6(2):56-62, jul/dez 2010 © Copyright 2010 by Unisinos - doi: 10.4013/gaea.2010.62.01 First occurrence of , and Ubinates () in Itaituba Formation, of Amazonas Basin, Brazil

Sara Nascimento, Valesca Brasil Lemos Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Prédio 43.127, sala 211, 91501-470, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. [email protected], [email protected]

Ana Karina Scomazzon Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Rua Domingos Rodrigues, 2, 96010-440, Pelotas, RS, Brasil. [email protected]

Nilo Siguehiko Matsuda PETROBRAS/E&P-EXP/GEO/ES. Av. Chile, 330, Edifício Ventura, 13º andar, 20031-170, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. [email protected]

Cristiane Pakulski da Silva Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500. Prédio 43.127, sala 211, 91501-470, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. [email protected]

ABSTRACT This paper analyzes and describes a fi rst occurrence of the conodonts Ellisonia, Gondolella and Ubinates in Amazonas Basin, North of Brazil. The recovered material comes from two outcrops along the Tapajos River and from a limestone quarry of Itaituba Formation, whose levels are in- cluded in the Itaituba Formation, with a Pennsylvanian age. Those conodonts are relevant paleoecological indicators of water depth, salinity and environmental energy and have implications in the Late to . The fossil remains represent M and S elements, associated to Pa elements of the , Idiognathoides, Neognathodus, Adetognathus, and genus.

Key words: conodonts, Amazonas Basin, Itaituba Formation, Pennsylvanian.

RESUMO PRIMEIRA OCORRÊNCIA DOS GÊNEROS ELLISONIA, GONDOLELLA E UBINATES (CONODONTS) PARA A FORMAÇÃO ITAITUBA, PENSILVANIANO DA BACIA DO AMAZONAS, BRASIL. Formas inéditas de conodontes dos gêneros Ellisonia, Gondolella e Ubinates são descritas para a Bacia do Amazonas, Brasil. O material amostrado é proveniente de dois afl oramentos junto ao Rio Tapajós e de uma pedreira de calcário, cujos níveis foram atribuídos à Formação Itaituba, Pensilvaniano da Bacia do Amazonas. As formas de conodontes descritas são indicadores paleoambientais de profundidade da lâmina de água, salinidade e energia do ambiente e apresentam relevância bioestratigráfi ca mundial, principalmente entre o fi nal do Carbonífero e Triássico. No material analisado, esses conodontes são representados por elementos M e S, associados a elementos plataformados dos gêneros Idiognathodus, Idiognathoides, Neognathodus, Adetognathus, Hindeodus e Diplognathodus.

Palavras-chave: conodontes, Bacia do Amazonas, Formação Itaituba, pensilvaniano.

INTRODUCTION Paraná sedimentary basins. However, its The first reference to conodonts main fossil occurrence is that registered in Brazil and Itaituba Formation was The record of conodonts in Brazil in the Pennsylvanian marine deposits due to Fúlfaro (1965). Since then is known from the strata of from the Itaituba Formation, Tapajós conodonts have proven relevant for Amazonas, Solimões, Parnaíba, Acre and Group, at Amazonas Basin. biostratigraphic and paleoecologic Sara Nascimento, Valesca Brasil Lemos, Ana Karina Scomazzon, Luciane Profs Moutinho, Nilo Siguehiko Matsuda, Cristiane Pakulski da Silva studies, as noted by Lemos and Medeiros Tapajós Group (Caputo, 1984). SISTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY (1996), Silva and Lemos (1996), The Itaituba Formation, estimated Lemos and Scomazzon (2001), Nasci- by conodonts an Atokan – early Order CONODONTOPHORIDA mento et al. (2005) and Scomazzon and Desmoinesian age, includes mainly Eichenberg, 1930 Lemos (2005). carbonates and evaporites with Family ELLISONIDAE Clark, 1972 The Itaituba Formation includes the intercalated clastic deposits from Genus Ellisonia Müller, 1956 thickest carbonate packages among the tidal environments. Tapajós Group, and the most abundant in The study area is situated in the Ellisonia conflexa von Bitter and conodonts. The conodont genera found latitude 04°16’34’’, longitude 55°59’ Merrill, 1983 there commonly include Idiognathodus, and comprises a limestone quarry (Figure 3A-3C) Idiognathoides, Neognathodus, Adetognathus, (P2) owned by ITACIMPASA Cement Hindeodus, Diplognathodus, Idioprioniodus Industry - located forty kilometers Material. One Sc element. and, in recent addition to those, the from the city of Itaituba and two Description. Sc element with herein presented Ellisonia, Gondolella outcrops along the Tapajós River prominent central cusp and pronounced and Ubinates. These associations are (TAPCX and TAPTV), at the southern curve, presenting spaces between cusp useful to the correlations with North portion of the Amazonas Basin, Pará and nearest denticle. There are six American Pennsylvanian strata, mainly State, northern Brazil (Figure 2). denticles varying in size, some curved, and in the Midcontinent Region. In this others straight, following the curvature paper it is furnished a first description MATERIAL of the Sc element. Shallow, elongated, of Ellisonia, Gondolella and Ubinates sinuous basal cavity, having a strongly conodont genera in these deposits Twenty five kilograms of sed- marked groove. Ellisonia conflexa retains from Brazil. imentary rock, consisting mainly of most of its processes and denticula, carbonates and shales, were processed besides presenting a well preserved basal LOCATION AND GEOLOGY using about 300g per each sample, cavity, relatively shallow and non-everted. and in accordance to Austin’s (1987) The external structure of the element The intracratonic Amazonas Basin methodology. is similar to that of the neurodont (Figure 1) has an area of 600.000 km², Ellisonia were recovered at TAPTV, conodonts (von Bitter and Merrill, 1983). with sedimentary deposition from TAPCX and P2. Ubinates and Gondolella to Tertiary forming a 6000 were found at P2 (Table 1). The total Ellisonia latilaminata von m thick sedimentary package. The of twelve elements studied herein is Bitter and Merrill, 1983 Carboniferous- sedimentary deposited at the Paleontology and (Figure 3D-3F) rocks, approximately 2000 m thick, Department of the relate to the trans-regressive marine Geosciences Institute (UFRGS) under Material. Seven specimens of S and continental deposits of the acronym MP. elements.

