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t:l:l:!:l:i:l:l:3:l:l':l:li:l:l i :3:3f:3:!:3:3:!:3:3'i'.3..!.3, 11111:;;3:;:;1ç;:;1 THE UNIVEI3SITY OF'I(ANSAS

)SCIENCE BULLETIT{

Systematics and Phylogeny of the Anthophorine Bees (Hy*enoptera: Anthophoridae; Anthophorini)

By Robert Iry. Brooks

Vol.53, No.9, pp.436-575 September 30, 19BB i v I t F r I E L^ t i ; t. ?

É. To I I ProfessorCharles Duncan Michener

this study is dedicated in anticipation of the aa I fl occasionof his seventiethbirthdav 22 September19BB : his retirement ; and F 1., from the departmentsof Entomology and Ecology r;. and Systematics 18 Mav 1989

!': l+ THE UNIVERSITY OF I(ANSAS SCIENCE BULLETIN Vol. 53, No. 9, pp. 436-575 September30, 19BB

Systematics and Phylogeny of the Anthophorine Bees (Hymenoptera: Anthophoridae; Anthophorini) Ronnnr W. Bnoors

CONTENTS

Introduction +39 Acknowledgem;;,; :::: +39 Historical Review . ++0 Methods. ++0 Characters Employed. ++2 Tribe Anthophorini . . ++7 Unplaced Species . 450 Anthophorini incertae sedis . . 450 K.y to Genera of the AnthoPhorini 450 Genus Anthophora Latreille 450 Kty to Subgenera of AnthoPhora. . 4s3 Subgenus Anthophora Latreille s. str. +57 Pyganthophora new subgenus 460 Lophanthophora new subgenus +6+ Mystacanthophora new subgenus +66 Caranthophora new subgenus +70 Subgenus Paramegilla Friese +70 Subgenus Melea Sandhouse. +76 Subgen us AnthophoroidesCockerell and Cockerell 478 Subgen us Anthomegilla Marikovskaya . . . 481 Rhinomegilla new subgenus +82 Petalosternonnew subgenus +B+ Daslmegilla new subgenus . 486 Subgenus C/asodon Patton . 486 Subgenus HelioPhila Klug . ..489 Anthophora incertae sedis . . +96 Genus Amegilla Friese ..+96 K"y to Subgenera of Amegilla 498 Zebramegilla new subgenus 502 Subgenus Amegilla Friese s. str. 504 Dizonamegilla new subgenus 505 Megamegilla new subgenus 505 Subgen us Aframegilla PoPov 506 Ackmonopsis new subgenus 508 Micramegilla new subgenus 508 Subgenus Zonamegilla PoPov . . 510 Notomegilla' new subgenus . 511 Glossamegilla new subgenus . 5t2 'opo{otqog snue8 leluar.ro pue rrpr"Ioq ^ ou âql repun pezrurduou(s 'seureu st sts(otot1(u.gsnue8 eql uortrppg uI cgrcads ot xepû u" pu" .rurpodorqell pue rurroqdoçuy 3o sarcedsqnspue sercedso1 paqdde ueeq e^"q reqr seurcu I[e jo rsq " r*r,ro -uds ivrou l(urduouroq pazru8ocer d1ir,leuro3 g xrpueddy pue ,suorleuEtsep cràd1oeu pue crddlopal 'pepnlcur ro3 7 xrpueddy eog sr sdnor8 crraue8qnsJo uorssnrsrp 'sle^âl '[€qul lecrqde.r8oeE-orq V cr.reuotqns pue crreue8 eql 1z uezrrEare sdrqsuorl€ler Jr]srp€IJ elqeqord 'Nuotmor! 'v 'y 'ouo{uotuou 'v 'oxopon( çopo4oroyV) puv otzporrl{o(a(opo(otosy) çollOauroAaya) 'y .V ,!ttl, .V ,Htult{a1 .V (o17.t&zuo4{fl @lpflauo{y) ,rrplwrpi* 3oryqot 'y 'stsuapaac{ot @pÊawossolg) (,oru8auotc1l,tt) (oplawo.rct7,tg)'y 'saptouotsuoc(opûauntnyg) o11ûawylwuostuopo 'y 'yauatlcltu 'v 'onaol 'y 'ixomurifs (nrot1fuqruafi(4) (rfirtdolttq1 @rttdoqau) (orotldotltuorop) 'v 'lurtloq 'v (ototlfutltuorwt[w) 'nsuawotloq (onq(otltuocott(w) 'v 'n1\acot1d(stptotoqtlotlruf) '7 'o\ouîts 'En1y (sapu.rotldotltuy)ototldotltuy eæ peqrrrsap sarcedsr*a1q o1tr1{ouag5o ruduouds € se_flereTro 3 ototl(otlluottzw pue eseug o1\ûawznd lo urduouds e se peceld sr ede1smo4rul41 'sarcads r1ûaunlog'(8.U prr€ uosrlcrrg olcunnbsasryfÊtry ed/.'t)opÊawouozNepue (r"tl.iâar1 'sercads ouaîzqloototl{otltuy adÂ1)o1pîawo.tqa7 '(rltrutg 'g osou7ru,aoototl{otltuy .sarcedsedIl) '\'1p1a o113autgto17 oqu@ovw ototl{otltuy'serceds ed,K1)opûaunssqg '(esar.rgogoanru ototl(orpuV 'setceds edl't) olrïauto.ol7tg'(1p1g owaptu.tut ototl{ot1\uy 'sercads ed,l,1)ns{ouowTcv ,(ql, srîtt?DteD.sr@'serceds ed/'1) oytflzutoîa7tg:lv.reu ere ue^âs qcrr{/r^Jo ereueEqns 11 yo slsn.ro- onQ *V (Z) prr" ('sser3 Dutluow o.rot1{otltuy'sarceds ad/'1) ototl{otlluoco4s{741'(da1 p.tno{np olor1(otltuy'sorcedsed1,1) uotlfutltuotop '(1p13 ouztluoflawotorl(orpuy'sarceds ad^t) ottt7awouitti '({?T!trna Dlqnrmaupûnbsldv 'sercads adl't) opt7tw(mg '(zeæ1 ototldotltuy ,sorcads '(lVlC !îailoay addl) uou4sqqtd m.rayo( otmldot\tuy ,serceds ad/,t) oror1fut1tuot1do7,(1 onnt sldy 'serceds adf,1)ototldorltuoâf,4;neuâr" ueÂâsSuru,o11og ern grll,rvt5o e,reue8qns stsrsuoc 'pezru8oce.r tI Jo ototl{otltuy (1) oru ereueS crleldqdouour orr-1,'pet"rtsnlg sernl"eJ pcl8oloqd.rour 'peqrrcsep 'sr(e1 luaurued pue Po$q ere sarcadspapnlJur e.re dq paleredes e.reereueEqns pue 'pef\er^eJ "reuec e.rerur.roqdoqtuv aqr4 uelllodoursoc âr{l Jo e.raueEqnspue eraueE eqa JCVtrJSSV

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Nrrsl-rnfl scNsrDS svsNvx do ^rrsus^rN.[I sHJ Bffi SysrpvrATrcs AND PHyrocENy oF THE ANtHopHoRrNB BsBs +39

INTRODUCTION Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden, who allowed me to stay in his home and study his fine collection of anthophorine and This study provides a classification bees. I will remember him for his painstaking and proposes a phylogeny for the genera and beautifully illustrated works on bees and for the many subgenera of anthophorine bees. The tribe warm interesting discussions in his garden. I wish to Anthophorini, worldwide in distribution, thank Yu. A. Pesenko of the Zoological Institute of Leningrad for his help in establishing the status of considered here to include only two and Anthophorabactriana Popov and A. pubescenslabronigro genera, Anthophora and Amegilla, is distin- Lebedev. guished from other Anthophorinae by three Mick C. Day of the British Museum (Natural His- submarginal cells, the first recurrent vein tory) and Astrid Loken of the Zoological Institute of Blindern, Norway, brought to my attention many over- meeting the posterior margin of submarginal looked details concerning the identity of Apis aceraorum with cell 2 near its midpoint, the forewing Linneaus. simple aJar papillae, the second abcissa of I am grateful to Lorraine Hammer of the Electron vein M + Cu of the hind wing subequal in Microscope Facility of the University of Kansas for the microscope. length to the cu-v crossvein, and the elon- opportunity to use the scanning electron I am indebted to the following collectors and mu- gate, narrow gonostylus (if present) never seum curators who have generously lent material: C.J. Habro- flattened and paddle shaped. The van Achterberg*, Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Histo- podini consisti.g of Deltoptila, Elaphropoda, rie, Leiden, The Netherlands; A. V. Antropov, Zoo- Habropoda (: EmQhoropsis rr. syn.), Habro- logical Museum of Moscow, U.S.S.R.; P. Arnaud and Academy of Sciences, San phorula and Pachymelus, and formerly in- W. Pulawski, California Francisco; R. Ayala,Instituto de Biologîa, México; C' in Anthophorini, are as distinct cluded the Baroni-urbani*, Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel, from the Anthophorini as the Emphorini are Switzerland; G. E. Bohart and F. D. Parker, Bee from the Eucerini. Biology and Systematics Laboratory Utah State Uni- and Chemical Anthophorine bees are mainly xerophilic .rersity,Logan; G. R. Brown, Biological ResearchInstitute, Rydalmere, Australia; C. Besuchet, and abundant in Mediterranean climates. Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Geneva, Switzerland; J. over Among the North American species C. Cardale, Australian National Insect Collection, 90% occur in the dty southwest. In the Old cslRo, canberra; H. V. Daly, IJniversity of califor- World, where most anthophorine bees occur, nia, Berkeley; C. Darling (presently at the Royal Toronto, Canada) and W' P' the most speciose area is the Mediterranean Ontario Museum, Stephen, Oregon State LJniversity, Corvallis; E. Diller, L+ subgenera of Anthophora Region. Of the ZoàlogischeStaatssammlurrg, Munich, West Germany; eight are found in the New World; only one M. Dylewska, ZoologischesInstitut, Polska Akadernia is restricted to that area. They are scarce in Nauk, Krakow; G. C. Eickwort, cornell university, Else*, British Museum tropical forests but are often found in trop- Ithaca, New York; G. R. (Natural History), London; M. Fischer*, Naturhis- ical montane environs. Amegilla is strictly iorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria; S. Frommer and Old World and flies in the summer, while Riverside; Y' J.-Hirashima, C. Hall, University of California, Anthophora is worldwide in distribution and Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; the commonly flies in the sPritg. late P. D. Hurd, J.. and R. J. McGinley* (McGinley was formerly of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts),National Museum of Nat- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ural History Washington, D.C.; A. Jansson, Zoo' I am sincerelygrateful to CharlesD. Michenerof the logiska Museum, tlniversity of Helsinki, Finland; J. University of Kansas,who providedencouragement, Càsevitz Weulersse and the late S. Kelner-Pillault*, guidance,stimulating discussion and aid throughout Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris; F. and painstakingly read the manuscript. I am also Koch*, Museum fur Naturkunde, Humboldt-univer- gratefulto GeorgeW. Byersof the university of Kansas sitât, Berlin; J. Kopelke, Forschungsinstitut Sencken- for his aid and thoroughreading of the manuscriptand berg, Frankfurt; w. E. LaBerge, Illinois Natural for his help in translatingRussian. Hisiory Survey, Urbana; thç late M. A. Lieftinck*, Leiden, The Special thanks are extended to George R. Else of the formerly of the Rijksmuseum Museum, Petersen, Zoologisk British Museum (Natural History) for his help during Netherlands; O. Lomholdt* and B. L. Masner and H' my visit to the British Museum, for opening his home to Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark; Ottawa, On- me and providing enjoyable field excursions. Also my Goulet, BiosystematicsResearch Institute, Texas A&M University, sincere appreciation to Donald B. Baker for his work in tario, canada; s.J. Merritt, and G' W' Byers, the bee collection of the British Museum (Natural College Station; C. D. Michener R. M. Murillo, cole- History) which helped me sort out many difficult species university of Kansas, Lawrence; México; G' M' as well as discover the identity of some Walker and gio de Postgraduados, Chapingo, Hawaii; Nurse types. Thanks and appreciation also go to the late Nitftiau, Bishop Museum, Flonolulu, J' Institut, Ebers- Maurits A. Lieftinck, formerly of the Rijksmuseum van Oehlke, Deutsches Entomologisches 'rurpodorq"H 'sqdertered -13 ruoJJ perpn}s ere/v\sadda luanb Pu? rurrorldoqluv eql ur sarreds pâqrrssep -esqns aql uI pepnlcul ere rurpodo-rq?H eqr 'eglrt ar{l Jo %06 re^o ââs 01 elqs uâeq a^?r{ pu? eroJeraqJ al8urs e s? ursr{} pepæter sâI3âdsdrarre eurrrrexâ o] lqtnos e^erl I Jo ureq] PesnJuos Jer{}re e^eq sroq}n? lsoru 'rurroqdoçuy puz rurpodorq"H Jo d1rre1 SCTOHJgIAI 'erer{ -lIIIls arp Jo esn"Jâg dgarrq peuor}uaru dpo sr pue uortdursep sll rlllm pale '(geO1) -r3oss? qoorg sr snue8qns pue snue8 qJse Jo Ârol ur punoJ eq IIIÀ\ sla^el rsrceds pu? rrreuâE -sII Jrlsruelsds er{J 'uorlsJsrssslJ pu? exet er{l }3 s}uâudole^ep /v\er^al csrJadserdns ar{l Jo [?JrJo]sF{'(geov Jo }uâruqsrlqetsa ur sde}s rol r -?tu r{11,v\dpo sleap /v\ar^âr EurrurolloJ âr{J 'raueqcr141ees) plle^ âtueroq erueu leqlr] MgIAgU TVCIUOJSIH s( rrroqlr{?cl pue eursu IsJrro8etsr rer{EH e roJ snuat ad& eql s? elq"F"^B ra8uo1 'ldrrcsnuenr ou s?/v\ 1l 'o"toqdoqruvâur?u âql e^JâsuoJ 'turururâH) aqr Jo uorleredard puu ewp go srsdleueeq] w âlqenle^ul ol (++Ol NZDI eql dq pessord per.ord rIJIr{À\ ra}urrd ras?[ " Jo asn roJ uoslrM rrrll 'lulroqdoçuv -dns se/v\snlrllDpl1 a)vo eglrl pu" aJe^ÀpJBrIralndtuoJ âruos Jo ueol ern JoJ "cesuod 'serueu sFI ur Dt\rld\qruv ur lrloqlrlsc pl^eq gl pelqepur rue I crraua8qns /v\eu eql Jo Per"ld çgBI uorleu.y'roJeql tunlceqJ roJ 'sesueltr dlrsra^lun 'lueul 'snyllDpLd snua8 aq] uo 3o peffiq llrllspod -pedaq scrssel3 'sdlruqd ra^rlo anp er" sTuer{t oslv dnor8 eq] pasodord (nZOgl) o[rar]"7 'g KpueddV turlrpa egt oruos roJ pue ldrrcsnuenr '(tAOt 'reueqcllN) 3o Jo âqr Jo tsoru Jo Eurddr lradxa req roJ re^eâM e11aof Dnqdoqîuv urduoul's rorunf e se pepffEor ol pepuelxe are $[u€ql prcedg 'ldrrcsnu€rrr eq]Jo uor]"J Jo -eda"rd 'sesuey /v\oun DntSaWerusu eqJ '(aeprdV) ptqurofl 1eu1;aql pu€ go dlrsre^lun eqt t" suerur -cads uorleredard pue Eurlquass" eq] 'suorln]rlsur eq] puu '(auprrorldoqluv) rurror{doq}uv pu€ Jo snorre^ le suorlJâlloc Jo dpnls Âur peJu"ug rIJIr{,tr 'rursdoleruoxg '(azprtlllel\tr) 'rauaqcrni 'C 'C) rwpodorqeH (role8rlse^ur pdrcurrd +ZIgI-UBflgO esurltllatrAt'(aeprlrll"H) esurnuoN Pu? asurl Pue tz,zzt-z8ggcl slu"rc uorlsPunod esualrs Isuor]?N -rlleH '(auprle[oC) eeuroetdH er{} ur eq o} ar{t Jo }roddns l"rrueug aqr e8pal/v\ouTced1p;a1ert 1 ezrutoceJrvrou e/v\ ler{f serJodspepnlJur dlpu srunesnrurreql pelrsr^ I e[qr\ serseunot ^Jfrïiï:t:: -rtr-ro r{olrlm [çOgl] Dnzflarysnue8 e petueu s>lsrJelserlllÀ\ peTJsur esoql ,(FtI 'urrnl 'ecrleruel 'rql4 'ourunT 'I{ snrrrrqsd l'1ue3 pu€ dgrueJqns eql -sls er8o1oo7 Ip otnlrtsl pa oosntrAl pue 'q8rnqstlr4 'drolsrH roJ snuat eddl âql erusceqDroqdoq?uv'slu"ld leruenldsuued FrnrBN Jo runasntrAl artaurep '8unoa .1111'3 leurqC 'tulliag 'ecrurs ertuâp ur pardnf,Joerd sem rallel eql ler{t punor8 'tl8o1oo7 'nr-uea -EJV Jo elnlrlsul n1,4 lecrr;y r{}nog eql uo sn!4lDpodro| 3 s3 (sogl) 'urvro; 'urnesn141 'peaqelrq1,4'g luarueceldar ade3 uerrr;V {lnog 'NZCD 'trnqurzg 'tunasntr41 Dnqdnqtuvpesodord emertef ernlelo 1 idueuueC lsâM seqcsr8opoz 'rauprepl '11 -ueuoN T€Jr8olooz uo uorssiluuloc puou pun ]ntrlsursts"ts saqcsrtopoz lueur[nd ',fursrelrun âlels uol8urqw6 'raurn; 't .1l1 iaIIqC 'osreredlen ap "Jrlols3 peprsre^lun 'erto1oo7 ep 'oro; '11 'eruro;lpC ;;iî':Hl'til'igl' ïËî'il'?:;:;ii:: orroteJoqeT lsvreq Jo drlsra^Fn 'snuet 'droq; .1'4 'U 'drlsnpul eurror{doqtue trsr5 eql paqrrJsap lagrrrsaureg tue14 Jo uors '(ç 'FZr{tlÀ\ 'spodorqrrv 'a8uelg allrerlsf snrcrrqe.{sadlpd pue -1rrlq Jo uorlce[oD e]e]S eprrold LLI) 'urnasn141 snrJrrqsd ranroanzv'v oqt qll/v\ JsrJedsuor 'V 'T ieruro;rp3 d1uno3 sela8uy soT Jo 'Eurlaug 'U 'U 'erEroag 'tllgrs '(Zttù isuaqly 3o dlrsra^lun sr r{rlr{rvr wll€d sa{nun1dsldv s€/v\ 'T 'C 'erro1ar6 'urnasn141 lecrr;y t{rnog ["e^suera peqrJf,sepsercads eurrorldoqlue eurnuet puo 'elqocg 'f 'ft lerrlsny 'ueplagsuy 'zrer*qcg '141i>1ron '('rl* 's cdrolsrH 'nearleg -Jes eqJ Dr\qd\qîuv repun sruazauTc ,vteN ["JnlBN Jo tunâsntrAlu"oIJâruV ees :gt1t 'ue>1o1:OtOt drq) eeq elqurnq 'tr\[ pue 'rf 'uezo11 'C 'f lsarry soueng ',,ernepenrg 3 S?/v\dlqUqOtd un.toor?en'v rcT+ peJa^oJslp ourpreurefl,, so[eJn]zN s"rJualC op oullue8ry oesntrAl 'rarrarvroq'r(puacar 'G 'uueurqceg 'O 'V pu€ eursly-Ero11 'V llncrtcauuoC ll sz/v\ []un ]oN t tt) 'uale11 /r\eN 'dlrsrar.run â1e 'tunasntr41dpoqea4 'uol snrJrrq"d Lq pesrlueprsnu Euraq reus eâq -5urrua11'T 'C :d1zll 'eouag 'alernlelq errots rp orr^rC eurJor{doqlue u3 aq 01 sJeTJo/v\}uenbesqns oesntrAl'*rEEo4 'lI iper8urual 'etnttlsul pcrtopoz 'o1uesa4 'V 'xnolqurag 'telg,l dq rqtnoqt se/û pue gnLI ur pauorluetu À lrunr8leg ep sanbruro 'utntoataz7 -uor8y saruarcs sap allnreg 'Âped 'V ilsadepng 'tunes 1sr5 er{ qcnl/v\ sldv PaqrrrsâP osF 'dde4 'f '(gçr -ntrAlÂ"ro1sr11 FrnlBN uerre8unll lpuepug arl Tro/v\âru?s eql uI 1) nsryat,sgv w 3eq 'pro;xg 'dlrsrartrun pJoJxO 'suortce11o3 pcr8olour aurrorldoqlue lsrs aql Paqrrf,sâpsn"auurT -otug ado11 '*a1oo;,9 'C ldueurrag ]seg 'eppar

