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Bees in Urban Landscapes: an Investigation of Habitat Utilization By
Bees in urban landscapes: An investigation of habitat utilization By Victoria Agatha Wojcik A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Science, Policy, & Management in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Joe R. McBride, Chair Professor Gregory S. Biging Professor Louise A. Mozingo Fall 2009 Bees in urban landscapes: An investigation of habitat utilization © 2009 by Victoria Agatha Wojcik ABSTRACT Bees in urban landscapes: An investigation of habitat utilization by Victoria Agatha Wojcik Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Science, Policy, & Management University of California, Berkeley Professor Joe R. McBride, Chair Bees are one of the key groups of anthophilies that make use of the floral resources present within urban landscapes. The ecological patterns of bees in cities are under further investigation in this dissertation work in an effort to build knowledge capacity that can be applied to management and conservation. Seasonal occurrence patterns are common among bees and their floral resources in wildland habitats. To investigate the nature of these phenological interactions in cities, bee visitation to a constructed floral resource base in Berkeley, California was monitored in the first year of garden development. The constructed habitat was used by nearly one-third of the locally known bee species. Bees visiting this urban resource displayed distinct patterns of seasonality paralleling those of wildland bees, with some species exhibiting extended seasons. Differential bee visitation patterns are common between individual floral resources. The effective monitoring of bee populations requires an understanding of this variability. To investigate the patterns and trends in urban resource usage, the foraging of the community of bees visiting Tecoma stans resources in three tropical dry forest cities in Costa Rica was studied. -
The Changing of the Guard in White Grub Control Insecticides
A PRACTICAL RESEARCH DIGEST FOR TURF MANAGERS Volume 10, Issue 6 • June 2001 ¡TURFGRASS PEST CONTROL IN THIS ISSUE • The changing of the The Changing of the guard in white grub Guard in White Grub control insecticides 1 Organophosphate/ Control Insecticides carbamate update New product information By Kevin Mathias Natural control influence of insecticides combination of federal regulatory rulings and economic decisions by insecticide Multiple targeting manufacturers has dramatically changed the landscape of white grub insecticides A and control strategies. At the beginning of the 1990's white grub control insecti- • Site analysis for golf cides consisted mainly of organophosphate and carbamate based chemistries with only a course development 7 few biorational products available (Table 1). As a group, the organophosphate and car- Climate bamate insecticides, have a relatively short residual activity and are highly efficacious when used in curative control programs. Topography Optimum results are attained if the products are applied in mid to late August or into September, as white grub damage is first noticed and Drainage patterns when the grubs are young and relatively small. Optimum results are Water availability As we enter the new millennium many of the cura- attained if the tive control products have been replaced by a group of Soils and geology products are applied new insecticides. These insecticides, Merit and Mach 2, offer greater applicator safety, have less adverse effect Environmental issues in mid to late August on the environment, provide a longer window of appli- Wetlands or into September, as cation due to their extended soil residual activities, have minimal impact on beneficial predators, and pro- Water quality white grub damage vide excellent control (+90%) of white grubs. -
Springtails in Sugarbeet: Identification, Biology, And
E-1205 SpringtailsSpringtails in Sugarbeet: Figure 1. Adult springtail (40x magnification). Identification, Biology, and Management Mark A. Boetel, Research and Extension Entomologist Robert J. Dregseth, Research Specialist Introduction Mohamed F. R. Khan, Extension Sugarbeet Specialist Springtails are tiny, wingless, primitive animals commonly placed into the insect order Collembola. They are so unusual that some experts classify them as non-insects. Springtails Description are one of the most abundant and diverse animal groups on Springtails can vary in color from white to yellow, earth with over 6,000 described species and an estimated orange, metallic green, lavender, gray, or red. A tiny tube eight times as many remaining to be identified. on the abdomen, the collophore, is common to all spring- The springtails have worldwide distribution and tails. The collophore is mostly needed for maintaining occupy a diverse habitat range that includes soil, algae, old optimal water balance but also functions in some species as snowbanks, beaches, caves, cisterns, vacant bird nests, a sticky appendage for adhering to surfaces. The name tropical rain forest canopies, tidal pools, deserts, the “springtail” refers to an unusual forked organ, the furcula, surfaces of freshwater ponds and streams, and even the that arises near the posterior end of some species. It enables frozen terrain of Antarctica. However, they are most them to jump when disturbed. The furcula is usually folded abundant in warm, moist environments. Economically forward along the underside of the body and held in place important species in North Dakota and Minnesota with a clasp called the tenaculum. To jump, the springtail sugarbeet fields are the soil-inhabiting springtails. -