Figure 1. Location map of Amazonas Basin. The star indicates the studied area. Modified from Scomazzon (2004).

Gaea - Journal of Geoscience, vol. 6, n. 2, jul/dez 2010, p. 56-62. 57 First occurrence of Ellisonia, Gondolella and Ubinates (Conodonts) in Itaituba Formation, Pennsylvanian of Amazonas Basin, Brazil

Figure 2. Stratigraphic section of the analyzed profile to the Itaituba Formation, located at south Pará State, Amazonas Basin, including TAPCX, TAPTV and P2 outcrop sections.

58 Sara Nascimento, Valesca Brasil Lemos, Ana Karina Scomazzon, Luciane Profs Moutinho, Nilo Siguehiko Matsuda, Cristiane Pakulski da Silva

Table 1. Conodonts distribution in TAPTV, TAPCX and P2 studied outcrops.

Samples / conodonts Ellisonia la laminata Ellisonia confl exa Ubinates sp. Gondolella sp. P2C53 1 P2C25 1 1 1 P2 P2C24 1 P2C9 1 P2C2 1 TAPCX3.4 3 TAPTV4 1 1

Description. Extremely curved strength of its processes, the larger spaces Order CONODONTOPHORIDA central cusp and everted basal cavity, with between denticula and specific details in Eichenberg, 1930 remains of a large denticle besides the the basal cavity, since the Idioprioniodus Family cuspid. It was not possible to determine basal cavity is never everted. Lindstrom, 1970 whether it is a Sc or a Sa element, In the architecture of their skeletal due to its poor state of preservation. apparatuses, species of Ellisonia are Genus Gondolella Stauffer Ellisonia latilaminata does not present similar to those species of Idioprioniodus, and Plummer, 1932 well preserved processes or denticules, from which they almost certainly Gondolella sp. having however everted portions of its developed (Sweet, 1988). (Figure 3G-3J) basal cavity, which were helpful to its In Ellisonia spp. classification. are most common in shallow-water Material. Two M elements. Discussion. Ellisonia was established biofacies. Von Bitter and Merrill Description. M element with carina by Müller (1956) based on bilaterally (1985) provided two contrasting and denticles well developed. Cuspid symmetrical conodont elements from depositional hypotheses (one shallow, elongated and forwarded curved. Carina the of the Meekoceras another deep) for Idioprioniodus. Thus, thin and well developed. Zone, Nevada. Sweet (1970a, 1970b) in Illinois, Merrill (1980) interpreted Discussion. Gondolella was defined reconstituted the apparatus of the type Idioprioniodus and Gondolella to be by Stauffer and Plummer (1932) and species E. triassica and included four shallow water species, whereas it is known from Pennsylvanian to types of elements in the apparatus of von Bitter (1976) working further Triassic. This genus is the most restrict this species. Pennsylvanian species of west in Kansas interpreted them of Pennsylvanian, despite the fact that Ellisonia are internally and externally to be deep water species. In the it normally occurs in abundance of similar to the neurodont conodonts, Ames Member (Conemaugh Group, elements, it is absent in the majority a group that was common during the Virgilian) in the Huntington area of of world stratigraphic profiles. In (von Bitter and Merrill, West Virginia, the greatest number general it is found in samples with an 1983). The first representatives of of species of Ellisonia occurs in the expressive amount of Idioprioniodus, the Pennsylvanian Ellisonidae were complex of barrier-lagoon-tidal-flat although not being found in samples in interpreted by von Bitter and Merrill environments (Merrill, 1973). More which Ubinates amount is higher than (1983) as two species of Ellisonia which recent consideration of Pennsylvanian Idioprioniodus (Merrill and King, 1971). appeared during the Atokan. The conodont palaeoecology is discussed in Gondolella occurs in western North Pennsylvanian Ellisonidae, although rare, Joachimski et al. (2006). America (Youngquist et al., 1951; Clark are of fundamental importance since The two species of Ellisonia herein and Ethington, 1962; Rhodes, 1963), they represent a lineage which survived described, Ellisonia conflexa and Ellisonia Greenland and Sicily (Bender and Stopel, the Early Permian crisis (Clark, 1972). latilaminata were classified by considering 1965), China (Ching and Jin, 1960). The last occurrences of Ellisonia date their external morphology, the shape of The M elements of Gondolella found from Late Triassic (Sweet, 1988). their basal cavity and existing processes. in this study are similar to those of Many Ellisonia spp. have eversion of Ellisonia conflexa and E. latilaminata Idioprioniodus, but they are also similar with the basal cavity as their main characteristic. were distinguished from each other the descriptions and illustrations of M Ellisonia has elements similar to those based in the fact that the former has a elements of Gondolella of von Bitter (1976), of Idioprioniodus, making it difficult to well-defined basal cavity and the latter Merrill (1980), and von Bitter and Merrill reconstruct both apparatus, which leads exhibits a strongly everted basal cavity (1998). Then, after some discussions with to mistakes in classification. Nevertheless, in individual elements, according to von these authors the herein specimens were Ellisonia differs from Idioprioniodus in the Bitter and Merrill (1983). established as Gondolella M elements.

