DOCSLIB.ORG

The Novosti Press Agency Photograph Collection 21 Mirror Images: the Novosti Press Agency Photograph Collection*

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Novosti Press Agency Photograph Collection 21 Mirror Images: the Novosti Press Agency Photograph Collection* The Novosti Press Agency Photograph Collection 21 Mirror Images: The Novosti Press Agency Photograph Collection* JENNIFER ANDERSON RÉSUMÉ La collection de photographies de la Novosti Press Agency, conservée aux Special Collections and Archives de l’Université Carleton, est une ressource rare et fascinante. Les 70 000 photographies et les textes d’accompagnement, qui datent de 1917 à 1991, appartenaient autrefois au Bureau de la Soviet Novosti Press Agency (APN), situé sur la rue Charlotte à Ottawa, mais le personnel de la bibliothèque Carleton a dû récupérer ce matériel rapidement vers la fin de l’année 1991 avec la dissolution de l’Union soviétique et la fermeture du Bureau à Ottawa. Fondé en partie pour encourager les Occidentaux, en particulier les Canadiens, à voir l’URSS d’un meilleur œil, l’APN d’Ottawa distribuait ces photographies et ces communiqués de presse aux médias, aux or ganisations et aux individus à travers le Canada. La collec- tion offre aux historiens un aperçu de la construction de l’image que se donnait l’Union soviétique, les points de vues soviétiques of ficiels sur les relations interna- tionales pendant la Guerre froide et les ef forts pour adoucir les opinions anti-sovié- tiques au Canada. Dans son texte « Mirror Images », Jennifer Anderson soutient que la collection mérite d’être mieux connue des historiens de la Guerre froide au Canada et des historiens qui s’intéressent aux relations internationales et que le grand public pourrait aussi être intéressé par une exposition conçue autour de l’idéologie, de la perception et de la construction de l’identité pendant la Guerre froide. ABSTRACT The Novosti Press Agency Photograph Collection, held at Carleton University in its Special Collections and Archives, is a rare and fascinating resource. The seventy thousand photographs and accompanying text, dating from 1917 to 1991, originally belonged to the Soviet Novosti Press Agency (APN) bureau located on Charlotte Street in Ottawa, but were hurriedly gathered up by Carleton library staf f in late 1991 as the Soviet Union collapsed, and the press bureau closed up shop. Part of a campaign to persuade Westerners, and particularly Canadians, to view the USSR in a * Carleton University Library, Special Collections and Archives, Novosti Press Agency Photograph Collection [hereafter Novosti Collection]. I would like to thank Rita Richard, Jeremy Palin, Valentina Mintchev, and Trevor Smith, all of whom have worked with this collection in Special Collections and Archives at Carleton University . Apart from acquiring, organizing, writing the finding aid, and facilitating research on the collection, they also took time to offer suggestions and answer my questions. Thanks also to my supervisors, J.L. Black and Duncan McDowall, History Department, Carleton University , and Janice Cavell and Greg Donaghy at Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada. ARCHIVARIA 65 (Spring 2008): 21–38 Archivaria, The Journal of the Association of Canadian Archivists – All rights reserved 22 Archivaria 65 more positive light, the Ottawa APN distributed these photos and press releases to media outlets, or ganizations, and individuals across Canada. The collection of fers historians a glimpse of the constructed nature of the Soviet self-image, of ficial Soviet views on international relations during the Cold War, and attempts to soften anti- Soviet opinions in Canada. In “Mirror Images,” Jennifer Anderson argues that the collection deserves to be better known amongst historians of Cold War Canada and international relations, and that the general public would also be intrigued by an exhi- bition, built around ideology, perception, and image-construction in the Cold War. On a cold day in December 1991, staf f from the Carleton University Library scooped up thousands of photographs and their accompanying text of f the floor of the Novosti Press Agency office in Ottawa. The Soviet Union was crumbling, and the embassy staf f was clearing out. Files and drawers in the Press Office were emptied, as individuals contemplated the sudden change of plans. Carleton University Archivist Jeremy Palin, and two others, carefully stacked seventy-thousand images into boxes to transport