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УДК 005.745:551.7:56 О. Л. КОССОВАЯ, Т. Ю. ТОЛМАЧЕВА (ВСЕГЕИ) CТРАТИГРАФИЯ И ПАЛЕОНТОЛОГИЯ В НАУЧНОЙ ПРОГРАММЕ 34-й СЕССИИ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОГО ГЕОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО КОНГРЕССА (2012 г., Брисбен, Австралия) Рассматриваются сообщения, связанные с созданием Международной хроностратиграфической шкалы, выбором точек глобальных стратотипов границ (GSSP), обоснованием региональных зо- нальных последовательностей, комплексированием биостратиграфических и хемостратиграфических методов и др. Как показало сравнение с итогами предыдущей 33-й сессии Международного геологи- ческого конгресса (МГК), главным отличием современных палеонтолого-стратиграфических иссле- дований является их направленность на реконструкцию климатических особенностей геологического прошлого, оценку влияния палеоклиматов на биоту и характер осадконакопления. Обобщены доклады на секциях и заседаниях комиссий по системам, в которых авторы принимали непосредственное участие, а также дан аналитический обзор тезисов докладов 34-й сессии МГК. Ключевые слова: стратиграфия, палеонтология, 34-я сессия МГК. The main tendencies in modern stratigraphy and paleontology were discussed in the specialized sessions and meetings of the Stratigraphic Subcommissions, as well as in presentations of related sciences. Present review includes presentations connected with the creation of the International Stratigraphic Scale, proposition of the Global Stratigraphic Sections and Points (GSSP), compiling of the regional zonal successions, integration of methods of biostratigraphy and chemostratigraphy and many others. In comparison with previous 33th IGC, 2008, the modern paleontological and stratigraphic studies are different in intensification of investigations targeting the reconstruction of climatic features of the past, influence of paleoclimates to biota and sedimentation. The review is based both on synthesis of sessions and Subcommission meetings presentations where the authors took part and analytic review of the Abstract volume of 34th IGC. Key words: stratigraphy, paleontology, 34th IGC. Тематика заседаний конгресса * четко отражает плении председателя Международной стратиграфи- тенденции современных исследований в области ческой комиссии (МСК) Стена Финни (S. C. Finney, стратиграфии и палеонтологии. Создание хроно- США) отмечено, что современное состояние хро- стратиграфической шкалы фанерозоя, обоснование ностратиграфической шкалы – результат более и выбор разрезов – точек глобального стратотипа чем 40-летних исследований по созданию единой границ (ТГСГ, GSSP) ярусных подразделений – «линейки» для оценки геологического возраста по- одно из приоритетных направлений стратиграфии. род и повышению точности корреляции осадочных Эти работы напрямую связаны с необходимостью образований на разных континентах. Современная активных исследований ископаемых организмов, общепринятая концепция заключается в создании т. е. по-прежнему подчеркивают актуальность про- последовательного ряда хроностратиграфических блемы классической палеонтологии и палеоэколо- подразделений, нижние границы которых опреде- гии. Однако главным отличием современных, в том ляются в разрезах – точках глобального стратотипа числе и палеонтологических исследований по срав- границы (GSSP) по какому-либо биостратиграфи- нению с предыдущей 33-й сессией МГК является их ческому (и/или альтернативному) маркеру или ярко направленность на реконструкцию климатических выраженному абиотическому событию. Сложилось особенностей геологического прошлого, влияние так, что многие ранее выделенные подразделения палеоклиматов на биоту и характер осадконакопле- были определены в регионах, где их границы пло- ния. Активно развиваются новые методы как пря- хо обоснованы фаунистически или совпадают со мого определения палеотемператур и геохимических стратиграфическими перерывами. Хотя сохранение характеристик среды геологического прошлого, так подразделений, обоснованных в традиционных ти- и методы их косвенной оценки, связанные с измене- повых регионах, важно для поддержания стабиль- нием состава фаунистических сообществ, флористи- ности и преемственности хроностратиграфических ческих ассоциаций и особенностей седиментогенеза. шкал, полная приверженность к ним ограничивает Основным достижениям исследований в области развитие корреляции высокого разрешения. стратиграфии было посвящено 53 доклада на пяти Для некоторых систем фанерозоя уже благопо- сессиях. лучно завершилась процедура выбора разрезов – точек глобального стратотипа границ (ТГСГ). Одна- ТГСГ (GSSPs) – точки глобального стратотипа ко из 12 ярусных подразделений меловой системы границы как глобальный геостандарт (35.1). В высту- ратифицировано только три границы, а четвертая находится на голосовании (I. P. Silva, Италия). Ос- * Proceedings of the 34th