University of , Zagreb, Instituto Superior Técnico, , TH Köln – University of Applied Sciences, Cologne, Germany

In cooperation with Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark American International College, Saad Al-Abdullah, Kuwait University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Graduierteninstitut NRW, Bochum , Germany Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands University of , Dubrovnik, Croatia Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Hamburg, Germany Jozef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, MASA-RCESD, , University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy American University of Ras Al Khaimah, Ras Al-Khaimah, United Arab Emirates Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Industrial University of Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK), Ankara, Turkey "Vinča" Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China

Executive organizers International Centre for of Energy, Water and Environment Systems, Zagreb, Croatia

Partners The Combustion Institute – Adria Section, Zagreb, Croatia Slovenian Association for the Club of Rome, Ljubljana Club of Rome - European Research Centre, Konstanz Mediterranean Network for Engineering Schools and Technical Universities – RMEI, Marseille, France The World Academy of Art and Science

Prof. Maria da Graça Carvalho, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon, Portugal, Chair Prof. Neven Duic, , Zagreb, Croatia, Co-chair Prof. Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Brno University of Technology - VUT Brno, Brno, Czech Republic, Co- Chair for the Central and Eastern Europe Prof. Henrik Lund, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark, Co-Chair for Northern Europe Prof. Ingo Stadler, TH Köln, Cologne, Germany, Co-Chair for Western Europe Prof. Poul Alberg Østergaard, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark Prof. Susana Boeykens, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina Prof. Mário Costa, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon, Portugal Prof. Raf Dewil, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Prof. Zvonimir Guzović, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia Dr. Şiir Kilkiş, The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK), Ankara, Turkey Prof. Soteris Kalogirou, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus Prof. Tarik Kupusovic, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Prof. Natasa Markovska, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, North Macedonia Prof. Brian Vad Mathiesen, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark Prof. Mousa Mohsen, American International College, Kuwait Prof. Simeon Oka, Institute Vinca, Novi Beograd, Belgrade, Serbia Prof. Adolfo Palombo, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy Prof. Antonio Piacentino, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy Prof. Nikola Rajakovic, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Prof. Nikola Ruzinski, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia Prof. Eduardo Serra, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro – UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Prof. Daniel Rolph Schneider, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia Prof. Rodney Stewart, Griffith University, Gold Coast City, Australia Prof. Ivo Šlaus, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia Prof. Krzysztof Urbaniec, Warsaw University of Technology, Plock, Poland Dr. Petar Sabev Varbanov, Brno University of Technology - VUT Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Prof. Qiuwang Wang, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China Prof. Jinyue Yan, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden Prof. Aleksander Zidanšek, Jozef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia

Honorary members Prof. Kemal Hanjalic, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands Prof. Vyacheslav Kafarov, Industrial University of Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia Prof. Walter Leal Filho, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Hamburg, Germany Prof. Vladimir Lipovac, University of Dubrovnik, Dubrovnik, Croatia, honorary member Prof. Jordan Pop-Jordanov, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, Macedonia Dr. Subhas K. Sikdar, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, United States Prof. Xiliang Zhang, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China

Prof. Ingo Stadler, TH Köln, CHAIR Mr. Lionel Clasing, TH Köln Prof. Neven Duic, University of Zagreb, CO-CHAIR Ms. Eva-Maria Grommes, TH Köln Prof. Zvonimir Guzović, University of Zagreb, Mr. Martin Hiertz, TH Köln Conference secretary Mr. Lukas Hilger, TH Köln Prof. Ramchandra Bhandari, TH Köln Mr. Felix Mayer, TH Köln Dr. Marko Ban, SDEWES Centre Ms. Kira Meisenzahl, TH Köln Ms. Iva Gavran, SDEWES Centre Ms. Hannah Neumann, TH Köln Ms. Marja Eisheuer, TH Köln Mr. Antun Pfeifer, University of Zagreb Ms. Danijela Španović, University of Zagreb Mr. Tobias Rehm, TH Köln Mr. Sergej Baum, TH Köln Mr. Silvan Rummeny, TH Köln Mr. Sascha Birk, TH Köln

Publisher Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, Zagreb

ISSN – 1847-7178 (digital proceedings)

Editors

Marko Ban Ralf Holzhauer Neven Duić Soteris Kalogirou Daniel Rolph Schneider Aleksandra Krkoleva Annamaria Buonomano Adolfo Palombo Francesco Calise Tomislav Pukšec Ricardo Chacartegui Agata Rosińska Maryori C. Díaz-Ramírez Ingo Stadler Valerie Eveloy Laura Vanoli Krzysztof Fijalkowski Maria Vicidomini Anna Grobelak Anna Grosser

Technical Editors Aleksandra Mudrovčić , Marko Ban

I. Šlaus , Croatia - Chairman

E. Ahmetović , Bosnia and Herzegovina; A. Ajanovic , Austria; S. Ajib , Germany; S. Alabrudzinski , Poland; A.H. Alami , United Arab Emirates; A. Alami Merrouni , Morocco; R. Aldaco , Spain; M. Alfe , Italy; W.H. Alfonso Piña , Colombia; M. Aliehyaei , Iran; M. Allam , Italy; A. Almutairi , Kuwait; A. Alouache , Algeria; M. Alsheyab , Qatar; A. Altaee , Australia; A. Altmimi , Iraq; S.R. Alwi , Malaysia; M. Amosa , Nigeria; A. Anastasovski , North Macedonia; V. Ancona , Italy; S. Aneli , Italy; A. Anić Vučinić , Croatia; S. Anweiler , Poland; E. Apaydın Varol , Turkey; O. Araujo , Brazil; P. Arocena , Spain; E. Assoumou , France; D. Astiaso Garcia , Italy; M. Aunedi , United Kingdom; A. Avami , Iran; S. Avdullahi , Kosovo; J. Avsec , Slovenia; D. Đaković , Serbia; B. Škrbić , Serbia; R. Šomplák , Czech Republic; V. Šušteršič , Serbia; N. Šuman , Slovenia; B. Švédová , Czech Republic; T. Žakula , Croatia; Z. Čepić , Serbia; R. Černý , Czech Republic; L. Čuček , Slovenia; M. Ćalasan , Montenegro; R. Ćirić , Serbia; V. Bakić , Serbia; T. Baklacioglu , Turkey; A. Baldinelli , Italy; J. Baleta , Croatia; M. Ban , Croatia; S.S. Baral , India; I. Barut , Turkey; I. Batas Bjelic , Serbia; N. Baycan , Turkey; C. Beal , Australia; T. Bešenić , Croatia; M. Beccali , Italy; J.A. Becerra Villanueva , Spain; E. Bellos , Greece; M. Berni , Brazil; D. Beysens , France; A. Bezama , Germany; R. Bhandari , Germany; L. Bilir , Turkey; J. Bogdanović -Jovanović , Serbia; S. Boldyryev , Russian Federation; A. Bonanno , Italy; M. Bonomolo , Italy; S.P. Borg , Malta; D. Bottino-Leone , Italy; P. Bozza , Italy; T.A. Branca , Italy; R.M. Brito Alves , Brazil; A. Buonomano , Italy; J.K. Calautit , United Kingdom; F. Calise , Italy; P. Canciani , Italy; P. Caputo , Italy; N. Caracciolo , Argentina; R. Carli , Italy; M. Carvalho , Brazil; B. Castellani , Italy; J. Cerezo , Mexico; G. Cerri , Italy; B. Cestnik , Slovenia; R. Chacartegui , Spain; F. Chang , Taiwan; M. Charde , United Arab Emirates; P. Charvat , Czech Republic; D. Chemisana , Spain; B.L.F. Chin , Malaysia; G. Cinti , Italy; M. Cipek , Croatia; A. Cipollina , Italy; C. Cormos , Romania; M. Correia De Oliveira , Portugal; J. Cortes Oggero , Chile; N. Cukovic Ignjatovic , Serbia; U. Cvelbar , Slovenia; D. Cvetinović , Serbia; G. Danon , Serbia; G. Davis , United States; M.C. Díaz-Ramírez , Spain; I. Džijan , Croatia; C. De Blasio , Finland; A. De Folly , Italy; A. De Pascale , Italy; S.N. De Souza , Brazil; A. Dedinec , North Macedonia; U. Desideri , Italy; M. Despotovic , Serbia; S. Di Fraia , Italy; F.B. Dilek , Turkey; C. Dinca , Romania; O. Dogerlioglu Isiksungur , Turkey; J. Domac , Croatia; D.F. Dominković , Denmark; D. Dović , Croatia; D. Drazic , Serbia; E. Dzaferovic , Bosnia and Herzegovina; A. Egusquiza , Spain; M. El Rafey , Egypt; R. El-Emam , Austria; A. Elshkaki , China; V. Eveloy , United Arab Emirates; B. Fabiano , Italy; S. Ferrari , Italy; M. Ferraro , Italy; J. Ferreira , Portugal; V.J. Ferreira , Spain; L. Fiala , Czech Republic; K. Fijalkowski , Poland; O. Filho , Brazil; V. Filipan , Croatia; S. Filipović , Serbia; R.V. Filkoski , North Macedonia; A. Flamos , Greece; K.F.S. Fong , China; D. Foo , Malaysia; V. Franzitta , Italy; F. Freire , Portugal; G. Frigo , Germany; R. Fuster , Chile; A. Gagliano , Italy; A. Galatioto , Italy; A. Galinis , Lithuania; F. Ganci , Italy; T. García-Armingol , Spain; M.T. García-Álvarez , Spain; I. Garcia Kerdan , United Kingdom; N. Gaurina-Međimurec , Croatia; A. Göllei , Hungary; M. Georgiadis , Greece; A. Gholamzadeh Chofreh , Czech Republic; A. Gianfreda , Italy; D. Giannakopoulos , Greece; A. Gimelli , Italy; A. Gomes , Portugal; F. Gonella , Italy; D. Gordic , Serbia; L. Greco , Italy; A. Grobelak , Poland; A. Grosser , Poland; F. Guarino , Italy; X. Guo , China; L. Gustavsson , Sweden; J. Guziałowska -Tic , Poland; P. Gvero , Bosnia and Herzegovina; D.L. Ha , France; A. Haddad , Brazil; S. Halilčević , Bosnia and Herzegovina; J. Hancsók , Hungary; M.I. Hassan Ali , United Arab Emirates; M. Hájek , Czech Republic; M. Hendel , France; E. Henning , Brazil; H. Henning , Germany; C. Henriques , Portugal; M. Herrando , Spain; I. Herrera , Spain; N. Holjevac , Croatia; H. Hondo , Japan; A.K. Hossain , United Kingdom; W. Huang , Taiwan; N. Hvala , Slovenia; O. Hwai Chyuan , Malaysia; N. Ibrić , Bosnia and Herzegovina; G. Iglesias , Ireland; T. Izumi , Japan; D. Jakzus , Croatia; A. Janjic , Serbia; V. Józsa , Hungary; D. Ji , China; B. Jiang , China; E.M. Jin , Korea; R. Jovanović , Serbia; V. Jovanović , Serbia; A. Jovovic , Serbia; D. Juchelkova , Czech Republic; S. Kabashi , Kosovo; M. Kacprzak , Poland; S. Kambara , Japan; S. Karellas , Greece; M. Kassai , Hungary; A. Kazagic ,