13 Index of Common Names
Index of Common Names BITING/STINGING/VENOMOUS PESTS Bees ………………………………………………………… 6 Honey bee…………………………………………………6 Africanized bees……………………………………….. 7 Bumblebee…………………………………………………….9 Carpenter bee……………………………………………….9 Digger bee………………………………………………………11 Leaf cutter bee………………………………………………….12 Sweat bee………………………………………………………..13 Wasps…………………………………………………………….14 Tarantula hawk…………………………………………………14 Yellowjacket……………………………………………………….15 Aerial yellowjacket ……………………………………………….15,16 Common yellowjacket ……………………………………………….15 German yellowjacket……………………………………………….15 Western yellowjacket……………………………………………….15 Paper wasp………………………………………………. 18 Brown paper wasp……………………………………………….18 Common paper wasp ……………………………………………….18 European paper wasp……………………………………………….18 Navajo paper wasp……………………………………………….18,19 Yellow paper wasp……………………………………………….18,19 Western paper wasp……………………………………………….18 Mud dauber………………………………………………. 20 Black and blue mud dauber……………………………..………………….20 Black and yellow mud dauber……………………………………………….20 Organ pipe mud dauber……………………………………………….20,21 Velvet ant……………………………………………………21 Scorpions………………………………………………………23 Arizona bark scorpion……………………………………………….23 Giant hairy scorpion ……………………………………………….24 Striped-tail scorpion……………………………………………….25 Yellow ground scorpion……………………………………………….25 Spiders…………………………………………………………..26 Cellar spider……………………………………………….2 6 Recluse spider……………………………………………….27 Tarantula…………………………………………………. 28 Widow spider……………………………………………….29 Scorpion/spider look-alikes……………………………………………….30 Pseudoscorpion……………………………………………….30 Solifugid/wind -
Observations on the Springtail Leaping Organ and Jumping Mechanism Worked by a Spring
Observations on the Springtail Leaping Organ and Jumping Mechanism Worked by a Spring Seiichi Sudo a*, Masahiro Shiono a, Toshiya Kainuma a, Atsushi Shirai b, and Toshiyuki Hayase b a Faculty of Systems Science and Technology, Akita Prefectural University, Japan b Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, Japan Abstract— This paper is concerned with a small In this paper, the springtail leaping organ was jumping mechanism. Microscopic observations of observed with confocal laser scanning microscopy. A springtail leaping organs were conducted using a jumping mechanism using a spring and small confocal leaser scanning microscope. A simple electromagnet was produced based on the observations springtail mechanism using a spring and small of leaping organ and the jumping analysis of the electromagnet was produced based on the observations springtail. of leaping organ and the jumping analysis of the globular springtail. Jumping characteristics of the mechanism were examined with high-speed video II. EXPERIMENTAL METHOD camera system. A. Microscopic Observations Index Terms—Jumping Mechanism, Leaping Organ, Globular springtails are small insects that reach Springtail, Morphology, Jumping Characteristics around 1 mm in size. They have the jumping organ (furcula), which can be folded under the abdomen. Muscular action releasing the furcula can throw the I. INTRODUCTION insect well out of the way of predators. Jumping in insect movement is an effective way to In this paper, microscopic observations of the furcula escape predators, find food, and change locations. were conducted using the confocal laser scanning Grasshoppers, fleas, bush crickets, katydids, and locusts microscope. Confocal laser scanning microscopy is are particularly well known for jumping mechanisms to fluorescence – imaging technique that produces move around. -
Occasional Invaders
This publication is no longer circulated. It is preserved here for archival purposes. Current information is at https://extension.umd.edu/hgic HG 8 2000 Occasional Invaders Centipedes Centipede Millipede doors and screens, and by removal of decaying vegetation, House Centipede leaf litter, and mulch from around the foundations of homes. Vacuum up those that enter the home and dispose of the bag outdoors. If they become intolerable and chemical treatment becomes necessary, residual insecticides may be Centipedes are elongate, flattened animals with one pair of used sparingly. Poisons baits may be used outdoors with legs per body segment. The number of legs may vary from caution, particularly if there are children or pets in the home. 10 to over 100, depending on the species. They also have A residual insecticide spray applied across a door threshold long jointed antennae. The house centipede is about an inch may prevent the millipedes from entering the house. long, gray, with very long legs. It lives outdoors as well as indoors, and may be found in bathrooms, damp basements, Sowbugs and Pillbugs closets, etc. it feeds on insects and spiders. If you see a centipede indoors, and can’t live with it, escort it outdoors. Sowbugs and pillbugs are the only crustaceans that have Centipedes are beneficial by helping controlArchived insect pests and adapted to a life on land. They are oval in shape, convex spiders. above, and flat beneath. They are gray in color, and 1/2 to 3/4 of an inch long. Sowbugs have two small tail-like Millipedes appendages at the rear, and pillbugs do not. -
Springtails1 P