International Geological Congress, новная причина – сложность сопоставления разно- 5–10 August 2012. Brisbane, Australia. – 1492 р. фациальных отложений при использовании только Региональная геология и металлогения, № 53, 2013 © О. Л. Коссовая, Т. Ю. Толмачева, 2013 56 биостратиграфических методов. В первую очередь низов верхнего плейстоцена является палеомагнит- это касается корреляции пелагических последова- ная граница Матуяма-Брунес (Matuyama-Brunhes), тельностей современных океанов, доступных благо- близкая по возрасту к основному гляциальному даря проектам глубинного океанического бурения событию – Морскому изотопному ярусу (Marine (DSDP-ODP) и классических карбонатных разрезов Isotope Stage – MIS 22). Граница Матуяма-Брунес типовых регионов. Выбор нижних границ подразде- легко распознается как в континентальных обста- лений требует интеграции всех доступных методов новках (например, верхняя часть лесского горизон- корреляции, прежде всего методов магнито- и хе- та L9 Лесского плато, Loess Plateau, в Китае), так мостратиграфии. Наиболее перспективна изотопия и в морских обстановках (MIS 19). Три разреза рас- углерода (δ13C), однако такого рода исследования сматриваются как кандидаты в стратотипы (GSSP) занимают значительное время, что замедляет со- нижней границы среднего плейстоцена: разрезы здание хроностратиграфической шкалы системы. Монталбано Юнико (Montalbano Jonico), Вале ди Среди еще не ратифицированных границ верх- Манче (Valle di Manche), Южная Италия, и разрез него триаса находится нижняя граница норийско- Чиба (Chiba), Япония. го яруса (M. Balini et al., Италия). После 10-летних В качестве кандидата в стратотипы (GSSP) исследований наилучшими кандидатами для точки нижней границы верхнего плейстоцена предложен глобального стратотипа границы (GSSP) карния – разрез в верхней части берегового обрыва Фронте нория признаны два разреза – Блэк Биа Ридж (Black (Fronte) около г. Таренто, Италия (G. Battista et al., Bear Ridge) в Британской Колумбии (Канада) и Пиз- Италия). В этом разрезе, сложенном морскими зо Монделло (Pizzo Mondello) в Сицилии (Италия). мергелями и известняками, хорошо распознается Они хорошо обнажены, насыщены фауной (коно- уровень Termination II, принятый в качестве обо- донтами, пелагическими двустворками, аммонита- снования нижней границы тарентийского яруса, со- ми и радиоляриями), доступны для исследователей впадающего с нижней границей верхнего плейсто- и фациально стабильны. В них изучены вариации цена. Интергляциальное событие MIS 5.5 в разрезе изотопов углерода, получены данные по магнит- определено по урановому датированию кораллов ной полярности. В обоих разрезах наблюдается Cladocora. Богатая фауна с Strombus и другими первое появление двустворчатого моллюска Halobia тепловодными «сенегалезскими» моллюсками дает austriaca, который был предложен в качестве био- возможность корреляции с отложениями типовой стратиграфического маркера границы. Следующий местности исторических турхенских отложений шаг к выбору ТГСГ норийского яруса (верхний три- (верхний плейстоцен). ас) – детальная корреляция и уточнение биострати- В бассейне р. По Северной Италии обнаружен графического распространения основных видов в мощный (около 100 м) непрерывный разрез отло- двух вышеупомянутых разрезах-кандидатах в ТГСГ. жений тарентийского яруса (MIS 5.5–2) позднего Достигнуты успехи в определении абсолютного плейстоцена (A. Amorosi, G. B. Vai, Италия). Этот возраста плинсбахской – тоарской границы (верх- разрез, детально изученный при интенсивных бу- няя часть ранней юры) (A. C. Riccardi, S. L. Kamo, ровых работах, – уникальный природный объект, Аргентина). Впервые на этом стратиграфическом так как подобные полные последовательности этого уровне в Аргентине в пепловых прослоях свиты интервала в мире исключительно редки. Споровые чакай мелеху (Chacay Melehue) провинции Неуку- комплексы и секвенс-стратиграфическая модель ен обнаружены цирконы, U-Pb возраст которых позволяют проводить детальную корреляцию этих 183,6 ± 1,7/–1,1 млн лет (метод ID-TIMS). Это отложений с разрезом – кандидатом в стратотипы немного моложе ранее полученного возраста, рас- ТГСГ тарентийского яруса. считанного статистическими методами по общей сумме U-Pb датировок в регионе, и сопоставимо с Международная подкомиссия по стратиграфии возрастом в 183,0 млн лет, принятым сегодня для неопротерозоя: хроностратиграфия неопротерозоя, нижней границы тоарского яруса согласно данным эволюция и увеличение разнообразия многоклеточ- по свинцу. ных, эволюция экосистемы Земли (35.2). В качестве Положение и обоснование нижней границы одного из важнейших и перспективных направле- приабонского яруса верхнего эоцена (палеоген) – ний в современных исследованиях этого самого в настоящее время предмет активных дискуссий. древнего этапа жизни на Земле рассматриваются Наибольшим корреляционным
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  • Paper Number: 4008