NrrsT-rnfl scNsrDS svsNvx do Àrrsus^rN.o sHJ 0r+ SYsrBuATIcs AND PHvrocENY OF THE ANTHOPHORINN BBBS ++l most all major collections as well as deter- apically simple labra, thus only exceptions to mined and undetermined material in these these are listed. All caPitalized colors are collections so that as many sPecies as possi- from Ridgway (1912) excePt dark browns ble could be placed in their appropriate and other nonspecific generalrzed terms groups. I have attempted to make known the (..S., dark brown, ferruginous, amber.) All unusual as well as common attributes of characters of surface sculpture are described anthophorine species so as to facilitate future using the system of Harris (1979) and were revisionary studies of the various groups at examined under fiber-optic illumination dif- the specific level. fused by frosted drafting film to eliminate All structures which could be studied flat- reflections. tened, such as sterna, were placed on slides Illustrations of terminalia and mouthparts in glycerine for illustrative purposes. Larger were drawn from cleared material using a structures such as the genital capsule and drawing tube. On shaded drawings the light mouthparts were dissected and studied in was positioned so as to strike the subject either alcohol or glycerine. Terminalia and from the upper left. For figures of the uPper mouthparts were cleared overnight at room (anterior) views of maxillae, the whole max- temperature in about l0% KOH and then illa was slightly flattened under a coverslip. transferred to one or two changes of water The orientation of the lacinia and penis are for several hours (sometimes acidulated not standardized and thus their shapes are water), finally to glycerine for study and not meaningful. long-term preservation. Comments on distributions were prepared Preparation of specimens for scanning from data taken from specimens and almost electron microscopy entailed initial relaxing always not from the literature' because there in a humidifier for one to two days. Parts are many misidentifications in the latter. were taken from the specimens and ultra- The generic and subgeneric descriptions sonicated in three warm baths (five minutes take into account all characters described in each): the first, water with a detergent; then the CharactersEmployed section and follow the 70% alcohol; and finally, xylene. The struc- same lettering system to facilitate compar- tures, if relatively hairless, were allowed to isons. That is, the characters of the genera air dty; if hairy they were dried with air are directly comparable, and the characters blown through a piece of surgical tubing of the subgenera within a genus are com- attached to a micropipette. The specimens parable, but not the characters of subgenera were then mounted with glue (casein) on of different genera. Major as well as minor stubs coated with Tubekote@ so as to give a trends of variation are noted in the descrip- uniform black background. Specimens were tions. When one or a small group of species coated with 200 A of gold-palladium and differed from the majority in a character, the scanned with 15 Kv (200 spot size), using a differences and species involved are indi- Phillips 501 scanning electron microscope. cated in parentheses. Structures which are Morphological terminology follows for the described without indication of sex pertain most part Michener (1944) and for mouth- to both sexes. parts, it certain cases,Winston (1979). New Genital capsules were drawn with left and terms for structures are explained in the right sides illustrating the dorsal and ventral section on CharactersEmployed. The proboscis surfaces respectively. Dashed lines represent is regarded as projecting downward from the hidden internal structures, while dotted lines head. Thus the anterior surface of the men- indicate ridges or denote areas of dark scler- tum is the surface that would be called dorsal otization. Dot matrices represent the penis if the proboscis were considered to project and other membranes of the genital capsule. forward. To save space the metasomal seg- Typ. depositories of new species described ments are abbreviated S for sternum and T in Appendix 1 are indicated within brackets, for tergum. Therefore sternum 6 is termed accorditg to the following list: [Ansfelden], 36 and tergum 6 is T6, etc. Almost all Austria, Collection of M. Schwarz; [Berke- Anthophorini have bidentate mandibles and l"yl, flniversity of California; [Budapest], 'Zl'eere .ll .eere ratu"qrorlpll tr'tt'"xorprtr{'Eb'eare paddlcerdng r"lnro"r"d .0t 'retu?rportarot '69 1zuâC '"xof,arot 'g€ 'urnâpodord yo eere pur3re141 .49 .uorneldord .gg .ârnlns prnald 'çg 'ue.re .19 .urntuelsrdesel4l '66 .urnue1srda1u1osa141.26 .srld -osâtrt lereurrdeodr(g p.rne1de1e141 '19 'urnurelsrderelrrl '0€ 'apuegr pepodor4 '67 'ape-rrdspepodo.r4 'gZ 'ârnlns relncz.rrdg '/Z 'âr$nq '92'eere 'gz '?ssoJ .tz .unlerncs .gz .srnlns [33]ou"leulllsu"rJ, lelou"lâIll l"ret"losroc r"IFxv æIIIxv '67 'ssacord 'IZ .urnlmsJo .02 .eqorrs '6[ .âJntns l"rat"Ioraluv eltue praleloreruv puralsrdg pqorrs 'BI 'ornlns '41 'epe.rrdsosel '9I '"mxv 'çI 'lsârJ .tI .arntns puralsrda-e.r4 tr r?ll3lncs '€I 'ârnlns l"lnrssrrerl p.rna1de1sy41'ZI 'âqol ptouord 'II '"urr?r rzp-e.rdng '0t 'lld r?I"qns '6 'ssaoo.rd Sura,r,prna14 'g 'aperrdselalN '/ 'eurerlgâd 'g 'uorârurdesey4l'g '"l1x"ârd '7 'ssecord8ur,u ptoueleur JolJeluv 'g '"gre Jsl"qns 'Z 'uor]€lnorge rzp5a; 'l 'r$er^eprs e1a1durog'g 'pa,roura:8url{ qlr^,i,xerorll .V .I .CId Jo sprrrp-omt "reddn ipapruo rr?q qlr/rÀalevt nutolu1uat (o1Vîauoto4)orotl{oquy 1o ^ âr^ âprs

eJe/v\ sJalJsJsr{J dnOr8 â^rl3urtsp eql Jo er{l Jo tser âr{1 pu? rurpodorq"H eql âro/v\ '(çgOt) tsoru dlaleunuoJun lnq srelJ?r?rlf, Furalxs rurroqdoqluy âr{}roJ sdnorttno er{J pe^rasqo dFsea puu ol pâldulell" e^"q I s)loorfl pu? turlaus dq pe/v\olloJreql s3 oru?s 'srsdl?us eqt sr 'duonrrsr"d uo pes"q 'd8olopoqtâu ,rerralroq '(tgOl 'progorvrs) requnJ ol epnlâJd l"rluesse u3 sr aq; tusr8ord ralnd 'saszq anVa crlaueqd d11oqm ro dletrel uo ew,t -ruor erll dq pâpl" s?/v\srsdpue Jrtsrp"lc uonrutoJelrsrol3"r?rlJ (ro1sr11 Jo e[q?rr?^ul ssel FrnleN '[uo1tuft{s3M] Jo a"Ioru eqt Jo srs?q eql uo pezrutosoJ eJ? Jo tunesntrAl[?uor]?N iurnas e:xP-loql oJurs ssaJord repJrrc 3 sl sF{l ssrnoc -ntrAIser{rsrrotsrrlrn}"N'[euual1] !danrng '")€l '[euzqrnl JO ureuâc }s"o[ le ur elqsrrs^ul ssel Âro1sr11l"rnteN srowfiI lecrteuat '[upna] JO eJoru eJe/v\pu? erel oqt tuo(u? sâJueJesrp -sls ertolooZ lp olntr5l pe oesntrAI ,sral '[ocsrruerd elarJsrp pa/v\oqs r"ql âsoql pelJelas I !secuarrsJo durepef,V"ruroJlle3 -c?r?rlr '[aprsro^lU] elqrssod;o requnu tsert eql urord ueSJ leruro;lle3 Jo dlrsrarrlun ldtrsrarrlun ât"ls uotturqffiM'[ueurlpd] CIgÀOTdIAIg S'USJ CVUVH C lurnasntr4lIe"^suer;'[errolardl !runasn141 'rurJorldoqtuy '[qrre4] Jo suorlsurquoJ /v\eu sursluoJ srI"rlsnv uralseM ialarn]"N errot '(rxar '[srre4] lxe] er{J eqt ur ol perreJal sr âru?u -slH(p IsuolrsN unesntr [ larnrJ]su1 lsqr areqM sreqrunu atud ro Jeq(unu ated r{ræasâlr srr}"rue}sdsorg '[er*epg] lÂtrs 'rânesntrN eql sr aJsJ ploq pu? seseqluaæd urqlr/v\ erusu -ra^rull elsls /v\orsotr[ I?JIaopo7 'sura1 '[r*ocso141] qJsa repun drlua ls"l eqt) xepw u3 pu? !d1uno3 saletuv soT Jo runes -qoJd '[salaEuv FJnlelJuâruou ur"ueJ Jo uortsJgrJ"[J -ntrAldrorslH prnreN soT] :(drol '(rurracng '[uopuoT] âqt ul /v\eJe) IupodorqeH aqt ur -slH prnre51) runosntrAlrlsrlrrg suorlsurquoJ ^tâu'sartuduouds'slueulutrs ldlrsre,rlun otzts r{B}n.'droteroquTsJrteruat -s? orJouet luesard turlecrpq sârueu dnort -sds pue dtolorg eefl '[ueto1] :'g'S'S'n -serf,ods (etntltsul Jo lsll s sr g xrpuâddv pr" suorteu ârll Jo seruârrs Jo durapef,V pcrEol -trsep crd&oau pue crddlolrel sr Z xlpueddy -ooz'[pertrueT] larrolsrll a>1[i1rnnt"NuB^ 'xal '[uepralJ aql Jo dpoq eql ur ol perreJâr serreds runasnursTlig lsesuey ;o dtrsren 'urnasntr\l '[acuar /v\eu Jo suorldrJcsep sur?luo3 I xrpueddv -1un lerltoloulolug /v\ous 'srsd1eue eqf ur pesn se/v\ elels snoqdJoru -,,v\eTJiaprnleS srrols Ip oJr^rc oesntrAl -orseld '+ '[eouag] eql ses33 qcns uI pu? 7, selqBJ :ellernteN arrotsrH(p unesntr I '[enauag] uI d se u/v\ol{s sI 1l uoxBl e wg}Il\{ }u?}s l8reque{rues tnlrlsustunqcs -uoJ lou sr JelJsJsrIJ e ueqM 'srusJtopsl3 -rod 'lrrry>1uerd] l1n1r1su1 saqcsrtoloru eql trJnrtsuoJ ol pesn 313p er{} urstuoc t pu? -olug saqcslnaq'lrpp^sraqg] leruro;lleC 'suorsrsop '[sy'eq] z solqsJ dur roJ suosseJ tsa88ns Jo dlrsrarrlun :unesntrAI 1sr8o1 ol luerrgns sr ]nq poter^erqq" dpuenbar; sr -ooz'[ua8equado3] :'O'U'I'S'C'"lpr] uorssnrslçl'(uor1cârlp dreuorlnlo^e) drlrelod -snv '[errequuC] ir{8opo7 â^r}"reduro3 '[a8prrqûr"C] Jo stueru8pnf dur roJ ses?q oql pu" selq"rrs^ Jo tunesntrAl : ((zl^Bpe^l1{ eql Jo srâtf,?r?rlJ Jo uortnqrrlsrp aw uo selou oulPJsuJeg,, seFrnlsN ssrJuarc ep oull 'rurror{doqtuy '[serry epnlrul g pu" I salqsJ eqrrl -uatry oesntrAl souenfl] iletrsra^rull 'apun>1rnleN '[tll aq] Jo sâeq ol sJeJeJ ((seâq âurJor{doq}ue,, -lploqurnH rnJ tunâsntrAl 'eeurroqdoqtuy uorsserdxa eW dpnls sFIl uI -refl] lnrnasnl4l drotslH l"rntsN u"rre8unH Nrrsl'rng scNsrcs svsNvx .{o Àrrsus^rNn sHJ zw SysreprATrcs AND PHvrocENy oF THE ANrsopHoRINn Bnes ++3 found in the male termin alia and mouth- apparatus was remarkably consistent among parts, therefore requiritg dissections. An- the taxa and not found useful for placing thophorine females have proven difficult to females in groups. The mouthparts and gen- separate and to place in groups; for the most italia were dissected for almost all described part, the subgeneric groups of Anthophorini species as well as many undescribed ones. are based on characters of males. The sting The measurements reflect the variation

lst TRANVERSECUBITAL (1St r.M)

ALAR PAPILLAE 3rd SUBMARGINAL (2nd Rs) MARGINAL (2Nd R1) 2nd TRANSVERSECUBTTAL (2nd r-m) (lst Rs) 2nd SUBMARGINAL 2nd RECURRENTVEIN (2Nd M.CU) 1st SUBMARGINAL(1st R1) lst RECURRENTVEIN (1st m-cu) (2nd PRESTIGMA 2nd DISCOIDAL MEDIAL) BASAL VEIN (M) (1st 1st DISCOIDAL MEDIAQ \s FOREWING MEDIAL HINDWING COSTAL cu-v SUBMEDIAL(1st CUBI SUBDISCOIDAL(2Nd CUBITAU TEGI.JLA HAMULI PARAPSIDAL LINE SCUTUM OCELLUS FLAGELLUM PEDICEL M"Cu (2nd ABCISSA) VANNALLOBE SUBANTENNAL SCUTELLUM SUTURE AXILLARSUTURE ANTERIOR JU94g-- TENTORIALP|Tq PRoPoDEUM EPISTOMAL

CLYPEUS COMPOUND EYE LABRUM MALAR MANDIBLE PREMENTUM

FOREFEMUR HIND COXA FORETIBIA COXAL CORIUM Sugpt-Eunnt HIND TROCHANTER SIGNUM / MESOCOXAL CARINA PRECOXALSUTURE

HIND MIDTIBIAL SPUR TIBIAL SPURS

upinnsus

BASITARSALTOOTH

AROLIUM cLAW-=- '3o1pr;41'H 'Â\er^ 'euroselou '9 'paunuJâlâp relno lesrop âIpurJo xady sem eoudsr"IeurJo ^oq 'eare 'g 'pernseeur çBua1 Eur,uoqs relnqtpueur ælntrO se ^ orl?r qtp1,u er(eTecue.raqnlordpeddlr,u,oq Sur,uoqs 't\ar^ 'PuâH 'g 'Â\âI^ 'epsdec 'q 'or1er .ezrJe,r ePrs I"sJop lprruoC qlpv*7qfua1go u,v\oqsluaure.rnszatu sluâ.{_Joxedu;o ,u,arrt '3 'arerrr 'gg 'g 'pa,rnsearu lecrdeosroq leJlue^ aJer\ eurepode pue csrp;o çgua1 '/s 'v 'apro 'y ,t ,g.:afe:ug aa,ogSurnoqs îlar,r 1er1ue,r sruuo{u\uat(q1pruotoj uqryon (otortdorttuose) 'C 'C-V 'C ototldotltuy'H pue g ur pâllruo rr"H .sluâruerns"âru prrc sur.ratpjr8oloqdrol4l :Z .Cig

'aeles 'saqol sreâq sder*1e lI ea-rr{} o} euo qtl^À eq] uo ecuerseqndTc€lq uorls Jo r{r}Bd esuape sr '@Zt 'ttg) pegrpour dlsnorre^ pue pazrtorelrs dpneaq sr eleru qsuq f)s.tDtxsDqpîuaql s8elprurrrer{} uo '(qçZ 'tld ern Jo aqtxocouoïaW {0 xa{o aql (t) cslp Jrer{Jo ((ser{snrg,, ro sa8ulr; }ueJseqndJo spurT 'palcarlp 'xeror{J eql sB aueld eru?s eql ur ssel ro erour eerr{} e^eq o.rot1doqîuveleluu etuos G-p) dlrorralue pue Euol sr urnlncrds eql o,toq(oqruV 'qtool ]BrI] e^€q ('dru outo{uozuou '$ry2 'ttg) 'V 'opûauf,sog Jo snueFqns auo uI peloerrp dlpsrop ldacxa) n1lpatuV ge ]sorrrl€ pue ']uasard '(qZ 'ttg) dllensn s^(er'r1esr. wnlnetds aqJ Jo sarceds v'(1.Z,Z,'ttg) papry snuatqns 'uo4tafo"t{ 'prlql suorlezrloJalJs l"urpnlrtuol s? [erv\ sB eql lnq IBSBqar{} uo r{}oo} rorre}ue u3 }no pnpl eqt pue uoqcafol( uotpauqns aqt'seqo1 o/vu eq -r{}l^Àalduns sr runlueur oq} o"rot1dotltuvfie }sourle '(pçZ 'tzf 'rtt.l) 'tlg) deur ererll reuroJ lsJelelocrde eql uo saturlatuos q ârrlue lgecrde ro (qg3 'peorq '@Z ot /v\orreu dlpcrde sr eletu Jo SS (T) seqol pcrde uor{s snorerrrnu q}r/v\etetuolo eroru 'Elg) 'rrll 'crlsou8erp uoztvztîzralts lputpnryEuo1 aql paueTffp turaq sr run11eqegeq] Jo adeqs eq] 'dgeurpnlr8uol 'uotgozllorales 'rerorrorT 'ototldoqruV 'ototldo e Euruunr pue tolnelxt Jo ereua8qns eruos uI 'eere 'EtU) aql paznorelcs dpqtgl e eq denr erer{} seqol -tttuv lsoru pue opflauV IIe lsourle ul (qgt eql o] Ierpotu laqoypsrnp B ll ot lerurxor d pue aqol seqol pcrde ary1-ra8ugEuol sur{ ury1aqo{lessolt 'pagrporu Ioquaa e â^BrI UBJ ur8reur l"relel eql dlsnorre^ sl runurels eq] go xade erIJ 'e3 ernSrg :*:,","i:i#liî:lill,u:Tîyi""r:l$# 'tuo1 ur u/v\oqs sr cslp arll Jo r{}tue1 aql o} aruapode roJ poqleur aqJ se epuv\ s€ eJr/vu se qJnru '(rgz 'rIçZ 'stlg) aql Jo {rtua1 ar{r Jo or}Br aql Eurpug Jo porneur s€ sarurleruos pa8uolord uaryo 'seurapode (Je^e/v\or{'spedq}noru eql Euol seq l,lpnsn elstu Io /S (l) sr eceds r€leru eql Euol pue '8uo1 'sa8prr pus suorsserdap 'secueraqnlord (q se qcns sneddlc luereqnlord dl8uorls e r{}r/v\saeq u1 'sr '(Jz sder* snorre^ ul peglporu sr eceJrns Frlue^ aql s3 apr/v\ se serurl eJoru Jo e^g ol JnoJ teqr 'sesseoord 'Etg) 'qrool pcrde padolarrep [e/v\ o^erl saruapode reewl sr dleuuou aco(s npza eql (c) 'rrerl 'o.rot1do stl asorunld çynl dlasreds pareAoc dlpraua8 lecrdeqns B seq s(e/v\le tsourl€ alqryuou ar{I 'ntT '.tlg) -qruV 'oyfauV pue (lgl Tgl eleur8rsrue dllerparuoc âFureJ ur erer ere tnq Jo saleureJ 'eruosetetr\tr -lde dllensn sr eleru Jo gS (t) pue eeurror{doqtuy eleru ur lueserd sdervtlelsourle 'selsru '(qt 'Et.f) ete sfiulq"low pSco{ Inruawnîa1uy el€d (d eql w luasard uerl/v\ rlet{ Jo pro^ap pu€ pauaqtnor reqla8ol eerr{} o} o/vu }xeu aql dpo qt8ual ur tur 'areurolla8eg 'geurs are daq; 'seeq aurroqdoqlu€ âl€ru dueur -1enba lsrs uor{s € e^eq eraue8qns '@t 'ttg) pue sapural IIB ul ]ueserd ete sapld plqltlsaq eq;- regro sereruollaEeg eroru ro e^g ol 'ttour 'lser 'âsoutnld (q) q eql ol ls€rluor ul lnq rnoJ ]xau oq] qttual w spnbe qolqrv\ araruolletug 's8lg) 'edocs Euol Aq,pezrrelcer€qo ere ereuatqns GZZ'egI eraua8qns eruos q Flqlt lsrg e etuos 'aldnrrs 'seleureJ aleredas 01 l,gercedsa sr seJeru eq] Jo lsar eql âTrl ete Drlq(otltuy Jo €rqll lnJesn -ogateg turpaaccns eq] ol e^rlsler anwopa&o{ puFI eq] Jo urtreru rotrelsod eql uo srletl eql f p 'xade 'sewlprru /v\ar^ o] oseq slr ruory slql} pu5{ eq} Jo ver r€ar tlrEual eql rreql Euole lerelel ruo{ parns€eru ere/v\ sererrrolateg eql (n) 'p?eH pe/v\orr?u oql \ D!q! pulq aw {o utïnw nt"ta\so{ eql 'BIql] 'suorldrrssep pult{ eq} Jo areJrns re}no eq} uo srlel{ aldurs pu? sde>1ur Pesn 'suol} Jo slsrsuoc seletueJ 1o o{ocs lelql} pug eql d8olourrurel eql urzldxa ot se^res tsll sFII -rsod ur eql uo pouesul turaq rnds '/v\oleq snorJBA aurds Pâlsll sralr€r?qr Jo sdnort Pâranel IBIqp ralno eq]'("It'El$ ereJrns rolrelue sll eql uo poseq sr uorlJâs lxâu âql ur palueserd uo eurds lecrde uB s€I{ D?q! pulq eql dlpuolsecco 'stt.{) DnqdlqruVJo uorlerglss€lr clreuetqns eqJ '(oOZ 'fgz ereJrns rorretue eql uo tuasord 'tu"lsuoJ 'pag1pour elrnb are sJelJ"J"r{3 sr t{}oot lecrde o} I"sBq e serurletuos }nq eseql fellf s/v\ol{s elqells^? eJe/v\ se snuatqns -un dlpnsn sr seletu Jo snsrntxsoq pullt eql (t) 'qsnrq qJee serJads dueur ffi pu" serJeds uoru lnsrotqsxppua eql $ snsrelllsrp eqlJo surEreru Jo Jo -rrror /v\al e spnpl^Ipq su"dqlnour leratel âqt uo rletl Tcelq ;o etuuJ ro ,,uEJ,, egl Jo Jo Pu? 'V-l dpnls 'ssalaqleuoN 'pelres sereruosr"] Jo seJeJrns rorralsod eq] uo rpq srl"lrue8 Jo eql -slp TrBp o1 epd 3o e8urrJ esool Euol e ffi rlsntq losrntptw se/v\ serJeds r{f,?a Jo uerurseds elturs v 'snsrelrs€q 'uox?l eql eql Jo acBJJns pcrde rorrelu€ dpo uago lnq e Jo serceds IIe ul punoJ Nrrsranfl scNsros svsNv) do Àrrsus^rNo. sHJ wn I I I ? I I

