, S. (2008). Positive and useful auditory vocal hallucinations: Prevalence, characteristics, attributions, and implications for treatment. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 118, 238-45.

Johns, L.C., Nazroo, J.Y., Bebbington, P. & Kuipers, E. (2002). Occurrence of hallucinatory experiences in a community sample and ethnic variations. British Journal of Psychiatry, 180, 174-78.

Johnstone L. (2011). Voice hearers are people with problems, not patients with illnesses. In Romme M & Escher, S. (eds.), Psychosis as a personal crisis: An experience-based approach. London: Routledge, pp. 27-36.

Jones, M., & Coffey, M. (2012). Voice hearing: A secondary analysis of talk by people who hear voices. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 21(1), 50-59.

6 Jones, N. & Shattell, M. (2013). Engaging with voices: Rethinking the clinical treatment of psychosis. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 34(7), 562-563.

Jones, S., Guy, A. & Ormrod, J.A. (2003). A Q-methodological study of hearing voices: A preliminary exploration of voice hearers' understanding of their experiences. Psychology & Psychotherapy, 76(2), 189-209.

Jones, S.R. (2010). Do we need multiple models of auditory verbal hallucinations? Examining the phenomenological fit of cognitive and neurological models. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 36, 566-75.

Jones, S.R., Fernyhough, C. & Larøi, F. (2010). A phenomenological survey of auditory verbal hallucinations in the hypnagogic and hypnopompic states. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences, 9, 213-24.

Kalhovde, A., Elstad, I., & Talseth, A.G. (2013). Understanding the experience of hearing voices and sounds others do not hear. Qualitative Health Research, 23, 470-480.

Karlsson, L. (2008). “More real than reality”: A study of voice hearing. International Journal of Social Welfare, 17(4), 365-373.

Knols M & Corstens, D. (2011). Tuning in: A story by a patient and a therapist about making sense of voices. Mental Health Today, Nov-Dec, 28-32.

Lakeman, R. (2002). Making sense of the voices. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 38, 523-531.

Langdon, R., Jones, S.R., Connaughton, E. & Fernyhough, C. (2009). The phenomenology of inner speech: Comparison of schizophrenia patients with auditory verbal hallucinations and healthy controls. Psychological Medicine, 39, 655-63.

Lawrence, C., Jones, J. & Cooper, M. (2010). Hearing voices in a non-psychiatric population. Behavioral and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 38, 363-373.

Longden, E. (2010). Making sense of voices: A personal story of recovery. Psychosis: 2(3), 255-259.

Longden, E. (2013). Learning from the voices in my head. NY: TED Books.

Longden, E., Corstens, D. & Dillon, J. (2013). Recovery, discovery and revolution: The work of Intervoice and the Hearing Voices Movement. In Coles, S., Keenan, S. & Diamond, B. (eds.), Madness Contested: Power and Practice (pp. 161-180). Ross- on-Wye, UK: PCCS Books.

Longden, E., Corstens, D., Escher, S. & Romme, M. (2012). Voice hearing in a biographical context: A model for formulating the relationship between voices and life history. Psychosis, 4(3), 224-234.

Longden E. & Dillon, J. (2014). The hearing voices movement. In Cromby, J., Harper, D. & Reavey, P. (eds.), Psychology, mental health and distress (pp. 151-156). Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave-Macmillan.

7 Longden, E., Madill, A. & Waterman, M.G. (2012). Dissociation, trauma, and the role of lived experience: Toward a new conceptualization of voice hearing. Psychological Bulletin (1), 28-76.

Longden, E., Read, J. & Dillon, J. (2017). Assessing the impact and effectiveness of Hearing Voices Network self-help groups. Community Mental Health Journal, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-017-0148-1.

Luhrmann, T.M. (2012). Living with voices. American Scholar, 81(3), 48-60.

Mawson, A., Berry, K., Murray, C. & Hayward, M. (2011). Voice hearing within the context of hearers' social worlds: An interpretative phenomenological analysis. Psychology & Psychotherapy, 84(3), 256-272.

Mawson, A., Cohen, K., & Berry, K. (2010). Reviewing evidence for the cognitive model of auditory hallucinations: The relationship between cognitive voice appraisals and distress during psychosis. Clinical Psychology Review, 30, 248-258.

Martin, P.J. (2000). Hearing voices and listening to those that hear them. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 7, 135-141.

Mayhew, S. & Gilbert, P. (2008). Compassionate mind training with people who hear malevolent voices: A case series report. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 15, 113-38.

May, R. & Longden, E. (2010). Self-help approaches to hearing voices. In Larøi, F. & Aleman, A. (eds.), Hallucinations: A practical guide to treatment and management (pp. 257-278). NY: Oxford University Press.

McCarthy-Jones, S. (2011). Voices from the storm: A critical review of quantitative studies of auditory verbal hallucinations and childhood sexual abuse. Clinical Psychology Review, 31, 983-992.