    Paper Number: 4008

    Paper Number: 4008 Characterization of conodont biostratigraphy in the basal Moscovian boundary interval at the Naqing section, Loudian, Guizhou, South China Lambert, L. L.1, Qi, Y. P.2, Nemyrovska, T. I.3, Wang, X. D.2, Hu, K. Y.2, and Wang, Q. L.2 1Geological Sciences, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA [email protected] 2State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, PR China 3Institute of Geological Sciences, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, O. Gonchar Str. 55-b, 01601 Kiev, Ukraine ___________________________________________________________________________ A major criterion for selecting a Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) is to demonstrate depositional continuity. Depositional continuity is most often accepted where there is a transitional morphocline from an ancestral species to its descendent. The GSSP is then selected to correspond with the phylogenetic first occurrence of the descendent species. Ideally, strata elsewhere are subsequently correlated with the GSSP using the local first appearance of the descendent species, or by other taxa associated with the GSSP providing supplementary biostratigraphic data. Any other stratigraphic methods can be used for correlation once the GSSP has been ratified by the International Union of Geological Sciences Commission on Stratigraphy. Multiple conodont lineages with complete transitional morphologies characterize the Bashkirian- Moscovian boundary interval in the Naqing section. The presence of all these chronoclines through the section demonstrates depositional continuity at Naqing, and provides numerous possible conodont- based levels available for selecting a basal Moscovian GSSP.
  • Ian, and the Early Upper Devonian Some Icriodus Species Such As