Bosnia and Herzegovina; M. Keppert , Czech Republic; H. Keskin Citiroglu , Turkey; G. Khavin , Ukraine; A. Khosravi , Finland; D. Khripko , United Kingdom; B. Kilkis , Turkey; Y. Kim , Korea; D. Klimenta , Serbia; L. Klimes , Czech Republic; J. Knápek , Czech Republic; M. Knez , Slovenia; C. Ko , Taiwan; D. Koncalovic , Serbia; K. Kontoleon , Greece; A. Korpa , Albania; R. Kovačič Lukman , Slovenia; G. Krajačić , Croatia; A. Krkoleva , North Macedonia; G. Krolczyk , Poland; J. Krstivojevic , Serbia; M. Kucbel , Czech Republic; L. Kulay , Brazil; F. Kuznik , France; G. Lazaroiu , Romania; P. Leahy , Ireland; K.T. Lee , Malaysia; S.H. Lee , Korea; A. Lefkir , Algeria; V. Lekavičius , Lithuania; Y. Li , China; C. Lin , Taiwan; T.C. Ling , Malaysia; L. Lingai , France; F. Liu , United Kingdom; G. Liu , China; X. Liu , Denmark; V. Lo Brano , Italy; D. Lončar , Croatia; J. Louis , Finland; M. Lu , Taiwan; K. Lyng , Norway; T. Ma , China; M. Majidi Nezhad , Italy; T. Majozi , South Africa; A. Makarova , Russian Federation; I. Malico , Portugal; M.L. Maloncy , Netherlands; N. Manic , Serbia; S. Manjare , India; M. Manno , Italy; A. Maraj , Albania; K. Marathe , India; L. Martinelli , Italy; B. Martinkauppi , Finland; F. Martorana , Italy; A. Marušić , Croatia; I. Mauleón , Spain; P. Maussion , France; A. Mazzei , United States; B. Möller , Germany; R. Medronho , Brazil; I. Mehrotra , India; H. Meschede , Germany; H. Mikulčić , China; J.J. Milón Guzmán , Peru; M. Mistretta , Italy; I. Mladenoska , North Macedonia; M. Moldovan , Romania; J. Mondol , United Kingdom; L. Montorsi , Italy; J. Moravcová , Czech Republic; B. Moreno , Spain; J. Moreno , Chile; M. Mori , Slovenia; M. Moser , Germany; C. Muñoz-Gonzalez , Spain; M. Muccillo , Italy; K. Mulder , Netherlands; S. Nair , Australia; B. Nakomčić -Smaragdakis , Serbia; B. Nastasi , Italy; M. Neagoe , Romania; A.M. Negm , Egypt; S. Nižetić , Croatia; M. Nikolova , Bulgaria; M. Noro , Italy; B. Norton , Ireland; R. Norvaišienė , Lithuania; M. Obrecht , Slovenia; K.Y. Oh , Korea; T. Okadera , Japan; M. Olazar , Spain; G. Oluleye , United Kingdom; M. P. Orihuela , Spain; C. Pak , Korea; T. Palander , Finland; E. Palumbo , Germany; H. Pandžić , Croatia; A. Pantaleo , Italy; E. Paris , Italy; S.K. Park , Korea; Y. Park , Korea; J. Pedraza Garciga , Cuba; Y. Peralta-Ruiz , Colombia; A. Pereira , Brazil; P. Pereira Da Silva , Portugal; T. Petkovska Mircevska , North Macedonia; Z. Petranović , Austria; S. Petrovic , Denmark; F. Pietrapertosa , Italy; C. Pirola , Italy; C. Piselli , Italy; A.L. Pisello , Italy; J.M. Ponce-Ortega , Mexico; N. Popov , Canada; S. Postoronca , Moldova; H. Pramanik , India; D.. A. Predin , Slovenia; M. Premrov , Slovenia; D. Pretolani , Italy; L. Proskuryakova , Russian Federation; M. Protic , Serbia; T. Pukšec , Croatia; M. Pusnik , Slovenia; T. Qian , Japan; S. Quoilin , Belgium; A.M. Ragossnig , Austria; B. Rajh , Slovenia; J. Ramos , Portugal; P. Raskovic , Serbia; A. Ríos , Ecuador; L. Režný , Czech Republic; A.C. Reis , Brazil; Z. Ren , Australia; O. Rezende , Brazil; F. Rinaldi , Italy; A. Riverola , Spain; G. Rizzo , Italy; J. Rodríguez Martín , Spain; A. Rodzkin , Belarus; M. Rokni , Denmark; G. Romano , Italy; A. Rosato , Italy; C. Roselli , Italy; V. Roy , France; J.E. Ruelas Ruiz , Mexico; A. Runchal , United States; E. Rusu , Romania; L. Rusu , Romania; C. Ryu , Korea South; O. Sahin , Australia; M.I.A. Sajjad , Pakistan; I. Sakata , Japan; M. Salvia , Italy; N. Samec , Slovenia; M.F. San Román San Emeterio , Spain; A. Santos De Lima , Brazil; M. Sarmento , Portugal; I. Savic , Serbia; J. Sánchez-Chóliz , Spain; H. Sözer , Turkey; A. Schönauer , Germany; J. Schmandt , United States; S. Schubert , Germany; V. Sebestyén , Hungary; R. Segurado , Portugal; M. Sellitto , Brazil; A. Siirde , Estonia; P. Silva Ortiz , Brazil; N. Simões , Portugal; S. Singh , India; M. Siroux , France; I.R. Skov , Denmark; M. Smyth , United Kingdom; J.R. Sodré , United Kingdom; V. Soldo , Croatia; V. Somogyi , Hungary; M.- L. Soran , Romania; A. Sorce , Italy; A. Soria Verdugo , Spain; P. Sorknæs , Denmark; J. Sousa , Portugal; M. Srbinovska , North Macedonia; S. Stanković , Serbia; Ž. Stevanović , Serbia; M. Stojiljković , Serbia; D. Stojiljkovic , Serbia; V. Strezov , Australia; S.A. Sulaiman , Malaysia; L. Sun , Japan; B. Sundén , Sweden; P. Swiatek , Germany; C. Sy , Philippines; M. Tańczuk , Poland; T. Tabata , Japan; J. Taler , Poland; V. Tasić , Serbia; M.D. Tenev , Argentina; A. Terelak-Tymczyna , Poland; J. Terrados Cepeda , Spain; J. Terrapon-Pfaff , Germany; A. Terziev , Bulgaria; E. Tesfamariam , South Africa; D. Testi , Italy; U.Y.A. Tettey , Sweden; J. Thakur , Sweden; G. Thomassen , Belgium; Z. Tomsic , Croatia; M. Trafczynski , Poland; M. Trajanović , Serbia; K.C. Tran - Gulbrandsen , Norway; G. Trbic , Bosnia and Herzegovina; D. Trešnjo , Bosnia and Herzegovina; M. Trninic , Serbia; L. Tronchin , Italy; A. Tskhai , Russian Federation; J. Uche , Spain; A. Ulazia , Spain; G. Unakitan , Turkey; K. Unami , Japan; A. Vakhitov , Uzbekistan; A. Valera-Medina , United Kingdom; S. Van Passel , Belgium; L. Vanoli , Italy; D. Varevac , Croatia; Z. Varga , Hungary; G. Vasic , Serbia; S. Vasta , Italy; K. Vavrova , Czech Republic; E. Vazquez , Brazil; S. Venghaus , Germany; V.K. Venkiteswaran , Malaysia; M. Vicidomini , Italy; M. Victoria , Denmark; M. Villarini , Italy; I. Visa , Romania; O. Vojacek , Czech Republic; R. Volpe , Italy; G. Vučković , Serbia; B. Vucijak , Bosnia and Herzegovina; M. Vujanović , Croatia; A. Vujanovic , Slovenia; V. Vukasinovic , Serbia; V. Vukovic , North Macedonia; M. Vulic , Slovenia; T. Walmsley , New Zealand; E. Wang , United States; F. Wang , China; J. Wang , China; Y. Wang , China; S. Werle , Poland; K. Wołosz , Poland; C. Wulf , Germany; K. Xhaxhiu , Albania; D. Xia , China; U. Yetis , Turkey;

