Japan and Nuclear Weapons
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Nuclear War: Hiroshima, Nagasaki, and a Workable Moral Strategy for Achieving and Preserving World Peace
2018 Canadian Peace Research Association (CPRA) Conference, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, May 30 - June 1, 2018 Nuclear War: Hiroshima, Nagasaki, and A Workable Moral Strategy for Achieving and Preserving World Peace Raymond G. Wilson* Illinois Wesleyan University Caution: This document graphically reveals what happens to people caught one mile away from a small primitive nuclear weapon . Why world peace is necessary That Day: Monday, August 6, 1945, 8:15 AM : In the center of Hiroshima, just above Shima Hospital, it seemed like the sun had descended to the earth, followed by the sky blasting down like a Richter-10 cosmic quake from the gods, “rattling the earth’s axis,” scorching, searing, roasting, irradiating, blasting, and crushing everything and everyone below. It was as if the sun touched Hiroshima, creating a blazing inferno with no escape; hell was overflowing down onto the city; neutron radiation from the bomb made people’s bones radioactive (radio-chemical warfare ). Blast winds in excess of 200 miles per hour (mph), with blast overpressure blowing out ear drums and forcing eyeballs out of their sockets (like globe luxation ); it hurled and slammed people into stone walls. Scorched blistered skin sloughed and peeled off their bodies, dragging on the ground as they tried to escape the city. The retinas of eyes looking up were burned. Stone and concrete buildings were fire-gutted to their cores, the blast-shattered glass window fragments sharply tearing into the bodies of those within, and without. This happened to Hiroshima citizens, the children and families, within seconds on August 6. Birds and butterflies never had a chance. -
The Development of Military Nuclear Strategy And
The Development of Military Nuclear Strategy and Anglo-American Relations, 1939 – 1958 Submitted by: Geoffrey Charles Mallett Skinner to the University of Exeter as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History, July 2018 This thesis is available for Library use on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. I certify that all material in this thesis which is not my own work has been identified and that no material has previously been submitted and approved for the award of a degree by this or any other University. (Signature) ……………………………………………………………………………… 1 Abstract There was no special governmental partnership between Britain and America during the Second World War in atomic affairs. A recalibration is required that updates and amends the existing historiography in this respect. The wartime atomic relations of those countries were cooperative at the level of science and resources, but rarely that of the state. As soon as it became apparent that fission weaponry would be the main basis of future military power, America decided to gain exclusive control over the weapon. Britain could not replicate American resources and no assistance was offered to it by its conventional ally. America then created its own, closed, nuclear system and well before the 1946 Atomic Energy Act, the event which is typically seen by historians as the explanation of the fracturing of wartime atomic relations. Immediately after 1945 there was insufficient systemic force to create change in the consistent American policy of atomic monopoly. As fusion bombs introduced a new magnitude of risk, and as the nuclear world expanded and deepened, the systemic pressures grew. -
A Selected Bibliography of Publications By, and About, J
A Selected Bibliography of Publications by, and about, J. Robert Oppenheimer Nelson H. F. Beebe University of Utah Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB 155 S 1400 E RM 233 Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090 USA Tel: +1 801 581 5254 FAX: +1 801 581 4148 E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] (Internet) WWW URL: http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe/ 17 March 2021 Version 1.47 Title word cross-reference $1 [Duf46]. $12.95 [Edg91]. $13.50 [Tho03]. $14.00 [Hug07]. $15.95 [Hen81]. $16.00 [RS06]. $16.95 [RS06]. $17.50 [Hen81]. $2.50 [Opp28g]. $20.00 [Hen81, Jor80]. $24.95 [Fra01]. $25.00 [Ger06]. $26.95 [Wol05]. $27.95 [Ger06]. $29.95 [Goo09]. $30.00 [Kev03, Kle07]. $32.50 [Edg91]. $35 [Wol05]. $35.00 [Bed06]. $37.50 [Hug09, Pol07, Dys13]. $39.50 [Edg91]. $39.95 [Bad95]. $8.95 [Edg91]. α [Opp27a, Rut27]. γ [LO34]. -particles [Opp27a]. -rays [Rut27]. -Teilchen [Opp27a]. 