    Ian, and the Early Upper Devonian Some Icriodus Species Such As

    ©Geol. Bundesanstalt, Wien; download unter www.geologie.ac.at ian, and the early Upper Devonian some Icriodus species such as /. fusiformis, I. culicellus, I. rectiro- stratus, I. retrodepressus, I. regularicrescens, I. obliquimarginatus and /. subterminus have a wide or so­ metimes nearly cosmopolite dispersion in different magnafacies areas (type Ardenno-Rhenish and Her- cynian-Bohemian) and there is no marked difference in the earliest occurrence of each species. This means that the geographical dispersion of at least some Icriodus species was due primarily to good com­ munication seaways which could be modified in the course of time and not to very specialised local fa­ des factors. Having in mind the SEDDON and SWEET model for conodonts, the dominance of Icrio­ dus in shallow water shelf environment implies no restriction in geographical dispersion. Particularly in this environment, anomalies in the vertical distribution ofPolygnathus taxa, e. g.,-P. serotinus, P. lingui- formis div. subspecies, P. cooperi cooperi can be noticed. Reexamination of Late Pennsylvanian and Early Permian Conodont Apparatuses Using Clustering Techniques. By T. R. CARR Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA. Conodont faunas containing easily identified Pa elements assignable to the genera Diplognathodus and Hindeodus have been reported from Upper Pennsylvanian and Lower Permian strata of North Ame­ rica. If the seximembrate model for the apparatus of each genus is correct, the remaining elements should also be present. However, previous investigators have normally considered ramiform elements which might be assignable to the two genera as attributable to species of either the Idiognathodus— Streptognathodus plexus or Adetognathus.
  • Pander Society Newsletter

    Pander Society Newsletter

    Pander Society Newsletter S O E R C D I E N T A Y P 1 9 6 7 Compiled and edited by P.H. von Bitter and J. Burke PALAEOBIOLOGY DIVISION, DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL HISTORY, ROYAL ONTARIO MUSEUM, TORONTO, ON, CANADA M5S 2C6 Number 41 May 2009 www.conodont.net Webmaster Mark Purnell, University of Leicester 2 Chief Panderer’s Remarks May 1, 2009 Dear Colleagues: It is again spring in southern Canada, that very positive time of year that allows us to forget our winter hibernation & the climatic hardships endured. It is also the time when Joan Burke and I get to harvest and see the results of our winter labours, as we integrate all the information & contributions sent in by you (Thank You) into a new and hopefully ever better Newsletter. Through the hard work of editor Jeffrey Over, Paleontographica Americana, vol. no. 62, has just been published to celebrate the 40th Anniversary of the Pander Society and the 150th Anniversary of the first conodont paper by Christian Pander in 1856; the titles and abstracts are here reproduced courtesy of the Paleontological Research Institution in Ithica, N.Y. Glen Merrill and others represented the Pander Society at a conference entitled “Geologic Problem Solving with Microfossils”, sponsored by NAMS, the North American Micropaleontology Section of SEPM, in Houston, Texas, March 15-18, 2009; the titles of papers that dealt with or mentioned conodonts, are included in this Newsletter. Although there have been no official Pander Society meetings since newsletter # 40, a year ago, there were undoubtedly many unofficial ones; many of these would have been helped by suitable refreshments, the latter likely being the reason I didn’t get to hear about the meetings.
  • A Database of Triassic Conodonts from a Comprehensive Revision of Literature

    A Database of Triassic Conodonts from a Comprehensive Revision of Literature

    SPANISH JOURNAL OF PALAEONTOLOGY A database of Triassic conodonts from a comprehensive revision of literature Pablo PLASENCIA1,2*, Ana MÁRQUEZ-ALIAGA2 & Jingeng SHA1 1 State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology (CAS), Nanjing, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, People’s Republic of China; [email protected]; [email protected] 2 Departamento de Geología, Universitat de Valencia, Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain; [email protected] * Corresponding author Plasencia, P., Márquez-Aliaga, A. & Sha, J. 2013. A data base of Triassic conodonts from a comprehensive revision of literature. [Una base de datos de conodontos triásicos a partir de una completa revisión de la literatura]. Spanish Journal of Palaeontology, 28 (2), 215-226. Manuscript received 08 September 2012 © Sociedad Española de Paleontología ISSN 2255-0550 Manuscript accepted 19 December 2012 ABSTRACT RESUMEN The revision of a comprehensive amount of bibliography La revisión de una amplia cantidad de bibliografía ha hecho has made possible the development of a database containing posible el desarrollo de una base de datos en la que fi guran los the stratigraphic ranges of the conodont species from the rangos estratigráfi cos de las especies de conodontos presentes uppermost Permian and the Triassic, with a total of 336 species desde el Pérmico superior y el Triásico, con un total de 336 in 52 genera. This database is aimed at biostratigraphy and especies y 52 géneros. Esta base de datos está dirigida a la studies related to biological, evolutional and palaeodiversity bioestratigrafía y a estudios relacionados con las dinámicas dynamics.
  • First Occurrence of Ellisonia, Gondolella and Ubinates (Conodonts) in Itaituba Formation, Pennsylvanian of Amazonas Basin, Brazil