N. Yildirim , Turkey; C. Yin , Denmark; L. Yokoyama , Brazil; F. You , United States; X. Zhang , China; D. Zivkovic , Serbia; P. Zivkovic , Serbia; H. Zou , China; P. Zunino , Italy; G.D. Zupančič , Croatia; K. Zwarycz-Makles , Poland

Cologne, the 2000-year-old city on the Rhine, is famous for its cathedral and Romanesque churches, its museums and galleries, its vitality, the carnival, and the Kölsch pubs. Cologne is one of the oldest large German cities and its name dates back to Roman times. The Romans founded the Ubii village on the Rhine in 50 AD and named it "Colonia". In the Middle Ages, Cologne was the most densely populated and one of the most prosperous towns in the German-speaking region - in particular due to the pilgrims and trade benefits that the newly introduced 'staple right' brought. With the Industrial Revolution and the incorporation of large parts of the surrounding area, Cologne became an industrial city.

During the Second World War around 90 percent of the inner city was destroyed. By the end of the War, only around 40,000 people were still living in the city area. After initial thoughts of giving up the old area, work began in 1947 to rebuild the Old Town. Post- war architecture still characterises the face of Cologne today. The Rhine metropolis is now the fourth largest German city and one of the most prominent travel destinations in Germany and Europe.

The Cologne museums rank amongst the best in the world and have enormous appeal for cultural tourism. Cologne is also becoming increasingly popular as a city of music and events. Every year the Koelnmesse is home to around 55 international trade fairs and welcomes more than two million visitors. In addition, the shopping streets, shopping arcades and a variety of restaurants have continued to attract more and more visitors over recent years.

Cologne is a lively cultural metropolis. Thanks to an extremely active and committed urban scene the city has developed into a creative hotspot. This is reflected above all in the numerous facets of design, music, art, fashion, festivals, and food.

The 15th Conference on Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems (SDEWES) is dedicated to the advancement and dissemination of knowledge on methods, policies and technologies for increasing the of development by de-coupling growth from the use of natural resources and by a transition to a knowledge- "History teaches us that men and based economy. All taking into account the nations behave wisely once they have exhausted all other alternatives" economic, environmental and social pillars of sustainable development. Abba Eban One of the main issues of the coming decades is to improve efficiencies by integrating various life-supporting systems, using excess from one, as resource in another in the correct moment. Integrating electricity, heating, cooling, transport, water, buildings, waste, wastewater, industry, and agriculture systems will be pivotal towards sustainable development.

Sustainability being also a perfect field for interdisciplinary and multi-cultural evaluation of complex system, the SDEWES Conference has become a significant venue for researchers in those areas to meet, and originate, discuss, share, and disseminate new ideas:

· Sustainability comparisons and measurements (metrics and indices; multi-criteria analysis; external costs; exergy analysis; footprint methods; emergy; life cycle analysis) · Green economy and better governance (circular economy; low carbon development/economy; resource efficiency; water reuse; jobs and regional development; macroeconomic analysis; financial and regulatory mechanisms; models and tools; rebound effect; energy economics; environmental economics; development economics; sustainability economics) · Smart energy systems (markets; demand response; integration of power, heating/cooling, transport, water and waste sectors; smart grids; dynamic electricity pricing, microgrids) · Energy policy (security of supply; climate change mitigation; energy transition; renewable energy support schemes; energy efficiency policy; employment creation; carbon pricing; markets; fossil fuel subsidies) · Smart transport systems and policy (fuel/carbon economy; transport electrification; congestion and road pricing; multimodal management; alternative fuels; social aspects; autonomous mobility; railways; shipping; aviation) · Water-energy nexus (water management; water system analysis; water pricing; water desalination; hydro energy; water-renewables integration, water resources; river basin management; arid areas)

· Environmental policy and management (waste management; wastewater "You never change things by fighting management; climate change mitigation; the existing reality. To change climate change adaptation; air pollution something, build a new model that policy; water pollution policy; land management; biomass management; makes the existing model obsolete." rewilding; social aspects; strategic Buckminster Fuller, philosopher, environmental impact assessment, futurist and global thinker (1895 - environment and corporate social responsibility, quality management 1983) systems; environment management systems; eco management and audit schemes; occupational health and safety assessment systems; hazard analysis and critical control point; integrated management systems) · Agricultural policy (energy and water use in agriculture and food processing; food vs. biofuels; sustainability of biofuels production) · Social acceptance (reform; NIMBY; nuclear; wind; biofuels; hydrogen; hidden and special interests; cost based pricing; inclusion; fossil fuel subsidy; green economy and employment; gender issues; energy poverty; energy affordability) · Sustainable resilience of systems (resilience of energy systems; resilience of water systems; resilience of environmental systems; resilience of agricultural systems; resilience of social systems; resilience of engineering systems ) · Sustainable tourism (green hotels; certification) · Urbanism (smart cities; urban planning; zoning; transport; zero energy buildings/districts; sustainable energy action plans; district heating/cooling) · Regional planning and cooperation (sustainable islands; regions and cities; 100% renewable regions) · Research, innovation and development (industry-academia partnership; quadruple helix; knowledge based society; knowledge management; learning curve; technology foresight; science diplomacy) · Education in sustainable development (governance; environmental awareness; higher education; engineering education) · Energy system analysis (energy planning; power system planning; smart energy systems; smart energy networks; natural gas system planning; 100% renewable energy systems; high penetration of renewables; island energy systems; development of energy planning tools; internalizing environmental externalities; electrification of transport; storage vs. grids vs. demand management; long term demand planning; integration of power and district heating systems; integration of power and water systems; integration of power and transport systems; power to gas) · Transport management (transport system analysis, dynamic road pricing; electrification of transport) · Renewable energy resources (biomass; hydro; wind; solar; geothermal; wave and ocean; technical and economic potentials; barriers; cost and benefits; integration) · Primary energy resources (oil peaking; gas; coal peaking; nuclear fuels) · Renewable electricity generation systems (biomass; hydro; wind; offshore wind; high altitude wind; photovoltaic; concentrated solar thermal power; geothermal; wave; tide; ocean thermal) · Thermal power plants (clean coal; combined cycles; advanced cycles; flexible operation and cycling; carbon capture and storage/sequestration/reuse; nuclear) · District heating and/or cooling in smart energy systems (integration of renewable heat; cogeneration; industrial waste/excess heat; waste to energy and CHP; power to heat;