SvsrnprATrcs AND PuvrocpNy oF THE ANruopHoRINe Bres 445

CIRCULARSCLEROTIZATION LATERALPROJECTION

VENTRALLOBE SUBMEDIANPROJECTION

DORSALLOBE

LONGITUDINALSCLEROTIZATION

APODEME SPICULUM

GO N O ST Y LU S ------...

PENISVALVE APEX

PENISVALVE

PENIS

VALVEBRIDGE

PENISVALVE APODEME

GONOCOXITE

GONOBASE MALARSPACE EYE WIDTH EYE CLYPEUS

MANDIBLE

CLYPEAL PROTUBERANCE

PYGIDIAL PLATE GRADULAR PROCESS G

MIDDISTITARSALBRUSH esounf,€r-âsornsnrqrr^{uor'e' I€rrero pue (suunrdrn'::1Li::Tt'J-iiiliiiii''^ï,î:J'J;Tlt"1H: 'a1evs,o\o1ntoul1q 'v 'ç1'c'eruloeJeorf,nu (o11t1{oyag) sarnlcund uââM}aq puno:s dlerpatu alulnorlcund orur Surpe:s d1pre1e1Surrnldlncs alelcund Surr*oqs (go ue{orq srrzq qlr,u) pr",1 jo *"1r.i ,ep-a; 'V 'g 'Surrn1d1nrs n717saa(o1tt1(ottrfl et€loâreorrrru qlrm snaddlc 'âFureJ nyatur (o.roq{ot1tuocws(y7) otoq(oq\uy'y 'sn11aro 'aurl - 'ztasorcrtu: 'zlesorceru u"rpeu: o leluo:; g rur = eru :C pue g ,rr ur* i. 'c 'saaq prre v ur ru.'' yg' luasa"rde.râurl a["rs aur:oqdor{lu' ur punoy dluoururoc surrnldpcg .€ .cld

:.,,-,,){*.,",,..'ù--...',ft'', #,,X

'çJ 'qlEuel ,{1pns61 @) uo dlarer pue 9J uo luaserd aq eseq âql ]e Eurrnseaur or{t o1 al8ue aa.r8ap '(tOg '3t.{) osl€ leur ssaco"r(^ro1npo,rî V âtnc" or (t7 06 v te ueTet sr qtple\ eqt pue urtreur râuur '8tg) 'ssacord 'llpsropocrde lunlq'aq uec qclqÀ\ r€lnper8 e olur eqt Euop pernsearu sr çEua1 eql 'âJeJJns l,1pra1z1pe8uolord sl IJ eletu eqt Jo snlnper8 aql xade eq] Eurrvrar4 l€sJop sll uo ezlâs '(lgl 'tlg) l.lpuorserro areld prprtdd e sTrel pu€ â]nurru sJ€eq sder*p pue']sarc pcrde ue qllm 'pepunor qleâl uerporuqns o^w\lsreeq LL Jo xede aql uâuo re^âu Lpua8 s1 xa(o azlao s1ua{ aql (u) 'ruasard 'tlg) 'snldlsouo8 s€ lsnf ueuo sr (32 alofl plp\E@ eril Jo r{tpp\ pue qltual âq} ernsuoru '}uasqe ']sol âleru er{J (d) }sotu1e ror{}oue ur pue I rurorl salertsuourap pZ arnErg sr ro ralslle 'a1nJe 'ranervroq 'n"toq{ot1îuV 'pazrloralrs ,{1pszq sr a8prrq aq} e ol paf,nper sr tl serurleruos dpqtrls 'aleurEreurâ Jo snuaEqns euo uI l.lpseq dlpnsn Âpo sl.ervtp lsorul€ pue âsolas sderv'p sr qclq^/' '8tg sl (pz ur u/v\or{s luoruernsseru s4) anp\rq aalDa snl(Tsouoï ercSuola dlpnsn '^norreu 'el8urs u l.po '(tZ 'Etg) 'seuo s1ua( eqJ (o) xade â^1e^ sruad er{} Jo sreeq alrxorouo8 r{reg (-) âsounld l.11ensn

NIIs-rTnfl scNsrcs svsNvx .{o ^rrsus^rNn sHJ 9tn SysrnvATrcs AND PHvrocENy oF THE ANrsopHoRrNe BBes 4+7

the first recurrent uein of the forewing joins sub- the apex of the clypeus to the apex of the meta- marginal cell 2 at or slightly distal to the midpoint soma;it is 6-2+ mm. on the posterior margin of the cell. It is never interstitial with the firqt transverse cubital vein TRIBE ANTHOPHORINI DAHLBOM (Fig. 4u).(r) The sting is 2-3 times longer than the PodaliriiLatreille, l902a, p. 377. gonostylus. Anthophorini Dahlbom, 1835, p. 5. Bo$t length is measured in dorsal aspect from Megillina Thomson, 1869, p.7.

A B

c D

F

G H

FIG. 4. Fore(A, C, E, G) and hind wings (8, D, F, H) of anthophorine and habropodine bees. A, B, Anthophoraplumipes. C, D, Habropoda tarsata. E, F, H. tristissima. G, H, Pachltmelusconspicuus. +48 THn IJNrvBRsrry or KaNSAS ScrnNcs BurrETrN

Diagnosis.Bees of small to large size, differing vein of forewing joining submarginal cell 2 near from Habropodini as follows: first recurrent vein midpoint, never meeting frrst r-m. r. Hind wing joining posterior margin of submarginal cell 2 with cu-v subequalto secondabscissa of M * Cu; near midpoint, never interstitial with vein be- cu-v slanted from M + Cu basad; vein M about tween submarginal cells 2 and 3 (Fig. 4u); ante- three times length of second abscissaof M * Cu. rior and posterior margins of submarginal cell 3 s. Jugal lobe one-third or less length of vannal more nearly equal in length; marginal cell short, lobe. t. Wings essentially bare with well devel- shorter than combined lengths of submarginal oped alar papillae. cells along their posterior margins (FiS. 4u); Distribution.The tribe Anthophorini with about spatha absent; gonostylus of male never paddle 600 species is one of the largest tribes in the shaped, one gonostylus per gonocoxite; apex of family Anthophoridae, secondperhaps only to the 57 of male never pointed but entire to emargi- tribe Eucerini. Members of this tribe are found in nate; 56 of male not strongly convex medi- the tropical and temper ate zonesof the world with oapically; scopal hair simple except on posterior particular abundance in xeric areas such as the margin of hind tibia usually plumose (Figs. 10a- southwestern United States, Mediterranean re- c), sometimessimple (FiS. 10d-e). gion, northern and easternAfrica and Australia. Description.a. Body length 6.0-2+.0 mm. b. Biologlt.These bees are swift flyers. Almost all Flagellar segment 1 of female equal to combined of them nest in the ground, preferably in banks; a lengths of next 2.0-5.5 flagellomeres;of male, to few nest in wood [subgenus Clisodonand perhaps next 1.0-4.2 fl,agellomeres.c. Faceof male almost Anthophora (Anthophoroides)signatal. Sometimes always with white to yellow integumental mark- more than one specieswill nest at the same site ings, rarely all black; face of female with or (Schneider, 1982). I have seen 24. bomboidesand without white to yellow integumental marking; abrupta share the same nest site at Lawrence, mandible almost always with subapical tooth; Kansas[this was alsonoted at St. Louis, Missouri clypeus protuberant to relatively flat, profile pro- (Rau, 1926) and Baltimore County, Maryland jecting 0.3-1.2 width of eye; labrum usually (Norden and Scarbrough, 1982)l and A. bomboides apically simple, margin thickened; maxillary pal- and califtrnica at Point Reyes National Seashore pus usuully with six segments, sometimes five or in California. Anthophorine bees commonly re- four; labial palpus almost always with four seg- use the samenest site year after year, unlike many ments, sometimes three or two; mentum usually other beeq. When the nesting substrate is dis- without a pair of teeth on anterior basal third, placed from the original location, bees may be length 0.5-0.9 length of prementum; paraglossal attracted to it (Michener, 1960), suggesting that length equal to 0.5-1.2 length of stipes; lorum there is some chemical nesting marker that seryes almost always Y-shaped. d. Malar spaceof male as a lure. Perhaps this is one reason why more and female 1.0- 16.0 times wider than long. e. than one speciescan be found occupying a single Midtibia of male sometimeswith various brushes nest site. of hair (Figs. l2c, 13j, l8k). f. Hind basitarsusof Earthen (or saw dust in the case of Chsodon) male sometimes with tooth, ridge, and/or swol- cells are lined with wax and provisioned with a len; hind tibia of female with simple scopalhairs, semi-liquid mass of pollen, nectar and Dufour's though usually with a narrow posterior longitudi- gland secretion (Norden et al., 1980). The wax nal zone of plumose hair. g. Arolia present except lining and provisions give off a strong cheesyodor in Amegilla.h. Basitibial plate of male present to (Malyshev, 1925) from butyric acid, a product of absent. i. 56 of male generally flat except for the triglycerides of the Dufour's gland and proba- lateral margin, medioapically emarginate to en- bly salivary or gut enzymes (Norden et al., l9B0) tire, rarely produced, disc variously modified and is soluble in many solvents (Batra, 1972). with depressions,protuberances, or ridges; 54 The cell linings are thick and similar to those of and 5 of male usually normal, rarely modified. j. habropodine bees. Compared to those of Habro- 57 of male with disc apically emarginate to podini, anthophorine cell linings are not thicker bluntly produced, laterally simple or with one to or do they differ in their separability from the cell two lobes,length of apodeme0.2+-I.75length of wall; furthermore, there is no difference in bur- disc. k. SB of male apically narrow to broad, with row orientation, contrary to Marikovskaya two small submedian lobes whose length is at (1e76a). most one-fifth length of disc. l. Apex of gonocox- The mandibular gland secretion may function ite of male variously modified, simple, bilobed or as an alarm or aggregation pheromone in certain trilobed. m. Gonostylus of male elongate and speciesof Anthophora,since netted females give off narrow to greatly reduced to absent, never flat- a mandibular gland secretion attracting other tened and leaf-like. n. Penis valve apex is slender females by the hundreds (Thorp, 1969; Brooks, and long to wide and short; sometimes apicully 1983; Batra, 1984). Some species have males hooked. o. Penis valve bridge present, spatha which defend territories (Brooks, 1983) and fe- absent (very weakly developed in a few rare males which vigorously defend their nests against cases).p. T7 of male either with two subapical parasitic bees (Batra, 1978). teeth or pygidial plate; pygidial plate of female Polylecty is generally the rule, as exemplified with margin simple or carinate. q. First recurrent by Anthophoraplumipes (cited under ,4. aceraorum) t

Ir i (,

Svsrer{ATlcs AND PHvrocENY oF THE ANrnoPHoRrNn Bnns 449

(Ruszkowski, 1966) and various species of Indian whereas speciesof Anthophoraare generally active Anthophorini (Batra, 1967). Only two species are in the spring. Many species of Amegilla in the known to be narrowly oligolectic; they are Anth- Mediterranean region are diminutive and super- ophora phaceliae n. sp. whose females visit almost ficially resemble species of Anthophorasubgenus exclusively various species of Phacelia (Hydro- Heliophila. phyllaceae) (Brooks, unpublished) and Amegilla Taxonomy.Numerous keys have been made to I (Glossamegilla) f,orea which in Japan visits only the adults of anthophorine genera; the most Impatiens textori (Miyamoto, 1962). important covering North America are by ') The nesting behavior of Amegilla is as in species Michener (19++), Mitchell (1962, only Eastern I of Anthophora. Some species of the subgenus Asaro- U.S.), Stephenet al. (1969); India (Batra, 1977), I I poda nesting in flat ground construct turrets over Europe (Friese, 1897; Schmiedeknecht, 1930), I their nest entrances (Rayment, 1951; Michener, Egypt (Priesner,1957), and European lJ.S.S.R. I F 1965) . Amegilla flies generally in the summer, (Osychnyuk et al., 1978). Keys and descriptions

BLADE GALEA SUBGALEA LACINIA BASILACINIALSCLERITE

B( CQ MAXILLARYP STIPITALTHICK

STIPITALSCLERITE

I l I

SUSPENSORYTHICKENING BASISTIPITALPROCESS

DISTISTIPITALPROCESS

GALEAL FLAP

GALEAL LUMEN

FIG.5. Maxillae, outerviews. A,B,Anthophora(AnthophorQplumipes,maxillaandcrosssectionof galea at midlength. C,D, Anugilla (ArnzgillQqudrifascinta, crosssection of galea at midlength and maxilla. E, G, Anthophora(Heliophila) bimaculata,maxilla and cross section of galea at midlength. l, H, Anthophora (Clisodon) terminalis, maxilla and cross section of galea at midlength. 'F.IceA 'd1sr*o1zsop"U 'rarlaladaT 'eptu sxuronazlc (opfawo.to1) 'V -tt optsoq onqounï 'O 'epru qofintgsn(oppawo"tn4) 'V 'J.el€ureJ Dtru nyouûruta{'puerlg .to?qatxa oypayy'pue"rlg s?suatîorapp 'srnoq pîsnqzaot 'uorarue3 're11e16 -tofiqoc (saprc^rotlfutpuV) 'V'8. 'epureJ s?npnae ota{tlnuuo oc{tco{ (ororld 'a1rrpe11 'V'v oso1nïuo'1,>lsure8lf-^oztâuzn)tr moqoQo :(pa1zc -otltuoqdoù 'o.rorldotltuv aeuuetuv ' Jo L'CI.{ -ppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppqesr/v\râqto sselun o.totldoqrv u\ peqrrrsep (leurtr"ro erâf\ 11e ila parpnp ueeq lou e^Br{ tnq tsrxe sadft aqt seseJ rr,al e ur) pedorlsep Jo lsol are saddr agl eJurs snuet 'Dnû raqlle ur Ltureuao qtr/y\ paceld aq louuec Laqa -?uv to ototldoqtuv rerltre er€ serJads EurrrrolloJ eql srcss svJusDNr rNnroHdoHrNV

'srnoq s1ruo{aol1atnloapue srno q o1oî1tçsrun'1arqJrs, Dpqtt -!un 'lalslC DîDtrunî 'srnoq olpo{s 'srnoq Dluls 'ra8r11 'snrcrrqe 'srnoq stlruzs oyfayng i Dpnulues sldV oyouozo{n.t 'srnoq Dîaldat 'srnoq oyouozo"t@ 'srnoq efi(dot(d 'srnoq oeoufit@ 'srnoq opasln{ 'srnoq onld 'sedsel zsol -id 'lalsr 'srnoq 'srnoq C oîouJo osoutïntaootïru nuottrcaw 'srnoq otlu@ouopu'aueqlnoqeT DîDuozotpera'lslJrlD rpo{nstmu'srnoq oîDtpnatpoafll'dorc.rno I Dsteut rydy'Aeg oqoquo{'lalslC Dsl?trc?oppayg'srnoq oqoùuçsoa.tltc'tezue4 Drytrylq sgv :(asrm:aqto pelerrpur sselun ototldotltuV snua8 âql ur peqrrrsep ÂWut8uo ge) peÂortsâp ro tsol rerllre are sadd.r ar{r âJurs rurroqdoqtuv eqt o}ur dture} -JeJ l{l}r\ paceld aq louuef, sercads turrvrogo; aql ssrcsds qscv-IdNlf

.(lgO1)uaqdarg puu onlrroJ pus (teOl) Laprgc141 '(gçOt) reueqcrtrAldq uelr8 are rurroqdoqluv Is^rel Jo

'slloruaplcco(oa1ay4fl 'V 't 'tnaratltoc(opt1do1ryeH) ueryo eleur talprur 'qlaal qllû\ pesrpour ueryo 'V 'd 'sa{twn1d (orotldoqruV)o,roqdotltuv 'g 'stu ;o 'stsoufiotg ap1zurrr;ota1 pug :(nO)luasord Brlorv -n{tquoq (opo{otnsv) 'V 'g. 'oatqola (opûauosso4g) 'V'C'uaqwot 'ogotcsort.t ellrarlsT o"aoq{otltuysnuag (o1lQawouog)'V'g 'V 'ssacord -ponb (opfawV) oppawy IsteleTs ' ' - ol1fauV rrll€toru serul]etuos rler{ -oxe: d'acsds leuralul : c'etprre [ete1e{soxe q '8uv*erp lluasqe ot parnpar dpeert ueryo snl qoee Jo lred re/v\ol uI per.IJBu€ eq 'dlanrlcedser'uo11oq -dtsouot iprrqr lewq uo qloot rorratu" plno/v\srnds FIqIJ pu? lqtg elturs e qllÀ\ sderrrp lsorule runluaru aql uo er? secsJrns rorrelus Pu? Jelno aq] ]3rll 'penluro :(pç 'ttg) uorlcelord auo qtlÀ\ ssecord qcns peluerro ere eelqll srnds 1elqll pue 'aceds '8tg) runlnqelerv lsura]ur e]BrIpuI seerepe]]oçl ptrdrlsls€q :(cO luesqs sIIorV 's/vrer^ 'aerqll '9 'cI{ Drolldoqîuv' "llll€telll re^au pcrde Pqq el€ureJSosecrdv rl"r{ lpadole^ep [e/u\ pue tuaserd sr(ervr cJllq -[E lsorup sn1Â]souo8:(rtZZ'Etg) prlr{l Fs"q uo qtoot rorreluB r{}l/v\ ro eld -utrrlsruntueru :(l 'e 'eç 's8l.l) suorlraf -ord o/vu r{11À\sserord [et1dr1slffiq:("0 F 'tt.{) 'tuasa"rd I padola^ap erlorv I llalvr i rNnroHdoHrNVsHr do vusNsc oJ Àsx , s 'E.IX r oppa opûay41 I I pu" zlrrrr"Jow sa(n.toat>lsrrolzssnc stsuatlryl'.{llurs xau,s g v ' srnoq o?ulurtrazas'dlsuretn-rtozleuzny zaoueups'asarrg ,arrros'z1ra,rero141o{aqqd'a1crpa11 ocna1ofo1d'ta>l1e6 F qopdnod'z1rrrtero141suatsalo('[".IteA o\olpo{'rar1a1a I -dtT orntplrut'raTleM suaeelnl' e1crpa11Dttqsn tnq'arro; "[11"q ûuimlrutotnal 'srnoq oapopfiay 'elourdg n\ofinaoy 'Â:1snre8 l]-^ozlauzny lulmy'd>1srue8lf -^ozlevzn>{ ruos -qoryt'a1crps11oeluDt!'1ara1co C,c!"ttory?a!'ta1le6 DPld?t