them to the campus, where they would be sorted and preserved for posterity . The five hundred dollars Carleton paid for the copyright, and the considerable ef fort it took to reestablish order in the files, were deemed a small price in comparison to the value the collection represented for future study. Novosti, which means literally “news” in Russian, was a press agency with bureaus in most Western capitals. It was set up in 1961 by Soviet semi-official groups, including the Writers’ Union, Journalists’ Union, the Union of Soviet Societies for Friendship and Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries, and the Znaniye (Knowledge) Society. It has been compared to the United States Information Agency (USIA), acting on behalf of the government to publish official news and information about the country , but with a dif ference: Novosti had both a domestic and a foreign audience, so it also gathered infor- mation from abroad to be used at home. 1 It combined the Marxist-Leninist notion that the press should serve the interests of the (Soviet) state, with a modern journalistic style that included colourful writing and photographs aimed at making this message more attractive to foreigners.2 This is not to say that the photographs were more important than the press releases, but that they were an integral part of the message. Novosti (also called by its Russian acronym, APN) produced millions of books, periodicals, photographic exhibi- tions, press releases, and even films for foreign consumption. Its Ottawa office was located next to the Soviet embassy on Charlotte Street. The decade immediately following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 was an exhilarating moment for historians of international relations. 1 Mark W. Hopkins called Novosti “The Soviet USIA.” See especially the chapter “News of the World: TASS and Novosti,” in Mass Media in the Soviet Union (New York, 1970), pp. 265-95. TASS stands for Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union. 2 Ibid., pp. 294-95. Archivaria, The Journal of the Association of Canadian Archivists – All rights reserved The Novosti Press Agency Photograph Collection 23 Archives, which had never before been so accessible, especially to foreign historians, were suddenly opening up. Since glasnost had begun under Gorbachev, increasingly free exchanges of ideas, resources, and research between Soviet and Western academics had been possible. The general spirit of the times allowed a leading Cold War American historian to proclaim “We Now Know.” From newly-opened archives, we know, for instance, how ideol- ogy affected Soviet foreign policy.3 The importance of ideas, and their ef fects on Cold War leaders, “average” citizens, and historians of the period have been the focus of much recent debate. 4 Archives have been at the centre of these conversations, and yet the Novosti Press Agency collection, illustrating graphically the ideological focus of Soviet image-spinning, has been lar gely ignored. Coinciding with an increased interest in archival theory in the West, and followed in recent years by the apparent closing of some Russian archives, 5 historians continue to be excited about what the archives reveal. They are also cautious about declaring what we “know .” Issues of who has access to the collections, and the ordering and selection of archives all play a role in histo- ry-making.6 This is particularly true when the archive collections include photographs. The way the photographs are arranged, the captions applied to them, and text chosen to accompany the images can tell us much about their purpose. Indeed, even the decision about which images are initially captured and which are ignored is central. Viewing the Soviet photographs in the Novosti Collection with an awareness of these theoretical discussions can add much to our understanding of Cold War culture. The Novosti collection of fers us a great story . It covers the entire Soviet period (1917-1991), but most of the photographs date from the 1960s, 1970s, and the Gorbachev era (1985-1991). A few portraits of V.I. Lenin date from the 3 From the perspective of the ef fect of ideology on Canadian-Soviet relations, J.L. Black has made an important contribution. See especially his Canada in the Soviet Mirr or: Ideology and Perception in Soviet Foreign Affairs, 1917-1991 (Ottawa, 1998). 