electric boilers; heat pumps; integration of CHP with district heating and electricity markets; heat maps; distribution) · Nano and micro technologies and science for sustainable development of energy, water, and environment systems · Advanced sustainable energy conversion systems (fuel cells; thermoelectric; thermionic; organic; ORC; waste/excess heat recycling; thermoacoustic; piezoelectric) · Renewable heat systems (biomass; biofuels; biogas; solar; geothermal) · Biofuels and biorefineries (biodiesel; bioethanol; biogas; second and third generation biofuels; waste to biofuels; algae; anaerobic digestion; BTL; biorefineries; alternative fuel vehicles; infrastructure; sustainability assessment; pyrolysis; torrefaction; coproduction) · Alternative fuels (hydrogen; electro-fuels; power to gas; synthetic fuels; BTL; DME; CNG; resources; "If there are to be problems, may production; vehicles; infrastructure) they come during my life-time so · Hybrid and electric vehicles (first generation that I can resolve them and give my hybrid; plug in hybrid; charging; batteries; children the chance of a good life." infrastructure) · Water treatment for drinking water Kenyan proverb · Water desalination (distillation; reverse and forward osmosis; electrodialysis; energy recovery; discharge management) · Waste and wastewater treatment and reuse (avoiding waste; composting; recycling; waste to energy; anaerobic digestion; gasification; mechanical biological treatment; mechanical heat treatment; plasma arc waste disposal; pyrolysis; RDF/SRF; combustion modelling) · Modelling for pollution avoidance and energy efficiency (CFD models; air pollution spreading; water pollution spreading; heat and mass transfer modelling combustion modelling) · Cogeneration, trigeneration, polygeneration (heat/cold and power; water and power; biofuels and power; transport and energy; food and energy; applications and operation strategies) · Storage (heat/cold storage; hydrogen storage; hydropower as storage; pump storage; compressed air storage; batteries; water storage; biofuels storage; storage optimisation modelling; financial support mechanisms; power market arbitrage) · Electricity transmission and distribution (grid extension and robustness; long distance transmission; power quality) · Gas security of supply (diversification; shale gas; extension of transmission pipelines; LNG; Southern Corridor) · Energy and water efficiency in industry and mining (cement and lime; construction materials; glass; pulp and paper; food industry; metallurgy; chemical industry; process optimisation; kilns; boilers; heat exchange networks; pinch analysis; exergy and exergoeconomic analysis; energy audits; water use and waste minimisation; eco- innovation; total site integration; life cycle assessment; eco-design and eco-labelling; product cycle assessment; cleaner production, environmental impact assessment) · Energy efficient appliances (smart appliances; labelling and standards; user behaviour) · Buildings (nearly zero energy buildings; passive buildings; smart buildings; smart metering; ICT; load and demand side management; green buildings; building codes and standards; buildings certification; HVAC; insulation; renewables integration; heat pumps; storage; sustainable architecture)

· Energy markets (market/price coupling;

liberalisation/deregulation; modelling; demand response; role of district heating; "Then I say the Earth belongs to each desalination and water pumping; storage; retail generation during its course, fully markets; grid parity; net metering) and in its right no generation can · Emission markets (emission trading system; contract debts greater than may be cap and trade; transport participation) paid during the course of its · Political aspects of sustainable development existence" (long term planning; sustainable development Thomas Jefferson, September 6, goals; the role of political leaders and of voters; international conflict vs. sustainable 1789 development; security and sustainability; resource and political security)

In addition, acknowledging that regional coordination is the only feasible solution for gaining synergy effects for the small and only partially connected emerging energy markets of the Southeastern Europe, the Conference will address the core goals of the Energy Community and the wider region:

· Competitive integrated regional energy market (regional cooperation, market opening, price reform, regulatory framework and independence, coordination on regional projects, market coupling) · Security of supply (diversification of fuels, energy efficiency, oil and gas storages, regional emergency response, energy and water scarcity) · Climate change and environment (regional emissions reduction plans, fuel mix in power generation - renewable energy - gasification - energy efficiency, intelligent use of energy) · Infrastructure development (Mediterranean power ring, Southern Corridor, investment projects of regional interest - minimum definition criteria, investments in the gas sector, electricity interconnections, grid access and integration of renewable energy) · Social dimension (energy poverty, definition of vulnerable customers, protection schemes, stepwise phasing out of regulated energy prices, fossil fuel subsidies) · External relations in light of sustainable development (enlargement - EU neighbours, cooperation with other international organizations)

The objective of the series of conferences on Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems (SDEWES) is to provide a forum for world-wide specialists and those interested in learning about the sustainability of development, to present research progress and to discuss the state of the art, the future directions and priorities in the various areas of sustainable development. This includes the improvement and dissemination of knowledge on methods, policies and technologies for increasing the sustainability of development, taking into account its economic, environmental and social pillars, as well as methods for assessing and measuring sustainability of development, regarding climate, energy, transport, agriculture, water and environment systems and their many combinations. The reason for the forum having such a wide scope is due to the need for holistic integrated solutions encompassing several or all.

Prof. Maria da Graça Carvalho Chair of the International Scientific Committee

Prof. Ivo Šlaus Chair of the Scientific Advisory Board

Prof. Ingo Stadler Chair of the Local Organising Committee

Prof. Neven Duić SDEWES Centre President

Prof. Zvonimir Guzović Conference Secretary

Towards a Climate-Neutral Energy Supply - Pathways for the German Energy Transition and Implications for Global Developments...... 26 Roadmap for Achieving the 70 Per Cent 2030 Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Target in Denmark ...... 27 Gas-to-Liquid Hydrocarbon Production from Bio-Methane, CO2 and Hydrogen – as a Key System Integrator ...... 28

Building Integration of a PV/T System in an Energy Efficient Prefabricated Housing Unit: Active and Passive Behavior and a Life Cycle Cost Analysis ...... 32 Assessment of the Performances of a PV/T Plant Integrated on a Building Façade ...... 33 Technoeconomic Assessment of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems: Integration Options for the Egyptian Tourism Sector ...... 34 Effect of Renewable Energy Integration in the Hourly Energy Balance of a Nzeb in Mediterranean Climate During the Wintertime ...... 35 Consumer’s Wil lingness Towards Net Zero Energy Settlements and Pre-Occupancy Evaluation of Building Energy Performance in a Real Case Study in Italy ...... 36 Energy Modelling of Buildings at Urban Level: the Case-Study District of Padua University . 37 Long-Term Thermochemical Heat Storage for Household Applications: Not Such a Good Idea? ...... 38 Design and Creation of an Energy Efficient Prefabricated Housing Unit in Cyprus...... 40 An Automatic Fault Detection System for Photovoltaic Modules Using Artificial Intelligence 41 Optimising the Thickness of the Water Layer in a Triangle Solar Thermal Collector ...... 42 Experimental Investigation of a Building Envelope-Integrated, Transparent Concentrating Photovoltaic and Thermal Collector ...... 43 Analysing the Future Performance of Italian Residential Buildings: a Study of Climate Change Impacts ...... 44 Spectral Modification of Daylight for Human Circadian Health via Building Envelope Technologies ...... 45 Application of Deep Learning to the Design of Renewable Energy Systems for a Zero Energy Multifamily Building ...... 46 A Numerical Model for the Energy Assessment of a Fifth-Generation District Heating and Cooling (5Gdhc) Network ...... 47 Building to Vehicle to Building Concept: a Comprehensive Energy and Economic Analysis for European Countries ...... 48 Modelling and Simulation of Smart Building Facades Integrating Concentrating Photovoltaic/thermal Glazing Systems ...... 49

Dynamic Simulation Model for the Design and Optimization of a Novel High-Vacuum Integrated Storage Solar Water Collector ...... 50 A Novel Dynamic Simulation Approach for the Waste Heat Energy Recovery of Modern Cruise Ships Sailing in the Northern Sea ...... 51 Sustainability and Energy Self-Sufficiency in Small Islands by Renewable Energy Technologies: Dynamic Simulations and Optimization ...... 52 Dynamic Simulation for Highly Energy-Independent Communities Design: the Case Study of a Livestock Farm in the North of Italy ...... 53

