History of Mankind: Cultural and Scientific Developments, 6 Vols
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From the Editor From the President UNESCO and Scholarly Communication Patrick Manning From the Executive Director Graduate Education Reconsidered James Grossman and Emily Swafford News Preserving Disability Heritage: Gallaudet Inaugurates New Center for Deaf Documentary Studies Kritika Agarwal Beyond “Roads Scholars”: Perspectives from the AHA Committee on Non-Tenure- Track Faculty Lynn Y. Weiner and Philip Suchma ORCID Blooms: How Unique Identification Numbers Can Aid Research and Discovery Seth Denbo Advocacy From the National Coalition for History: Fighting to Save an Endangered Revolutionary War Battlefield Lee White Columns From the National History Center: Meeting the Challenges of Influencing Policy Amanda Moniz History and Policy for Students and Educators Amanda Moniz Historians on the Hill Justene G. Hill Viewpoints What Do We Mean by “Value”? It’s Time to Challenge the Carnegie Classifications Peter N. Stearns FEATURES Beyond Big Brother: Turning ID Cards into Weapons of Citizenship Jose Ragas Lab Partners: Experimenting with Active Learning Gabriel Pizzorno and Heidi Tworek Annual Meeting Meeting Tweeting: Insights on Making Connections from #AHA16 Stephanie Kingsley AHA Activities “The Future of the African American Past”: A Landmark Conference to Mark the Opening of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture Dana Schaffer In the April Issue of the American Historical Review Alex Lichtenstein 2016 AHA Nominations Compiled by Liz Townsend In Memoriam Career Paths Casting a Wider Net: History PhDs, Change Your Perspective! Ramona Houston AHA Career Center On the Cover ur cover story, Jose O Ragas’s “Beyond Big Brother,” brings to light emerging research on the use of identity documents to assert belonging. Although ID cards originated in the sciences of surveillance in the 19th century, their proliferation led to a variety of meanings for individuals. Ragas takes conventional analyses of biometric technologies and stands them on their ear. Image: Vhils (Alexandre Farto), Dissection/Via Pedro Ribeiro Simões/Flickr/CC BY 2.0 Newsmagazine of the 400 A Street, SE, Washington, DC 20003-3889 202.544.2422 • Fax 202.544.8307 E-mail: [email protected] Web page: www.historians.org/perspectives Perspectives on History Editor Allison Miller Associate Editor, Web Content and Social Media Stephanie Kingsley Associate Editor, Publications Kritika Agarwal Contributing Editor Sarah Fenton Editorial Assistant Sadie Bergen Coordinator, Professional Data and Job Center Liz Townsend Marketing and Public Relations Manager Jane Green American Historical Association Executive Director James R. Grossman Deputy Director Dana Schaffer Director of Scholarly Communication and Digital Initiatives Seth Denbo Director, Meetings Sharon K. Tune Coordinator, Committees and Meetings Debbie Ann Doyle Meetings and Office Assistant Matthew Keough Membership Manager Pamela Scott-Pinkney Assistant Membership Manager Michelle Hewitt Manager of Academic Affairs Emily Swafford Special Projects Coordinator Julia Brookins Program Coordinator Amanda Moniz Program Assistant Elizabeth Elliott Controller Randy Norell Staff Accountant Betsy Orgodol Perspectives on History (ISSN 1940-8048) is published nine times a year, monthly September through May, by the American Historical Association, 400 A St., SE, Washington, DC 20003- 3889. (202) 544-2422. Fax (202) 544-8307. World Wide Web: www.historians.org/perspectives E-mail: [email protected] (editorial issues) or [email protected] (membership and subscription issues). Perspectives on History is distributed to members of the Association. Individual membership subscriptions include an amount of $7.04 to cover the cost of Perspectives on History. 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FROM THE EDITOR Townhouse Notes n “Time, Work- I Discipline, and Industrial Capitalism” (1967), E. P. Thompson argued that capital came to dictate what work got done when and at what rate, helping to wrest control of labor from workers. The bourgeoisie destroyed traditions that affected production, most famously the craft laborers’ custom of working less or not at all on “Saint Monday.” But some populations, Thompson thought, persisted in “work patterns” consisting of “alternate bouts of intense labour and of idleness,” especially the self-employed—“and perhaps also . students.” Faculty work rhythms mirror students’ in some ways, most obviously in the fall-to-spring academic calendar, which features times of breakneck intensity followed by extended fallow periods. Nobody gets summers off— students and faculty alike must work—but the anticipation of “break” is palpable at this time of year. Professors’ work- discipline, however, seems to include an emotional component: guilt about not producing enough. Social media posts about productivity abound, and not only during business hours. Whatever the performative aspect of always being busy, academics care deeply about the quality and quantity of their output, which is often complicated by the demands of personal life. This is true of teaching, research, and service. Those who have academic jobs often cite “setting my own hours” as a perk. But I’m struck by the negative feelings that can accompany “not getting anything done today.” Academics, as a class, work for low pay and long hours, under the expectation that their writing, teaching, and service be of the highest caliber— tenure may be denied, contracts may not be renewed. Saint Monday is little observed among faculty today (posts about drinking wine while grading notwithstanding). Personally, I can’t not care about the quality of what I do; I love doing it. But I’ve found that one benefit of nonacademic labor is that I’m not emotionally invested in filling every spare hour with work. I cram all the work I can into a certain amount of time rather than all the time I have into a certain amount of work. That doesn’t appeal to everyone, and indeed, middle-class professions often require serious time commitments. But as many of us look toward the break that’s not really a break, perhaps we can think about separating time, work- discipline, and self- judgment. Marxism off. —Allison Miller, editor Correction he article “Scholars T on the Edge: The LGBTQ Historians Task Force Report and the AHA” (Perspectives on History, February 2016) implied that La Shonda Mims did doctoral work at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. In fact, she earned her master’s degree there. Perspectives regrets the error. FROM THE PRESIDENT UNESCO and Scholarly Communication Patrick Manning he United Nations, now 70 T years old, stands as a striking element of the postwar world. Though always problematic, it has survived and played a key role in global affairs, in contrast to the collapse