4 John Lewis Gaddis, We Now Know: Rethinking Cold War History (Oxford, 1997); Melvyn P. Leffler, “The Cold War: What Do ‘We Now Know’?” The American Historical Review, vol. 104, no. 2 (April 1999), p. 523. Consider also John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, In Denial: Historians, Communism and Espionage (San Francisco, 2003) and Ellen Schrecker , ed., Cold War Triumphalism: The Misuse of History After the Fall of Communism (New York, 2004). 5 See the essay by Rachel Donadio, “The Iron Archives,” Sunday Book Review, The New York Times (22 April 2007). 6 On this, see for example, Carolyn Steedman, Dust: The Archive and Cultural History (New Brunswick, NJ, 2002); Antoinette Burton, ed., Archive Stories: Facts, Fictions, and the Writing of History (Durham and London, 2005). In the latter volume, Jeff Sahadeo’s contribu- tion, entitled “‘W ithout the Past there is No Future’: Archives, History and Authority in Uzbekistan” (pp. 45-67), has particular relevance to the discussion of Soviet and post-Soviet archives. Archivaria,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Pro-Soviet Message in Words and Images: Dyson Carter and Canadian “Friends” of the USSR Jennifer Anderson
    Document généré le 28 sept. 2021 03:23 Journal of the Canadian Historical Association Revue de la Société historique du Canada The Pro-Soviet Message in Words and Images: Dyson Carter and Canadian “Friends” of the USSR Jennifer Anderson Volume 18, numéro 1, 2007 Résumé de l'article Dyson Carter, soviétophile et membre du Parti communiste du Canada, a passé URI : https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/018259ar la majorité de sa carrière à promouvoir l’URSS auprès des Nord-Américains. Il DOI : https://doi.org/10.7202/018259ar a été président de la Canadian-Soviet Friendship Society (CSFS) de 1949 à 1960, et éditeur du bulletin de la CSFS, News-Facts about the USSR, de 1950 à 1956. Il Aller au sommaire du numéro a publié également le populaire magazine pro-soviet Northern Neighbors de 1956 à 1989. Son travail était appuyé à Moscou par la All-Union Society for Friendship with Foreign Countries (VOKS), et ses écrits ont plu grandement à la Éditeur(s) gauche canadienne. Fondée sur des documents d’archives de Russie et du Canada publiés récemment, ainsi que sur des témoignages oraux, cette histoire The Canadian Historical Association/La Société historique du Canada de la propagande et de la persuasion au Canada au cours de la guerre froide offre une nouvelle perspective de l’histoire de la gauche canadienne. ISSN 0847-4478 (imprimé) 1712-6274 (numérique) Découvrir la revue Citer cet article Anderson, J. (2007). The Pro-Soviet Message in Words and Images: Dyson Carter and Canadian “Friends” of the USSR. Journal of the Canadian Historical Association / Revue de la Société historique du Canada, 18(1), 179–206.
    [Show full text]
  • Soviet Democracy
    SOVIET DEMOCRACY by Harry E Ward SOVIET RUSSIA TODAY New York 1947 NOTE ON THE AUTHOR Dr. Harry F. Ward is Professor Emeritus of Christian Ethics at Union Theological Seminary. He has spent considerable time in the Soviet Union and has writ- ten and lectured extensively on the Soviet Union. His books include In Place af Profit, Democracy and Social Change and The Soviet Spirit. The cover is by Lynd Ward, son of the author, dis- tinguished American artist who is known for his novels in pictures and for his book illustrations. - i 5.1 12.$fiW Photos, excem where otherwise in icated v cour- tesy of the ~xhibitsDepartment of the ~atiohai~oun- cil of American-Soviet Friendship. A PUB1,ICATION OF SOVIET RUSSIA TODAY 114 East ~2ndSt., New York i6, N. Y. PRINTED IN THE U.S.A. 209 CHAPTER I THE ECONOMIC BASE URING 1945 and 1946 the Soviet press carried on an extensive discussion of Soviet democracy-what it is D. and how it works. This discussion began as an edu- cational preparation for the election of the Supreme So- viet. It continued in response to much talk here about "dif- ferent ideas of democracy" that arose from disagreements in the United Nations and in the occupation of enemy coun- tries. Soviet writers point out that underneath such differ- ences over procedures is the historic fact that theirs is a so- cialist democracy. This, they tell their readers, makes it a higher form than capitalist democracy. They mean higher in the ongoing of the democratic process not merely as a form of government, but a cooperative way of life through which more and more of the people of the earth, by increas- ing their control over both nature and human society, emancipate themselves from famine, pestilence and war, as well as from tyranny.
