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Bsbg Nr98 1989 141-148.Pdf 1,14162 1.,Bulletin de la Société belge de Géologie 98-2 pp.141-148 Bruxelles 1989 Bulletin van de Belgische Vereniging voor Geologie 98-2 pp.141-148 Brussel 1989 OUTSTANDING PROBLEMS OF DINANTILI T CONODONT BIOSTRATIGRAPHY IN THE BRITISH ISLES, WITH SUGGESTIONS FOR THEIR SOLUTION by d'importance primordiale pour le S.O. de l'Angleterre. Ronald L. AUSTIN & Derek MOORE 1 La reconstitution de multiéléments dans les faunes à conodontes du Carbonifère inférieur ne semble ABSTRACT présenter que peu d'intérêt biostratigraphique. Par contre, l'application de techniques morphologiques Current understanding of British Dinantian à l'élément Pa est mieux indiquée pour améliorer conodont biostratigraphy is assessed and attention la classification taxonomique et la précision is drawn to 5 aspects which remain to be resolved. biostratigraphique. Classification of Dinantian rocks in Britain is in need of reappraisal and criteria for the recognition 45 évènements paléobiologiques, basés sur les mo- of stratal units need to be clearly 'defined. Recent ments d'apparition et de disparition des changes concerning the location of the stratotype conodontes, peuvent être reconnus dans le and the criteria adopted for recognition of the base Dinantien de la Grande-Bretagne. of the Carboniferous System are of particular rele- vance to South West England. Reconstruction of Les linéations phylogéniques des conodontes multielement apparatuses for Lower Carboniferous fournissent un canevas pour les études genera appears to have little biostratigraphic use. biostratigraphiques futures. Application of morphometric techniques to the Pa Des études micropaléontologiques intégrant des elements is more likely to provide the basis for re- données sismiques, sédimentologiques et finement of taxonomic division and biostratigraphic géochimiques devraient être appliqués aux precision. 45 Dinantian palaeobiological events stratotypes. L'influence du faciès sur la distribution may be recognised in Britain related to the appear- des conodontes serait mieux comprise après ance and disappearance of conodont genera. l'intégration des études sédimentologiques et Conodont lineages provide a framework for future micropaléontologiques et par l'utilisation de tech- biostratigraphic studies in Britain. Integrated niques nouvelles facilitant l'extraction des micropalaeontological studies related to seismic, conodontes de roches non-carbonatées. sedimentological and chemical data should be ref- erenced to stratotype sections. The influence of facies on conodont distribution will be better un- KEY WORDS derstood following integrated sedimentological and microfaunal studies and by the application of new Biostratigraphy, conodonts, Dinantian, techniques to provide greater yields of conodonts Carboniferous, British Isles, facies control. from non-carbonate lithotypes. MOTS CLE RESUME Biostratigraphie, conodontes, Dinantien, L'évaluation de l'échelle biostratigraphique des Carbonifère, Grande Bretagne, contrôle de faciès. conodontes dinantiens a attiré l'attention sur cinq problèmes importants à résoudre. I. INTRODUCTION Une révision de la subdivision lithostratigraphique du Dinantien est nécessaire, suivant des critères Twenty years have elapsed since the publication of clairement définis. Des modifications récentes dans a description of British Avonian conodonts from le choix du stratotype et des critères de reconnais- the type Avonian sequence at the Avon Gorge, sance de la base du système carbonifère sont Bristol (Rhodes et al., 1969). Much new informa- Department of Geology, University of Southampton - GB-Southampton S09 5N1-1, England. 141 tion is now available concerning the distribution of TOURNAISIAN 3 VISEAN Dinantian conodonts in the British Isles. Varker CO U R C E YA N CHADIAN ARUNDIANTHOLKERIAN ASBIAN BRIGANTIAN & Sevastopulo (1985) provide a useful update and important publications have appeared subsequently ®1 (Armstrong & Purnell, 1987 ; Sevastopulo & Nudds, 1987 ; Mitchell et al., 1986 ; Waters & Lawrence, 1987 ; Dickson et al., 1987; Austin, 1987). 4 5 6 This contribution focuses attention on five aspects 7 of British Dinantian conodont biostratigraphy 8 - S which currently are in need of resolution. These 9 may be summarised as follows : 10 11 a) classification of Dinantian rocks in the 12 British Isles ; 13 b) the base of the Carboniferous System and 14 its recognition in the British Isles ; 15- c) the taxonomy of Dinantian conodonts with 16-- reference to multielement apparatuses ; 17- d) the evolutionary sequence of Dinantian 18- conodonts and the definition and recognition 19- 20- of conodont biozones related to Dinantian 21 s events ; 22. e) the recognition of facies-control on the dis- 23 tribution of Dinantian conodonts. 