Gaea - Journal of Geoscience, vol. 6, n. 2, jul/dez 2010, p. 56-62. 59 First occurrence of Ellisonia, Gondolella and Ubinates (Conodonts) in Itaituba Formation, Pennsylvanian of Amazonas Basin, Brazil

The recent change in the name of Aethotaxis to Ubinates is due to discovery of the previous use of the name by a notothenioid perciform fish Aethotaxis Dewitt, 1962. Baesemann and Purnell (2000) proposed the name Ubinates which comes from latin ubi, meaning where (interrogative), and nates meaning rump; this refers to the fact that it is not known which, if any, of the elements presently assigned to species of Ubinates occupied the posterior positions in the apparatus. The type species of Ubinates is U. advena by original designation (Baesemann, 1973). Herein it was found only one specimen of Sa element showing the general aspects described by Ubinates. Swade (1985) recognized that Ubinates is strongly restricted to carbonate lithotopes representing oxygenated conditions in the photic zone, and its occurrence in carbonate shales that separated limestone beds may suggested that it was somewhat more tolerant to turbid waters than Hindeodus, for example; conodont genera that generally appear to range farther onshore. ENVIRONMENTAL DISTRIBUTION

Conodont associations in this study reflect a shallow shelf, marine environment of low to moderately energy. Idiognathodus is the dominant genus throughout the interval studied. According to Merrill and von Bitter (1976), the Idiognathodus- biofacies dominate most Pennsylvanian sedimentary rocks, and represents shallow Figure 3. A-C Ellisonia conflexa MP-M 717; (A – 43X, B – 110X, C-140X); D-F Ellisonia open, normal marine offshore deposits. latilaminata MP-M 718 (D-190X), (E-270X), (F-650X); G-H Ellisonia latilaminata MP-M According to Merrill and von Bitter 724 (160X), MP-M 719 (150X); I-J Gondolella sp. MP-M 725 (230X), Gondolella sp. MP-M (1984) Ellisonia is characteristic of 729 (250X) and K Ubinates sp. MP-M 726 (130X). restricted environments of low salinity and it occurs commonly in associations with Adetognathus elements. Genus Ubinates Baesemann the cusp is the largest. Pit expanded Merrill and von Bitter (1976) suggested and Purnell, 2000 inward. that Ubinates was inhabitant largely in clear Ubinates advena (Baesemann, 1973) Discussion. The unique element water, shallow-water biofacies, normal to (Figure 3K) recovered show features described by somewhat reduced salinity, generally high Ubinates. Sa element symmetric and well pH environments that commonly show Material. One Sa element. preserved Baesemann (1973) erected evidence of high energy areas with open Description. In lateral view, the genus Aethotaxis to accommodate circulation above wave base that overlaps anterior process is laterally compressed, morphological distinctive conodont Adetognathus biofacies. deflected downward denticles in the elements from the Pennsylvanian In the studied section the M elements process, the second denticle from (Missourian) of northeaster Kansas. of Ellisonia and Sa element of Ubinates