    [Show full text]
  • Cultural Diplomacy and Nation-Building in Cold War Canada, 1945-1967 by Kailey Miller a Thesis Submitt
    'An Ancillary Weapon’: Cultural Diplomacy and Nation-building in Cold War Canada, 1945-1967 by Kailey Miller A thesis submitted to the Graduate Program in History in conformity with the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Queen’s University Kingston, Ontario, Canada September, 2015 Copyright ©Kailey Miller, 2015 Abstract This dissertation is a study of Canada’s cultural approaches toward the Communist world – particularly in the performing arts – and the ways in which the public and private sectors sought to develop Canada’s identity during the Cold War. The first chapter examines how the defection of Igor Gouzenko in 1945 framed the Canadian state’s approach to the security aspects of cultural exchanges with the Soviet Union. Chapters 2 to 4 analyse the socio-economic, political, and international context that shaped Canada's music, classical theatre, and ballet exchanges with communist countries. The final chapter explores Expo ’67’s World Festival of Arts and Entertainment as a significant moment in international and domestic cultural relations. I contend that although focused abroad, Canada’s cultural initiatives served a nation-building purpose at home. For practitioners of Canadian cultural diplomacy, domestic audiences were just as, if not more, important as foreign audiences. ii Acknowledgements My supervisor, Ian McKay, has been an unfailing source of guidance during this process. I could not have done this without him. Thank you, Ian, for teaching me how to be a better writer, editor, and researcher. I only hope I can be half the scholar you are one day. A big thank you to my committee, Karen Dubinsky, Jeffrey Brison, Lynda Jessup, and Robert Teigrob.
    [Show full text]
  • 10 the Pharos/Summer 2012 Anton Chekhov in Medical School— and After
    10 The Pharos/Summer 2012 Anton Chekhov in medical school— and after An artist’s flair is sometimes worth a scientist’s brains – Anton Chekhov Leon Morgenstern, MD The author (AΩA, New York University, 1943) is Emeritus it significantly enlarged the scope of my observations and Director of the Center for Health Care Ethics and Emeritus enriched me with knowledge whose true worth to a writer Director of Surgery at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los can be evaluated only by somebody who is himself a doctor; Angeles, and Emeritus Professor of Surgery at the David it has also provided me with a sense of direction, and I am Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA. sure that my closeness to medicine has also enabled me to avoid many mistakes.1p425 t is often overlooked, and sometimes forgotten, that Anton Chekhov, the noted Russian writer of short stories and plays, Medical school was a pivotal juncture in the delicate balance Iwas also a doctor. He was one of the principal authors in between the two careers. It made him into the doctor he was. what has been called the Golden Age of Russian Literature It helped him reach the goal of becoming the writer he was in the mid- and late-nineteenth century, along with Fyodor to be. Dostoevsky, Leo Tolstoy, and Ivan Turgenev. Chekhov was born in Taganrog, a port town founded by In 1879 at the age of nineteen, Anton Chekhov enrolled in Peter the Great on the Sea of Azov in Southern Russia. His the medical school of Moscow University.
    [Show full text]
  • Canada's Greek Moment: Transnational Politics, Activists, and Spies During
    CANADA’S GREEK MOMENT: TRANSNATIONAL POLITICS, ACTIVISTS, AND SPIES DURING THE LONG SIXTIES CHRISTOPHER GRAFOS A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY GRADUATE PROGRAM IN HISTORY YORK UNIVERSITY TORONTO, ONTARIO DECEMBER 2016 © CHRISTOPHER GRAFOS, 2016 ABSTRACT This dissertation examines Greek immigrant homeland politics during the period of Greece’s military dictatorship, 1967 to 1974, in Toronto and Montreal. It carefully considers the internal dynamics of anti-junta activism in Canada’s Greek populations, but it also contemplates the meanings of external perceptions, particularly from the Canadian state and Canadian public discourse. The study acknowledges the dominant paradigm of Greek immigrants as unskilled workers, however, it demonstrates that this archetype is not monolithic. In many ways, it is challenged by a small number of Greeks who possessed skills to write letters to politicians, create petitions, organize public rallies, and politically mobilize others. At the same time, this dissertation carefully considers Canada’s social and political environment and shows how uniquely Canadian politics ran parallel to and informed Greek homeland politics. Transnationalism is used as an analytical tool, which challenges the meaning of local/national borders and the perception that they are sealed containers. The main argument expressed here is that environments shape movements and migrant political culture does not develop in a vacuum. Each chapter deals with specific nuances of anti-junta activism in Toronto and Montreal. Chapter One examines the organized voices of the Greek community’s anti-dictatorship movement. The chapter’s latter section looks at how the Panhellenic Liberation Movement (PAK), led by Andreas Papandreou, consolidated itself as the main mouthpiece against Greece’s authoritarian regime.