24 Ir 25 a 26 aleISIMIMB 27 a) Classification of Dinantian rocks in 28 the British Isles 29-- 30 ► Before correlating strata there has to exist a well 31 established standard which may be based for ex- ample on biostratigraphic, chronostratigraphic, magnetostratigraphic, E-logs, seismic or Figure 1. Range of Dinantian Conodont genera in tephrochronologic subdivision. Great Britain: 1. Elictognathus George et al. (1976) proposed a new classification 2. Nodognahthus for British Dinantian rocks based on defined 3. Protognathodus stratotyped stages, to provide the framework of a 4. Siphonodella comprehensive recorganisation as a standard for 5. Branmehlia correlation by any convenient means. Their divi- 6. Mehlina sions are chronostratigraphic. The new stages re- 7. Bispathodus placed Vaughanian and other comparable divisions. 8. Patrognathus 9. Clydagnathus Only two of the stage-boundaries proposed by 10. Pseudopolygnathus George et al. (1976) for the British Dinantian cor- 11. Polygnathus respond with zonal boundaries, thus causing diffi- 12. Hindeodus culties in correlation of sequences with the defined 13. 'Apatognathus' stratotypes ; difficulties which are increased by the 14. Gnathodus absence of faunal lists for the stratotypes. To a 15. Bactrognathus large extent the disadvantages of the system which 16. Pelekysgnathus has been proposed by George et al. are a direct 17. Dollymae 18. Eotaphrus consequence of the introduction of stage names by 19. Doliognathus definition before the faunas and floras had been 20. Scaliognathus adequately studied. Details of the faunas in the 21. Mestognathus stratotype sections have appeared slowly (for ex- 22. Cloghergnathus ample Ramsbottom, 1981 ; Fewtrell et al., 1981 ; 23. Taphrognathus Austin, 1987 ; Simpson & Kalvoda, 1987). 24. Embsaygnathus 25. Lochriea The approach of George et al. (1976) to Dinantian 26. Cavusgnathus subdivisions was essentially different from that 27. Kladognathus 28. Idioprioniodus adopted by one of us (Austin, 1973) and by conti- 29. Diplognathodus nental geologists. On the continent the macrofossil 30. Vogelgnathus and microfossil distributions were studied in detail 31. Geniculatus before proposals were made concerning sub- divi- sions of the Dinantian Subsystem. A stratigraphie Conil et al. (1977) has subdivisions which relate to chart for the Dinantian Subsystem presented by faunas and the Stage boundaries usually coincide 142 with faunal changes. Increasingly it has become England and it is in rocks (probably subsurface) of recognised that the proposals made by George et this region of the British Isles that eventually the al. should be reappraised (see for example Austin, S. praesulcata - S. sulcata evolutionary sequence 1987 ; Austin & Davies, 1984). may be found (see Stewart in Varker & Sevastopulo, 1985). Sections lacking the Discussion as to Series names is at this time super- Siphonodella evolutionary sequence may be corre- fluous. As noted by George et al. (1976), in the lated with the stratotype using spores, since sections discussion of George & Wagner (1972) and in which demonstrate the S. praesulcata - S. sulcata Bouroz et al. (1978), the status of Dinantian, conodont lineage also contain spores. Kasig & Toumaisian and Viséan continues to change and Paproth (1981) have shown a sequence of LL, LE, doubtless will be considered again in the near fu- LN and VI spore associations in four rock se- ture. However, George et al. (1976) imply usage quences of Upper Devonian age in Germany. In of the Courceyan as a Series name "a new term Ireland the base of the VI Biozone (Higgs et al., (Courceyan) is proposed to include all the strata of 1988a, 1988b) is marked by the disappearance of a that part of the Toumaisian which is of Dinantian distinctive group of taxa. The base of the zone age". Ramsbottom & Mitchell (1980) published a approximates to the Devonian-Carboniferous paper entitled "The recognition and division of the boundary and also equates with the base of the Toumaisian Series in Britain", response to which Courceyan Stage (see also Neeves et al., 1972 ; appeared a year later in contributions from Fewtrell Clayton et al., 1978 and Marchant et al., 1984). & Smith (1981) and Clayton & Sevastopulo (1981). Chlupac et al. (1981) discussed the use of Series or Stage names within the Carboniferous System, as c)The taxonomy of Dinantian conodonts have Lane & Manger in Lane & Ziegler, 1985. reference to rnultielement apparatuses b) The base of the Carborr-gons System ail.: its recognition in the British Since the publication of Rhodes et al. (1969), sys- tematic taxonomic study of Dinantian conodonts Isles within the British Isles has remained relatively static. A few new species and subspecies have been The Subcommission on Carboniferous described in terms
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