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FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT Klamath Hydroelectric Project

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FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT Klamath Hydroelectric Project FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT Klamath Hydroelectric Project (FERC Project No. 2082) Water Resources PacifiCorp Portland, Oregon Version: February 2004 Copyright © 2004 by PacifiCorp Reproduction in whole or in part without the written consent of PacifiCorp is prohibited. Water Resources FTR.DOC CONTENTS PREFACE...............................................................................................................................v LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ...........................................................vii GLOSSARY...........................................................................................................................ix 1.0 INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................1-1 1.1 SCOPE OF WORK.............................................................................................1-1 1.2 OVERVIEW OF WATER RESOURCES STUDIES ........................................1-1 2.0 COMPILATION AND ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING WATER QUALITY DATA .......................................................................................................................2-1 2.1 DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE ......................................................................2-1 2.2 OBJECTIVES.....................................................................................................2-1 2.3 RELICENSING RELEVANCE AND USE IN DECISIONMAKING..............2-1 2.4 METHODS AND GEOGRAPHIC SCOPE .......................................................2-1 2.4.1 Database Development ........................................................................2-1 2.4.2 Data Analysis.......................................................................................2-2 2.5 RELATIONSHIP TO REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS AND PLANS ......2-2 2.6 TECHNICAL WORK GROUP COLLABORATION .......................................2-2 2.7 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION.........................................................................2-2 2.7.1 Review of Historical Data....................................................................2-2 2.7.2 Spatial Trends in the Historical Data...................................................2-7 2.7.3 Temporal Trends in the Historical Data.............................................2-19 3.0 CURRENT WATER QUALITY CONDITIONS IN THE PROJECT AREA .......3-1 3.1 DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE ......................................................................3-1 3.2 OBJECTIVES.....................................................................................................3-1 3.3 RELICENSING RELEVANCE AND USE IN DECISIONMAKING..............3-1 3.4 METHODS AND GEOGRAPHIC SCOPE .......................................................3-2 3.4.1 Study Sites ...........................................................................................3-2 3.4.2 Cooperative Water Quality Monitoring during 2000 and 2001...........3-3 3.4.3 Methods ...............................................................................................3-7 3.5 RELATIONSHIP TO REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS AND PLANS ......3-8 3.6 TECHNICAL WORK GROUP COLLABORATION .......................................3-8 3.7 RESULTS ...........................................................................................................3-8 3.7.1 Water Temperature ..............................................................................3-9 3.7.2 Dissolved Oxygen..............................................................................3-17 3.7.3 Oxidation-Reduction Potential...........................................................3-21 3.7.4 pH.......................................................................................................3-23 3.7.5 Specific Conductance.........................................................................3-25 3.7.6 Nutrients.............................................................................................3-28 3.7.7 Phosphorus.........................................................................................3-28 3.7.8 Chlorophyll a .....................................................................................3-32 3.8 DISCUSSION...................................................................................................3-36 3.8.1 Lake Ewauna and Keno Reservoir.....................................................3-36 3.8.2 River Reaches ....................................................................................3-40 3.8.3 Reservoirs ..........................................................................................3-44 © February 2004 PacifiCorp Water Resources FTR.DOC Water Resources FTR Page iii PacifiCorp Klamath Hydroelectric Project FERC No. 2082 3.8.4 Klamath River below Iron Gate Dam ................................................3-51 3.9 CONCLUSION.................................................................................................3-53 4.0 DEVELOPMENT OF WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS AND MODELING FRAMEWORK.......................................................................................................4-1 4.1 DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE ......................................................................4-1 4.2 OBJECTIVES.....................................................................................................4-1 4.3 RELICENSING RELEVANCE AND USE IN DECISIONMAKING..............4-1 4.4 METHODS AND GEOGRAPHIC SCOPE .......................................................4-2 4.4.1 Development of the Modeling Framework..........................................4-2 4.4.2 Geographic Scope ................................................................................4-3 4.5 RELATIONSHIP TO REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS AND PLANS ......4-3 4.6 TECHNICAL WORK GROUP COLLABORATION .......................................4-4 4.7 MODEL IMPLEMENTATION AND APPLICATION.....................................4-5 4.7.1 Model Implementation.........................................................................4-6 4.7.2 Model Calibration and Validation .....................................................4-10 4.7.3 Model Application .............................................................................4-12 4.7.4 Water Quality Modeling Results To Date .........................................4-17 4.8 RESULTS .........................................................................................................4-18 4.8.1 Link River ..........................................................................................4-19 4.8.2 Lake Ewauna/Keno Reservoir ...........................................................4-22 4.8.3 Keno Dam to J.C. Boyle Reservoir....................................................4-28 4.8.4 J.C. Boyle Reservoir ..........................................................................4-35 4.8.5 J.C. Boyle Dam to Copco Reservoir (Bypass and Peaking Reach)...4-43 4.8.6 Copco Reservoir ................................................................................4-61 4.8.7 Iron Gate Reservoir............................................................................4-70 4.8.8 Iron Gate to Turwar ...........................................................................4-79 5.0 ANALYSIS OF PROJECT EFFECTS ON HYDROLOGY ....................................5-1 5.1 DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE ......................................................................5-1 5.2 OBJECTIVES.....................................................................................................5-1 5.3 RELICENSING RELEVANCE AND USE IN DECISIONMAKING..............5-1 5.4 METHODS AND GEOGRAPHIC SCOPE .......................................................5-2 5.4.1 Explanation of Facilities and Operational Issues Associated with the Project ............................................................................................5-2 5.4.2 Analysis of Effects of PacifiCorp Operations on Existing and Future Hydrologic Regimes ............................................................................5-3 5.4.3 Geographic Scope ................................................................................5-8 5.5 RELATIONSHIP TO REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS AND PLANS ......5-9 5.6 TECHNICAL WORK GROUP COLLABORATION .......................................5-9 5.7 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION.........................................................................5-9 5.7.1 Project Area’s Natural Hydrologic Factors and Flow Regime ............5-9 5.7.2 Project Area River Flows...................................................................5-11 5.7.3 Current and Historical Flow Management in the Klamath Hydroelectric Project Area ................................................................5-15 5.7.4 Effects of PacifiCorp Operations on the Short-term (Hourly and Daily) Hydrologic Regime of the Klamath River..............................5-20 5.7.5 Effects of PacifiCorp Operations on the Long-Term (Seasonal and Annual) Hydrologic Regime of the Klamath River...........................5-68 © February 2004 PacifiCorp Water Resources FTR Page iv Water Resources FTR.DOC PacifiCorp Klamath Hydroelectric Project FERC No. 2082 5.7.6 Effects of PacifiCorp Operations on Hydrology of Fall Creek, Spring Creek, and Jenny Creek..........................................................5-77 6.0 ANALYSIS OF PROJECT EFFECTS ON SEDIMENT TRANSPORT AND RIVER GEOMORPHOLOGY ...........................................................................................6-1 6.1 DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE ......................................................................6-1
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