Lignins from Low-Input Crops: Biomass Origin Assignment via Chemometric Data Analysis ...... 56 Heating, Ventilation, Domestic Appliances - an Integrated System Concept for the Household of the Future ...... 57 A Simultaneous Approach for Multi-Period Synthesis of Heat Exchanger Networks and Utility Systems Including Thermal Energy Storages and Selected Technologies for Waste Heat Utilization ...... 58 A Metal Hydride System for a Forklift: Feasibility Study on Portable Chemical Storage of Hydrogen Using Numerical Simulation ...... 59 Hydrogen as Energy Carrier – Techno-Economic Assessment of Decentralized Hydrogen Production in Germany ...... 60

Smart Grid District Based on the Integration of Electric Vehicles and Combined Heat and Power Generation ...... 64 Dynamic Simulation of an Anaerobic Digestion Process Coupled with Concentrating Photovoltaic and Thermal Collectors ...... 65 A Novel Approach for the Energy and Economic Analysis of Heat Metering for Residential Buildings: Dynamic Simulation and Thermoeconomic Optimization ...... 66 A Fully Renewable Energy Scenario for Island Systems: a Case Study for Sardinia ...... 67 Alternative Use of Tobacco Stems as Sustainable Biofuel ...... 68 Feasibility of an Integrated Biomass-Based CLC Combustion and Renewable-Energy-Based Methanol Production System ...... 69 A Novel Approach to Methane Production: Integration of Solar Hydrogen and Chemical Looping Gasification ...... 70 Towards Coordinated Energy Management in Buildings Using Deep Reinforcement Learning ...... 71 Analytical Models of Oscillating Water Column Systems Operating with Air Turbines in the Mediterranean Sea ...... 72 Iterative Design Improvement of CSP Integrated with Thermochemical Storage Using Exergoeconomics ...... 73

Effect of Storage Capacities on the Optimal Operation of Energy Systems ...... 74 Optimal Integration of Solar Refrigeration in Food Processing: Techno-Economic Comparison of PV, PV-T and Hybrid Solar Cooling in a Dairy Farm ...... 75 A Cogeneration System Based on Sewage Sludge Gasification ...... 76 A Novel Biomass Gasification Micro-CHP Plant: Experimental and Numerical Analysis ...... 77 Zero-Water Solar Power Plants Using Earth-Cooling Air Tunnels: an Economic Analysis..... 78 Steam Generation in the Prototypical Biomass-Fired Micro-Cogeneration System Operates According to Modified Rankine Cycle ...... 79 Performance Assessment of a Renewable Trigeneration System Based on Biomass Steam Cycle, Wind Turbine, Photovoltaic Field and Adsorption Chiller ...... 80

Environmental Risks from the Combustion of Paper Briquettes in the Local Boilers ...... 84 Pesticide Cycles in the Environment Determined by the Combustion of Biomass ...... 85 The Possibilities of Utilizing the Automatic Composters for Processing Waste from the Production of Beverages ...... 86 Respirometric Activity of Biomass Exposed to Iron Ions and Static Magnetic Field in the Treatment of Anaerobic Digester Supernatant ...... 87 The Algal Biomass as Potential Renewable Energy Source ...... 88 Anaerobic Stabilization of Sewage Sludge Sonicated and Oxidized with Fenton's Reagent .... 89 The Influence of UV Irradiation Time of PAH in Order to Obtain Reclaimed Water ...... 90 Waste Water Treatment Plant- the Biofactory; Energy and LCA Analysis of Unconventional Waste Water Treatment and Sewage Sludge Processing ...... 91 Efficiency Assessment of Municipal Landfill Leachate Treatment During Advanced Oxidation Process (Aop) with Biochar Adsorption (BC) ...... 92 Green Public Procurement of Collection and Treatment of Biowaste ...... 93 Characterization of Atmospheric Particles for the Health Impact Assessment – Record Project ...... 94 Improved Biodegradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Waste in Soils ...... 95 Cost-Benefit Analysis of Municipal Sludge as a Low-Grade Nutrient Source: a Case Study from South African ...... 96 Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Animal Manure: Possibilities and Limitations ...... 97 Effects of Silver of Nanoparticles, on Performance of Anaerobic Digestion of Sewage Sludge and Associated Microbial Communities ...... 98 Additives Aided Co-Composting of Sewage Sludge, Grass and Kitchen Waste: Influence on Process Efficiency ...... 99

Application of Pumped Hydroelectric Energy Storages for Improvement of Power System Flexibility ...... 102 Improvement of Procedures and Practices of Electricity Transmission System Operators in South East Europe to Mitigate Cybersecurity Threats ...... 103 Current State and Future Developments of the Electricity Sectors in South East European Countries ...... 104 Regional Balancing Market Integration in South East Europe ...... 105 Implementation of K-Nearest Neighbour Regression for Forecasting Electricity Demand in Power System of Republic of North Macedonia ...... 106 Dso-Tso Cooperation for Congestion Management ...... 107

Advanced Modeling of Nanofluid-Based Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) Trough Systems to Enhance Solar Heat Absorptivity and Storage ...... 110 The Cohesive Behaviour of Granular Solids at High Temperature for Solar Energy Storage.. 111 Multi-Objective Optimisation of a Residential Solar Thermal Network with Seasonal Thermal Storage ...... 112 Kinetic Study of the Carbonation Reaction of an Sro-Al2O3 Composite for Thermochemical Energy Storage ...... 113 Mgo-Stabilized CaO for Thermochemical Energy Storage via Calcium Looping: Kinetics and Cyclic Stability ...... 114 Improving the Performances of Calcium Looping for Solar Thermochemical Energy Storage and CO2 Capture ...... 115 A Novel Fluidized Bed Battery for Thermochemical Energy Storage in Concentrated Solar Thermal Technologies ...... 116 Investigation of Transparency Switching Material Polydimethylsiloxane (Pdms) – Paraffin Wax Composite for Self-Tracking Solar Photovoltaic System and Energy Storage ...... 117 Dispatchable Solar Combined Cycle from Thermochemical Energy Storage Integration ...... 118 On the Design of the Solar Field and Receiver for Cal Thermo-Chemical Energy Storage .... 119

Neutralization of Acid and Base Solutions by Reverse Electrodialysis with Bipolar Membranes: a Sustainable Way to Recover Energy ...... 122 Accelerating Sustainable and Economic Development in Europe via Industrial Energy Cooperation and Shared Services ...... 123 Chemical Recycling of Plastics Assisted by Microwave Multi-Frequency Heating ...... 124 Establishing a Multi-Purpose Biorefinery for the Recycling of the Organic Content of Absorbent Hygiene Products (Ahp) Waste in a Circular Economy Domain ...... 125 Retrofeed – Implementation of a Smart Retrofitting Framework in the Process Industry Towards its Operation with Variable, Biobased and Circular Feedstock ...... 126

Using Artificial Neural Networks for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis to Lower-Olefins Production Optimization ...... 127 Waste Glycerol Conversion to Synthesis Gas in Pure Thermal Water Vapor Plasma ...... 128 Robust Optimization of Decentralized Polygeneration Energy Systems Under Uncertainty . 129 Energy and Ecological Aspects of the Operation of Micro-CHP System with Wood-Fired Stove and Thermoelectric Generator...... 130 Bioenergy Production from Sugarcane Bagasse with and Without Carbon Capture and Storage: a Model to Assist in the Investment Decision Making of a Cogeneration Plant ...... 131 Investigation of Preparation Conditions for Ruo2 Based Catalyst for Enhancement of Activity and Stability ...... 132

Exergy Efficiency of Marine Biofuel Production from Residual Lignocellulosic Biomass Using Thermochemical Conversion Technologies ...... 133 Optimal Timing of Multiple Investment Decisions in a Wood Value Chain: a Real Options Approach ...... 134 Optimization of Electrodeposited Nickel-Zinc Alloys for Alkaline Electrolyzer with Nanostructured Electrodes ...... 135 Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis as Key for Decentralized Sustainable Kerosene Production ...... 136 Conversion of Three Different Kinds of Sludge to Fuels via Pyrolysis ...... 137

Passive Downdraught Evaporative Cooling Wind Catcher for Greenhouses in Hot Climates: Parametric Study and Influence of Neighbouring Structures ...... 138 Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Heat and Mass Transfer in an Indirect Evaporative Cooler for Hot and Dry Climate ...... 139 Pavement Albedo Influence on the Courtyard Microclimate Variations ...... 140 Investigation of the Passive Contribution of a BIPV/T Double Façade System, in the Energy Renovation of an Existing Building in Nicosia Cyprus: Α Case-Study ...... 141 Portable Iot-Sensoring System for Temperature and Air Flow Evaluation ...... 142 Ground Penetrating Radar Measurements for Cultural Heritage ...... 143