;l Nrrs'r1nfl scNsrcs svsNvx do ^rlsus^rNn sHJ 0ç? SvsrnuATICS AND PrrvrocENY OF THE ANTHOPHORINN BNNS +5r with brushes; pubescence never blue or metallic, phora); labrum of male usually apically simple, rnetasoma generally with shaggy hair, sometimes occasionally trilobed (as in Anthomegilla, Daqtme- appressed; outer hind tibial spur not to o4y gilla, Petalosternln) weakly in Clisodon and some with pârtially isolated from inner tibial spur [(Figs.-6e- Pltganthophoraand Rhinomegilla), labial palpus g) see Commenlsunde r Amegillal; anterior surface four segments [except /. (Paramegilla) fulaicauda ôf mentum near basal third almost always without with three, A. (Heliophila) hololeuca with two]; "double," tooth; galea with a single, not lumen mentum .5-.8 length of prementum, sometimes (Figs. 5b, g, h). with an anterior tooth on basal third fas in Melea, Description.a. Body length 6.0-24.0 mm. b. Anthophoroides, and A. (Darymegilla) excisa]; para- Flagellar segment 1 of female equal to combined glossallength equal to .5-.9 length of stipes; galea lenfths of next 2.2-5.5 flagellomeres; of male to with a single lumen (Figs. 5b, S, h). d. Midtarsal .t.*t 1.0-+.2 flagellomeres. c. Face of male with brush of male present [.t in Anthophora s. str., yellow to white integumental marking, rarely all Lophanthophora,and Pyganthophora(Figs . 2h, 12c)] black, of female all black, sometimes with pale or absent. e. Midbasitarsal brush of male present integumental marking; clypeus protuberant at fas in Anthophrra s. str. , Lophanthophora,Pygantho- leasi .7 width of eye in profile (except Mlstacantho- phora, and Caranthophora) (Figs . 12c, 13j)l or

FIG. B. Flabella. Scale lines represent .01 mm. A, B, Anthophora (Anthophora) plumipes, anterior and posterior views. C, D, A. (Melea) abrupta apicoanterior and posterior views. E, F, Amegilla (Amegilla) quadrifas c iata, po sterior and anterior views. .^^âIA 'nTntcso{t^rpnnb '3 lpsrop'nsua{mban (otoqdoqTunn4s(74)ntoq{oqruV'C'^lrell l€srop (qlfautV) nllpawV 's^ 'ngdn^rqn '9. 'V'runrlor€-e'elnJlqro-o er^ epls pordu pus Issrop (rrtrW) otoqdoqruV ig q urtu I0' 'sal€uloJ '6 'CL{ pue O'C'V ul urur I'luâsârda"r(tplt ll8rr uo) saullalers Jo ellore pu€ s/v\€lrpulH

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Nrrs-r1nfl scNsrcs svsNvx .{o ^rISus^INI'I sHJ 7,çt SysrpuATrcs AND PHvlocENrr oF THE ANrHopHoRrNe Bnes +53

The Dufour's gland was frrst illustrated by Trojan teen antennal segments; males. 2 (1930). Brooks (1983) illustrated the terminalia of Six exposed metasomal terga; twelve the New World species groups. Apomorphic char- antennal segments; females . 17 acters for the genus are shown in the cladogram (Fis.40). 2. Midtarsus with middistitarsal brush (FiS. 2h), usually with midbasitarsal Knv ro SuscnNERA on' AivrlroplroRA brush also (FiS. I2c); apex of S7 later' 1. Seven exposed metasomal terga; thir- ally with two lobes , a ventral and

FIG. 10. A-E, Outer views of hind tibiae of femalesto show vestiture.A-C show band of plumose hairs along posterior margin oftibia, D and E lack such hairs. Scalelines (on lower right side) represent .1 mm. A, Anthophora(Anthophora) plumipes. B, Amegilla(Amegilla) quadrifasciata. C, Anthophora(Mysncaniho- phora)capistrata. D, A. (Heliophila) bimaculata.E, A. (Melea)abrupta. F, Ventral view of T7, A. (Heliophila) bimaculata. nllfautoulqA (qgZ '8tg) palurod -lo^ep dplzam. l.1uo serurleruos 'saqo1 'Euo1 l.11eseq a8prrq e^l€^ srued :(lgZ Ierâl€l omt rlll^A ZS Jo xadu lalqzrren 'Et.E) xadz Eurqrza"r a8pu uzlpaur I€uIp snsrelrseq pug l(a8pr"r ro r{}oo} rorr -nlr8uol qllm'paua11zg l.gzrlualosrop -eluE lnoqlr/v\ pu? pepls-[elFrsd lsourp 'l '3tg) 'aldurrs gerpaurocrde urnrpr8l,d :(qg Z snsr€lrssq pulq ueql luas -ard 1a1z"red lsotule sut8"rzur l€relel pue qloo] a18urs€ JI) prSll I€s€q r€eu t{}oo} Jolrelu€ }noqlrrvt alduls runluanl o'.TilJïtr 'aZZ,'r8tg) ,T:1:i;î' ï,i:î'J, B (pfZ aqol l€rarzl Ë;'' 'Etg) 'IZZ,'s8t.{) nllpautoqruV GçZ euo qllÀ\ ZS Jo xadz :(l "1Z aleur8reure l.lpseq '1roqs a8pr-rq e^le^ a8prr Suorls ro rllool rorrelue r{llm sruad :(fCZ'Etg) suorlf,eford padolan snsrelrszq pulq :(.:1.ZZ'Elg)prlr{} 1zseq 'uerpaurqns .L -ep dlTeem lIeurs o/vu t{}lm r33u r{}oo} rorre}u? u3 r{}l^A lun}uetrAl 'xede 't6z's8tg) Surqrea-r ]ou a8prr uerparu I€u uoposry (p -pntÉuol qllm âlsruJo runrpr8ld :(pCZ aldurrs l.11ecrdetunlleqzs ltuasqz sdeq '8tg) 'alrxocouo8 pâ^aorreu sprnl]-om] pcrde qllm -rad 3o xade r{}I/v\snoJoloJ alz8uola 'errlue l,gecrde urn11aqzld '0r -uof, snll.lsouo8 laleluaplr] alqlpuetrAtr '(E ' 'Etg) II L (tg seqot aTII 'n1t's8tg) alzur8-r€ruol.lpcrdeorperu -;aEug qll^ l,lpcrdz urn11eqeg la]txoc -ouo8 sl.ertp ]sorule 9S lsaqol leerde uoqs yo xads rrro{ pa}€f,rzurap l.1rza1o 'snoreurnu 'pazqorelrs qll1!\ ]ou ulnIleqeu pu? snq] ,(pqEr1snlr(lsouot !a1d 'alu]uaplq '9 pe/v\orJ?u ]ou spJrrl]-o/v\] pcrde ueq] -urls seurrleuros elqlpuutr I 'a;r1ue yr ro (rg 'Etg) suorlraford eill (i':1 'p 'qtI 't8lg) -ra8ug ue] o] âerr{} q}lm l,lerrde 'aplm :\.) .,,.oqdoqrun3(4(r-t perlue^ '8tg) '"reln8uelrJ puz uor{s urnfieq€U :(qt epl^À pe>Toor{pu€ peue}teg }ou ro '"reaut1 '3t.{) se 3uo1 ss pJrr{}-euo }soru le peqo[q o]rxof,ouo8 ;o xadu :(ngt 'aldurts pu€ uor{s sr(urvtp }sourls aceds r€lEtrAi sa8prr ]noqlrm gS Jo JI€r{ Iz}srçl 'Etg) 0I (qgZ seqol ntoq(oqlunqdoT ' 'niI 's8tg) porde ilutus snoreurnu q4.tn. urnileqzg (q p€rtua^ peToor{ 'Etg) 'paua11eg 'aldurts ro (pCZ pe^^orreu sprrr{}-o/vu Ier alrxouo8 Jo xadz 'attlua 'Etg) -lde qllm alz8uola Lllzcrde Iunl :(pt t sa8prr anbrlqo Eur8ranrp 'qçZ's8t.E) 'ç -lequg :QgZ aplm se Euol sz l.lpcrd€ Jo led u qllrvt 95 Jo JIer{ Ie}slCI ' '(ngt 'Etg) prrr{}-euo uzr{} erour '3uo1 aoeds ælery '6 uoqdotltuDrDJ peqol ' -l.rt Dalary s8ur>1Jzurleluorun8alur .,vto1a( Lplear't ellxof,ouo8 Jo xadz :(pA I 'Etg) 'Etg) qll^ âf,€J :QZZ off\l er{} uâe/v\}eq rslp Jo r{t8ua1 sE 3uo1 sE sotrrl} 'aseq '1roqs uorlEJJ€ruep ou ue{} Pezl}orelJs i'0 uuq] erour ou seuepode 'puorq 's8tg) Lpneaq erour ]ou â]Ixof,ouo8 Jo xade dlzorde /S :(pA suotlcaf 'aldurrs :(IZZ'8tg) aurds prrde lnoqll^\ -ord a>lll-ra8tg qll^ l.lzcrd€ urnileq€l.t ' zlqll pug lruur tI uzr{} re}€or8 qr8ual ntaqdoqruV 't8t.{) saplotoq(oqluV ' (nnuto{t1w pu€ (q-;Zt paqoilq lldaap o}Ixor 'V 'Et.{) ranrzllDa u\ rrtogal,) s8ur>1rztu plueru -ouo8 3o xade i(u7t rslp Jo r{}Euel -nEalul â]1{llt.r{}lm ereJ :G+Z'Etg) eseq su Euol se seurl] t' I ]s€el ]u sâurapode 'a1e8uo1a'parvto-treu pus xade ueamtâq uollef,Jzruep pezlu l,lprrde IS :(lZt 'q 'nB 'sFt.E) ., -€letu lf,urlslp e, qll^À (alnsdzc lelrua8 eJllue l.lecrdu urnilaqzl.t Jo uollerzdard percelr uI Lpo uaas) ç luasard pazrlorâlf,s {pneaq e}Ixorouo8 xade a1z1dprpr8dd lluasard a1e1dplqlllsefl 5o ' :$+Z's8lg) xadu s,aurdsr€eu peuesul ]uesqu + 't rnds e qtl^^ aurds ptrde Surnuq a1u1dprpr8l.d lluasqe a1e1dIUIqIIIS€g lelql] .B ''@Z '8tg)saqol elql] pulq lurur il ]sour le, r{}3ua1 9 ' '(qZS 'e1t'u8tg) 'aOI 'EgI 's8tg) 6 JIBq5o ped Trlr{} o/vur{}l^À rc (a77'pgz t{}lm gS Jolpu€ (--ç'g I -ç'ù geus aldurrs Âgz-rate1/S Jo xade isaqsnrq 'aldurrs {poq ueq} 'rqol euo q}lm ro l.geratel ,\uu lnoqtlÀ\ snsJulpltr4l 'eç2, 's8tg) 'Et.f) auo aldurrs xadu 3r :(pgZ pado g @Z lesrop

NrJsrrng scNsrss svsNvx do ^JrsusAINn sHJ tçt SysrnuATrcs AND PHvrocENy oF THE ANItHopHoRINn Bees 455

11. Length usually 9-24rnrn; 56 simple 27h) . 16 without pad of hair; gradular process 15. SB with upi-i.r.t.f -.rgin angulate, of T7 at most obtusely projecting, usu- spiculum projectitg somewhat basally ally not developed (Figs . L3c, 8, 27a); (FiS. 27b); 57 with apex shallowly apex and base of disc of 57 wider than emarginate with two weakly developed middle, apex laterally angulate cr with apicolateral lobes, apodeme with lat- two lobes as in Figures 13e, i, 169, eral process (Fig. 27d); apex of gono- 20d,27d,k. L2 coxite somewhat bilobed in pro{ile, Length usually 7 .5-13.5mm and/or 56 lower lobe weakly developed, not with with thick pad of hair (often hidden carinae, sometimes with a tooth on until sternum is relaxed and pulled lower inner margin of gonocoxite (FiS. apically); gradular process of T7 often 27e); face almost always with yellow prolonged into tooth (Figs. 30f, g) markings . Petalosternon when body size is small; apodeme of SB with apicolateral margin prolonged 57 usually short, apex of disc laterally and rounded, spiculum not easily visi- simple, not with two lobes, lateral mar- ble from ventral aspect but projecting gins of disc parallel or apically con- dorsally at a 90 degree angle (FiS. verging, or if narrowed medially then 16h); 57 with apex distinctly emargi- apex of disc laterally simple as in Fig- nate with two strong apicolateral lobes, ures 30e, 30j, 32e, 32i . . Heliophila apodeme without lateral process (FiS. 12. Pygidial plate present (Figs. 13c, g), 16S); apex of gonocoxite complex in sometimes lateral tooth below pygidial profile with dorsoventral and lateral plate also present (Figs. 20h, i, k); carinae (FiS. 16k) ; face with white gradular process of T7 sometimes markings . . Mlttacanthophora present . . 13 16. T7 with two short submedian teeth, Pygidial plate and lateral tooth absent, their bases separated by convex lamel- apex of T7 with two submedian teeth late (FiS. 19d) or angular apical mar- (Figs . 27a, f); gradular process of T7 gin; median longitudinal carina often absent I+ present; actual apical zorte of T7 as 13. Basitibial plate present (FiS. 29a) and seen from ventral view, narrow where hind basitarsus simple, nearly parallel- bent anteroventrad as in Figure 27 a; sided; pygidial plate with margin cari- hind basitarsus anteriorly with tooth, nate and not concave (Fig. 13c); grad- blunt process or longitudinal ridge ular process of T7 sometimes present (Figs. 19g, 20g, j, o); apodemes of 57 (Fig. 13c). . Pltganthophora(in part) almost always short (see character j of Basitibial plate absent or if present, Paramegilla), .34- .7 B as long as length then hind basitarsus with anterior of disc, lateral process absent (Figs. " process dilated, not parallel-sided; py- 19e, 20d); apex of gonocoxite in profile gidial plate with margin rounded, al- simple to weakly bilobed (Figs. 19b, most never carinate (Figs. 20h, i, k-m) 20b). . . Paramegilla (in part) if carin ate, then lateral margin concave T7 with two long submedian teeth, (FiS. 20n); gradular process of T7 their bases separated by rounded api- absent . Paramegilla (in part) cal margin; actual apical zone of T7 as t+. 57 apically broad as in Figures 169, seen from ventral view wide where 27d; SB with broad, deep apical emar- bent ventroanteriad (FiS. 27f); hind gination (weak in A. calcarata), lateral basitarsus almost paralled-sided, ante- margin on apical half concave (Figs. riorly simple; apodemes of 57 long, 16h, 27b) 15 1.00- L.7 5 as long as length of disc, 57 apically narrow as in Figures 19e, lateral process present (Fig. 27k); apex 27k; SB with narrow shallow apical of gonocoxite in profile deeply bilobed emargination ,Iateral margin on apical (Figs.27il.. . Dasltmegilla half angulate or concave (Figs. 19c, t7. Flabellum narrowly elongate, apically 'elrxoJouo8 yo xede pu€ elnsdec 1e1rua3Jo r*âI^ Ierlue^ ' 'O 'oTonsn{tqonb ounq.rn (nt oq d oqTuo cn\ s (7,,y) ot oq d otltuv' g. (n11fawy) o11fau.{V pue nsua{tnban (n^rotldoqtun 'fl 'V 'ssaco-rd 'sn1l.1souo8- 'snlzur_ -nTsdyy)uoq(oqruV Jo al€ural 3o srp8rrls Ieurref, Ierelzl - dl 3 rrr 'urnlan- 'alnsduc 'I 'CId n lurru I' }uâserdar(rplr rq8rruo) saurl el€)S 1e1rue3pu€ reueelf, l€uueluv I