McCarthy-Jones, S. (2012). Hearing voices: The histories, causes and meanings of auditory verbal hallucinations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

McCarthy-Jones, S. & Longden, E. (2013). The voices others cannot hear. The Psychologist, 26(8), 570-574.

McCarthy-Jones, S., Waegell, A. & Watkins, J. (2013). Spirituality and hearing voices: Considering the relation. Psychosis, 5(3), 247-258.

Miller, L.J., O’Connor, E. & DiPasquale, T. (1993). Patients’ attitudes toward hallucinations. American Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 584-8.

Milligan D, McCarthy-Jones S, Winthrope A & Dudley, R. (2013). Time changes everything? A qualitative investigation of the experience of auditory verbal hallucinations over time. Psychosis, 5, 107-118.

8 Moritz, S. & Larøi, F. (2008). Differences and similarities in the sensory and cognitive signatures of voice-hearing, intrusions and thoughts. Schizophrenia Research, 102, 96-107.

Morrison, A. P. & Peterson, T. (2003). Trauma, metacognition and predisposition to hallucinations in non-patients. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 31, 235- 46.

Moskowitz, A. & Corstens, D. (2007). Auditory hallucinations: Psychotic symptom or dissociative experience? The Journal of Psychological Trauma, 6, 35-63.

Newton, E., Larkin, M., Melhuish, R. & Wykes, T. (2007). More than just a place to talk: Young people's experiences of group psychological therapy as an early intervention for auditory hallucinations. Psychology & Psychotherapy, 80(1), 127-149.

Offen, L., Waller, G. & Thomas, G. (2003). Is reported childhood sexual abuse associated with the psychopathological characteristics of patients who experience auditory hallucinations? Child Abuse & Neglect, 27, 919-27.

Ohayon, M.M. (2000). Prevalence of hallucinations and their pathological associations in the general population. Psychiatry Research, 27, 153-64.

Pearson, D., Burrow, A., FitzGerald, C., Green, K., Lee, G & Wise, N. (2001). Auditory hallucinations in normal child populations. Personality and Individual Differences, 31, 401-7.

Percy, M.L., Bullimore, P. & Baker, J.A. (2013). Voice hearers’ perceptions of recovery: Findings from a focus group at the Second World Hearing Voices festival and congress. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, (6), 564-568.

Pérez-Álvarez, M., García-Montes, J.M., Perona-Garcelán, S. & Vallina-Fernández, O. (2008). Changing relationship with voices: New therapeutic perspectives for treating hallucinations. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 15, 75-85.

Posey, T.B. & Losch, M.E. (1983). Auditory hallucinations of hearing voices in 375 normal subjects. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 2, 99-113.

Read, J., Agar, K., Argyle, N. & Aderhold, V. (2003). Sexual and physical abuse during childhood and adulthood as predictors of hallucinations, delusions and thought disorder. Psychology and Psychotherapy, 76, 1-22.

Romme, M. (2012). Accepting and making sense of voices: A recovery-focused therapy plan. In Romme, M. & Escher, S. (eds.), Psychosis as a personal crisis: An experience-based approach (pp. 153-165). NY: Routledge.

Romme, M. (2012). Personal links between traumatic experiences and distorted emotions in those who hear voices. In Romme, M. & Escher, S. (eds.), Psychosis as a personal crisis: An experience-based approach (pp. 86-100). NY: Routledge.

Romme M & Escher, S. (1989). Hearing voices. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 15, 209-216.

9 Romme, M. & Escher, S. (eds.). (1993, 2nd ed. 1998). Accepting voices. London: MIND Publications.

Romme, M. & Escher, S. (1996). Empowering people who hear voices. In Haddock, G. & Slade, P. (eds.), Cognitive behavioural interventions with psychotic disorders (pp.137-150). London: Routledge.

Romme, M. & Escher, S. (2000). Making sense of voices: A guide for mental health professionals working with voice-hearers (includes the Maastricht Interview). London: MIND Publications.

Romme, M. & Escher, S. (2005). Trauma and hearing voices. In Larkin, W. & Morrison, A. (eds.) Trauma and psychosis: New directions for theory and therapy. London: Routledge.

Romme, M. & Escher, S. (2010). Personal history and hearing voices. In Larøi, F. & Aleman, A. (eds.), Hallucinations: A practical guide to treatment and management (pp. 233-256). NY: Oxford University Press.

Romme, M., Escher, S., Dillon, J., Corstens, D. & Morris, M. (2009). Living with voices: 50 stories of recovery. Ross-on-Wye, UK: PCCS Books.

Romme, M., Honig, A., Noorthoorn E.O. & Escher, S. (1992). Coping with voices: An emancipatory approach. British Journal of Psychiatry, 161, 99-103.

Romme, M. & Morris, M. (2013). The recovery process with hearing voices: Accepting as well as exploring their emotional background through a supported process. Psychosis, 5(3), 259-269.