Barriers to the Diffusion of Mechanical Ventilation and Heat Recovery in the Residential Sector – Insights Offered by Diffusion of Innovations Theory ...... 144 Socio-Technical Analysis of Energy Demand Behaviour and Energy Consumption of Households Equipped with Smart Home Systems ...... 145 Reduction of Thermal Discomfort & Energy Consumption: an Ai Approach ...... 146 Evaluation of Indoor Thermal Comfort in Healthcare Buildings with Solar Radiation ...... 147 Evaluation of Thermal Comfort in French Healthcare Buildings ...... 148

Mathematical Modelling of Renewable Construction Material Properties for Green Energy- Efficient Buildings at Permafrost Regions of Russia ...... 149 Advantages of Straw-Bale in the Building Sector and a Case Study ...... 151 Evaluation of the Potential Energy Savings of a Centralized Booster Heat Pump in Front of Conventional Alternatives ...... 152 Simulation, Calibration and Energy Savings of the Refurbishment to Nzeb Concept of a Traditional Valencian Building ...... 153 Utci Improvement Quantification Inside a Courtyard Using a Shading Device ...... 154

Data Center Waste Heat Enabling Abandoning Coal in ESPoo District Heating System ...... 155 Seawater Heat Pump District Heating and Cooling System for a Mediterranean Island ...... 156 The Third Dimension: the Role of Transregional District Heat Transmission Networks in Sustainable Energy Systems ...... 157 Optimal Scheduling of Heat Generators in the District Heating Network of Verona ...... 158 Energy and Economic Analysis in Different European Climates: Comparison of Suitable Energy Efficiency Actions Fort Small Districts...... 159 Heat Demand Mapping at Local and at National Level - Case Study of North Macedonia ... 160

District Heating and Energy Efficiency Building Refurbishment: Friends or Foes? A Water- Energy NEXUS Perspective on Industrial Symbiosis Concepts ...... 161 Comparative Investigation of the Waste Heat District System and Conventional Heating Systems via Life Cycle Assessment ...... 162 Can Building Retrofits Affect the Profitability of Existing District Heating Systems? An Analysis for a Swiss District ...... 163 A Method for Automated Routing and Designing of Multi-Source District Heating Networks ...... 164 A Solar-Based Thermo-Mechanical Space Cooling Concept for Elevated Ambient Temperature Conditions ...... 165 Modelling of an Existing Neutral Temperature District Heating Network: Detailed and Approximate Approaches...... 166

Sacred Groves: Cultural Insights into Water Management ...... 167 Problems, Mistakes and Good Practices in Community Participation in Local Renewable Energy Projects ...... 168 The Value of Invisibility: Factors Affecting Willingness to Pay for Renewable Energy ...... 169 Open Innovation Processes as Drivers for Business Model Developments Enabling a Successful Energy Transition ...... 170 Willow for Landfill Leachate Remediation and Bioenergy, Is it an Effective Solution? ...... 171

Territorial Energy Vulnerability: a Broader Frame to Observe Energy Poverty. Insights from Chile ...... 172

Modelling of a Latent Heat Storage System Consisting of Encapsulated PCM-Elements ...... 173 Assessment of the Potential of Energy Storage System Application Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ...... 174 Multi-Scale Modelling of Li-Ion Batteries: from Crystallographic Structure to Safety Analyses ...... 175 Dynamic Operation of a Power to Gas System Integrated with Hydrogen Generator Supplied with Renewable Energy, Biomass Gasification and Methanation Unit ...... 176 Life Cycle Assessment of Ammonia/Methane Fuels in a Tangential Swirl Burner for Powering a Gas Turbine ...... 177 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Comparison Between New Versus Second Life Batteries ...... 178

Carbon Footprint of 1 kWh Electric Energy Produced Using Hydrogen as Fuel in a Combined Cycle in Italy ...... 179 Mini-Grids for the Sustainable Electrification of Rural Areas in Sub-Saharan Africa: Assessing the Potential of Key-Maker Models ...... 180 Sugar Alcohols and Their Eutectic Mixtures as PCM for the Flexibilization of Process Engineering Applications by Demand-Oriented Activation: Thermoanalytical and Optical Investigations of Supercooling Materials ...... 181 Neural Network-Based Prediction of Fuel Consumption of a Conventional Delivery Vehicle Based on GPS-Collected Tracking Data ...... 182

Energy Efficiency Analysis of a High Consistency Refiner in Thermo-Mechanical Pulping Process ...... 183 Thermodynamic and Finite Element Modeling of Aluminum Cells for Renewable Energy Integration ...... 184 Is it Possible to Reduce the Energy Consumption by 50 % at Existing Refinery Units: the Case Study of Hydrocracking Unit ...... 185 Ion Exchange Membrane Crystallizer for Magnesium Recovery from Seawater and Industrial Brine...... 186 Accuracy of Household Size Low Cost Energy Loggers ...... 187 Boosting the Heating Appliances Stock Renovation Through the Labelling of Old Appliances ...... 188

LNG Trade and the Energy Transition ...... 189 Solar Prosumers in the German Energy Transition: a Multi-Level Perspective Analysis of the German ‘Mieterstrom’ Model ...... 190

Exploring Determinants of Eu’s Energy Security: a Dynamic Panel Data Approach ...... 191 Representing Energy Policy Analysis Research: a Morphological Analysis Framework ...... 192 Energy Policy in 5D: How Germany Can Regain its Role as a Pioneer in Energy Policy ...... 193

Combining Global Megatrends and the Energy Transition on the Local Level - Insights from North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany) ...... 194 Challenges for Achieving Low Emission Regional Bus Transport: Insights from a Location Optimization Study ...... 195 Mapping Political Economy for Off-Grid Electrification in East Africa: a Framework to Distinguish Between Private and Public Provision ...... 196 Valorisation of Biodegradable Plastics Through Anaerobic Digestion : Performance and Microbial Communities ...... 197 Review of Model-Based Electricity System Transition Scenarios for Switzerland ...... 198

Ennshafen Case Study – Insights into Real-Life Industrial Energy Cooperation Development ...... 199 Decomposing the Inequality of Household Electricity Consumption...... 200 Regional Energy Transition: an Analytical Approach Applied to the Slovakian Coal Region 201 Qualitative and Quantitative Analyses of Introducing Renewable Energy in a Remote Island: a Case Study of Tsushima Island, Japan ...... 202

Energy Transition in Highly Rich Coal-Based Energy System ...... 203 Three Stages in the Co-Transformation of the Energy and Mobility Sector ...... 204 Annual Heat Demand Curve and Extension Analysis of District Heating System ...... 205 Supply Side Management of Wind and Solar PV ...... 206 Flexibility Options to Tackle Intermittency in the Energy Systems with High Share of Renewable Energy ...... 207 Design and Analysis of 100% Renewable Energy System for Akita Prefecture, Japan ...... 208

Vpplib - a Tool for Analysing Virtual Power Plants in Distribution Grids ...... 209 Investigation of Synergies Between Water and Energy Sectors in North, East and Central African Power Pools – Soft Linking Between the Dispa-Set Model and Lisflood and Temba Models ...... 210 Assessment of the Impact of Selected Parameters and Optimisation of the Methanation System Operation in a Hybrid Power-to-Gas Installation ...... 211 Estimation of Multi-Cylinder Engine Process Variabilities ...... 212 The Role of Demand Response in the Future Renewable Northern European Energy System ...... 213

Techno-Economic Analysis of a Power-to-Gas Storage System Based on High Temperature Co- Electrolysis and Methanation ...... 214 Analysis of Patterns of Optimal Battery State-Of-Charge Trajectories for Blended Regime of a Parallel Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle and a Wide Range of Driving Conditions ...... 215

Increasing Renewable Energy Integration – Scenario Analysis for Turkey and its Islands ... 216 Flexibility Options for Enhanced Use of Electricity from Renewable Energy Sources – a Qualitative Study on Two Regions in Germany ...... 217 Integration of Energy Storage Systems Based on Transcritical CO2 ...... 218 Investigation of Rural Off-Grid PV System with Electric-Mobility Solutions Using Matlab / Simulink Carnot Toolbox ...... 219 Planning of Sustainable and Stable Micro Grids for Ghanaian Hospitals with Photovoltaics ...... 220 Efficient Modeling and Simulation of Long-Distance Gas Transport Networks with Large Amounts of Hydrogen Injection ...... 221