-laq"H 'Etg) ql8ual ur pnba I âraruoga8eg il(nnxa :GZl eplm se Euol sz prlr{} 'V) -euo 'padola^ap esournld edors Jo auoz Ieurpnlr8uol lsour le llarlt dlare-r '1-roqs rorrelsod qlrm pue plro6 plo eq] uro{ sLz^,ntp lsotule acuds ruletrAi ' uaql qloo] qll^A JI] qloo] rolreluz lno 6I â01 a"rn8r.{ul 'aldurrs zlql} pulq -qll^ prlr{} Ieszq uo run}uatrAtr sz aldurrs srrer{ ledocs q}lm IZ ;o ur8r€tu leulpnlr8uol rotratsod :(qgZ ' 'Etg) rat{}â8ot ueTe} serouroga8ug g'g-i'Z seqol lzcrdz llzurs snorerunu 'Etg) pe^\orreu JXeu o] {}3ua1 ur lenba I erâuroga8eg qllm urnileqzg ro (pçZ 'Etg) :QZZ qlool rolrelue padola^ap sprlq]-o1ûl lecrdz qll^ alz8uola urnl 'sEI.{) e qll^ prlr{l psEq rEeu unluetr '02 -laqzg :(rgZ'qçe ,pl^ sz Euol s€ IIa1!{' l .BI prlr{}-euo ueq} erotu 'Euo1 acuds r€letrAl to ' ?:':::##"^ ? i,L'J'il:l, iïff 0Z râr{}a8ot ueT"l seraruol u,,' r, ' ollpautoq?uv (pCZ -1a8egç'ç-Z'Z ryau ol {r8ua1 ur pnba 1 '8tg) 'Etg) pe^\orreu sprn{}-o^u q4llt ereurolla8eg :(rg seqol pcrdz e{ll lecrde 'aplm eletuola 'a;rlue Llleerde unileqelg '6I -ra8ug 3uo1 lnteJqtlm urnlleqzl,{ 'Jls 's ' '8tg) ntoqdoqruV' (pZt asournld BI ' srrzr{ pdors qtlm zlql} pulr{ Jo ur8reur roqle8or ue{"} sereruollaFeg0'+-Z'I pu1pnlr8uol rorralsod :(fZt'8tg) ârrl ]xeu o] r{}Eua1 uI lznba I eJOuolla8 'sprrq]-olvu '8tg) '1roqs -ua xade prrdz uI pemoJreu -uH :(qgZ seqol 11uurs sno 'papls -rerunu 'eB 's8tg) orllua lou lalzred ssel ro erolu urnl qlrm ro (pCZ Nrrs-rTnfl scNsrcs svsNVN .{o ^Jrsus^rNfL sHJ 9çt SvsrnuATrcs AND PHvrocENY oF THE ANrHoPHoRrNn BeBs 457

to next 2.2-5 .5 flagellomeres taken together . 22 Da sy m; g'i u o, t ;eî:#;:l'f,: :,' oI;:, :,:;?o: 2r. Hind basitarsus with posterior distal ophora in part) , Paramegilla (ir part), process acute (Figs. 22h, 23c); 56 with Petalosternln and Pltganthophora subapical tooth; posterior margin of - Clypeus flattened, with hairs apically hind tibia with simple hair (Figs. 10e, hooked or wavy, with a basal pecten 22h); body longer than 13 mm (Figs . 17 a-e); flagellomere 1 equal in t trtro length to next 2.2-3 .4 flagellomeres Hind basitarsus with posterior distal "rr,,' process blunt as in Figure L2d; S6 :*:i :'::': ",à,i,eio,o1 i,, p*iy without subapical tooth; posterior Subgenws Anthophora Latreille s. str. margin of hind tibia with plumose hair PodaliriusLatreille , l}02a, p. 430. Name suppressedby' (FiS. 10a); body no longer than 13 mm ICZN Opinion 151 (Hemming, l9++). AnthophoraLatreille, 1803, p. 167. 22. port.ri.;' - urgir' ;i n;A*!#rT";{:; Typ. species: Apis pilipes Fabricius, 1775 (-Ap;t simple hair (Figs. 10d, e, 22h); length plumipesPallas, 1772, see Comments)designated type List of Generic Names . and Anthophoraput on Official 6-15mm. 23 by ICZN, Opinion 151 (Hemming, l9++). Posterior margin of hind tibia with Lasius Panzer, 1804, H. 86, T. 16. New Synonym. plumose hair (Figs. 10a, c, l2d); Typ. species:Lasius saluiae Panzer, 1804 (: AnthoQhora length rc-2+ mm . 2+ crinipesSmith, 1854, p. 324). Monobasic. (See No- 23. Face black, body length l2-I4 mm; menclatorial H istory). MegillaFabricius, [1805], p. 328. See Richards (1935) Mediterranean region . for comment on the date. Paramegilla (in part) Typ. species:Apis pilipes Fabricius, 1775, designated Face almost always with yellow to by Michener, 1984, p. 139. white integumental markings and Diagnosis. Male without pygidial plate, Ylt]r body length 6-15 mm; if face black two sùbmedian teeth on apex of T7 (FiS. 12k); midbasitarsal, middistitarsal brushes then length from 1 1- 13 mm and south- midtarsal, of male almost always present (Fig. I2c); 57 on ern African in distribution . lateral margin of disc with two well developed Heliophila lobes, a dorial and a ventral one, apodeme long, 24. Clypeus almost always black, rarely never with lateral tooth (FiS. 12n); SB wide short and with pale integumental marking, if apically,'(Fig. spiculum from ventral aspect biunt l2î); apex of gonocoxite deeply markings are present then not in shape ( (T" bilobed'(F-igs . l2f , g); flabellum apically entire, of inverted or if in shape of not lobeà 14); basitibial plate of male "T" lfig. inverted , then flagellomere 1 weakly delimited to absent. longer than combined lengths of next Deicription. a. Flagellar segment 1 of female length of next 3.25-+.04 segments to- three flagellomeres 25 equal to g.ih.t; of mâle to next 2.00-3.75 segments. P Clypeus with pale integumental mark- markings, of female ( (T' ) Fu.. of male with yellow irg in shape of inverted (FiS. black (except labrum of A. melanognathahas light- 1BS); flagellomere 1 equal in length to yellow'spot); mandible of male with palg spot. c. five times wider than next 2.2-3 .0 flagellomeres taken to- Malar spuce of female about long, of male about six times wider than gether . Caranthophora(in part) Jo-"Si flabëilum apically simple, without deeply lobed 25. Metasoma with apical bands of hair anteriot *atgin (Fig. 12j); mentum simple with- complete and/or surface covered with out anterior iooth basally, mentum about .6-.7 as as semi-erect to erect hair. . 26 long as prementum; paraglossa about .6-.8 lonf as itipes. d. Midtarsal brush of male well Metasoma with apical bands of hair -(Fig devéloped . l2c) (except absent in lanata, interrupted medially or surface cov- weakly devèloped in fuluitarses and subterranga)..e. ered evenly with appressed hair (Figs" Midbasitarsal brush of male well developed (Fig. 2 1c-e) . . Paramegilla (in part) I2c) (except absent in lanata), f . Middistitarsal (Fig. 12c) (except 26. Clypeus normal, without apically brush' of male well developed weakly developed in lanata). g. Hind basitarsus of hooked or wavy hairs or basal pecten; of male simple Gtigs'defined . l2a, b). h. BasitiEi4 plate flagellomere 1 equal in length to next male podrly to absent. i. 56 of male 2.2-5.5 flagellomeres taken together apicomediaily emarginate [emargination slight to ',\ 'lS 'rslp '/S '1q '141'rnar,r 'e1eur;o '1 'itlara '(pallruo âr^ lertuo^ p,re ,t,râr^oprs ["Jlue^ 99 ps.rop 'y '^el^ 'urnleqelg 'f 'srr,rera 'alnsdeo leq) apu Jo l,J Jo xady Jor.râlrre âprs pu" Ierluâ^osrop 'g 'g 'aprue; 'peeq 'ta1 'g 'q '(rvrer,r I"rIu3C go ^4,âr^eprs pue ,v\el^ Jotno pur11 relno) epur;o Ealpnu 'p 'g '(aler,r 'V 'gggo 'qsnrq pue purH "re1no)8a1 pulH xede;o sserord uerpeuens:dus lusrelprur 3qsruq 'qsnrq 'BS;o =qtur lesr"lrlsrppru:qpur lusrelrs"qprrll-qq* xede yo ssacord lerer€l=dl :sa(ryn1((y) 'ts 'N-I 'g-g iapur 'm1îouâouo1rw('ù 'V '11i''V 'Droqdotlruysnua8qns o"rot1{orltuy'ZI 'CIt

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Nrrg-r-Infl scNsrcs svsNvx .{o Àrlsug^IN^o sHJ ,91 I ? r I i{

L I SvsrBuATIcs AND PHvrocENY oF THE ANrHoPHoRrNn Bnns +65 I t Etymologlt. Lopho.s(Gr.), ridge or crest, indicat- Porterae Species Group !t the distal half I ing the apically diverging ridges on b. Labrum of male medioapically with a I of 56 of the male, plus Anthophora. weakly emarginate projection, apical margin sometimes flexed outwardly, greatly produced. e. Dispar Species Group Midbasitarsal brush of male absent (weakly pre- b. Labrum of male apically with three projec- sent in A. atricilla), though ursina and dammersi tions, median projection emarginate, suggesting have an apparently different, derived, dense that of many Heliophila rnales (Fig. 301). e. Mid- group of flattened, orange hairs in the same basitarsal brush of male well developed (FiS. position as a basitarsal brush. f. Middistitarsal 15a), occupying one-third to one-half length of brush of male weakly to well developed. g. Hind basitarsus. f. Middistitarsal brush of male well basitarsus of male flattened. i. 56 of male apically developed (Fig. 15a). g. Hind basitarsus of male entire (sometimes emarginate as in ffinis, agama, somewhat round in cross section and dilated. i. biciliata,, disparilis, neglecta, robusta, turcomanica, and 56 of male apically emarginate medially with a ursina), with a shallow depression on each side large, deep depression on each side of disc (Fig. (FiS. 14d) (depression absent in disparilis); 56 of 14f); 56 of female normal without median sub- female normal, without median subapical projec- apical projection.-of j. Disc of 57 of male bry_ally- tion. j. Disc of 57 of male with a basal pair of dark with pàir tooth-like protuberances. k. SB of scleroti zed areas and/or tooth-like protuberances male itrongly angulatç apicolaterally. m. Gono- (Fig. 14e). k. SB of male apicolaterally rounded stylus of male round in cross section, about 3.5 (FiS. 1aS). m. Gonostylus of male flattened to times as long as wide. n. Apex of penis valve round in cross section, short to long, 2.5-8.5 about 1 .6 times as long as wide viewed apicodor- times as long as wide (Figs . l4a, b) (long in sally. o. Penis valve bridge basally emarginate, atricilla, and turcomanica, 20 times longer than !.7'times as long as wide. p. Pygidial plate of wide). n. Penis valve apex about as long as wide male not distinct, represented as a median shelf- as viewed apicodorsally. o. Penis valve bridge like projection, apically wide, about .4 times the basally emarginate, | .6-2.3 times as long as wide, distance between the apices of gradular processes. short in disparilis, 1.0). p. Pygidial plate of male q. First recurrent vein joining submarginal cell 2 distinct, apically wide, about 0.3 the distance distad of midpoint. r. Sting in repose attaining between apices of gradular processes (Fig. 15c). apex of gonostylus, about twice as long as gono- q. First recurrent vein joining submarginal cell 2 stylus.' basal to or distal to midpoint. r. Sting in repose Included Speciesand Biologlt Included here is only attaining or slightly surpassing apex of gonosty- one Meditérranean species , A. (Lophanthophora) lus, 2-3 times as long as gonostylus. dispar Lepeletier, the biology of which in Egypt Comments. A. disparilis Friese is a strange spe- *as desciibed by Ibrahim (1976, as A. speciosa cies in that the male has an all black labrum, Friese). greatly flattened hind basitarsus with a tooth and

FIG. 15. Anthophora subgenus Lophanthophora,males. gp:gradular process, mbb:midbasitarsal brush, mdb:middistitarsal brush, mtb=midtarsal brush, pp=pygidial plate. A, Midleg of A. (L.) dispar, outer view. B, C, A. (L.) porterae,midleg, outer view and apex of T7 (hair is omitted), dorsal view. D, A (L.) hispanica,midleg, outer view. 's^ 'y 'f 'mer,r 'qg '1 'alar,r ,gg ,11 .alarzr ar^ âprs pu" pJtue^osrop elnsdec Flruac lsJluâ^ ["rlua^ 'C) 'aa,er,r 'g '/l^erzr 's^ l€rluo^'49 leJluâ^'99 psrop'4;;o xedy'q âr^ eprspue pJtuâ^osrop ,elnsder 'g 'p 'a,rerrr 'urnlloq€l{ 'g (Treur I€lluâc JorJelu? 'ecug 'y '1.rzur paddpe.rdns = rus relncoe-red- urd 'ssacord 'sselord 'cI 'y .DuDqrn lsurref, ["râl"l:Jl leurr"f, pJrue^osrop-c^p ur pellruro trc:g. 'V'g'3 (fu louoluow('fu 'V 'X-.{ ,C ,g ,y .sepur ,otot$orquotoîst74Jsnue8qns otorl{otltuy.gI .C1g

'pecsaleor 'uorlnqlrlslp pueq lecrde Trlrl] e Eururroy sgnl rlerl ur u?3uBr 's8tg) 'srnoq TrBIq ro (tIr'ILt rler{ TcslqJo sgn} pcrde -râlrpetr tr er€ qlofl suol!1ru pve (snrcrrqeg) '.(nsua(tnba"ro''e'l) rnoJ I{}1,t\ pegrpour e1etu Jo çS octuo(stt1 papnltuJ 'pacnpord @"rotldoqtuotldoT)'V'sa4ca{g'llrdv elecunrl urEreur lecrde 3o prlrl] uelp ol rlrr€trtr -eur qlliv\ Jo '(stsuauntnd ''o'l) uorleur8rerrra lvrol rrro{ dg dnort srrlt srequroruaql '6op7g 'uerpeur Jo -ler{s q}yv\ Jo eJr}ua ur8reur pcrds e^Bq 'snldlsouo8 se Euol se ecr/vu 'sn1d1s '09 'Etg) sarcads uzf,rreruv t{lnog I uorsserdep -ouot yo xade turssedrns dpqtqs asoder ur turlg 'dgerpaurocrde 'r 'lurodpltu 1eretel € rl]r/v\ a]eurtrerue l'peorq ol lelslp Z IIar pur8reuqns tururof 'l 'Qylqnm 'b 'sassacord dlpnsn eptu Jo gS pue nlo"t1s1{oc ure^ ]uerrncer lsrld relnper8 Jo 'epuvr uI pougep [Ie/v\) tuasqe o] peuuap dlrood sder"rp secrde uaa/vueq acuelslp Jo Z' tnoqe dgecrde 'r{ 'eplÀ\ '1cur1srp 'd 'eprr* lsoruls aletu ;o a1e1dl€lqllrseg se tuol se âleru 5o areld lerprtd4 se Euol se 'qlael 'aldrurs 'arrlua sâtul] eârql lnoqe lnoqlr/v\ aleur Jo serurl g'Z-g' I ol eleurtrenra dlleseq a^F^ '8 '(s11oatoq 'o (lpsropocrde snsrellseq pulH pve llqslDm ur dp1ea.,ur sruad Jo a8prrg pe/v\erl eplrur 'u 'âpI^{. luaserd) luasqe epru Jo qsnrq se Euol sB a^[e^ sruad xady se tuol se 'J ']u3sq3 lesrelrlslppltr\tr 5o âl?ru Jo sâqsruq Issr€lrssqplul pue serull t' +-['t'uoqs'peue]]gu olstu So snlftsouoC 'e-p 'sadrls -Bg' 'ru 'papunor 'T 'rltoo] IesrelprtrN se 8uo1 s€ g L' essolt dgerelelocrd€ el€ru Jo BS -ercd 'eate iurntueurard se Euol se Æ'-gZ,' runluoru ou pezrlorelrs {rep dpo qtlÀ\ dlpseqore}Bl 'prFn 'aldrurs 'oc1un{s1,q'V l€s€q uo qlool JorJelue lnoqlrrvr urnl eleru Jo ZS Jo rslçl | ul uor}caford -ueru 'tt.t) :(qgt seqol all-ra8ug lecrde l€râ^os uerpâru qtyv\ oleureJ Jo 9S iuotssard lecrdeqns 'aleur8rstue tltlÀ\ Irrnileqeg i8uol se epr/v\ ss serurt 0I-g eleur -ep Isra]?I lnoqlr/v\ l€u sslp Â11uer* 'tuo1 'l 'pauolteg Jo se epyit se sarur] gI-ç apuroJ Jo aceds o] ârrJue dllerparuocrde âFur Jo gS 'c '(nuoqm 'n1octty 'y4oo{ 'nsua{mb 't '(pçt 'ttg) reletrAI pue eleru Jo snsrelrseq pulH pado -atp 'q1oatoq 'ltnqoq 'flsuautprlaq 'J 'sns uo luesq€ uelcad -[e^ep dplear'r el€ru Jo gsnrq lesr€]l]slpplntr 'stlg) '(pçl rolpue srrerl peToor{) (r-n tt .srrer{ dnean ro -relrsuq Jo rptual squnoJ-eerql turddncco 'goqs 'Etd pe{ooq dgecrde qtp\ pera^or dgensn pue padolenap ile/r\ eleru Jo qsnrq lusrelrs€q ualcad e qlp\ dgeseq ueryo snaddlc :[(tOt 'ttg) -pll4t 'o 'luesard uotlceford uerpaur 'aleurEreruâ 'q snaddlc uo ollqil\ qlyv\ sxsuauoqoq tdacxa] {relq dl4earvr ro orrtua l.11ecrde aleur Jo LunrqeT el€ural ereJ l(s1rd rorre]u€ uo slods Jo [erro]uâ] dnorg sercadg ectuedstll .EISV Trelq roJ tdacxa erlga dleteldtuoc snoddlc ar\pq 'ouoqtn '1ttot1oq 'edorng 'sa1e1g onq{oqruV ueem}uv eg} pue }€r{l Frluef, ol BOII;V quou pallun 'ttg) aql dgeraue8 punoJ pus cr]f,r€lorl ldacxe) (ngl eete TOEIq l€ra]Blorrde q]lù\ lnoqtnorq] e^rlcurlsrp sneddlc uo Surlrerrr epd '(lods sr o"toqdotl\unq{07'uossâJC Duzsrn pue'z1rufr Fwq '(E.lX) 'eserrg ou r{tlÀ\ yyoo{ pue rolltttl ueell}uv eq} -rotr\i Detunzazernl D$nqlr nso4at{ ldecxa) 'gera>1coJ 'uossârg 'esalu;ù dgeseq lods arlqm r{tl^À elqrpueur lparolor-ru€err anraund ocfico( stquaa 's8urlretu -xaaxu 'gare1co3 âTelrequrll n\nllau 'eserrg dlpuors€JJo elrq/v\ rlllù\ eleur Jo eced T 'q 'stueu8es '(+'t 'szsuauolnd'V) Dnlnrnta'o>lueqcslped o1oq(acouz1aza'oluaqcslped 0'U -0'I âFur Jo o3l' oluaqcslpe.{ tuuDtilaulaq' zlr rv\eroIN Ds rur7nn{ raqta8ol slueru8es g'g-Z'f, lxau 3o çEuâl ol pnba lqt 'e 'uotg(ucsaq 'opoqrrg nlnuaqn{ 'gara>1co3 nntopa{ 'asarrg âprrreJ Jo y luaur8as rega8elg .ellq|\ szyuo{stp 'alelrequll tsrauazaap 'alelraqurlJ 'cat 's8t.f) otlruuïotdoc 'rartaladel suaesn.tautt 'olueqcsrpâd durearc ol elrq/v\ âleru Jo ereJ !(a nuoqrn 'tr sarJadt 'S 'n uJelse/v\ ur eurruo îutssap'opoqrrg sqalang'o4uaqcsrpad tmouoploq ]uaserd IeJlueA 'oluaqcsrpad -osrop dpo '(r[ 'lgt 'sEt.E)€urr€r pue oqotcso{tq'rerloledo-I otnlllelq'uuuru Ier]ue^osrop 'a>1crpa11 'd1smo>lzsopel{ e q]r/v\ xelduroJ eletu âlrxocouot xade -srâ^g DlllclrtD qasuo [€re]€l Jo ;o pu,pîo 'opoqrrg '?ll-fl 'uossar3 :(qgt 'Elg) qloo] q}l^À (geralel as€q 'aqol n\opaqo{o slup uot{s 'V 'saltadg pedolanap rll1,v\ e]eurtrerue (1deep slfqop (ntoqdoqtuoqdoT) papnlcu7 I€rolel 11o/n\ '(tgOy 'oluaqcp€ll) pue dlpeorq epur :(Egf 'Elg) eere ruelf, u/v\ouT x QQsmqzsopor Jo BS (Eolorq u€ r{}rlv\ ra}uâc 'aPI^ peorq sslP 'seqo1 w) quy$o Jo oql dpo plro6 plo Ie^o Pu? '('ururoc 'sred 'otqcro; xade eq] q a) qetn w ]lnp€ l€re]el padolenep [e/v\ o/vu q]le\ a1eruJo ZS yo 'v 'cr1ca1 'l 'sEI.{ u3 s€ sJelur/v\Jâ^o oc{tco{ $ee| te pue :Gtt Jgl pue I ralcereqc ees) pegrpour (peer8 -d1od ere u/v\ou{ er€ s}rq€q esoq n o,toqdoqruoqdoT 9S pue çS rlll^À sder*p lsotule el€tu l(a-e 4 'sEt.E) uatcad € qlr/v\ dgeseq uâUo pue srr€r.{dner* 11V ,(nlrrI o] drenrqed ruo{ dg serceds crlcreepd '(raqura^oN ro pe{oor{ dgecrde rplm dgensn snaddlc erl1 se dlree se sexal uI sprorer trera 'S 'O 'ace; 1I{EIUpue lsn8ny ur petrelloc sueurtceds orntr lada Jo r{}pl/v\ B' }soru }e elgord ur snaddlc 'stsouflotq 'sr xâAuoJ dllearvr ro leg r{l1,v\ eleured uâoq e^eq eror{}) Âpf o} drenuef plur tuo{ 1eq} 'Jeururns dlree ol turrds uro{ e^r}J€ er€ ntoqdo '6981 'uossarC Duuluowo,totldo?tîuv :sarcadg add; '6op1g -qtuoqdoT Jo sarceds ueclrâruv {1ro51 'alnsdec snua8qns ateu o"toq{otltuoco\s[y4J plrua8 pue BS pu€ 4g pcrddluou