    First Occurrence of Ellisonia, Gondolella and Ubinates (Conodonts) in Itaituba Formation, Pennsylvanian of Amazonas Basin, Brazil

    6(2):56-62, jul/dez 2010 © Copyright 2010 by Unisinos - doi: 10.4013/gaea.2010.62.01 First occurrence of Ellisonia, Gondolella and Ubinates (Conodonts) in Itaituba Formation, Pennsylvanian of Amazonas Basin, Brazil Sara Nascimento, Valesca Brasil Lemos Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Prédio 43.127, sala 211, 91501-470, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. [email protected], [email protected] Ana Karina Scomazzon Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Rua Domingos Rodrigues, 2, 96010-440, Pelotas, RS, Brasil. [email protected] Nilo Siguehiko Matsuda PETROBRAS/E&P-EXP/GEO/ES. Av. Chile, 330, Edifício Ventura, 13º andar, 20031-170, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. [email protected] Cristiane Pakulski da Silva Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500. Prédio 43.127, sala 211, 91501-470, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. [email protected] ABSTRACT This paper analyzes and describes a fi rst occurrence of the conodonts Ellisonia, Gondolella and Ubinates in Amazonas Basin, North of Brazil. The recovered material comes from two outcrops along the Tapajos River and from a limestone quarry of Itaituba Formation, whose levels are in- cluded in the Itaituba Formation, with a Pennsylvanian age. Those conodonts are relevant paleoecological indicators of water depth, salinity and environmental energy and have implications in the Late Carboniferous to Triassic biostratigraphy. The fossil remains represent M and S conodont elements, associated to Pa elements of the Idiognathodus, Idiognathoides, Neognathodus, Adetognathus, Hindeodus and Diplognathodus genus. Key words: conodonts, Amazonas Basin, Itaituba Formation, Pennsylvanian. RESUMO PRIMEIRA OCORRÊNCIA DOS GÊNEROS ELLISONIA, GONDOLELLA E UBINATES (CONODONTS) PARA A FORMAÇÃO ITAITUBA, PENSILVANIANO DA BACIA DO AMAZONAS, BRASIL.
  • Pander Society Newsletter

    Pander Society Newsletter

    Pander Society Newsletter Compiled and edited by P.H. von Bitter and J. Burke DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL HISTORY (PALAEOBIOLOGY SECTION), ROYAL ONTARIO MUSEUM, TORONTO, ONTARIO, CANADA M5S 2C6 Number 38 June 2006 www.conodont.net CHIEF PANDERER’S REMARKS Dear Conodont Colleagues: A year has gone by since I last communicated like this, and I’m pleased (and relieved) that another Pander Society Newsletter is ready to ‘go’. Thank you for having sent in your reports and questionnaires; without your willingness to going through a bit of pain there would be no Pander Society Newsletter, and our communications would be the poorer. I am very grateful to compiler and editor Joan Burke (Toronto) and webmaster Mark Purnell (Leicester) for their dedication and ongoing interest; they have helped me greatly and continue to make me look better than I really am, particularly in a time of personal and professional transition. You, the Pander Society membership, continue to ‘re-invent’ and apply conodonts in startling new ways. Some of this re-invention was seen at the Pander Society Symposium in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, where on March 20-22, 2006 our (mostly) North American members focused on Conodonts & Sequence Stratigraphy. Looking ahead, the programme of ICOS 2006 on July 12-30/ 2006 in Leicester, England, promises not only to surprise and delight, but looks remarkably diverse and imaginative. Christian Pander, would, on the 150th anniversary of the publication of his major conodont study, no doubt be enormously impressed and pleased with the innovativeness and progress of his intellectual grandchildren. My best wishes to all of you.