    [Show full text]
  • Communist Party of Canada
    Communist Party of Canada From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Communist Party of Canada Active Federal Party Founded May 1921 Leader Miguel Figueroa President Miguel Figueroa Headquarters 300 - 279 Laurier Avenue West Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5J9 Political ideology Communism International alignment Solidarity Network Colours Red, Yellow Website http://www.communist-party.ca/ The Communist Party of Canada is a communist political party in Canada. It is a minor political party without elected representation at present in either the federal Parliament or in any provincial legislature. Contents [hide] • 1 History o 1.1 Origins o 1.2 Expulsion of factions o 1.3 Great Depression o 1.4 Labour-Progressive Party o 1.5 Collapse of the Soviet bloc and party split o 1.6 Reconstituted party o 1.7 2005 split • 2 General Secretaries of the CPC • 3 Central Executive Committee • 4 Election results o 4.1 By-elections • 5 See also • 6 External links [edit] History [edit] Origins The Communist Party was organized with great secrecy in a barn near the city of Guelph, Ontario, in May 1921. Many of its founding members had belonged to groups such as the Socialist Party of Canada, One Big Union, the Socialist Labor Party, the Industrial Workers of the World, and other socialist, Marxist or Labour parties or clubs. The party was founded as the Canadian section of the Comintern, and was thus similar to Communist parties around the world. The party alternated between legality and illegality during the 1920s and 1930s. It was initially illegal, and created the Workers' Party of Canada in 1922 as its public face.
    [Show full text]
  • Comitetul Central Al PCR Relații Externe 1984-1986 Inv 3491
    ARHIVELE NAŢIONALE SERVICIUL ARHIVELOR NAŢIONALE ISTORICE CENTRALE BIROUL ARHIVE CONTEMPORANE FOND COMITETUL CENTRAL AL PARIDULUI COMUNIST ROMÂN RELAȚII EXTERNE INVENTAR ANII: 1984 – 1986. 1.924 u. a. 1 Prefață Documentele prezente în inventarul de faţă, Fond CC al PCR – Relaţii Externe (1984– 1986), au fost preluate de Arhivele Naţionale de la Ministerul Apărării Naţionale în perioada 1993–2006. Deşi parte dintre ele au fost prelucrate arhivistic de creator, respectiv CC al PCR, după schimbarea de regim politic, survenită în decembrie 1989, o parte dintre instrumentele de evidenţă au fost pierdute, iar cele regăsite şi-au pierdut utilitatea, dat fiind că între timp arhiva a suferit schimbări majore de ordonare a documentelor. Documentele privesc, pe de o parte, ansamblul raporturilor României cu alte state, fie că este vorba despre relaţiile politice, economice sau culturale, cu statele socialiste ori cu cele necomuniste. Pe de altă parte, documentele au în vedere relaţiile PCR cu partidele comuniste, socialiste ori de orientare ideologică apropiată, sau cu alte partide ori persoane și personalități străine. Criteriul de ordonare este structural-cronologic. Genurile de documente sunt, în principal: stenograme, note, rapoarte, telegrame, informări, documentare. Unele dintre ele sunt și în copie, situație indicată la caracteristici. Prelucrarea arhivistică a fost realizată de arhivarul Floarea Dinu și de arhiviștii Ioana Mihai și Mircea Stănescu. Inventarul conţine 1.924 u.a., care reprezintă 8,55 m.l. (57 cutii), din care: 624 u.a., care reprezintă 3 m.l. (20 cutii) pentru anul 1984; 659 u.a., care reprezintă 3 m.l. (20 cutii) pentru anul 1985; 641 u.a., care reprezintă 2,55 m.l.