Roxburgh, E.C. & Roe, C.A. (2014). Reframing voices and visions using a spiritual model: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of anomalous experiences in mediumship. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 17(6), 641-653.

Sanjuan, J., Gonzalez, J.C., Aguilar, E.J., Leal, C. & van Os, J. (2004). Pleasurable auditory hallucinations. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 110, 273-278.

Sapey, B. & Bullimore, P. (2013). Listening to voice hearers. Journal of Social Work, 13(6), 616-632.

Sayer, J., Ritter, S. & Gournay, K. (2000). Beliefs about voices and their effects on coping strategies. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 31, 1199-1205.

Schnackenberg, J.K. & Martin, C.R. (2013). The need for experience focused counselling (EFC) with voice hearers in training and practice: A review of the literature. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 5, 391-402.

Schrader S. (2013). Illuminating the heterogeneity of voices in a multiple perspectives research paradigm. Psychosis, 5, 216-225.

Sidgwick, H.A. et.al. (1894). Report of the census of hallucinations. Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research, 10, 25-422.

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Smith, D. (2007). Muses, madmen, and prophets: Rethinking the history, science, and meaning of auditory hallucination. NY: Penguin Press.

Sommer, I.E., Daalman, K., Rietkerk, T., Diederen, K.M., Bakker, S. & Wijkstra, J. (2010). Healthy individuals with auditory verbal hallucinations: Who are they? Psychiatric assessments of a selected sample of 103 subjects. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 36, 633- 41.

Suhail, K. & Cochrane, R. (2002). Effect of culture and environment on the phenomenology of delusions and hallucinations. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 48, 126-38.

Suri, R. (2011). Making sense of voices: An exploration of meaningfulness of auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia. Journal of Humanistic Psychology 51(2), 152-71.

Taylor, G. & Murray, C. (2012). A qualitative investigation into non-clinical voice hearing: What factors may protect against distress? Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 15(4), 373-388.

Thomas, P., Mathur, P., Gottesman, I.I., Nagpal, R., Nimgaonkar, V.L. & Deshpande, S.N. (2007). Correlates of hallucinations in schizophrenia: A cross-cultural evaluation. Schizophrenia Research, 92, 41-9.

Thomas, N., McLeod, H.J. & Brewin, CR. (2009). Interpersonal complementarity in responses to auditory hallucinations in psychosis. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 48, 411-424.

Thomas, P., Bracken, P. & Leudar, I. (2004). Hearing voices: A phenomenological- hermeneutic approach. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 9(1), 13-23.

Tien, A.Y. (1991). Distribution of hallucination in the population. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 26, 287-292.

Vaughan, S. & Fowler, D. (2004). The distress experienced by voice hearers is associated with the perceived relationship between the voice hearer and the voice. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 43, 143–53.

Wahass, S. & Kent, G. (1997). Coping with auditory hallucinations: A cross-cultural comparison between western (British) and non-western (Saudi Arabian) patients. Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 185, 664-68.

Watkins, J. (2008). Hearing voices: A common human experience. Michelle Anderson Publishing.

Whitfield, C.L., Dube, S.R., Felitti, V.J. & Anda, R.F. (2005). Adverse childhood experiences and hallucinations. Child Abuse and Neglect, 29, 797-810.

Woods, A. (2013). The voice-hearer. Journal of Mental Health, 22(3), 263-270.

11 Woods, A., Romme, M., McCarthy-Jones, S., Escher, S. & Dillon, J. (2013). Special edition: Voices in a positive light. Psychosis, 5(3), 213-215.

Websites

Behind the Label – http://www.behindthelabel.co.uk

Experience Project: “I Hear Voices” – http://www.experienceproject.com/groups/Hear- Voices/4100

Hearing Voices Network – http://www.hearing-voices.org

Hearing Voices Network Australia – http://hvna.net.au

Hearing Voices Ireland – http://hearingvoicesnetworkireland.ie

Hearing Voices Network USA – http://www.hearingvoicesusa.org

Intervoice – http://www.intervoiceonline.org

Mental Health Foundation – Hearing Voices – http://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/help- information/mental-health-a-z/H/hearing-voices

National Paranoia Network – http://www.nationalparanoianetwork.org

Voice Collective – http://www.voicecollective.co.uk

Films

2009 and 2010 World Hearing Voices Conference DVD (2011) Available at http://www.intervoiceonline.org/3085/news/congress-dvd.html

Beyond the Medical Model (2013). Available at: http://www.westernmassrlc.org/film- series-alternative-perspectives

Mars Project (2008). Available at: http://www.madinamerica.com/product/mars-project- 2008/

Take These Broken Wings (2008). Available at: http://wildtruth.net/dvd/brokenwings

There is a Fault in Reality (2010). Available at: http://www.madinamerica.com/product/fault-reality-2010