0-226-79845-3 [Guy07, Hug09]. 0-8014-8661-0 [Tho03]. 0-8047-1713-3 [Edg91]. 0-8047-1714-1 [Edg91]. 0-8047-1721-4 [Edg91]. 0-8047-1722-2 [Edg91]. 0-9672617-3-2 [Bro06, Hug07]. 1 [Opp57f]. 109 [Con05, Mur05, Nas07, Sap05a, Wol05, Kru07]. 112 [FW07]. 1 2 14.99/$25.00 [Ber04a]. 16 [GHK+96]. 1890-1960 [McG02]. 1911 [Meh75]. 1945 [GHK+96, Gow81, Haw61, Bad95, Gol95a, Hew66, She82, HBP94]. 1945-47 [Hew66]. 1950 [Ano50]. 1954 [Ano01b, GM54, SZC54]. 1960s [Sch08a]. 1963 [Kuh63]. 1967 [Bet67a, Bet97, Pun67, RB67]. 1976 [Sag79a, Sag79b]. 1981 [Ano81]. 20 [Goe88]. 2005 [Dre07]. 20th [Opp65a, Anoxx, Kai02]. -
CPC Outreach Journal #740
USAF COUNTERPROLIFERATION CENTER CPC OUTREACH JOURNAL Maxwell AFB, Alabama Issue No. 740, 02 September 2009 Articles & Other Documents: U.S. Eyes 12 Giant "Bunker Buster" Bombs Pakistan Denies It Altered US-made Missiles U.S. Mulls Alternatives For Missile Shield NSA: India Doesn‘t Need Another Nuclear Test Iran is Continuing Nuclear Activity, says United Nations Pakistani Nuke Scientist says Restrictions Lifted Watchdog Iran Ducking Scrutiny of Alleged Nuclear-Weapon 'Pak Enhancing Its Nuclear Weapons Capabilities' Studies, IAEA Says Nuclear Agency Says Iran Has Bolstered Ability to Ministry Wants ¥176 Billion for Missile Shield Make Fuel but Slowed Its Output Iran, Syria have not Carried Out Sufficient Cooperation Would-Be Killer Linked to Al Qaeda, Saudis Say in Clarifying Nuke Issues: IAEA Cargo of North Korea Materiel is Seized En Route to Israel Has Iran in Its Sights Iran Watchdog Extends Probe into Alleged Secret Site Don't Get Scammed By Russia Again 'IAEA Hiding Incriminating Evidence' Israeli Nuclear Weapons and Western Hypocrisy Iran 'Ready' for Nuclear Talks Another Attempt to Malign Pak Nuke Program Russia: Building a Nuclear Deterrent for the Sake of Controversy Over Pokhran-II Needless: Manmohan Peace (60th Anniversary of the First Soviet Atomic Test) U.S. Says Pakistan Made Changes to Missiles Sold for Defense Welcome to the CPC Outreach Journal. As part of USAF Counterproliferation Center’s mission to counter weapons of mass destruction through education and research, we’re providing our government and civilian community a source for timely counterproliferation information. This information includes articles, papers and other documents addressing issues pertinent to US military response options for dealing with chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) threats and countermeasures. -
Wen Ho Lee Case Study1
Wen Ho Lee Case Study1 In the 1990s as the Clinton administration sought to expand diplomatic and trade relations with China, Chinese espionage against US technology targets–especially nuclear weapons data at national laboratories–was getting widespread publicity in the media. As charges and counter- charges floated in the air, scientists at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) who were studying Chinese nuclear tests concluded that a 1992 test demonstrated a sudden advance in miniaturization of the country’s nuclear warheads. They argued that the warhead was very similar to the United States’ most advanced weapon, the W-88. With this advance, the Chinese had access to the technology that provided the basis of a modern, nuclear force. Robert M. Henson, a weapons designer at LANL, believed that the only way the Chinese could have made such advances was by stealing US secrets. Henson’s view was seconded by John L. Richter, a bomb designer who specialized in creating the trigger for the hydrogen bomb. He argued that the sketchy evidence available pointed to the Chinese having acquired significant data on the trigger in the W-88. Investigators believed that the theft of the W-88 data from the national laboratories occurred in the 1980s, and that there was evidence of ongoing Chinese espionage at the increasingly open national labs in the 1990s. Counterintelligence officials report that China is aggressive at collecting information on US advanced technology. Beijing employs both soft and mostly legal as well as classic, hard-spying techniques to gain access to critical information. While the Chinese approach all scientists, they focus on ethnic Chinese, both from the mainland and from Taiwan. -