    [Show full text]
  • Canada”, the Current Canadian a Potentially Explosive Debate National Anthem
    Council action endorsed by students By Frank BRAYTON * What could have been a major President Ron Moores explained The council had given very council at this time was.” Is it A noisy discussion of this motion crisis in the field of student affairs the reasoning behind council's careful consideration to the up to the individual to join UGEQ then began. The discussion was was averted at an open meeting of decision to join UGEQ (Union question of joining and felt unani­ or do we join as a student body?” earmarked by several students the SUS la st Wednesday when a Generale des Etudiants de Quebec) mously that the benefits to be the reply was that we join as a trying to speak at the same time decision of council to join UGEQ During the course of his speech, derived from membership in UGEQ student body. We are in fact already and violent outbursts from the was upheld by a slim margin of he was interupted several times were very worthwhile. members of UGEQ. floot. The result was that most 6 votes. by hecklers and, conversly, cheers Another question that was pre­ students could not unerstand what “UGEQ is a dynamic force in As a result, council will not be of support. sented for discussion was that was taking place and order was not this province to-day and it is going forced to resign as they indicated of the cost of joining UGEQ. It restored until the vote was taken. to advance the position of the to the Georgian last week and the The open meeting was called as was revealed at this time that student in Quebec whether we are Several points that were raised university’s 4,000 students will a re su lt of a petition signed by 150 membership fees are $1.00 per part of it or not.” during the discussion period, howe­ remain members of the Quebec students that was presented to student.
    [Show full text]
  • Deploying the Dead: Combat Photography, Death and the Second World War in the USA and the Soviet Union
    KEVIN FOSTER Deploying the Dead: Combat Photography, Death and the Second World War in the USA and the Soviet Union s Susan Sontag has noted, ‘Ever since cameras were invented in 1839, photography has kept company with death’ (Sontag, 2003: 24). It has done so, principally, by taking its place on the world’s battlefields and, from the AUS Civil War onwards, bringing to the public graphic images of war’s ultimate truth. The camera’s unflinching witness to death helped establish photography’s authority as an apparently unimpeachable record of events. ‘A photograph’, Sontag observes, ‘passes for incontrovertible proof that a given thing happened’ (Sontag, 1977: 5). Yet the ‘truth’ of any photo is only ever conditional: ‘the photographic image … cannot be simply a transparency of something that happened. It is always the image that someone chose; to photograph is to frame, and to frame is to exclude’ (Sontag, 2003: 46). Photographers often worked, and continue to work, under close editorial direction with a detailed brief to collect specific images from designated areas in prescribed forms. The photographs they take are ‘Crafted through a maze of practices and standards, both explicit and implicit’ overseen by ‘photographers, photographic editors, news editors and journalists’ who collectively determine ‘how war can be reduced to a photograph’. The resulting images, Barbie Zelizer argues, ‘reflect what the camera sees by projecting onto that vision a set of broader assumptions about how the world works’ (Zelizer, 2004: 115). In this context it is clear that the photographic truth is less an elusive ideal than a consciously crafted product – it is manufactured, not discovered or revealed.