NrrsTrng scNsrcs svsNv) do ÀrrsusAINI) sHJ 99i I r I

7 SysrpuATrcs AND PHvrocENy oF THE ANrHopHoRrNB BBes +67

{ I i, I

I I I

{I I I I f I t 'V 'sluaza?aoC rre ser{ apureJ erIJ'sreloereqJ snoqdroruorsald Jo sorres ed& or{} Jo ,(pn1s e ruord 'V ,sercads lsoru eql Eur,req euo eql sr Duoqrn 'snldlsouot go xede n,roqdoqtuoco\s[y47Euoury'(îop4g puD sruaîazaoC Eurpee_cxadpear8 asoder ur Eurlg 'J 'uorldrrJsap ;1 'snldlsouo8 xade Ewurulte crrouatqns ur poleorpur se sn1(lsouot xady 3o lsotu1e '(tgl 'Elg) 5o esodar ur turlg 'r '(a 'ca[ 'sElg) eurr?c uorldrrcsep rrrauaEqns w palerrpur sP ]uesqe 'tlg) pue padolanap ssel eurreJ peslporu aptu Jo çS :Ggl rlerl >tcelqJo rJnr Frelel Isrlue^osrop 'padole^ap r{}lÀ\ âl€ru snldlsouo8 xady .l .pesrpour Fratel a8rel e qlrff\ d11eam sarurleruos Jo Jo 'e8prr pepunor uerpetu B r{}r/v\ epur ]ou oleru Jo çS lrreq Trelq Jo Unr 1eratel ou leurpnlr8uol 'l 'paglporuun dlpuorsecro ro uorlducsap pus a8prr pepunor l€urpn1r8uo1 uerpetu e ]noqlr/v\ Jo 9S 'l 'e33J 'q cuauaEqns w ss pegrpotrr ere1 .q aptu Jo 9S pâUlpourun qll/v\ e[etuad r{ll^À eprrred dnorg sercadg €ueqrn dnorg sarcedg eueluotrAtr 'uoxel '€rreqrs ol u"rl pâl?leJ B Jo arusu 3 'ntotldotltzy 'snadl,1c pue adorng ur rnroo 'lttoqoq pue slloaroq snld epureJ eqr Jo eseq erll ]B 1erluaC 'dr1 'sarcads plro6 plo 'Fserg uretnnos ol €urlue8ry e"las pegrpour eql o1 turrra;er xserd e reddn '('rC) '(EoTowQg pue urequou ssorJe pue ellqC 'o8er] aql uodn rler{ eq} socoys[747 I€rtuâc ls€e 'stsou7otq -ues tnoqe ol euoz ueepuv âr{} ut q}nos 'elenze aql ur ue^rt sra] -cer€rlc -ue6 'uplr?Irrl ruor; rnJJo sorceds uecrreurV rpnog aqt dq onq{oqruV p eraue8qns raq}o ruor; '}uerur1 paleredes eq dppeer uer 'o"rotldotlguocogs(747o1 er{J tules o1 (ecruuref ruo{ u/v\ouT }ou tI snuetqns due Euqurl serqdrourodeuds tnq) BqnC pus seruer{efl eq} tuor; rnrco '(ZOO1) ou punoJ 'selqurasar esârrd dq palsrl 'sarceds ueal[]uv er{J 'eqo}ruutrAtr e^eq I ]nq dlprcgradns ssel ro eroru 'ntor1{oqruDn7 pu? ue/vl.erlrl?Ts?s 'eueqly 'erqurnloc qsrlrrg ]l r{rlt{^À o} pelelor sr }l sdeqra4 Jo 'ârncsqo seere urarpnos eql ur punoJ are deql dlpuoplppv sur€rrret o.toqdoqruVp eraue8qns rarllo ol 'selels onqdotltuocoçs(741yo drqsuorleler eql'sîunaralJ urels€erllnos eql ldecxa selels pellun 'uosserC eql Jo lsoru râ^o rnrro dr.{J llqspm pue ','%,.{itrï1 I -ouo8 'asarrg rolotzsnn '(snrclrqe.{) nllezrl'prelce suo4Q ;o q,8uer uerr] ;Sî"? (i';ît*: I 4 -urelte 'traqruloH 'uosser3 'elo Lpo Eurts qlp\ DuDqm ldacxa) snldlsouot I -lld nsuauon( pupluuru Jo xede Ewssedrns dpuecgru8rs esoder ur Eurlg -ulds o4aeu! ',{llrrrs s!^tDllq'pro;rvre t3 nyoo{ 'pqce6 'r 'lurodpltu i ot lelslp Z 11a] purtreuqns Sururol sllDs.top 'uossar3 oqnt4sp(oc 'z1mtero141 sllDanq 'b 'luesqe ure^ ]ueJrnoer lsrrd eleru Jo LLJo sse I ''ds 'u ''ds 'u 'uossar3 'Etg) xqnqoq szsuaaoqnq opJlD -cord relnpert :(pgt lueserd uortcalord e]uu 'saqlarg 'd>lllorqeg 'asarrg 'a>1q-y1aqs nsua(mban Dîottpuo -r8reura dpeorq e dgerparuocrde ]nq 'V'saya{g 'd 'aprrrr s(anq1o (o"rotldotlguocoçs(74fl papnltuJ ]uasqe e1uur;o e1e1dlerprEd4 ueqt retuol 'ateurtrsrua 'u/v\ou1 st (tgOy 'e,rodo6;) sgoatoq,l1uo go (tolorq sârurl 0' Z-ç' I lnoqp dgeseq e^le^ 'o 'fsl1oatoq '8tg) 'plro6 '(gçO ''Ie sruad 3o etprrg pue (qOt ltnrloq eqr plo eq] uI I ]e rouaqcrtrAl 'tlg) 'rarrruef 'rarnuef) ur rrerl uor{s Jo r{rred punor] (fgt rleq 8uo1 :çç61 ogtacut se sxsuaunro{ pue 'rreq 'elanzuale1 Jo r{c}ed punor e r{}ur{ dgerluan uoqs q}yr\ (OgO1 pue drreneqclg) o4aeuî :u/v\ouT '(lesropocrde pere^oJ xede Jo unsrop pe/v\er^ sr orotldoq\uoto\s(741u€crreruv erl} o/v\} {}nog Jo s? app\ se Euol su serurl L'T-1'I e^ls^ sruad d5olorq Eurlseu eql 'nroqdot1quoco\sf,74Jueepr{C 'u '[durnq ;o yo xady IIBurs e dq dpo pe]uaserdar dng 'luasqe '(qffi 'Etg) Jo rsll e aneE (lçel) l'pf plul o] reqolro tsorule sqDanq Jo ]er{r aplû\ ruo{ sr serceds uecrreruv {}nog 3o dlrnrtJe }lnpv se 8uo1 sB serurt ç'Z'goqs lupqlq Jo leql] opr/v\sB 'otortv 'V '[(r'rgI Io dtolorq Jelrq e senr8 (ZgOl) olos tuol se serurl çt-9 eletu;o sn1&souoC'ur 'stt.f) ounqm w eulrer (l 'fgt 's8tg) odely pue o.roqdoq\uoco\s(741uuqnC Jo ]sll e anet luesqe lereletl (glOl) neur1e61 odely 'raqruereq o] ("IN ruor; (dletuozrroq) dgerelel peuollrsod euo lecrde pue dgertua^osJop Euruunr euo 'a?uu?J dg sarcads uea11rluv 'ocrxetr ur reqrueoeq p1ur 1ewq tr e1q-e1e1d o/vu ql1,v\ alerrr elrxocouot xady ot ue^e pue reqolro o1 prdy ppr ruor; ,lg ototld Jo ;o 'l ']uesqe dlpnsn uorlezrloralcs laprs -0t!ruDm7s(7a7 '6op1g leurpnlrtuol p sarceds uecrreruV r{uo111 r{J?e uo eqol 3 r{}r/v\ dlerpaur aleur8rsrue dpeorq 'eelesorJeru dpo e^€r{ 'tlg) 'T 'rslp;o xade qlp\ (qgl aptuJo BS qfual 'sneddlc 'Etg) 'goqs rurroqdoqluv rerllo aq] uo (rg se Euol sB 0' I -g'0 aurapode lseare pezrl âelesoJf,eru pue oJcrru qloq Jo âJueserd eql sr serJ -orelcs {J€p ro seJuerâqn}ord lnoq}r^r. osrp dpseq '[(rOt 'Etg) -eds per"J-lBU or{l5o dqdrourode dqlromelou eqol atrel q]l^À srlunoJ-earq] lecrde V 'e1e1n8ue '.toloex.tlpu? slr0l!ît le urtreur 1erel€l urtreur Frelelocrde Jo 'pacnpord qlyv\ dpeorqtuuqoq p l"ql] aleur8rsrua sruroJ Jrueleur er€ ere\l lonq(oqguoco\sf,W ur uoru 'Elg) -tuoJun 'o/v\l dpzorq xade qly'\ (Egl epruJo IS;o csrq'[ lou sI IusIlsIIIoJI{JIq eq} uaa/v$eq '[Gtt 'Etg) 'xlawoesa rler{ u^ô.orqJo pueq lecrde q}l/n\ ltrDtlnq seruereJlp 1erT8oloqdroru ou er€ erer{J pue lprqf Fseq uo rrerl el51/v\Jo pueq esre^suer] [11Bern pue nsua{tnba.tpparrer{-aled eq} uee^r} 'errlua 'rleq {retq osuâp e qlyr\ ut8renr pcrde {cBIq -eq uorleperErelur pe/v\oqs serJes eq] ur se[BruaJ 'lerurou ]noqlr/v\ sllnaoq larrlua ur8renr lecrde t( 'nsua(tnban 'tlg) 'pecnpo-rd eql yo ruroJ cruelar,u eqr sr zlazuozsa Duoqn ur rdacxa] (lgl âlerurul 'tlawocsa Ê teqr tuaredde erueJeq 1l pue nsua(tnban dpuorq ur8reur pcrde prltll uerpau :(lgt 'ttg) ll Jo NrrsT-rng scNsrcs svsNvx Jo Àrrsus^rNn sHJ B9r SvsrnuATrcs AND PHvI-ocENY OF THE ANTHOPHORINN BNNS +69 unmodified face and the male has an unmodified Included Species. A. (Mystacanthophora) urbana "primitive" 55, 56 and genitalia. A. urbanais at least bivoltine Cresson. Even though it is a species, (Mayer andJohansen, 1976), flying from the end it has the largest range of any North American of March to mid November. Mltstacanthophora- Texas and Nebraska (exclud-

FIG. 17. Anthophorasubgenus Mystacanthophora.Scale lines (on right side) represent .1 mm; fs=flattenedorroundstouiseta.hs=apicallyhookedsetaofpecten.A,B,Anthophoracapistratafemale, face and closeup of baseof clypeus.C, A. montana,base of clypeusof female. D,E, A. arequipensisand A. hitaris, uppei part of clypeus of females. F, A. walshii, ventral view of male metasoma showing pattern of pubescenceof 55-56. (TJelq rlllù\ serurleruos epureJ yo !s8urTretu rurogad -ropocrde pa/v\ar^ epl^À se 3uo1 se sorurl B'Z-+'Z 'rvro11ad 'geurs 'u 'epl/v\ 1{Errq dgeuors€f,f,o }qEII ot e}Iq./v\Ltueerc pu€ 1v\oJJ€ue^le^ sruad 3o xady 'q 's}uourtas 'uorlcss r{}l^À âl€ur Jo or€d Z'g-ç'l txeu o} uegl ratuol seurrl 0'0I -B'1n ssoJc ur punoJ 'sluatu8es 'poqs 'a1eur 'ru '(qgt 'Elg) eleur Jo 0'1.Z'f, txau yo çEuel ol lenbe ol leg go snlL]souoC 'e 'uoq{ucsaq âl€urâJ 1 luatutes reletelg suorlcalord esaql due uo euJog ]ou snldlsouo8 Jo 'lo1o.lowa{ ;o pue (.rOU lsuorlcaford g qll^À 'Âgeralel pa/v\or^ 'a1eur ell '8ld '7 Jo lanrnaqnq ldacxa] sur8reur e]euusr lno -xoJouoE xedy 'l ']uasqe uorlezrlorelrs 'l 'qgz 'p6I 'ttt.E) Jo leurpnt -r{}lû\ e1e1dprpr8(d pue (--T -rtuo1 :(rgt 'tlg) popunor pue padole,rep dp1ee.,vr 'a1e1n8ue qlae] I€ral€l o/v\} t{}lû\ e^I}rul}slp lnq âlqelr€^ o] dl8uorls rred lerol€l pue padolan 'tIZ, 'stlg) 'suorlceford eleru ur LI :(p dlerpeur paldnrrâlul -ap Âl8uorls rred uerpeuqns t qly/' '(tlz, 'T '(pgt 'Elg) spu€q lecrde qlp\ ro Jrere-rurâs Âlesuap dgecrde el€ru Jo BS cslp 3o çtua1 'Etg) 'poqs pesse-rdde eruoseleru Jo ecuerseqnd :(rOZ se Euol se dlourarlxe aurepode lqtool 't6I's8tg) t'-t' tq8rerls ]sotu1e ol alep8ue dllearr ro sere pezllorelrs {r€p l€rât€l qll^/t rslp Jo âseq 'a1e1n8ue 'aqol urtreur l€râ]el dllerelelocrde BS Jo pue lrBI ern8rg ur sB algord ur retrel 'a6I 's8tg) Ierlua^ (pOZ seqol rnoJ ro o/vu qlp\ dgucrde 49 e 1r ot 1eseq dpq8rls pue oqol lesrop rell€rus q]p\ 'Etg) qllÀ\ âleru :(rOZ'.{6I's8lg) dlrnecuoc esronsuer} urEreur I€relelocrde :(pgl uorlcalord uerpeur 'f,11uttuen 'dlurpaur z uorlragop Jo eseq te pexeg eptu Jo gS rlll/u\ serurleruos eleur8rsrue d1^u.orreu 'f 'EgZ 't6I 'sEtg) 'peorq 'f 'Get '8tg) 3o urtreur pcrde :(o peuet]eg dgecrde e1etu Jo lS Quno{np rolpue qlool padolarrep ilo/v\ ol dtunq rorrelue ue ur dpo) urÊreur pcrd€ uo uorlcelord leralel q]uv\ 'stsouïotq 'aleur8rprue rlllû\ dgensn el€ur Jo snsrelrseq pulH sârurloruos dlmogeqs lnq Lpeorq 'l 'luesq€ '(uorleu8rsep pur8rro Lq) xade qtl^À eleur Jo gS eleur 3o eteld pr 'q '(tgl 'Et,l) ntoq{oqtutr:serro.ffjjt -efrrseg pe]ullp rnueJ pue €lqlt pqq 0BBI'zlrnretow llYs\Dmaqs,r{ 'Elg) :(qgt l.lrnecuor leurpnlrEuol esoles dlasreds 'durqs 'urtreur -ud5,rÀeN 'Zgg-0ç9 'dd '0861 'eÂe1sno{rr€tr4tropfauqog e Eurneal roualsod ol Eurpualxe '?Bg 'd 'g+61 'esnoqpu€S ]ou âl€ru Jo rlsnrq lesre]rs€q pu5{ râuul : (tg I 'Elg) 'peue11eg Âq"prtrutrsap 'tLL1 'se11e6soa.n stdv :sercedsadda e^ecuoc dlpeorq âceJrns pr€ûuno 'gZ 'dd ' 'asarrg dlleer8 snsrelrseq lqtoot ro r{}lin\ pu€ BI L6BI o11ûauolo4 IBsBq ]noqlr^\ aletu snsrelrseq pulH 't '(lSt 'ttg) pedole,rap aserrf, oq4gfiau,rrrnd snueEqng Jo IIâÂ\ alsru Jo seqsnrq l€srelrlslpplul pu? I€srslls€q '?ulqc 'J-e ']uâsq€ 'p -plni olstu Jo r{snrq lesre}PltrAl 'sedrls urols"e pu€ elpq uJâr{tJou o} seeJ€ uuadorng se Euol se L' lnoqe essoltered iurnluauard 'pr5{l se Euol se ]noqe runluotu uo urelsee puB ueeusrrelrpetr tr aql ur punoJ ere 9' l€seq 'aldurÏs runluetu lseqol OTII dtql 'lcunlsrp ssel ro ârour ar€ sarcads xrs ar{J qloot rolJslu€ lnoqltrvr -ra8ug qllÀ\ run[âqeg l8uol se epl/v\ 'ds 'u oxocout{s pue '(snrcrrqe.{) suacsaqn('uaTJ lecrde lere^âs se serurl âlelrr 'Euo1 sB epl/v\ s€ serull -Iy 'ureqtuq 'r.{JIV 'rer1e1a L'0I-0'g Jo lraytnauy aîo! lulpazl 'f, 'Qulprrt 'V L'TI-ç'ç oletueJ go eceds r€lenl ul -dtT umo{np (ntoqdoqTun"rop) 'V 'saleadg paprytul luasqe) eled qllrnt.urnrqel :Qu1paquI ]uesqe .stsouîotq Treru eql 'ap! ur umorq) (Egl 'Elg) >[reru ellq/v\ pedeqs-a 'snsrelprur ur ue^r8 sralceJer{J âleru Jâr{lo dq pue peue^q qllû\ aleureJ 3o sneddlc i(all,{^ elqlpu€rrr 'qloo] 's8urlreur pu€ erqrlpru eq] uo rleq dq qllm lulpaq ù Icelq âlqrpueur a]lqrvr Jo ,(sogsnrq,, 'q 's]ueur8as ue pue € eJeJrns rorJâ]ue slr uo sr€eq r{}lÀ\ el€ur Jo er€d ;V1I ]xeu o] lecrde Fseq 'sluautas eleurrr 0'g-7,'f, ]xau 3o qfual ol lenbe lsrl] snsr€lrs?q peue]leu pu€ elqlt pue rnuâJ 5o 'e 'uot4{ttcsaq eleureJ Jo y luaur8as re11a8e1g puFI pelelp e Âq,peleredas dppeer er€ seletu âr{I '(fgf 'Elg) 'peleredas 'srrerl qloâl lecrde dleprr* esorunld Jo pueq € qlrû\ elql] pqq eqr Jo 'uerpaurqns 'luasqe o/vu r{llm LL el?ur Jo e1e1d ur8reur rorrolsod aqt turzreq dq poteredas oq u€c 'Etg) prpr8dd :(rgt aqol papunor Ierelel pu€ eqol selsrual slr qcrq/v\ ruoJJ o71.qdo11ago} pe}?la"r dlasolc alep8ue u€rpatuqns qlyv\ urtreur preleloctde sr dpueredde otoq(oqruorv7 'sruaaal7 'poqs 'Etd ]soru pue psorq aleru Jo BS :(pgl uor{s 'o"toq{otltuV 'Euo1 euepode s3 epr/v\ s€ ]noq? JSIP qllÀ\ elsru 'aleura; '8tg) snld erll Jo ereJ erll uo sTreru epd eq] Jo IS :(tgt pel€llp eptu Jo rnrueJ Puu elql] 'etel'('rC) '(lo1ow(1E o] EuureJer xgard e orDJ pulq :(qgt'ttg) l,]tnecuoc Ieurpnlrtuol esoles 'durqs 'turu (1es-reds qllm snsr"tls€q pull{ Jo ereJrns 's 'snldlsouo8 râuur ur8reu rotralsod :(lgt 'tlg) pedole,r B'Ll-ç'B qlEual qfual serurl Jo ;o -ap 'QIo! ur Eurssedrns dlrqErls) snldrsouo8 ilâ/v\ sâqsnrq Issr€]IlslPplur pue l€sr?]Iseqplul ç'Z-0'Z 3o 'luasqu 'V xade tururelte dlensn 'r qsnrq lesrslplur qllû\ olsru :Qu1pat1 elrnb 1ou asodar ur turlg 'tlg) 'lurodplu eseurr{O aqr rdacxe) (Egl Treru aled pedeqs o1 lelslp Z IIeo leur8reuqns Eururolurâ^ 'stsouflotq 'b 'luasqe -I parre^ur qll^À eleurâJ yo snaddt3 luerrnror lsrrd LLJo ssâcord relnper8 'Etg) :(fg t sas€q relno rrâr{} uee^{.}oq acue}srp "::::; eddl 'qlaal In B' sB Euol se t'-Z' qr8ual rreql uerpauqns ;::- ;y" ::i#;-;;" paleredas dlapunr Z r{tyit dgerpaurocrde aleur Jo 'd 'aprrvt '(eruro; 4; lluesqe âleurgo areld lerpr8d4 se Euol 'dgewq 'aleur8reruâ -lleC elug ol erqrunloC urorllnos) se ç'I-6'9 eprû\ pue uorls ]ou qsrlrrg rseo3 'eldurrs se^p^ sruodyo a8p1rfl 'o '(eBt 'Etd dles rgrred er{} o} tsâr* (euroqelTo pue sesuey Erl

