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American Sympathizers with Italian Fascism A
The Machine Has a Soul: American Sympathizers with Italian Fascism A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Georgetown University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History By Catherine Susan Mary Hull, M.A. Washington, DC December 12, 2017 Copyright 2018 by Catherine Susan Mary Hull All Rights Reserved ii THE MACHINE HAS A SOUL: AMERICAN SYMPATHIZERS WITH ITALIAN FASCISM Catherine Susan Mary Hull, M.A. Thesis Advisor: Michael Kazin, Ph.D. ABSTRACT Americans across the political and cultural spectrum sympathized with Italian fascism in the interwar years. This dissertation demonstrates that American fascist sympathizers believed that Italy was coping better with the challenges of modernity than the United States. Fascist sympathizers argued that fascist squads revived older values of service and honor, even as Mussolini kept pace with a fast-moving society. They claimed that the corporate state was an up-to-date form of government, which protected Italians from the worst effects of the global depression. And, as the fascist state became increasingly totalitarian, they represented Italy as a place where men and women could transcend the grit and grind of modern life to find inner peace. American fascist sympathizers had various goals when they invoked Italy’s apparent successes in managing the challenges of modernity. First, they aimed to expose faults in their own society: the numbing effects of standardization; the erosion of higher ideals; the failure of government to protect Americans from the ravages of industrialization. Second, they suggested solutions to the United States’ problems: the reform of government to promote expertise in policymaking; and measures to create jobs and support the return to a simpler life. -
Italian Americans' Assistance for Italy
Saggi Bonds of Affection: Italian Americans’ Assistance for Italy Stefano Luconi University of Florence In early November 2002, the Washington-based National Italian American Foundation established a special fund of $25,000 to help the victims of an earthquake that had hit San Giuliano di Puglia just a few days earlier1. Such a prompt response to a faraway calamity from the most influential Italian- American ethnic organization in the United States was hardly surprising. Ac- tually, Italian immigrants to the United States and their offspring have long been concerned with the lot of the people in their ancestral country. This atti- tude has not been confined to a reasonable interest in the fate of their rela- tives and friends who have remained in their native land but has extended to the welfare of the Italians in general. For instance, as early as the turn of the twentieth century, when an earthquake struck Calabria and an eruption of the Vesuvio left many people homeless in the area of Naples, members of Italian- American communities almost immediately laid aside their regional rivalries and joined forces to initiate fundraisings for the victims of these natural dis- asters («Il Popolo», 23 Sept. 1905; 14 Apr. 1906). In the interwar years, the spread of nationalistic feelings in the wake of Benito Mussolini’s rise to power added a political dimension to this involve- ment. In the mid 1920s, many Italian Americans contributed money in the ef- fort to help the Fascist regime pay off Italy’s war debt with the United States and purchased Italian state bonds to back up the lira («Italian Review», 5 Dec. -
Diploma Ceremony Now at Rose Hill
The bserver THE STUDENT VOICE OF FORDHAM COLLEGE AT LINCOLN CENTER October 24, 2002 www.fclcobserver. com VOLUME XXI, Issue 2 Diploma Ceremony Now at Rose Hill Photo Archives / The Observer The graduation ceremony for Fordham College at Lincoln Center (left) students traditionally takes place at Avery Fisher Hall (center). This year, however, FCLC'03 graduates will receive their diplomas at the Rose Hill campus (right). The change has sparked debate among Lincoln Center students, who argue that Rose Hill is not their campus. By Brooke Mclntyre, FCLC'03 Robert R. Grimes, S.J., Dean of Fordham College at aware of such decisions in as timely a manner as possi- Lincoln Center said, "I have not been trying to hide this. ble." FCLC- The graduates of Fordham College at Lincoln As soon as I knew