    [Show full text]
  • My Past Is Now: Further Memoirs of a Labour Lawyer
    My Past Is Now Further Memoirs of a Labour Lawyer Copyright © 1994 Canadian Committee on Labour History All rights reserved Canadian Committee on Labour History Department of History Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John's ISBN 0-9695835-2-4 Manuscript was prepared for the printer by the staff of the Canadian Committee on Labour History Printed and bound in Canada Cover Design by Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data Stanton, John, 1914- My Past Is Now Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-9695835-2-4 1. Stanton, John, 1914-. 2. Lawyers — British Columbia — Biography. 3. Labor laws and legislation — British Columbia — History. I. Canadian Committee on Labour History. II. Title. KE416.S83A31994 344.711'018'092 C94-950032-1 TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE Bryan D. Palmer vii CHAPTER I My Early Life 1 CHAPTER II A Political Education Begins 16 CHAPTER III Changing Times in Canada 40 CHAPTER IV The Coe Case (1940) 50 The McKean Case (1941) CHAPTER V A Case of Criminal Libel. 67 CHAPTER VI Danny and the Man from Headless Valley 89 CHAPTER VII An American Aggressor 100 CHAPTER VIII The Sell- Out of Mine-Mill 118 CHAPTER IX Again the Family 136 CHAPTER X Rights and Freedoms 151 SOURCES 165 v ABBREVIATIONS AFL American Federation of Labor CAW Canadian Autoworkers CBRE Canadian Brotherhood of Railway Employees CCF Co-operative Commonwealth Federation CCL Canadian Congress of Labour CCU Confederation of Canadian Unions CI Communist International CIA Central Intelligence Agency CIO Congress of Industrial Organizations CLC Canadian
    [Show full text]
  • Philosophy and War World War II in the Balkans
    PHILOSOPHY AND WAR World War II in the Balkans Athens • Crete • Corfu • Albania • Dubrovnik September 22 – October 2, 2019 aboard the Iconic Sea Cloud Featuring Robert M. Citino, PhD Save up to $2,000 per couple when booked by March 31, 2019 Extend your journey with an optional two-night post-tour in Dubrovnik, Croatia Dear friend of the Museum and fellow traveler, Travel on the Iconic Sea Cloud, A Historical Journey a living legend and sailing icon. No other place in the world illustrates the intricate inter-relationship between war and politics in World War II With carefully restored original as does the Balkan Peninsula. This ancient region, famous as the birthplace of participatory democracy, lies On a Legendary Vessel cabins and magnificent marble at the crossroads of global politics, between Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. Any would-be conqueror fireplaces, this larger than life must control the Balkans in order to control the world. Alexander the Great knew it, Hitler knew it, and so vessel sets the perfect stage for too did Stalin, Churchill, and FDR. our exploration of The Balkans, an area where for centuries As a result, the region saw constant fighting. Greece, Yugoslavia, and Albania were the targets of large Axis civilizations have clashed, offensives. All of these countries developed active armed resistance to their German and Italian occupiers, democracy was born, and some inflicted punishing losses on Axis troops and material, and eventually found themselves plunged into civil of World War II’s most harrow- war once the occupiers left. Studying World War II without knowledge of the Balkans is inconceivable.
    [Show full text]
  • Paratyphoid Blamed on Ulster: a Nursing Odyssey
    Paratyphoid Blamed On Ulster: A Nursing Odyssey The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Hedley-Whyte, John, and Debra R. Milamed. 2008. Paratyphoid blamed on ulster: A nursing odyssey. Ulster Medical Journal 77(2): 119-126. Published Version http://www.ums.ac.uk/journal.html Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:5025797 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Ulster Med J 2008; 77 (2) 119-126 Medical History Paratyphoid Blamed On Ulster: A Nursing Odyssey John Hedley-Whyte, Debra R Milamed Accepted 1 December 2007 SUMMARY described by Gadeholt and Madsen who report on 1,324 cases occurring in Norway between 1912 and 1961. Thirty-four of The aim of the Modicum mission from the United States these patients with paratyphoid B died. All but eight of the was to determine the fate of the Western World, the Second surveyed 2,647 cases of typhoid and paratyphoid B were Front and the Manhattan Project plans for development of autopsied4. atomic weapons. The Modicum mission was appointed in March 1942 by Franklin Delano Roosevelt as President and WAR-TIME JOURNEYS Commander-in-Chief of the US forces. The journey via the On the 20th March 1942, Averell Harriman checked out of the Anglican Cathedral in Bermuda, to Gander, to London, to Dorchester Hotel in London and flew with Lord Beaverbrook Ulster was eventful.
    [Show full text]