60 Sara Nascimento, Valesca Brasil Lemos, Ana Karina Scomazzon, Luciane Profs Moutinho, Nilo Siguehiko Matsuda, Cristiane Pakulski da Silva are in a succession of packstone/grainstone Amazonas Basin. Ellisonia conflexa has an CAPUTO, M.V. 1984. Stratigraphy, tectonics, facies (P2C24, C25 and C53), indicators external structure and its well preserved paleoclimatology and paleogeography of northern basins of Brazil. Unpublished. Santa of relatively shallow waters associated processes and denticles were essential to Bárbara, CA, EUA. Ph.D. Thesis. University with Idiognathodus, Idiognathoides and rare its classification. The totally everted basal of California, 856 p. Hindeodus and Neognathodus. cavity of Ellisonia latilaminata was the CHING, Y.K.; JIN, Y.G. 1960. Conodonts from Gondolella, in contrast, is typical of main characteristic used in its systematic the Kufeng Suit (Formation) of Lungtan, Nanking. Acta Palaeontogica Sinica, deeper waters and low energy (Merrill classification. 8(3):242-248. and von Bitter, 1976). This is considered Gondolella corresponds to deep water CLARK, D.L. 1972. Early Permian crisis and environmentally the most restricted and black shales biofacies. Its scarcity its bearing on Permo-Triassic conodont genus of Pennsylvanian, characterizing with two specimens in the studied area . Geologica and Palaeontolica, 1:147-148. a relatively deep-water biofacies, low reveals the shallow water conditions CLARK, D.L.; ETHINGTON, R.L. 1962. Survey pH, overlapping the Idioprioniodus one, of these sedimentary deposits and also of Permian conodonts in western North in which this one is also very common is reflect of its general scarcity in the America, Brigham Young University Geology world during the Pennsylvanian – Early Studies, 9:102-114. (Sweet, 1988). DEWITT, H.H. 1962. A New Antarctic Herein the M specimens of Gondolella Permian crisis; as well as Ubinates in Nototheniid fish with notes on two recently were found at P2C2 and P2C9 levels which only one specimen was found in described notothenii forms. Copeia, p. in association with Idiognathodus, shallow and high energy water conditions 826-833. in the analyzed section. FÚLFARO, V.J. 1965. Conodontes do Calcário Neognathodus and Hindeodus and Itaituba do Carbonífero do Rio Tapajós, rare Adetognathus (P2C2) and with Finally, this paper brings information Estado do Pará. Boletim da Sociedade Idiognathodus, Idiognathoides, Idioprioniodus, to corroborate biostratigraphic and Brasileira de Geologia, 14(1-2):29-40. Neognathodus, Hindeodus and rare mainly paleoecological information to JOACHIMSKI, M.M.; VON BITTER, P.H.; the analyzed stratigraphic profile. The BUGGISCH, W. 2006. Constraints on Adetognathus and Diplognathodus (P2C9), Pennsylvanian glacioeustatic sea-level in an environmental context of lower great importance of this paper though changes using oxygen isotopes of conodont intertidal/infratidal wackestones suggested is in the recognition of the genera apatite. Geology, 34(4):277-280. to these horizons. herein, for the first time, confirmed in http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G22198.1 a Paleozoic Brazilian basin despite of LEMOS, V.B.; MEDEIROS, R.A. 1996. O Limite Morrowano/Atokano na Bacia do Amazonas, CONCLUSIONS the difficulties to recognize their main Brasil, com Base em Conodontes. Boletim de characteristics. Geociências da Petrobras, 10(1-4):165-173. The occurrence of Ellisonia, Gondolella LEMOS, V.B.; SCOMAZZON, A.K. 2001. The ACKOWLEDGEMENTS Carboniferous biochronostratigraphy of the and Ubinates in the Amazonas Basin is Amazonas Basin, Brazil based on conodonts. important to the correlations with strata In: J.H.G. MELO; G.S.T. TERRA (eds.), from other locations, especially with those We wish to thank ITACIMPASA Ciência Técnica Petróleo, 20:131-138. of the North American Midcontinent. Industry of Cement for granting us (Seção: Exploração de Petróleo). access to the sites where the material MERRILL, G.K. 1973. Pennsylvanian Nonplatform The taxonomic study of conodonts is Conodont Genera, I: . Journal based, in general, on individual elements was collected. We are also grateful to the of Paleontology, 47(2):289-314. and for biostratigraphic consideration, Editor and referees of this magazine for MERRILL, G.K. 1980. Conodonts from the Livingston and Shoal Creek Limestones, special to Carboniferous, in Pa elements, their valuable suggestions. This research was funded by CNPq. – Edital Universal Vermilion County, Illinois. In: R.L. despite the diversity of other elements LANGENHEIM Jr.; J. 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