Nrrs'rTnfl scNsrcs svsNvx do ÀJrsusArNI) sHJ 0L+ SysrnuATrcs AND PuvrocENy oF THE ANrHopHoRINn Bnns +71

FIG. 18. Anthophora(Caranthophora) dufouii, all male except G. A, B, Genital capsule, dorsoventral and sideviews. C, SB, ventral view D, E, 57, ventral and sideviews of disc. F, 56, ventral view. G, Head' H, Hind basitarsus, inner surface. I, Hind leg, outer surface. J, Apex of T7, dorsal view. K, Midleg, outer view 'I 'H) .,,^âr^ ,nw.rofu,uac.v e-re(p-y r,J;o sacrdy relno (ù to3elpurg .3tflff"ini'ii#:;; 'tnpra 'v 'olq"p 'y 'o71oa 'v 'N-x 't*er^ Q) V pue (d fu) (ù xady lolno ta{qmt7 ( .y 'f 'r*arapsrop'o{rwwos(4)'vJoLrpxedy'1l" 41 ;o 4)' ;oEe1pur11 'ââr^l€srop'1a3oxedy,11 .meïa.re1nà-,8e1 'c ' ^âr^ 'urn11aqu1g'g 'srr,rerrr 'gs 'gs 'g-c 's^ PulH JorJelus ["rlue^ pue /s âr^ eprs pu? leJluâ^osrop 'elnsder 'g, 'V 'sllosvq .V ,11-y .sapur ,opûawo.to4 l€trueC (ù snuatqns ototldotltuy .02 .CIù ur8reur '(suo,ra(ns 'V pcrde ur ârrlue ur8reur) âpl^À ss gg'-çt' r{loo1 pedolarrep IIe/û B ot drunq dgerpatu eleur8rerue dyvrorreu ol dpeorq âFtu JorJolue ue qll^À sdurvrlelsotu1e e1eru snsJelrs€q 'r.'(oaupflntta{'Vvl 'E 'luasqe Jo Jo gSyo xady padolarap Ll4eervr pulH e1etu seqsnrq qt1,v\ Er1plnt 'suota(ns 'V 'oau.tnqa 'V 'untoau1oq 'V 'sadrls Jo u\ luasard) J-p se tuol se B' tnoq€ essol8ered lurnl 'q '(lOZ 'qlool luesqe dlpnsn eletu Jo a1u1d 1erqrlrseg -ueruard se Euol s€ 9'-g' lnoqe runlueru 'Etg) 'pare11p 'aldurrs snoqpq ueryo apru rnrueJ pue JorJelue lnoqluvr pJrql Jeeu urnlueru 'Etd Jo l€seq Blqll pqq :(fOZ pale8uole seurleruos a1etuJo lsaqol a>p1-ra8ug pcrde lerâ^os rlllÀ\ urnfieq€H snsrel pu5{ i(oautïnua{ 'V 'suacsaqnn'v 'u,rntoau - pue l8uol se apy/t sB serurl 0't I L' ç eleur Jo !Euo1 -lnq 'V ur aldurrs) eEprr pqpnlrtuol rorrelue se epuv\ s€ serurl O'tI-ç'ç elsureJ aceds rel?tr 'f 'tgz '86I 'sttg) 'r 'selqrpu€ru ;o tr us rllr/v\ ro (o Euol se Âqeseq pus runrq€l snadÂ1c uo sTr€ur alud rorrârrr€'urn11eqe1s 'g 'arera rerluâ^ ,r, ," . ',,!"rîË1Ëî.T:'i:-iliËt::.ï',tfîT;?"iiî 'BS 'C 'si\Àer^ ,g ,V .e["u ,soan .CId âprs pue l"rtuâ^osrop epsdzo pfpeC (optâauoto4)ototlilotltuV.6I

Nrrs-r1nfl ssNsrcs svsNvx do ^rISusAINn sHI zL+ SysrBuATrcs AND PHyrocENy oF THE ANrHopHoRINn BeBs +73

:

N A 'S 'If ruo{ Eurl're,r sâqol pcrduqns s}l 'Euo1qo,, lnoqe) atrel are urelso/v\r{}nos eqt ur rncJo 'uerdorqlg se runurels slt{} sprocar aqs o176aIaDI0SJoslsoutnlp t€r{} q1ûauon4 Jo serceds o/v\} ar{J dlalalduroc rorl ur q8noçle 66olrurels rIlB Jo xode pue alruJels pue Jlloreeled lsorul€ sr n11ûawn"to4 rrlrreeN s?pt0.t0q{oq7uV r{t4 Jo seqol lecrdeqns I€rete1 pare8uole dl8uor}s,, pue sr ecurs uorlnqrr}slp eql sr relrereqc turqsrnturlsrp reqloue ler{} pe}e}s dq Lpsea lsoru saprcnq(oqruV tuor; pale.redas sr 'exel olltflawn.tzd 'poqolrrl 'lurod osp (OgOI edelsnoTlretrN o/v\l req uââ/v\] tou eldurs e ol turuoc ) 'aqol -oq delre,ro dleprm r{rlr{ù\ sqrtuel 3o runnurluoo BS Jo eseq eql pue pepunor a8rul B rllr/v\ tou 'a1e1nEue e sr aral{} esnereq (edelsnoTlretrAI nsues) on!8 ro papunor lS Jo urEreur 1erât€locrde '('rtt -araorzd ruor; n1lfauolos e}eredes 1ou seop ereruol eqt Eurneq ,(q paleredas ere se1etu aql '(sa{g4cotâ') 'n1oan1 'V rl€q esotunld -1a8eg lsrg er{} Jo qfuel eqJ sluau8es rdecxe) Jo pueq r{tl/u\ t'g or (soa4) sluoutas g'Z ro (n370) T;Z eleureJ ur8;uur Jorrelsod aql pu€ ssacord lelslp rorrelsod '(onp1a) âql w 6'2, ot (soa4) stuaur8as ç' I sI el€ru tunlq e qtl^À elql] pug aql Eurneq dq epurâJ 'sapto^t0q{oqruV aql uI atuer eql (edelsrtoTrr€tr\I nsues) o117îatu eql ur Dalary uro{ sreglp }I pu€ 'Qmouotqv 'sruawwTc -o.tzd uI prJe lanrnzasouo)stuatutes 0'? Dalaw ot pe]€1ar /(1esol3 sI n11ûauon4 '(loyasaa orygïsaa o1 (n1onçtasap)sluaurEas L'7, lxau aq] o1 ql8uel ul sef pue '(wn.towsouo) pnba sr ereruogaEeg âl€ureJ ]srg arl] fiotluaqcstpa{ s€] rcryaqcpa{'016I) e(els,roTlr€tr\tr 'V ' stuatutas 0't ol (o1ocry"rasaù stuaurtas ç' I pue (utntoauloq e06 I ) uoued Lq pepodar ueeq e^eq o11ûauotvd sarceds u€rserng eerr{} lxeu âq] ol r{}tue1 ur lenba sl arauolla8eg aptu Jo 'o1713auo70s 'S '{l tsrg egl q paceld edelsnoTlretr\tr r€ql yo ser8ololq Eurlsau eqJ ura}se/v\r{}nos eq} 'pFo114 sarcads eql q 'exet eql eleredes o1 (araurollaEeg u1 dery dlrea ol qf,r€tr\tr pto eql w lsn8ny ol qrJ?tr ruoJJ t(g olpaaza2rDd sercadg 'Gop\g ]srg: ) ,,luourtâs r"letng puores,, âïl 5o çtue1 tr Jo 'ade 'ruru 's 'snlLlsouo8 aql pâsn ede>1s^oTrretrAI âql Jo acuuraqntord +Z-ç'g {}Euo1 'algord saurrt Eurls l(çtua1 reldlsouot eq] 9' sI ler{l uI aJuereqntord leeddlr arues 3o çtuel L'Z-B' 1 'ù se reJ se Eurssedrns) sn1(lsouo8 xede Eur ar{} e^Bq(Wstomaqa() ollfauolos pue (soa4 qtQ t+' ;o -ssedrns o] Eurure]]e esoder ur Eurlg '-r 'lurodpgr -azaDrDdJo serreds ad& eql l.lapvvr serre^ snadÂ1c o] I€lsrp Z IIâr purtreuqns Eururol ure^ luârrnoer eq] uorlcalord eqr 'dlrepurrg 'ureq] pâuolslÀua 'b '(p 'rIZ 'sEt.E) Jo ]srld dlerpeur peldnrrelq rlerl eqs sB exv,t t{}oq satcads eqr tuoure dpear8 Jo Jo spueq lecrde ro eJuef,soqnd lJero-rruos esuâp 'Elg) serre^ aeue8 erll Jo qlpyv\ eql !o716auo.tzd tuor; ro (ttZ posserdde qll,v\ uego etuos"leru o1lfauolog turleredes uI ânle^ ou Jo ere sTeeI{J lluasqe âFru Jo LL Jo ssecord repper8 :(pOl 'saletu 'tlg) âpyv\ oqJ Jo s1e1d lerprtdd eq] Jo sepls €urrer leurpnlr8uol uerporu qt1,v\sarurteruos '(tOZ 'Etg) qlâel u€rpatuqns EulluroJ ateut8retue eql Euole qteâl Jo acuesard eq] puz BS pue lS Jo dltuor]s eql '1 arenr dlapr*r ol dyvtorreu xade qll/vr dpo sorrrrleruos saqol lere]Blocrde paleEuola '[(rOZ 'Etg) 'V 'y n1ntoua{ pue ranrlaulnq rdacxe] -ogateg pale8uole'snaddlc Eurlceford l,1Euor1s '(qOe 'tlg) surtreur eleurrec lnoqlrrvr a1e1d ses€q 'sleaqc oplÀ\ er{r uodn peseq opûawolo4 luor; ralno rrâr{} ueo/vqeq aJu€}slp se Euol se 0Z'-90' oypauopg paleredas (OgOt) ede>lsnoTIrBIAI '1eseq qlool Iera]BI B r{}r/v\ sdervrp }sotul€ a1e1d1er prlq] eq] ol tll8ual ur pnbe lnoqe sI (11ensn 'd '(nOZ -prtdd padolanep 11eff\q]lrv\ el€tr\tr eq} r{rlqrnr 'e6l 'sEt.E) sndled drugrxeur a{} Jo }uetutas puocas aplÀ\ se Euol sB serult g'Z-V'l çEue1 '(suo.ra{ns 'V 'oaut3n.r.tr{'V 'o\otoura{'y ur pue elql] pulq aql Jo ur8retu rorralsod aqr pve rdacxa) 'o Euop rlsr{ esounld >1ce1se1utuoJ ern qrrqa ul DII!8 aleurErsrue dlpseq âAle^ sruad yo a8pufl (1ps -nanrLd u/v\ou{ dpo eql sePnlcw (o\oan\ 'o\otoua{ -JopoJrde parvter^s€ epl^/r se Euol sB setull +'7,-0'l 'u '(sa{qtcnÊ 'V 'oso4tquo 'V ' 't'a) dnorE sercads ,(qtrorrrelou e^le^ sruad ;o xady uI durnq '(p 'cIZ's8tg) Ileurs o] pernper snldlsouot) (q'n02,'q'n6T V etral eql uo spu€q rleq pcrde 's8lg) 'pauelleg 'GtZ epp\ se tuol ss serull g'B-0'7 dlln pardnrretq l,gerpaur a^BrI sarcads Luu141 -nsn 'ru '(qgt 'ttg) peqollr] 'Stg) e1etu 5o snldlsouoC sel€ru Jo ?S uo rl€t{ Jo 6(u/v\orc,, retlnced d11eem ur 'elduts dlanr]e1ar 'sllosaq o] peqo[q algord e s€q €lsv uI dnort rer{}ouv IBrlueC eleru Jo âlrxoJouo8 Jo xady'l'luasard s^(ervr 'ttg) 'c6I ur s€ (qf Z /v\oleq pue eloqe tur8renlp sllqro -le ]soutup rrortezrlorâlrs l€ulpntr8uol :(tOZ 'ttg) 's8tg) reuur eql wq dnort u€f,r{V euo }nq (B I Z lqtrerls ssal ro erotu ur8reur leretpl !e1e1 ssel ro ârotu sqqro reuur eq] e^Bg selelrr -ntuu pue dlerpaur aleur8rerue l.ldaep ol dpqErls lalpred '>1'(saun1 'onïtlncou o11ûauo"rn4 due141 '(OgOl) e(els,roTlrel4tr dq se/v\ el€ru Jo BS 3o xady L'1-Z'I 'V 'sa(qtcn.tE'V 'suoutaql 'V 'a6I uols pue ur tuol) (pOZ optfiaun.tD1 Jo sernlJnJls Jo uorleJlsn11r Pue 'stt.{) 'goqs 'orel{ rslp se tuol se sâtult eruep -snf,srp ]saq aqJ pessnrsrp }ou o11ûawo.to4 BL'-+g' 'o11paw -ode lluasa-rd sâtulleruos eeJB pâzlloJelJs dplearvr urqlr/vr sdnor8 satceds duenr ere erer{I qtnoqt eruerâqnlord lerel€l lnogll/v\ cslp Jo oseq -DrDd ueql ellsurtuJel olelu luorarurP pue runlueru 'pscnpord 'eleu isaqol t-Z qllÀ\ dgecrde ro arllue eI{} prlq} eI{} reau q}oo} rolreluv vu ar\sq 'l 'GlZ 'Etg) Jo Isseq -rEreura dllerpetuoctde eleur Jo IS 'rleq ol CIalarypue sapzlrollfuq\uV ]cere-Itues lrere JI€II esuop Jo , (u/v\oJJ,, uelpoul e qllÀ\ selulleluos 'q6I 'ttt.E) qly/' dllensn pue ('** ZI-0I) 11eursst saptotoqd aletuJo ?S :(tOZ uolsserdtp asre^suerl -owuv seerorl/v\ rlsrl passardde qtrr* Pu? ('** ?I o^€ruoc tuorts o1 >l€o1v\ r{tyv\ pexâU dgerluen

Nrrs-rTng scNsrcs svsNvx do ^rrslrs^rNo. sHI +Lt SysrpvrATrcs AND PHylocENy oF THE ANrHopHoRINn BnBs +75 rounded, merging with apex, to strongly laterally species of Paramegilla (sensu Marikovskaya) show expanded and tapered in the following series of the same variation in the apices of 57 and SB. The species. Subapical lobes of Bth abdominal last character of the male, namely the presence of sternite not developed, its apex varying from teeth on the pygidium, is common in both her medium width to narrow and strongly elongated Paramegilla and Solamegilla, thus not of value in in the following sequence of species. The separating them. For these reasons, I have syn-

FIG. 21. Anthophora subgenus Paramegilla. A, A. gracilipes, male, frontal view of head. B, A. semirufa, male, frontal view of head. C, A. ireos, male, dorsal view of metasoma. D, A. olgae, female, dorsal view of me tasoma. E, A. martensi, female, dorsal view of metasoma. F, A. deserticola,male , lateroventral view "crown" of metasoma. arrow indicates midventral of hair on 54, and numbers sterna' o]€r€dâs ol alelu eq] Jo snsrel elpplul or{} uo 'r{çZ ern8rg ur u/v\oqs 'asuep rleq tuol uâUo yo e8urrJ e pue snsrzlrseq se aceds rel€ru padolanap dlalerapou o] 'tlg) [orv\ pulq eql uo qtoot e Jo ecuesqe ro acuaserd qlyv\ sarceds crlcrealed :(rtZZ {}oo1 rorro}ue 'eceds eql se qJns srelf,€J€r{c pa}lurll-xes pu€ qly prlr{} I€s€q r€eu urn}uaru :(pZZ'Elg) peqolrr} 'eJeur dgeseq pu€ pe/v\orreu llpcrde pue (rZZ 'ttg) r€letu er{} Jo }ueurdole^ep Jo ]unoru€ er{} BS -ogeteg eqol pâpunor a8rel € r{tr1v\dlpralelocrde e1eru lsrg or1] Jo rptuel âql uo l'pretu pârler 'QZZ 'ttg) IS 'ssalanlel aleln8ue ro peqloot urtreur rorrelue eq ss/v\ g IIâJ purtreuqns Jo r{}peerq 'oapw r{}yv\ eptu Jo snsr€}rs"q pu1q iqtoot pcrdeqns q}r/v\ âql teql Euuntouy ol osle lnq (llerelco3) 'qZZ 'stt.t) eleutrrâJJo gS :@gZ elnf,e ssacord lelslp ranrollna otoqdotltuv ol dpo ]ou elqzcrldde sernt rorratsod qll/n\ eletueJ Jo snsretrssq puFI :(t&Z 'r0I 's8l.f) 'eldrurs sapzlrll!{otltuV }eqr pe^erleq ( I ç6I ) e)plreqtull asournld lou urtreur rorralsod '(gtO1) 'stsouantq asnoqpu€S dq pasodord Jo srrer{ q}l/u\ âl"ureJ Jo elql} pulH 'snua8 s?/v\ Dqaw errr€u ]uaruâcelder eqt eJuer{ 'f,rs"qolnv '/gBI 'des o4{ntqnn,roqdoqruy :sarcads add; '(uosgeqolf ueretdopldeT e roJ uorlspuerue u€ s€ (f tg r ) zs.çrowafi zrssety dq dlsnornard pesn uoeq p€r{ Dssauaaî!ruV -uv roretu?u r'au) 6eq arusu eql 'alBru ar{} roJ snsr"trssq pqq peq}oo} .i";,tJ"'J,rjiliriËi:o7'^ 'epura; rrs"qouory' 'ÂeSo4{nrqn n,rot1{otltuy :sarcads add; aql pue eql roJ re]f,€reqe l'a>1pdrcurrd aqt LtBI '(t+st se g IIoc leur8reurqns Jo r{lp€erq releart aql Sursn 'zrssetv 'dns n4(ntqo ntoqdoqruV ro1 Dssaozaaqluveurcu rrreu "3"ifi*';:,u;' DSs?otuaqtuv -aE '[rogstg aqt pasodord uosueqog ç06I uI ïi:'rii 'rutu LI-?I 's 'sn1d}souot 'snldlsouo8 'selsls 'opnonaln{ {}Eua1 se tuol s€ ocr/v\1 pâtlun urâlsam aql w pue 'r 'lurodplur go xade Eururelle lou asodor ur Eurlg slwofitluac 'sarcods o/v\l r{}y/t 'ecgr;y pue ers€Jng ol lelsrp Z 11âcpurtreuqns tururol ure^ ]uerrncer 'b 'qloot uI peerdsepyit sr snuatqns slql'(E"U) Dnpta lsrld lecrdeqns qlr/v\ elsrueJ Jo 9S :$ZZ 'ttg) pue'sloorg ona?ttsaa'(E.tX) nî1oa'z1rrvrero141 ]uâsqe eleruJo /IJo ssof,ord relnper8 lseseq '-0I ' Dgualuuqezrl'(1sm,o>1zsop€ll stsuauaqspal'olueqcs rolno rrâr{l ueâ^r.}oq oJue}srp se tuol se ç I -lpâd suaptsrnl 'asarrg ocnu(s 're1p14 suon{ns qleel uBlpeluqns lunlg orur qlyvt 4a iluasqB e[?ur 'd 'aprrur '(eserrg) sa{tut{s 'oluaqcstpad '(aserrg) r{"t go areld lerprtd4 se tuol s€ seurr] g'I-B'0 4îrys1os 'aleur8r€rua 'eldurrs -xtaas 'zlruretoIN 'z1r*re,toIN '(uos lou dgeseq e^l€^ sluod llqaua7ps lappnr yo a8prrg 'o '(c 'qZZ'stt.f) dgesropocrde pe^\ârl -rlrlrg) rlllcî"tponb.' zlrnerotr\tr txilslonzaqsrd'sloorg 'rar1a1ad 'zete 'zlr.nre app\ se Euol se sorurl L'l-Z'I o^le^ sruad 3o xady aaaaturaouo( a1 oâopo{ ocuold 'u 'ap1,v\ 'paua11eg 4 se Euol se serurt B-ç epur Jo -rotr\l pata{'z1uvrero141 ranrDzasuto'o>lueqcsrpod snldlsouoC 'ur '(c 'qZZ'stt$ seruereqnlord tur 'essrrg 'o>luaqcslpe.il '1ere1e1 ao71o sttlu?atJoenla -lcalord dplearvr o/vu ro auo pue uorlceford 'oluaqcslped 'o>lueqcs 'tuo1 'eldurrs szlouotpuara où@ouolaut lecrde euo qU^À d1e^tr1e1ereletu Jo 'reusarr4 'asarrg '1 '(pZZ'ttg) -]pâ.{ tsuaLta.a ota7qncou ofi@oc elrxorouo8 3o xedy luesqe rrrortezrl '11ere>lcoC 'pnerrg 'o>lueqcslpad -orelrs -na1 slunal DparDI lewpnlr8uol lpeqoprl dgeseq'suortcalord '1, '@zz ruuow{noq 'stnoç1 slrolnâa.r.n'(sege4) soan 're1pp1 pl?relsl olncs o/vu qlllv\ dlecrde eFru Jo BS 'Etg) ' n4{1cuz 'aserrg szquaazqlq 'z1rrvrero141 azlnranq rslp 3o çEuâl se Euol sB seurrl I I - L'0 âtuep -ode 'z1rrvrero141 leate Ieretel pezrlorelcs Tr€p ro seruereqn] sa{qnnÊ'eserrg sldocnolî'z1u*ero111 -ord lnoqlr^r rsrp Jo eseq laqol prelel pepunor mounsolï'.M s.zlnlqqocm{'uu€tusre^g saQaln{ 'aleur8reure atrel qllÀ\ lou pepunor dlpcrde epru 'e>lelraqrulJ opnntta1n{ 'z1nturotr41 stu"tonaod 'l 'GZZ'ttg) luasard uorsserdrp leete 'o>lueqcslpâ.{ Jo IS I€relBI suatsaangf'rar]a1ada1 naut7n.t"tr{'(t l pcrde pezrlorâlf,s dpqtrl qll^À eleur8rerue dl8uorls -^llo) 'l ']uesqe o4o"roua{'d1smo>lzsope}I rctluatlcpa{'puerlg o] dplea.rvr dgerpaurocrde el€ru Jo gS 'opoqrrg 'l.1sr*o>1zsop€U 'q '@gZ'qZZ'sEl.D ruslailca slwofitoqc4da eleutrrgo aleld lerqrlrseg elnre 'uueursJelg 'z1rrvrerotr41 '(qZZ, 'ttg) oaunqa Dlqnp Dlnttln ssacord letslp qllÀ\ snsrelrs€q pqq -sap 'e4JIpaH slurneîatne 'rcTJIV .t0lo2u0t'o>lueqcs JIBTI esorunld Jo urtreur JorJe]sod lnoqrr/v\ olerueJ 'ttd 'z1rr*ero141 'uossar3 elqll pulq :(lZZ atprr ro r{}oo} rorre}u€ -lpo.{ szuroeraCIlt .t{otsttrlc Jo '(e.(elsnoTrretrAI) 'zata4 qlyv\ peuelleg dgeretel eprrr Jo snsr€lrseq pulH stwo{t"tquac nsuagnfioq 'E ']uesqe 'J-p 'sedr}s 'qlprs 'oluaqcslpâd 'rar1a1a sor{snrq r{}l^Àalsrrrgo EaplI I Dpuqq sllDsDq sa(lqnq 'z1rtr-totr41 'asarrg se Euol se L'-g' essol8ered lurnlueurerd se tuol -dtT ranrnauf)q tloflotTso oïnaro '(ttZ,Z'Etd s€ B'-1,' lnoqe urnlueru qloo] rorrelue 'reTJIV osltpquD'(E.tX) sunuranD'o>luaqcslped qtyv' Prlr{t I€sBq reeu run}uâru lsaqol o:[1-ra8ug xmnuzrqo (o71fawo"to4) 'V 'sapa{g papnleul Iere^es qll/u\ dgecrde rrrn11eqeg l8uol sB aplrnr '(pZ 'Stg) 'Euo1 sîuronanle se serurl +'B-0'Z al€tu Jo se oprlv\ s€ serurl 'o 'Treru eletu eqt aeuualue peqqnlc aql pue (t B'L-Z'g eletueJ Jo eceds reptr I eled qllÀ\ Jo Jo t 'moged 'ttd qnflo.rTso'V e1etu er{} eeuua}ue âlerres eleru Jo alqrpueur l>1ce1qeleureJ Jo qlp\ Ja Jo 'q'slueurtos ap1eutrrJoac€d L'I-g'I lxau ol eleruJo leq/v\eruos eql s3 qJns n1ûauo.tD{ u\ dqlrornralou '.raqla8ol stueru8es g't-1-'f, lxau 3o qfual ol pnba ete sJaIJBJBTIJ xes drepuocas anbrun eruos 'e 'uot\{ulsaq ' eleureJ Jo 1 lueu8es rege8elg opûauolzd repun npûaunlos pezrurduo