Estimation of Fuel Cell Health Based on Ukf ...... 222 Energy Efficiency Analysis and Benchmark in Grocery Stores: Results of a Short-Term Sub- Metering Measurement Campaign ...... 223 Renewable Energy and Scottish Islands Interconnections: Impact on the Whole UK Electricity Network ...... 224 Assessment of Climate Change Mitigation Potential of the Kosovo Energy and Transport Sector ...... 225 Reducing Carbon Mitigation Costs of Biogas Fuelled Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: an Impact of New Business Models ...... 226 Production of Synthetic Natural Gas and Utilisation of Heat from the Methanation and Compression Processes Within the Local Industrial Infrastructure ...... 227

Comparative Analysis of a Traditional Masonry Chimney Through Energy Performance and CFD Analyses to Assess the Indoor Comfort Conditions ...... 228 Investigating Electricity Generation by Analysing Influential Factors in the Greek Electricity System in 2030 ...... 229 Forest Conservation Through Energy Transition a LEAP Based Mali Case Study...... 230 Solving the Riddle of Energy Transition: Renewable Electricity for Heat and Renewable Gas for Transport ...... 231 User Preferences on Home Energy Management Systems – a Study of Potentials for the Use of End User Flexibilities ...... 232 Development of City Scale Times-Series Electricity Demand Model Using Data Fusion and Spatial Interpolation Method: Case Study in Bogor City, Indonesia ...... 233 Electricity Utilities in European Stock Markets and Renewables ...... 234

Comparison of Efficiency for Water Utilities with Respect to Increasing Importance of Environmental Standards ...... 235 The Intricate Multi-Level Landscape of Climate Change Planning: a Review of the Italian Case ...... 236 Climate Change Mitigation in European Mediterranean Cities ...... 237 Integrated Management of Risks Associated to Production Waste: an Italian Case Study ... 238 Uncovering the Effects of Various Micro Socioeconomic Factors to Global Carbon Emissions Using Rough Sets Modeling ...... 239 Monitoring of Urban Area in Terms of Pollution by Particulate Matters ...... 240

Achieving SDG7 from a Complex Good Perspective – the Case of Technical Standards ...... 241 Can We Build Them from Scratch? Viability of Municipal Retail Companies in Spain ...... 242 Renewables – to Build or Not? Czech Approach of Impact Assessment of Renewable Energy Sources with an Emphasis on Municipality Perspective ...... 243 Cultivation of Isolated Sicilian Microalgal Species in Salt and Temperature Stress Conditions for a Regional-Based Microalgal Industry ...... 244 Comparative Study of Medium Chain Fatty Acids Potential Production of Different Age of Leachate Samples Through Chain Elongation Process with Different External Electron Donor ...... 245 Screening and Mitigating Major Threats of Regional Development to Water Ecosystem: with Ecosystem Services as Endpoints ...... 246 Analysis of Economic and Environmental Benefits for Land Fallowing Policy in Beijing-Tianjin- Hebei Region ...... 247

Life Cycle Assessment of Prospective Sewage Sludge Treatment Paths ...... 248 Enhanced Fly Ash Use in Concrete: Ex-Ante LCA on an Emerging Electro-Mass Separation Technology...... 249 Environmental Performance Analysis for an Alternative Route for the Synthesis of Acetic Acid ...... 250 Comparative Environmental Impact Assessment of Heat Pumps with Gas Boilers and Scenario Analysis Towards a Circular Economy in the UK ...... 251 Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Two Hot-Dip Galvanization Plants Located in Spain ...... 252 Life Cycle Assessment and Indoor Environment Quality of Wooden Family Houses ...... 253

Development and Adaptation of the Technology of Air Biotreatment in Trickle-Bed Bioreactor to Automotive Painting Industry ...... 254

Computational Fluid Dynamics Model of Hydrogen Production from Water Reforming of Glycerol ...... 255 Modeling of Energy Efficiency and Rotation Effects in the Continuous Process of Ceramic Frit Melting with Microwave Heating ...... 256 Semi-Automated Dynamic Process Modeling Using Evolution and Modelica...... 257 Effect of Combined Hole on Particle Deposition in a Turbine Cascade ...... 258 Relationship of the Combustion Characteristics of Nature Gas/Hydrogen Mixtures with the Ion Current in Turbulent Environments ...... 259

Prediction of Force Evolution over Cycle for a Lithium-Ion Battery with Phenomenological Modeling and Multivariate Gaussian Process Regression Fusion ...... 260 Perspectives on the Transition to Carbon-Neutral Electricity Systems in the Baltic Sea Region ...... 261 Performance of Zeolite and Ceramsite Assisted Bioretention for Cu Contaminated Urban Stormwater: a Microbial-Heavy Metal Interaction Study ...... 262 Reduction of Air Pollution Through an Alternative System of Waste Collection: the Introduction of an Underground Waste Container System ...... 263 CFD Modeling of Sorption Enhanced Water-Gas Shift Process in Monolith Reactors...... 264

Performance Estimation of Bifacial PV Systems Using the View Factor Matrix ...... 265 Optimal Technology for Biomass and Solar Power Plants for Electricity Production and Desalination in Brazil ...... 266 Life Cycle Assessment of Waste-to-Energy Technologies ...... 267 Analysis of a Novel Improved BIPV/T Roof Tile Design ...... 268 Modelling Fiscal Changes for the Electricity Sector Using a Disaggregated Computable General Equilibrium Model for Spain ...... 269 Modelling a Gasifier with Homer for the Simulation of Off-Grid Hybrid Renewable Energy Microgrids ...... 270

Can a Combination of Efficiency Initiatives Give Us “Good” Rebound Effects? ...... 271 Network Analysis Supported Mapping of the Environmental Impacts of Renewable Energy Sources: a Review-Based Approach ...... 272 Dynamic Simulation of a Biomass Gasification Chcp Plant for Different Users ...... 273 Thermogravimetric Analysis of Different Solid Biomass Fuels and Corresponding Emission of Sub-Micron Particles ...... 274 The Impact of Selected Factors on Biochemical Methane Potential of Sewage Sludge as Well as Mixtures Thereof with Grease Trap Sludge ...... 275 Co-Digestion of Food Waste for Sustainable Energy Production and Waste Management in Nepal ...... 276

Experimental Examination of Shrouded Horizontal Axis Hydrokinetic Turbine for Marine Current Application ...... 277 Limitations of PV in Ghana ...... 278 Increase of Efficiency of a Heat Supply Steam Turbine by Integrating Res: a Study Analysis of T-100/120-130-3 Steam Turbine Installed in Te-To Zagreb District Heating Plant ...... 279 Unsteady Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation of the Drying Chamber of an Indirect Solar Dryer for Cocoa Beans ...... 280 Evaluation of the Energy Autonomy of Urban Areas as a Tool to Advance the Renewable Energy Transition ...... 281 Analysis of Solar Power Integration into an Energy-Intensive Industrial Facility...... 282

Concentrating Solar Power: a Global Overview and the Potentiality in Brazil for Electricity Generation ...... 283 Analytical Relationship Between the Electrical Parameters of the PV Array and External Factors Based on the W - Lambert Function...... 284 Evaluation of the Solar Photovoltaic Generation Potential of a District in the City of Valencia ...... 285 The Impact of Time-Dependent Power Grid Efficiency on a Solar-Assisted Heat Pump System Coupled with Electric Vehicle ...... 286

A System Analysis of Hybrid Solar Ptc-Cpv Absorber Operation ...... 287 Preparation and Thermophysical Property Analysis of Nanocomposite Phase Change Materials for Energy Storage ...... 288 Unsteady-State Thermal Performance of Vacuum Tube Solar Water Heaters: Design and Analysis ...... 289 Thermal Performance Analysis of a Plate Heat Exchanger Filled with Ferrofluids Under a Magnetic Field ...... 290 Exergy-Rational Storage and Utilization of Renewable and Waste Energy Sources...... 291

Classification of Dwelling Characteristics Using Machine Learning Algorithms Based on Smart Meter and Weather Data ...... 292 Quality of Flexibility for Demand Response ...... 293 Flexible Fog Computing Architecture for Smart Microgrids ...... 294 Framework for Automation of Aggregator Based Flexibility in Buildings ...... 295 Electric-Rickshaw Charging Stations as Distributed Energy Storage: an Option for Integrating Intermittent Renewable Sources in Local Grids in Semi-Urban and Rural Areas in Developing Countries ...... 296