ENY-228 Springtails1 P. G. Koehler, M. L. Aparicio, and M. Pfiester2 organic material and other nutrients to return to the soil; these nutrients are later used by plants. Occasionally, springtails attack young seedlings and may damage the roots and stems. Biology and Description The Order Collembola has two suborders easily distin- guished by their body shape. One appears linear (Figure 1), while the other appears globular (Figure 2). These suborders are further divided into families that contain the separate species. Only seven families include the 650 species in North America. Worldwide, 3,600 species have been discovered. This fact sheet is included in SP134: Pests in and around the Florida Home, which is available from the UF/IFAS Extension Bookstore. http:// ifasbooks.ifas.ufl.edu/p-154-pests-in-andaroundthe-florida-home.aspx Figure 1. A linear springtail. Springtails are minute insects without wings in the Order Springtails range in length from 0.25 to 6 mm, but are Collembola. They occur in large numbers in moist soil and normally about 1 mm long. Colors range from white to can be found in homes with high humidity, organic debris, yellow, gray, or blue-gray. Attached to the tip of the abdo- or mold. Homeowners sometimes discover these insects men is a forked appendage resembling a lever and called occurring in large numbers in swimming pools, potted the furcula. At rest, a clasp called the tenaculum holds the plants, or in moist soil and mulch. They feed on fungi, furcula to the abdomen. When disturbed or threatened, fungal spores, and decaying, damp vegetation, causing the springtail’s tenaculum releases the furcula, which then 1. -
Ohio Economic Insects and Related Arthropods
April 1989 · Bulletin 752 OHIO ECONOMIC INSECTS AND RELATED ARTHROPODS Armyworm feeding on com; 2x. (USDA) This list was prepared in cooperation with faculty of the Ohio Cooperative Extension Service, the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, the Ohio Department of Agriculture, the Ohio Department of Health, The Ohio State University and the Plant Pest Control Division of the United States Department of Agriculture . .Uhio Cooperative Extension Service The Ohio State University 2 OHIO ECONOMIC INSECTS AND RELATED ARTUROPODS For additional information, contact William F. Lyon, Extension Entomologist, The Ohio State University, 1991 Kenny Road, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1090. Phone: (614) m-5274. INTRODUCTION This list of Ohio Economic Insects and Related Arthropods was first assembled back in 1962-1964 while employed as the first "Survey Entomologist" of Ohio based at The Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio. It was felt that such a list would serve as a valuable reference and useful purpose for commercial, government and public needs. This list was prepared and updated in cooperation with faculty of the Ohio Cooperative Extension Service, the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, the Ohio Department of Agriculture, the Ohio Department of Health, the Ohio State University and the Plant Pest Control Division of the United States Department of Agriculture. Common and scientific names are listed under various host and habitat categories. ACKNQWLEDGEMENT Several individuals have made valuable contributions to this list of Ohio Insects and Related Arthropods. by updating common names, scientific names, hosts and habitats. Carl W. Albrecht George Keeney Bruce Eisley Richard K. Lindquist John K. -
MO-310.2 Urban Integrated Pest Management
CANCELLED 0525LP5423400 FOREWORD Although there are many ways to manage or control pest prob- lems, the use of pesticides is frequently selected. Some of these chemicals are extremely persistent in the environment and toxic by their very nature. Public concerns over their extensive use and their detrimental effects on human health, wildlife re- sources and other environmental components, demand that we provide continuous professional review and training in selection and application of sound control measures. Pesticides are unique because they are purposely released into the environment to affect pest plants or animals and simultaneously may become an environmental contaminant. It is our expertise that not only determines their efficacy, but also minimizes their adverse environmental impact. The objective of pest management is effective control with minimal use of the least toxic product available. The Department of the Navy, a steward of 3.9 million acres of land at some 250 shore installations and landlord to a million people, shall continue to support these concerns. Program emphasis shall be on professional management of installa- tion pest management programs, controlled application by or under the supervision of trained and certified personnel, and use of cost-effective strategies, and use of approved pesticides and equipment. The purpose of this publication is to facilitate training the activity pest controller. Pesticide use is closely regulated under the Federal Insecti- cide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act and several other federal statutes. Navy pesticide applicators, in every case, should consider state or host country requirements in their pest manage- ment operations. Recommendations for improvement are encouraged from any party and these should be furnished to the Commander, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Code 1634, 200 Stovall Street, Alexandria, VA 22332-2300. -