last spring that Avery Fisher Hall was Similar scenarios took place in both 1993 and 1998, Center will line up to receive their diplomas this spring not available for the diploma ceremony, I wanted peo- taking the Lincoln Center graduates to other venues on Martyr's Lawn at the Rose Hill campus instead of at ple to know." such as City Center. University Secretary Margaret T. Lincoln Center's Avery Fisher Hall. Avery Fisher Hall, The information came to the student body in the form Ball, in charge of booking graduation, first received a familiar and favorite venue for the Lincoln Center of an e-mail sent to Paul Hagen, FCLC'02, former word last spring that Avery Fisher Hall would not be diploma ceremony over the years, is being used by its Editor-in-Chief of The Observer, as well as in conver- available. -
42ND ANNIVERSARY 1976-2018 Sciame Is Pleased to Join the Italian Heritage and Culture Committee of NY in Saluting
ITALIAN HERITAGE AND CULTURE MONTH • MESE DELLA CULTURA ITALIANA 42ND ANNIVERSARY 1976-2018 Sciame is pleased to join the Italian Heritage and Culture Committee of NY in saluting Italian Women in America: Breaking Barriers…. From Ellis Island to the Present 14 Wall Street, 2nd Floor, New York, NY 10005 212.232.2200 | www.sciame.com EVENTS CALENDAR Table of Contents A Message A Message from the President/Chairperson 1 from the Italian Heritage and Culture Month History 3 President/ Mission Statement 4 Chairperson Members of the Board 7 Dear Friends: 2IÀFLDO(YHQWVDQG3URFODPDWLRQ&HUHPRQLHV 8 Welcome to the 42nd annual /HRQDUGRGD9LQFL$ZDUG5HFLSLHQWV 9 celebration of Italian Heritage %RURXJK&RQWDFW3HUVRQV 10 and Culture Month! This year the Board of Directors of the During these challenging &DOHQGDURI (YHQWV 12-55 Italian Heritage and Culture economic times, we are most Letter from the Ambassador of Italy Committee, New York, Inc., has appreciative of the response 13 selected as its theme: by those individuals who have in Washington, DC A Salute to Italian Women in contributed to the development Letter from the Consul General of of our materials and, as well, 14 America: Breaking Barriers…. ,WDO\LQ1HZ<RUN From Ellis Island to the Present. to the overwhelming largesse of our sponsors whose ads are 2IÀFLDO3URFODPDWLRQIURPWKH*RYHUQRURI 15 The IHCC-NY, Inc. recognizes included within. Without their WKH6WDWHRI 1HZ<RUN ÀQDQFLDOVXSSRUWZHPLJKW the tremendous contributions of 2IÀFLDO3URFODPDWLRQIURPWKH*RYHUQRURI Italians with a special tribute to not have been able to produce 16 WKH6WDWHRI 1HZ-HUVH\ actors and directors. The many such a comprehensive view men and women whom we salute of all the many activities for 2IÀFLDO3URFODPDWLRQIURPWKH&RPSWUROOHURI 17 are those who have exhibited Italian Heritage and Culture WKH6WDWHRI 1HZ<RUN Month, 2018. -
Fascist Antisemitism and Jewish-Italian Relations in The
Fascist Antisemitism and Jewish-Italian Relations in the United States Stefano Luconi Scholars have long contended that antisemitism in fascist Italy was a much milder version than its counterpart in Nazi Germany. In this view Italy was a latecomer to anti-Jewish legislation, since the country did not adopt any racial measures until 1938. Moreover, the Italian people boycotted fascist antisemitic provisions after their enactment and even risked their lives to save Jews from deportation when Germany occupied their nation and tried to implement the “Final Solution.” As this argument further goes, the lack of an antisemitic tradition in modern Italy and the good-heartedness of the Italian population shielded Italian Jews from the hardships and excesses that German Jews conversely had to face under Nazism.1 The thesis of Italians’ imperviousness to anti-Jewish sentiments also has been applied to their communities abroad. Specifically, it has been suggested that antisemitism failed to make significant inroads into “Little Italies” in the United States even after fascism started its anti- Jewish campaign.2 Recent studies, however, have begun to reassess the meaning, implications, and consequences of fascist racial legislation. Their findings have revealed that the Italian people, too, shared antisemitic feelings and, far from protecting Jews, contributed to their persecution under both Mussolini’s regime and the Nazi occupation.3 Against this backdrop this article examines to what extent that revisionist interpretation offers a viable model to account for the attitude of Italian Americans toward Jews in the United States in the late 1930s and early 1940s. In particular, it focuses on how fascist antisemitism affected the relations between these two ethnic minorities. -
