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Ilha Comprida Ilha Comprida edison barbieri meire de oliveira Ilha Comprida 9 7 8 8 5 6 6 8 4 4 0 9 2 edison barbieri edison meire de oliveira Município de ilha coMprida São Paulo BR 116 Pariquera-Açu Curitiba rasil BR B 116 São Paulo N Jlha Comprida SP 222 Subaúna Bairro Porto Cubatão Ponte Prefeito Laércio Ribeiro Rio Ribeira de Iguape SP 222 Iguape Valo Grande Mar Pequeno Mar Pequeno Mar de Cubatão Pedrinhas Balsa Ilha Comprida-Cananeia Espaço Cultural Plínio Marcos Rodoviária Avenida Beira Mar Icapara Estrada de Pedrinhas Cananeia Ilha Comprida Mar de Cananeia Jureia Oceano Atlântico Barra de Icapara Barra do Ribeira Velho Baia Trapandé Oceano Atlântico Barra de Ilha do Cardoso Cananeia Ilha Comprida MUNICÍPIO DE ILHA COMPRIDA Ilha Comprida Edison Barbieri PESQUISA E TEXTO Meire de Oliveira AQUARELAS 1ª Edição | São Paulo | 2015 Município de Ilha Comprida Há um universo a ser descoberto em Ilha Comprida. Ele é colorido. É encan- É preciso saber ouvi-las. É preciso desvendá-las. tador e fascinante, porque é livre. Está nas copas das árvores, sobrevoan- do os mares, está também nas praias, nas áreas alagadiças, nas matas, nos Para protegê-las, precisamos conhecê-las. quintais e em todos os lugares. H A obra Aves – Ilha Comprida representa este convite para que as pessoas É preciso saber observá-lo. É preciso conhecê-lo mais. conheçam as diferentes espécies avistadas no município, valorizem-nas e passem a enxergar a poesia e a delicadeza deste universo tão rico. Há mui- Com a sensibilidade e a delicadeza dos traços da aquarelista Meire de tas descobertas a serem feitas no voo de cada ave aqui retratada. Oliveira e o conhecimento do Professor Doutor Edson Barbieri, a obra Aves – Ilha Comprida mostra um pouco do encantamento e a vida destas aves, que Aves da Ilha também amplifica o tema avifauna para dimensões culturais privilegiam a Ilha com seus belos voos, todos os dias. e educacionais. Nas salas de aula, despertarão as novas gerações para a be- leza e a importância da avifauna da Ilha Comprida e região. Estamos certos A ilha é o lar do papagaio-de-cara-roxa. Não raro, avistam-se bandos ba- de que o maior patrimônio de um povo é o conhecimento de suas riquezas rulhentos a riscar os céus sempre que amanhece e entardece. Também é o naturais, seus ecossistemas e todos os seres que neles habitam. lar da garça-branca, da coruja-buraqueira, do gaivotão e de muitas outras espécies. A festa para os olhos vem dos guarás-vermelhos. Ao entardecer, O livro é uma obra para quem ama os animais, para quem ama a arte, a antes do pouso nas copas das árvores, eles brincam no ar. biodiversidade e a vida em todas as suas formas. E esse é também o nosso voo sem asas rumo a consolidação do turismo ecológico de observação de Fascinantes aves de todas as cores, todos os tamanhos e todos os cantos pássaros, forte vocação do município. do Planeta adornam os céus da Ilha. Pesquisas de campo indicam que no curto período de três horas, é possível avistar cerca de cinquenta diferentes espécies de aves. Meire de Oliveira Edison Barbieri Aquarelista Oceanógrafo, mestre em geografia física e doutor em oceanografia Ao aceitar o convite para ilustrar esta obra, Aves – Ilha Comprida, imediata- O livro Aves – Ilha Comprida é o resultado dos estudos que se desenvolve- mente percebi estar diante de um desafio e tanto. Como conciliar a criação ram em Ilha Comprida, nos últimos 20 anos. Desde 1992, pesquisas sobre espontânea com a incumbência de seguir, de modo estrito, a pauta científi- a dinâmica de populações e ecologia de comunidades das aves aquáticas ca proposta pelo Professor Doutor Edson Barbieri? Como manter o frescor vêm sendo desenvolvidas pelo autor. Entre 1998 a 2001 houve um vigoroso Ada aquarela e ainda priorizar o rigor que o texto exige? Como colaborar para Oapoio do município de Ilha Comprida, que possibilitou um acurado levanta- que, passando por minhas mãos, este livro fosse ainda mais útil, capaz de mento e estudo do grupo de aves aquáticas, que serviu de incentivo para apresentar o tesouro natural que a fauna de Ilha Comprida representa? colaborações com outras instituições, como Instituto de Pesca (ip), subordi- nado à Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios (apta), da Secreta- Bem, nós ilustradores seguimos uma cartilha: nossa arte se submete ria de Agricultura e Abastecimento do Estado de São Paulo (saasp), Defesa com doçura a um texto ou a um conceito, apoiando-o, legitimando-o, nunca Agropecuária (saasp) e Estação Quarentenária de Cananeia (eqc), vinculada o confrontando. E assim foi feito! ao Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (mapa). Sentada diante de tantas referências visuais e textuais, percebi-me dian- É imprescindível e urgente que se faça um guia de identificação de aves te de uma beleza e de uma nobreza que só poderiam ser descritas se eu que ocorrem nas ilhas do Estado de São Paulo, pois nada existe que preen- as louvasse com meu