CO2-Storage or Oil Savings? A Trade-Off-Analysis of Drivers of Carbon Capture and Utilization Technology Acceptance ...... 297 But Is it Toxic? Laypeople’s Risk Perception and Evaluation of the Toxicity of CO2 -Based Fuels ...... 298 Hydrogen in Future Energy Systems: Social Acceptance of Technology and Large-Scale Infrastructure ...... 299 Risky, Harmless, or In-Between? Comparing CCU Risk Perception to the Benchmark of Eight Energy Technologies ...... 300 Expenditure-Based Indicators for Measuring Energy Poverty – Sensitivities and Analyses .301 Cost-Benefit Analysis of Electric Vehicles for Policymaking in the Philippines ...... 302

The Effects of Environmental Performance on Competitiveness: a Stochastic Frontier Approach ...... 303 Data-Driven Comparative Analysis of National Adaptation Pathways for Sustainable Development Goals ...... 304 The Awareness of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) on the Republic of North Macedonia ...... 305 Integrating Techno-Sustainability Indicators – a Decision Making Analysis ...... 306 Exergy Analysis of Offshore CO2 Rich Natural Gas Conditioning Using Supersonic Separator ...... 307 Development and Implementation of a Decision Support Expert System for Monitoring Sustainability-Related Competences at the Secondary School Level...... 308

A Novel Multicriteria Index for the Development of Decentralised Food Production and Food Loss and Waste Management Policies: a NEXUS Approach ...... 309 Design Space Representation for Multi-Criteria Decision Making in Energy- and Resource Efficient Industrial Building Design ...... 310 Comparative Techno-Economic and Exergetic Analysis of Gasification Technologies ...... 311 Energy and Sustainability Analyses of Natural Gas Liquefaction via Conventional and Supersonic Separator Routes ...... 312 Low-Emission Gas-to-Wire from Natural Gas with Carbon Dioxide: Investment and Sustainability Analyses of Onshore and Offshore Configurations ...... 313 Access to Energy as Enabler of Sustainable Development ...... 314

Energy, Carbon and Water Content Analysis of Brazilian International Trade ...... 315 Building Sustainably: the Project Manager’s Contribution in Delivering Sustainable Projects. A Maltese and International Perspective ...... 316 Introducing a De-Growth Factor to the Circular Economy Policies of Food Production and Flw Management: Towards a Spiral Bioeconomy ...... 317

Policies for a „Just Transition“ Governance – Case Study in the Rhenish Lignite Mining Area ...... 318 Economic Assessment Tools for CO2 Utilization Technologies: a Quantitative Review ...... 319 Towards a More Realistic Cost-Benefits Analysis - Attempting to Integrate Transaction Costs and Energy Efficiency Services ...... 320

Exergy Analysis of Heating Systems in the Context of the Energy Transition Towards Decarbonization ...... 321 Modeling of Spatio-Temporal Features of the State of the Novosibirsk Reservoir Ecosystem ...... 322 The Development of Strengths and Weaknesses in the Sustainable Operation of Micro- Hydropower Plants in Nepal: a Project Process Analysis ...... 323 Real-World Experiment of an Island Operation of a Medium-Voltage Utility Grid with a Large Battery as an Emergency Option ...... 324 Circular Economy in the Metallurgical Industry: an Environmental Assessment of Innovative Processes for Waste and Energy Recovery ...... 326

Modelling of a CSP-Pv Hybrid Plant for CO2 Capture and Utilization via Calcium Looping and Sabatier Reaction ...... 327 Low-Carbon Emissions from a Power Plant Firing CO2-Rich Natural Gas: Technical, Environmental and Economic Assessment ...... 328 Novel Ionic-Liquid Pre-Combustion Capture with High-Pressure Stripping for Gas-to-Wire via Dry Autothermal Reforming ...... 329 Design of a 10 kWth Carbonator Pilot Reactor for Thermochemical Energy Storage Applications with Calcium Looping ...... 330 Numerical Modelling of the Flow in an Organic Rankine Cycle Small Axial Turbine with Partial Admission ...... 331

A Multi-Objective Optimization Model for Solid Waste Management Systems Integrating Waste-to-Energy Decisions ...... 332 Influence of Ultrasonic Field Parameters on the Biochemical Activity of Leachates from the Composting Process ...... 333 Household Organic Waste Recovery as Key Element for a Circular Economy ...... 334 Sludge Stabilization Process, Drying Depth and Polymeric Material Addition: Implication on Nitrogen Content, Selected Chemical Properties and Land Requirement in Sand Drying Beds ...... 335 Terahertz Technology for the Characterization of Waste Materials in Construction ...... 336

Red Mud as Coagulant to Recover Phosphorous from Wastewater ...... 337

Effect of Secondary Raw Material from Red Mud and Other Waste on Test Plants ...... 338 Sulfite Removal from Flue-Gas Desulfurization Wastes of Coal-Fired Power Plants: Oxidation Experiments and Kinetic Parameters Estimation ...... 339 Performance Evaluation of Disinfection Process of Treated Wastewater Using Ozone ...... 340 Use of Acidithiobacillus Thiooxidans and Acidithiobacillus Ferrooxidans in the Recovery of Heavy Metals from Landfill Leachate ...... 341

Optimal Design of Industrial Cooling Power Infrastructure: a Screening Curve Approach .. 342 Water Security: Supporting Urban Resilience Through the Analysis of Heat Transitions .... 343 Analysis of Water Environment on the Production of Floating Photovoltaic Plants ...... 344 Sustainable Operation: Developing a Training Concept for an Energy-Water-Food System in St. Rupert Mayer, Zimbabwe ...... 345 Assessment of the Water Footprint for the European Power Sector During the Transition Towards a 100% Renewable Energy System ...... 346 A Tool for Assessing Economic Incentives for Renewable Energy-Driven Desalination Applied to Aruba ...... 347

Feasibility of Hybrid Desalination Plants Coupled with Small Gas Turbine CHP Systems ... 348 Impact of National Legal Frameworks on Implementation of Small-Scale Hydro Electricity Plants (SHP) in Europe ...... 349 Consumptive Water Footprint Dynamics of Electricity Generation in the National Electricity Market (Nem) Region of Australia ...... 350 A Comprehensive Framework on the NEXUS Between Water and Energy Insecurity: Conceptualization, Evidence from Latin America and Governance Challenges ...... 351 The Impact of Drought on the Domestic Water Security of the Chilean Population, in the Context of Climate Change: a Fuzzy-Logic Approach ...... 352

Gamma Irradiation Effects on Chemical Composition ,microbial and Structural Properties of Red Pepper ...... 353 Implementing Collective Energy Schemes: Suggestions for the Italian National Legal Framework on Energy Communities ...... 354 Enabling Energy Transition in Africa from a Policy Perspective: What are the Determining Socio-Economic Drivers? ...... 355 What the Reclaimed Water Use Can Change: from a Perspective of Inter-Provincial Virtual Water Network ...... 356 Quantification of Coordination Degree Between Dianchi Lake Protection and Social-Economic Development: a Scenario-Based Analysis ...... 357

Abstract

Recent ”Green deal” of includes the decision to become carbon neutral and even carbon-negative region in order to tackle the climate crisis. Such decision includes energy transition from energy production based on fossil fuels to the system based on variable renewable energy sources. Main technical challenge and a key factor in the techno-economic analysis of the energy system of the future, based on variable renewable energy sources, is their variable production. In order to deal with this problem in long-term energy planning, different approaches have been tried, focusing on overcapacity, storage capacities and sectors coupling with heating and transport. In this research, different flexibility options, storage and demand response technologies are modelled on several levels of energy systems: national, regional and continental. With the case study area including all EU countries modelled in EnergyPLAN model, the goal of the research is to show how each flexibility option influences the production capacities of renewable energy source technologies, storage technologies and demand response in order to reach a certain share of renewable energy in final energy consumed. Climate differences were taken into account for modelling of the behaviour of flexibility options, which is shown to be relevant for the creation of their representative curves. Representative curves are created as functions of critical excess electricity produced and share of renewable energy integrated into the system. Results show representative curves of most relevant flexibility options for several regions of EU and for the whole EU as one region. These results are further discussed in terms of strategic decisions addressing the dynamics of integration of such technologies, i.e. deciding on the priority of their integration in the energy system of the region in consideration. Results of research can be applied for integrated assessment models, in long-term planning of energy transition towards carbon-negative energy systems.