Bronx Miss Columbus Crowned Court Wednesday
CF:8C :C8JJ@=@<;J @EJ@;< September 29, 2013 Your Neighborhood — Your News® Mobster three sons HEP A arrested BY BOB KAPPSTATTER Once the king of Throggs EATERY Neck, Bronx mobster Vincent (Vinnie Gorgeous) Basciano can’t be a very happy father these days. Besides spending 23 hours a day in a cramped cell for the rest of his life, the man who once ruled the Bronx and beyond as acting head of the Bonanno crime fam- ily has just seen three of his sons PANIC busted by the feds and facing their own heavy duty jail time. Described by federal authori- Six people infected at New Hawaii Sea ties as mob associates, Vincent Jr., Joseph and Stephen Basciano were arrested along with two BY DAVID CRUZ for a free hep A shot. Many others other suspects on drug traffi cking Photo by Alex Belisle The Bronx restaurant where went to their own doctors. charges involving a cross-coun- six persons came down with hepa- Five patrons at the Asian-fu- try marijuana distribution ring titis A will remain closed for now. sion restaurant one restaurant that allegedly moved hundreds to But it will be for renovation worker came down with the vi- thousands of pounds of weed. work, said a spokesman for the rus, with the health department All three pleaded not guilty New Hawaii Sea Restaurant in putting out an alert to customers in Manhattan Federal Court to Westchester Square. on Sept. 19 and ordering the res- narcotics conspiracy charges on Nearly 2800 customers heeded taurant closed. Wednesday, Sept. -
THE Village and Manor Offer Wide Choice of Trustee Candidates
Mailed to over 4,300 homes in all the Pelhams bi-weekly. THE SUBSCRIPTION FREE! Visit thepelhampost.com for more community news! March 2-16, 2016 -- Volume 12 SUBSCRIPTION FREE POST Village and Manor Offer Wide Choice of Trustee Candidates BY STEPHEN E. LIPKEN serving the public has shown me the need for objectivity The Village of Pelham when dealing with opinions is offering a wide choice of in complex situations,” Deere Trustee candidates for vot- noted. “In my current career ers in the upcoming Tues- as a Paralegal with the…law day, March 15 election, with firm Rosenberg Estis, P.C., I both Republican and Demo- have quickly become famil- cratic lines. iar with the difficulties and Trustees Adam Kagan, many challenges of develop- Christopher Reim and An- ing real estate. drea Reinke are running on “I think this experi- the Democratic/Working ence now gives me a strong together for Pelham ticket; foothold as our community Republican/Village Party embarks on new real estate candidates are former Vil- developments and growth…” lage of Pelham Police Officer “I’ve decided to run for Michael Recca Richard Deere and Michael Trustee because I care deep- Recca. ly about this Village,” Recca opposed, Louis Annunziata; When asked what he said. “The Volpe, Cassidy, A. Michelle DeLillo and Jo- perceived to be Pelham’s Mutti and Ferrara team have seph Senerchia. most pressing issues, Kagan done a great job managing “As always, one of the replied, “New York State has Left to right: Christopher Reim, Adam Kagan and Andrea Reinke our Village finances over the most important and pressing made clear they would like HAM effort and appreci- other nearby Westchester turn,” Reinke commented, past three years. -
Fascism and the Crisis of Italian American Leadership
Saggi Gli anni del fascismo The Duce and the Prominenti: Fascism and the Crisis of Italian American Leadership Philip V. Cannistraro Calandra Institute, Queens College / CUNY In the mid-1920s, a small coterie of anti-Fascists began waging a bitter, iso- lated battle against the influence of Fascism among Italian Americans*. Most anti-Fascist newspapers, including Carlo Tresca’s «Il Martello» and the Bel- lanca brothers’ Il Nuovo Mondo, believed that widespread Fascist sympathies were the pernicious work of the conservative and powerful Italian-American leaders who dominated opinion in the ethnic community (Diggins, 1972, esp. pp. 111-44; Pernicone, 1986; Gallagher, 1988). In 1940, the anti-Fascist exile Gaetano Salvemini issued an