Arthropods of Public Health Significance in California
ARTHROPODS OF PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE IN CALIFORNIA California Department of Public Health Vector Control Technician Certification Training Manual Category C ARTHROPODS OF PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE IN CALIFORNIA Category C: Arthropods A Training Manual for Vector Control Technician’s Certification Examination Administered by the California Department of Health Services Edited by Richard P. Meyer, Ph.D. and Minoo B. Madon M V C A s s o c i a t i o n of C a l i f o r n i a MOSQUITO and VECTOR CONTROL ASSOCIATION of CALIFORNIA 660 J Street, Suite 480, Sacramento, CA 95814 Date of Publication - 2002 This is a publication of the MOSQUITO and VECTOR CONTROL ASSOCIATION of CALIFORNIA For other MVCAC publications or further informaiton, contact: MVCAC 660 J Street, Suite 480 Sacramento, CA 95814 Telephone: (916) 440-0826 Fax: (916) 442-4182 E-Mail: [email protected] Web Site: http://www.mvcac.org Copyright © MVCAC 2002. All rights reserved. ii Arthropods of Public Health Significance CONTENTS PREFACE ........................................................................................................................................ v DIRECTORY OF CONTRIBUTORS.............................................................................................. vii 1 EPIDEMIOLOGY OF VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES ..................................... Bruce F. Eldridge 1 2 FUNDAMENTALS OF ENTOMOLOGY.......................................................... Richard P. Meyer 11 3 COCKROACHES ........................................................................................... -
Pollination in Neotropical Bees
Running title: Buzz-pollination in Neotropical bees Title for authors: C. A. Rosi-Denadai et al. Correspondence: Raul Narciso C. Guedes, Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil. Tel: +55 31 3899-4008; e-mail: [email protected] Original article Buzz-pollination in Neotropical bees: Genus-dependent frequencies and lack of optimal frequency for pollen release Conrado Augusto Rosi-Denadai1, Priscila Cássia Souza Araújo1, Lucio Antônio de Oliveira Campos2, Lirio Cosme Jr.1 and Raul Narciso Carvalho Guedes1 1Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570- 900, Brazil, 2Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil This is an Accepted Article that has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication in the Insect Science but has yet to undergo copy-editing and proof correction. Please cite this article as doi: 10.1111/1744-7917.12602. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Abstract Over 50 genera of bees release pollen from flower anthers using thoracic vibrations, a phenomenon known as buzz-pollination. The efficiency of this process is directly affected by the mechanical properties of the buzzes, namely the duration, amplitude and frequency. Nonetheless, although the effects of the former two properties are well described, the role of buzz frequency on pollen release remains unclear. Furthermore, nearly all of the existing studies describing vibrational properties of natural buzz-pollination are limited to bumblebees (Bombus) and carpenter bees (Xylocopa) constraining our current understanding of this behavior and its evolution. Therefore, we attempted to minimize this shortcoming by testing whether flower anthers exhibit optimal frequency for pollen release and whether bees tune their buzzes to match these (optimal) frequencies. -
The Pollinators
MAY/JUNE 2019 • VOLUME 70 • NUMBER 5 The Pollinators They form irreplaceable strands in the intricate web of biodiversity and are critical indicators of the health – or decline – of our native habitats. They need our help. • The Audubon Club at San Diego City College Steps Up Big for Pollinators • Silverwood and Anstine-Audubon Are Remarkable Preserves for Pollinators • Three Common Pollinators and the Threats to Their Future San Diego Audubon Puts Down Roots at City College The Audubon Club has transformed thirsty, unfriendly grass and roses into thriving pollinator-friendly native plant gardens by Shari Hatch About three years ago, Professor As a tenured professor, Chaddock teaches several geography classes. Lisa Chaddock viewed the “grass She requires each student to engage in a community service project, and a few trees and roses” behind documented with a poster (including a map), an abstract her classroom at San Diego describing the project, a bibliography, and photos showing their City College and dreamed of volunteer work. Almost 200 volunteers are spread across San Diego transforming it into a paradise for serving our communities. pollinators, primarily butterflies and Chaddock is also the Vice President of San Diego Audubon and hummingbirds. She went to work recruiting enthusiastic students energetically promotes chapter involvement among her college to plant and tend budding native plant gardens in that same plaza students. The City College Audubon Club now boasts 72 student area behind her classroom. She also received a modest grant from members (and counting), with new chapters emerging at San Diego the California Audubon Society, which she used for rewarding two Mesa College and Grossmont College, with hopes of expanding to dedicated interns, who were assisted by students in the fledgling City Southwestern and other community colleges.