pincel. Decidi que “meus pássaros” se posicionariam cha essa lacuna. Este livro é a primeira tentativa de ajudar pesquisadores e estáticos para a minha pintura, sempre muito elegantes, muito dignos. Seus observadores de aves interessados no estudo da avifauna de Ilha Comprida olhos comunicariam esse instante em que cruzam com o olhar de um ser e do litoral sul do Estado de São Paulo. Nossa intenção foi elencar para co- humano que os mira com respeito, curiosidade e ternura. Assim eu os ob- nhecimento público as 50 espécies mais abundantes e fáceis de ser obser- servaria, e eles não teriam pressa alguma de voar, de se retirar de minha vadas e estudadas nos diversos ecossistemas que ocorrem na ilha. presença, pois eu estaria ali para comunicar ao mundo sua existência livre, nesse hábitat preservado, nessa Ilha Comprida tão bela e especial. Desse Entre as aves, as marinhas e estuarinas são as mais fáceis de ser obser- modo procedi, cruzando muitos dados no desejo de eternizar informações vadas, motivo pelo qual este guia apresenta a maioria das aves desses dois preciosas, a nós e às gerações futuras. grupos. No Estado de São Paulo, o estuário de Ilha Comprida é, sem dúvida, onde encontramos o maior número dessas espécies. Com uma praia de apro- Cinquenta aves, mas poderiam ser muito mais, pois este leque – ainda ximadamente 70 km de comprimento e igual dimensão do estuário, seus que representativo – apenas revela um extrato do potencial da fauna e da ambientes abrigam grandes números de indivíduos de gaivotas, trinta-réis, flora da região. Quantas texturas, quanta delicadeza, quantas nuances! Para tesourão, atobá, maçaricos, batuíras, garças, guará, colhereiros e biguás. que meus olhos não se dispersassem frente a conteúdos tão distintos, ainda Essas espécies encontram não só um ambiente propício para alimentação, que copartícipes, resolvi retratar as aves virando o papel, de “ponta-cabe- mas também extensas áreas para descanso, manutenção e procriação. ça”. E foi assim, desenhando as imagens ao contrário, que concluí o trabalho driblando minha mente da tentação de divagar sobre o que não é essencial. Meu ensejo é que esta leitura inspire a todos a divulgar, preservar, amar e respeitar as aves de Ilha Comprida. Sumário 36T opografia das aves 13 40 umário Visual Guia de Campo das 50 Espécies mais Fáceis de Ser Observadas S 44 Aves 13 Ilha Comprida 18 Componentes Biogeográficos 146 English Version 20 Composição da Vegetação 23 Animais Terrestres 181 Notas 24 Composição da Avifauna de Ilha Comprida 183 Referências Bibliográficas Guia de Campo das 50 Espécies mais Fáceis de Ser Observadas Dedico esta obra à alegria da minha vida: meu filho Erick e sua mãe, Lilian, que pro- porcionou sua existência. Ilha Comprida No extremo sul do Estado de São Paulo ocorre o recuo da escarpa da Serra do Mar, formado pela Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Ribeira de Iguape, cuja foz marca o limite norte da região estuarina-lagunar de Iguape-Cananeia e Pa- ranaguá e em cujo seio se localiza Ilha Comprida. Essa ilha possui mais de 70 km de comprimento por cerca de 3 km de largura, como mostra o mapa. Na região, ocorrem sistemas de lagunas e rios que se comunicam com o oceano por desembocaduras lagunares, as quais se denominam de sul para norte: Ararapira, Cananeia, Icapara e Ribeira, separando do continente qua- tro importantes ilhas: do Cardoso, Cananeia, Iguape e Ilha Comprida, tendo cada uma delas características geomorfológicas bem distintas. Ilha Comprida é formada pelo acúmulo de materiais arenosos e apresen- ta uma paisagem de destaque no litoral sul, todavia de grande fragilidade à ocupação antrópica intensiva. Sua vegetação é composta basicamente por restinga, mangue, brejos, dunas, praias e planície atlântica e sua fauna, por aves residentes e visitantes do hemisfério Norte e do hemisfério Sul, como Pluvialis dominica, Calidris alba, formando um frágil ecossistema onde ain- da podem ser encontradas espécies ameaçadas de extinção, como o papa- gaio-da-cara-roxa e o guará. Também residem na ilha, em seus núcleos tra- dicionais, pescadores cuja sobrevivência depende essencialmente da pesca artesanal. INTRODUÇÃO 13 O Estuário de Ilha Comprida mam os estuários. Enquadradas nesta última estão por tessler (1988) revela que 90% das amostras es- tais camadas não se formam, contudo, de maneira as circulações residuais induzidas por gradientes de tão contidas no intervalo de areia fina, secundadas natural e mecânica, como num depósito de origem O ambiente natural no qual Ilha Comprida está inseri- salinidade, ação do vento e descarga fluvial. pelas contidas no intervalo de areia muito fina (10%), geológica, porque decorrem da atividade do homem. da apresenta-se muito bem definido na conceituação apresentando boa seleção, com 80% das amostras va- Os sambaquis são registros importantes das osci- de day & yanez-arenciba (1982) para estuário: “Um riando entre bem e muito bem selecionadas.
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