Nagasaki and the Hibakusha Experience of Sumiteru Taniguchi: the Painful Struggles and Ultimate Triumphs of Nagasaki Hibakusha
Volume 18 | Issue 16 | Number 1 | Article ID 5447 | Aug 15, 2020 The Asia-Pacific Journal | Japan Focus Nagasaki and the Hibakusha Experience of Sumiteru Taniguchi: The Painful Struggles and Ultimate Triumphs of Nagasaki Hibakusha Sumiteru Taniguchi Introduction by Peter J. Kuznick Abstract: Sumiteru Taniguchi was one of the Many of the more than 250,000 who lived in “lucky” ones. He lived a long and productive Nagasaki on August 9, 1945 were not so lucky. life. He married and fathered two healthy Tens of thousands were killed instantly by the children who gave him four grandchildren and plutonium core atomic bomb the U.S. dropped two great grandchildren. He had a long career that day from the B29 Bockscar, captained by in Japan’s postal and telegraph services. As a Major Charles Sweeney. The bomb, nicknamed leader in Japan’s anti-nuclear movement, he “Fat Man,” exploded with a force equivalent to addressed thousands of audiences and21 kilotons of TNT and wiped out an area that covered three square miles, shattering hundreds of thousands of people. Many of the windows eleven miles away. Some 74,000 were more than 250,000 who lived in Nagasaki on dead by the end of the year. The death toll August 9, 1945 were not so lucky. reached 140,000 by 1950. Included among the victims were thousands of Korean slave Keywords: Nagasaki, atomic bomb, hibakusha, laborers, who toiled in Japanese mines, fields, Sumiteru Taniguchi, the atomic decision and factories. Since then, atomic bomb-related injuries and illnesses have claimed thousands more victims and caused immense suffering to Sumiteru Taniguchi was one of the “lucky” many of the survivors. -
CPC Outreach Journal #361
USAF COUNTERPROLIFERATION CENTER CPC OUTREACH JOURNAL Maxwell AFB, Alabama Issue No. 361, 10 August 2004 Articles & Other Documents: Rice Says Iran Must Not Be Allowed To Develop Greenland Base To Be Upgraded As Part Of Missile Nuclear Arms Shield Plan Diplomacy Fails To Slow Advance Of Nuclear Arms Iran Calls Allegations Of Missile Tests Untrue The Stealth Nuclear Threat Bush Sees Joint World Effort To Press Iran On Nuclear Issue No Secrets For NATO Moscow's Nuclear Past Is Breeding Perils Today Gulf War Diseases: DOD's Conclusions About U.S. Troops' Exposure Cannot Be Adequately Supported (GAO Report) Welcome to the CPC Outreach Journal. As part of USAF Counterproliferation Center’s mission to counter weapons of mass destruction through education and research, we’re providing our government and civilian community a source for timely counterproliferation information. This information includes articles, papers and other documents addressing issues pertinent to US military response options for dealing with nuclear, biological and chemical threats and attacks. It’s our hope this information resource will help enhance your counterproliferation issue awareness. Established in 1998, the USAF/CPC provides education and research to present and future leaders of the Air Force, as well as to members of other branches of the armed services and Department of Defense. Our purpose is to help those agencies better prepare to counter the threat from weapons of mass destruction. Please feel free to visit our web site at www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/awc-cps.htm for in-depth information and specific points of contact. Please direct any questions or comments on CPC Outreach Journal Jo Ann Eddy, CPC Outreach Editor, at (334) 953- 7538 or DSN 493-7538. -
Historic Barriers to Anglo-American Nuclear Cooperation