influential pamphlet entitled Italian Fascist Activities in the United States, and over the next few years wrote a lengthy manuscript on the same subject which he turned over to the FBI but never published (Salvemini, 1940, and Id., 1977). Salvemini’s work, the first clearly-articulated study of Fascist propaganda and its influence among Italian Americans, argued the painful point that in the interwar period Italian Americans were generally «pro-Fascist» but he at- tributed the cause more astutely to a series of broad social and cultural factors that transcended the Italian-American leadership. The assumption that most Italian Americans harbored a range of sympathies for Fascism or Mussolini has become a central theme of the more recent historical literature on the sub- ject (Diggins, 1972, pp. 77-110; Venturini, 1984, pp. 189-218; Cannistraro, 1977, pp. 51-66; Lombardi, 1978). In official circles – in the Roosevelt ad- ministration, in the FBI, and in military circles – this assumption led to plac- ing Italian Americans on the Enemy Aliens list and to the roundup of a much smaller number in the days immediately after Pearl Harbor. -
Jessica Lee Dissertation
“To the Seventh Generation” Italians and the Creation of an American Political Identity, 1921-1948 Jessica Harriet Lee Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2016 © 2016 Jessica Harriet Lee All rights reserved ABSTRACT “To the Seventh Generation” Italians and the Creation of an American Political Identity, 1921-1948 Jessica Harriet Lee The increase in Italian American political power from the 1920s through the 1940s coincided with the rise of Fascism in Italy and Americanism in the United States—two opposing ideologies that greatly influenced how Italians practiced political citizenship. Benito Mussolini’s Fascist ideology demanded Italians’ permanent subservience to the Italian corporate state, even to the seventh generation abroad. At the same time, American xenophobes pushed Americanism; an anti-immigrant ideology that demanded foreigners’ total loyalty to America, its Constitution, and its Anglo-Saxon culture. Scholars have separately noted Italian Americans’ overwhelming support of Fascism and dramatic rise in electoral participation during the Great Depression, but few have investigated the overlap between those two developments. None have placed Italian Americans’ growing ethnic awareness within the context of American nationalism. This dissertation uncovers the causal relationship between Italian Americans’ Fascism and growing political capital, and demonstrates how ethnic elites worked with the Italian and American states to develop a new transnationalistic citizenship. Their new concept of citizenship did not deny the inherent nationalism of Americanism or Fascism, but rather recognized migrants as a special category of citizens with specific and unique rights and obligations to each of their nations. -
Italoamericana
Edited by Francesco Durante • Italoamericana Th e Literature of the Great Migration, 1880– 1943 General Editor of the American Edition robert viscusi Translations Editor anthony julian tamburri Bibliographic Editor james j. periconi Fordham University Press | New York | 2014 Copyright © 2014 Fordham University Press Italoamericana: Th e Literature of the Great Migration, 1880– 1943 was previously published as Italomericana: Storia e letteratura degli italiani negli Stati Uniti 1880– 1943, edited by Francesco Durante. © 2005 Arnoldo Mondadori Editore S.p.A., Milano. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means— electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or any other— except for brief quotations in printed reviews, without the prior permission of the publisher. Fordham University Press has no responsibility for the per sis tence or accuracy of URLs for external or third- party Internet websites referred to in this publication and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Fordham University Press also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Library of Congress Control Number: 2014931287 Printed in the United States of America 1 6 15 14 5 4 3 2 1 First edition Contents ix Preface xiii A c k n o w l e d g m e n t s xv Introduction to the American Edition part i. Chronicle of the Great Exodus 3 Introduction 17 carlo barsotti | To the Readers 20 ferdinando fontana | Shine? .