3 HISTORIC BARRIERS TO ANGLO- AMERICAN NUCLEAR COOPERATION ANDREW BROWN Despite being the closest of allies, with shared values and language, at- tempts by the United Kingdom and the United States to reach accords on nuclear matters generated distrust and resentment but no durable arrangements until the Mutual Defense Agreement of 1958. There were times when the perceived national interests of the two countries were unsynchronized or at odds; periods when political leaders did not see eye to eye or made secret agreements that remained just that; and when espionage, propaganda, and public opinion caused addi- tional tensions. STATUS IMBALANCE The Magna Carta of the nuclear age is the two-part Frisch-Peierls mem- orandum. It was produced by two European émigrés, Otto Frisch and Rudolf Peierls, at Birmingham University in the spring of 1940. Un- like Einstein’s famous letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt, with its vague warning that a powerful new bomb might be constructed from uranium, the Frisch-Peierls memorandum set out detailed technical arguments leading to the conclusion that “a moderate amount of U-235 [highly enriched uranium] would indeed constitute an extremely effi- cient explosive.” Like Einstein, Frisch and Peierls were worried that the Germans might already be working toward an atomic bomb against which there would be no defense. By suggesting “a counter-threat with a similar bomb,” they first enunciated the concept of mutual deterrence and recommended “start[ing] production as soon as possible, even if 36 Historic Barriers to Anglo-American Nuclear Cooperation 37 it is not intended to use the bomb as a means of attack.”1 Professor Mark Oliphant from Birmingham convinced the UK authorities that “the whole thing must be taken rather seriously,”2 and a small group of senior scientists came together as the Maud Committee. -
Japanese Reflections on World War II and the American Occupation Japanese Reflections on World War II and the American Occupation Asian History
3 ASIAN HISTORY Porter & Porter and the American Occupation II War World on Reflections Japanese Edgar A. Porter and Ran Ying Porter Japanese Reflections on World War II and the American Occupation Japanese Reflections on World War II and the American Occupation Asian History The aim of the series is to offer a forum for writers of monographs and occasionally anthologies on Asian history. The Asian History series focuses on cultural and historical studies of politics and intellectual ideas and crosscuts the disciplines of history, political science, sociology and cultural studies. Series Editor Hans Hägerdal, Linnaeus University, Sweden Editorial Board Members Roger Greatrex, Lund University Angela Schottenhammer, University of Salzburg Deborah Sutton, Lancaster University David Henley, Leiden University Japanese Reflections on World War II and the American Occupation Edgar A. Porter and Ran Ying Porter Amsterdam University Press Cover illustration: 1938 Propaganda poster “Good Friends in Three Countries” celebrating the Anti-Comintern Pact Cover design: Coördesign, Leiden Lay-out: Crius Group, Hulshout Amsterdam University Press English-language titles are distributed in the US and Canada by the University of Chicago Press. isbn 978 94 6298 259 8 e-isbn 978 90 4853 263 6 doi 10.5117/9789462982598 nur 692 © Edgar A. Porter & Ran Ying Porter / Amsterdam University Press B.V., Amsterdam 2017 All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this book may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the written permission of both the copyright owner and the author of the book. -
Between Piety and Polity: the American Catholic Response to the First Atomic Bombs Emma Catherine Scally
Of Life and History Volume 1 Article 6 5-2018 Between Piety and Polity: The American Catholic Response to the First Atomic Bombs Emma Catherine Scally Follow this and additional works at: https://crossworks.holycross.edu/oflifeandhistory Part of the Catholic Studies Commons, Cultural History Commons, History of Christianity Commons, History of Religion Commons, Political History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Scally, Emma Catherine (2018) "Between Piety and Polity: The American Catholic Response to the First Atomic Bombs," Of Life and History: Vol. 1 , Article 6. Available at: https://crossworks.holycross.edu/oflifeandhistory/vol1/iss1/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by CrossWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Of Life and History by an authorized editor of CrossWorks. Between Piety and Polity The American Catholic Response to the First Atomic Bombs Emma Catherine Scally ’18 In August of 1945 the United States dropped the “Little Boy” and the “Fat Man” on the respective cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, causing a combined death toll of at least 135,000. Although the atomic bombings in 1945 have not been excluded from the United States’ contemporary national narrative, one of the more underemphasized aspects of this history is the unsettling and often unclear relationship between Catholicism and American nuclear politics that began in 1945 and extended throughout the entire Cold War. Of the 135,000 Japanese who died from burns, radiation, and other atomic bomb-related injuries, at least 7,000 of those casualties were Japanese Catholics, though that estimate seems conservative when one remembers that the “Fat Man” was dropped in Japan’s most Christian-populated city and even landed next to the Urakami Catholic Cathedral.1 The Japanese Catholic victims of the “Fat Man,” however, were probably unaware that the weapon which would ultimately decimate a large proportion of their Catholic community was blessed by Father George Zabelka, a Catholic Chaplain in the U.S. -
Iran's Nuclear Archive and the IAEA's Responsibilities
Politics vs. Protocol Iran’s Nuclear Archive and the IAEA’s Responsibilities Tzvi Kahn August 2019 FOUNDATION FOR DEFENSE OF DEMOCRACIES FOUNDATION Politics vs. Protocol Iran’s Nuclear Archive and the IAEA’s Responsibilities Tzvi Kahn August 2019 FDD PRESS A division of the FOUNDATION FOR DEFENSE OF DEMOCRACIES Washington, DC Politics vs. Protocol: Iran’s Nuclear Archive and the IAEA’s Responsibilities Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................... 7 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 8 LEGAL MANDATE OF THE IAEA...................................................................................................... 11 1) Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) and Comprehensive Safeguards Agreement (CSA) ...............................................................................13 2) Additional Protocol (AP) ...........................................................................................................................16 3) Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) .......................................................................................18 IAEA REPORTING AND TRANSPARENCY ..................................................................................... 23 Pre-JCPOA Reporting and Transparency ....................................................................................................24 -
China: Suspected Acquisition of U.S
Order Code RL30143 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web China: Suspected Acquisition of U.S. Nuclear Weapon Secrets Updated February 1, 2006 Shirley A. Kan Specialist in National Security Policy Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress China: Suspected Acquisition of U.S. Nuclear Weapon Secrets Summary This CRS Report discusses China’s suspected acquisition of U.S. nuclear weapon secrets, including that on the W88, the newest U.S. nuclear warhead. This serious controversy became public in early 1999 and raised policy issues about whether U.S. security was further threatened by China’s suspected use of U.S. nuclear weapon secrets in its development of nuclear forces, as well as whether the Administration’s response to the security problems was effective or mishandled and whether it fairly used or abused its investigative and prosecuting authority. The Clinton Administration acknowledged that improved security was needed at the weapons labs but said that it took actions in response to indications in 1995 that China may have obtained U.S. nuclear weapon secrets. Critics in Congress and elsewhere argued that the Administration was slow to respond to security concerns, mishandled the too narrow investigation, downplayed information potentially unfavorable to China and the labs, and failed to notify Congress fully. On April 7, 1999, President Clinton gave his assurance that partly “because of our engagement, China has, at best, only marginally increased its deployed nuclear threat in the last 15 years” and that the strategic balance with China “remains overwhelmingly in our favor.” On April 21, 1999, Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) George Tenet, reported the Intelligence Community’s damage assessment.