NrrsT-rng scNsrDS svsNvx do Àrrsus^rN^[I sHJ 9Lt SysrpuATrcs AND PHvroGENy oF THE ANTHoPHoRINn Bnns 477

Anthophlra s. str. (in his sense) from Anthophoroides. lack of midtarsal, midbasitarsal, and middistitar- Timberlake's idea of Anthophora s. str. did not sal brushes, they are distinct groups . Melea can be include Heliophila ( -- Micranthophora), Amegilla., or separated from Anthophoroides in the females by Clisodon which he considered genera. Timberlake the hind tibia with the scopal hairs all simple, 56 was the first to reco gnize the similarities between with a subapical tooth and the posterior distal Melea and Anthophoroides. process of the hind tibia acute. The males can be Comments.Melea is most closely related to Antho' separated by their larger size (L3-I7 mm.), the phoroides. Even though the two share derived widely diverging rather than almost parallel apo- characters such as the short first flagellomere, the demes of 57, the trilobed rather than rounded mentum with an anterior tooth near the basal base of SB, and the blunt rather long and acute third, the hind basitarsus of the male with an tooth of the hind basitarsus. anterior tooth, and similar male terminalia as Biolog. Melea fly from March to August or well as plesiomorphous male characters such as September. Several derived biological characters

adp

FIG' 22. Anthophorasubgenus Melea. adp:vcute distal Process of female hind tibia, l:lorum, m=mentum,tm=toothofmentum. A,A.(M.)pkgiata,apexofgonocoxite,ventralviewofrightside. B-K, A. (M.) abrupn. B, C, Genital capsule, side and dorsoventral views. D-F, SB, S7 and 56 of male, ventral ,rie*t. G, Fhbellum, anterior view. H, I, Hind leg of female and male, outer views. J, Apex of male T7 (hair omitted), dorsal view. K, Lorum and mentum, side view. e^le^ srued yo a8prrg 'o (lesropocrde pe/v\er^ sr d8olorq âsoq/v\ serreds crlcreepd râqlo dpo âr{I 'geurs '@gOI 'lTsû\ol[,om) ss apl^À se Euol sB serurl 9'I-6'0 a^[e^ Dsllfa DlelA se qrns seqc]e^ sruadyo xedy 'u 'ap1,v\se Euol s€ serull /'9-0.g Jo rotsulllod elqee8euerrr e s€ lerlualod e^eq eputu snldlsouog 'ru '(J 't+Z 'stl.l) 'V Jo pezrlor ,{eu o4ofo1d '(OOgl) punl-Ernquaseg pue -elrs pu€ eleln8ue dgerelel 'peqogq dgearvr Trep (nZOey)gaoqran '(OZO1)opell '(trcù rrunrx turreadde elrxoJouo8 serurloruos 'pedola^op puu cr^opslf '(ZOO1)ueslelN '(q 'nI96I) rc2co1111 dpleem eqol pralnl lecrdeqns qlp\ rôot ftcrdL '(OeOl) q8noql 'eldnrrs dpueredde eptu elrxorouot ede>lsnoTTretr^tr'Qtpunuo"tss pegodar 'l '(E+Z 'Etg) Jo '9t6t) 'GtOù Jo xedy luosq€ rrorlezrlorelrs sorC >lezseueflse qons (ouqaurn( 'papunorIBu 'tr -lpnrÉuo1:qt7 ern8rg ur se BSJoalgord se pepoder) o7o13o7d lnoqe ere Dalaryrrlrree pue pedola,rep dpleam reuroJ -Fd tururecuor sreded luepodurl '6o7o19 '(E+Z '8tg) lural€locrde'turrceford sâqol Jo rred uerpotuqns '(nzz d11er1ua.rt'pozrlorelcs rlllÀ\ dgecrde âletu 'Elg) Trep Jo uortcelord pcrd€ ot uor1lppe ul q]eât FrelBI 'T '(p+Z 'Etg) oslp 'l 'Euo1 BS 3o çEuel w Euol se g'I-0'I o/vu rlll/!\ elsul Jo âlrxorouo8 Jo xedy eurapodeiseare pozrlorâlJs 'JIBI{ Trep ro sorueraqnlord se l.lpseq op1,v\su Lt'-tt' qlool pcrde uo dleseq 't '(qçe ]noqlr/v\ rslp ia+Z ern8rg ur s€ algord qloo] IIBurs r{}lû\ ol€ru Jo snsrs}rs€q pulH 'rqol peorq qllÀ\ punor dgecrdeel€ru 'ttg 'tuo1 lerelel Jo IS o] repms) sarurl B't-g'Z eleur Jo sB 'l '("+Z 'ttd 'r luasard uorssardrp 1erelel lpezrlor aplm se serur] t lnoqe olerueJ;o aceds æletr I -elrs (pqEU 'dgerparu eleur8reura (prrorreu xade 'l 'tuesqs dnorg sarcodg e1erte14 rlll/u\e[?tu Jo 9s al?ru ereld 'r{ '(l+Z 'Elg) 'pare11p3o Isrqrlrssg snoqpq dllensn aptu Jo 'otoq{otltuV rnruâJpulq :(l+Z'EtO xede r€eu awds uo pauesur 'sl1oatoq rnds ouo 'eurds pcrde 'louelue rllrm pe]Blrp learoq dpo eql ere deqt (otoqdotltuogot lelql] -s(W) 'V '?ueqlv el€utrrJoerqrt puFI :$.'l+Z'stl.{) pe^rnc o1lq8rerls pue ulplsîlC r{tl6 Jo }sotu pue 'qlool 'sa1e1g rlloo] Jo ur8reur JorJelu€ raddn rorJalue BrqtunloC qsrtrrfl pâ]1un âr{} }noqEnorqr qlyit epur snsrelrseq pulH 'E 'luesqe eleru punoJ ere pu€ rrlrrv er{} o}q reJ aEuer daql Jo 'y-p 'sedlls Jo saqsnrqqlrm trlplry setuol s€ B'-ç' pue uerrreruV quo51 ere sarreds reqlo eq] luurq3 lnoqe essol8ered lurnluaurerd se Euol se uJâlseaqlnos 'V 'uosseJC '(lZZ'Etg) L'-ç' ur sJnJJo suotrtÊru rnoq€ runlueru prlql IBsBqrsou r{loo1 slpruapîceo pue '1era1co3 suo{tÊru 'dqrly rorralus r{}yv\ runlueru iseqol a>p1-re8ug lere^es saptnq'utoq'iev,S oy{n"rqo (oqrW) 'V 'saltadg papnlcu7 qly/' dgecrde urn11eqegltuol se âpp\ se serur] '(sanq] '(çgO1 'erleg t'I I -0'L el€ru3o gI zanrolpa)Euol se epr/v\ se seurrl eleural acedsrel€trAtr 'c '(o1oufus pue uoproN) sçed lsuoture] rrern tururl]no s]ca[ L'B-t'9 Jo -go 'uorlarces uo sTrer.ualrr{/v\ ldacxa) elBuroJ '(onutortpt ol 1r dldde pue puel8 ælnqrpu€ru 'vul Trelq 1o 'qsnrq pu? unr7llno rvrolel')ellq/v\ qllÂ\ el€tuJo ec€d qlyv\ ll turxrnr dlqenrnserd 1erqel eq] 'q 'slueur8as 'ansslt 0ç' I -gg' I ]xeu ol epur Jo lroqtet ur ecrnl eq] tcelloc ('-I DauzsDtautlsz;r) drus -ol -red 'srrer.I sluaur8asgg'g-0ç'Z ]xau Jo {fua1 o} pnba /v\eqJ o4{n"tqnJo sepur aql enrldrospe aleural releEelg 'e 'uoz7{t^tcsag Jo 1 luaurtas Peuelleu eug Jo r{snrq pcrde ve seq ulnrqel eqr 'Stg) leqt ur rurroqdoqluv Jo sercads reqlo ge Suorue Dalaç JosercedsoïTI r{}oo}rorre}ue qruv\Jm 'V enbrun ere suo{tÊru pu€ oy{n,tqo Jo seletu leseqr€âu runtuaru :(l+Z'Et$ dlecrde pezrlorâlrs 'o1(ntqo 'v 'Elg) aqJ Jo dtolorq eql uo pesoder (ZAOI) dplrep eleur Jo elrxocouo8 :(E+Z cslp ruor; 'dgeuort1ppv 'dnort alEue tq8rr le turlceficrd 'Euo1runlnrrds 'pepunor q8norqrers pu" ueproN dgeseq 'aqol pepunor pue âqol uerporuqns sarcads seproqurog egl se DalaWJo serceds crlcreeu tr€ralel 'Etd aleptu€ rllr/v\dgerarelocrde BS :(p +Z rerllo er{} Jo dtolorq pue uo ernteretrl oqt peû\orler pue 'eqol 'serr r{ree or Ieilered }sourle seurepode pepunor srrt€ruelsds eql pessnrsrp s€r{ (g86I) sToorg eplÀ\ t{}1,v\dlleralelocrde e1eru :(l 'llz, -eds esewqC euo qllÀ\ uerrreruV dpreru 'stt.l) Jo /S çro51 qlool rolrolue qll/v\ eleurJo snsr€]rs€qpu5{ sr dnort sarcads sF{I '(îop1g puo sluarawoC :(f 'l+Z 's8l.f) aurds prlr{} pcrde uo peuesur '@zz 'dgecrdsorâlue3o rnds FIqp e qllÀ\ slqll puFI uo 'ttg) uorlcaford pcrde o] uorrlpp€ ul q]oo] pre]€l aurds qllÀ\ e1uurlurur gI-0I tp8ual 'stsou7mq 'l '(lzz'tlg) e qlr/v\ elBru Jo alrxocouo8 5o xedy 'uorleu8rsap 'JIeq Fur8rropue crddtouotrAtr Euol se dlewq apr/v\se ?ç'-Zt' r{}oo1 les€q uo '9681 'geraTroDunnlpo sntrqopod:sarcadsaddl qlool etrel qlp\ eleTuJo snsrelrs"q pulH 'E 'saurrl 'B+ 'd '1061 'geralcoD '(rzl 'El.l pu€ IIârâ>[roCsaprctotldoqruV +'B-L'ç alsur Jo or rspurs) tuol s€ ePy/' se seurrl ol?rrleJ aceds r?l?tr 'r IIereTroD pue B'1-ç'ç Jo I Ilare{c oJ saplo.roq{oqtuv srrrta8qng dnorg sarcadg seproqurofl 'seeq

elqutrrnq Jo scnurur dpuaredde ere oapry 3o sarceds '(ggO1 'qoorg) ruo{*sr a'uer eqr (,Jrî,T?î,:rii;"r""5',ti,ï oql Jo IIV ror^eqeq tur8urts Jo out(nsn1qo'nM stsuauoyïuow'gera1co3 nyoa"t"ta{ssol luaredde eql pu€ soJueJluâ lseu eql JâAo s1âr 'nM 'otoqdoqruV szznrlq1zrautt(rrtrW)'V'sa4ca(g papryguJ -rnt Jo uorlJnrlsuor epnlcw âseql rrr. '(çgOI 'leld) 'V opatta{ sr.u/v\ouT exel râr{}o urorJ lr Eur}eredes oapry o} anbrun eJe

NrrsT-rnfl sDNsrss svsNvx do Àrrsus^rNn sHJ BL+ SysrnuATlcs AND PHvlocENY oF THE ANTHoPHoRINn BBBs +79

The basally simple, 0.75-1.10 times as long asrvjde of an undescribed species of Anthophoroides. (FiS. 2+f). p. pygidial plate of male absent; T7 of territorial behavior of the males of Anthophoroides *ale with iwo short submedian teeth .I+-.26 as is the same as that of Melea in that territories with long as distance between their outer bases (FiS. distinct boundaries, usually enclosing host plants, fe- 24b); gradular process of T7 of male absent. q- are defended against conspecific males. The First recurrent vein joining submarginal cell 2 males of Anthophoroides nest aggregatively in distal to midpoint. r. Sting in repose not attaining earthern banks except signata which nests in dead pe.rs. to surpassing apex of gonostylus, 2.2-3.0 length Joshua tree stumps (Yucca) (R. Snelling- of gonostylus. s. Length 10-13 mm. .o*-.) and possibly also in the ground (Brooks, Commenls.T. D. A. and W. P. Cockerell named unpublished). They are generally po_lylectic (Hydro- Anthophoroidesbecause of the five-segmented max- though phaceliaeis oligolectic on Phacelia illarypalpi. This character is only of value at the phyllaceae).- of the rpe.ific lével, being found also în A (!gro1"eg.illa) The species which inhabit the regions Timberlake Sonoran and Colorado desert are probably uni- futaicauda"1tOS1) and in many Heliophila. included species of Meha with Anthoph.0r0r.- voltine but possibly bivoltine. There is a normal records in des (see Commenls unde r Melea). Anthophoroides.is spring brood(s?) from February (two which -ori closely related to Melea and its separation Jànuàry) to mid Jtly. In those dty areas as south- from that subgenus is discussed in the Comments Lu,r. -id to late summer rains such brood. .4. on Melea. eastern Arizon a, califtrnica has a second Biotog. Species of Anthophoroides,a New World marginata, the only truly neotropical species, .is r.^ronul in southwestern Arizona and probably in subgenus, are xerophilic. Linsley (IP+2) gate ? of México but detaliled account of the biology of A- linslefi. the seasonally dty tropical areas Mexican and Cen- Giltiam et al. (1984) analyzed the microbial fauna rnay be multivoltine in other

FIG.23. AnthophorasubgeneraMeleaandMystacanthophora,females.Scalelines(onrightside)represent abruptaand'.4. .l mm; dp=iosteriorii.tal proc"ss. A, B, Basitibial plates of Anthophora(Melea) abrupta and A' (Mystaiantiophàre capistrata.C, D, Orrt"t view of apex of hind basitarsus, A. (Melea) (My stacanthoPho r a) caPis trata. '/ûer^ relno 'oclu,rofitoc('ù 'V p Ee1 pur11 '| 'rtern relno 'trl pulH 'l 's^{.or^ 'H 'C'/v\âr^ 'Jslp ePIs pue ler}ue^'BS Ier}ue^osrop'alnsdec 1e}rueC [ s/ûer^ eprs puB 'l,S'g'O'1v\or^ Jo leJlue^ opls'elnsdec plruag'3'rvrer^ Iesrop'(prrrl*o leq) LI Jo 'g 'rvrarn '9g 'y 'tun.rllpa 'v'l..-v 'septu 'sapto.ror1fuqruv '+Z'cl.f xedy lerluan ('ù snua8qns otoqdotltuv

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Nlrsa'rng scNsrcs svsNvx do Àrrsus^rNf) sHJ OB? SvstnuATICS AND PHvrocENY oF THE AnrHoPHoRrNn Bnns 48 1 tral American areas. apically trilobed labrum (FiS. 25i); apodemes. of Included Species. A. (Anthophoroides) californica S7 of male short, widely spaced and diverging long-apodemes and Cresson , linsleyi Timberlake, marginata Smith, (FiS. 25e); SB of male with phaceliaen. sp ., signata n. sp ., aallorum (Cockerell), dpièulum projecting anterodorsally in the same and six undescribed species. They range from plane as disc (Figs . 25b, c); aPex of penis valve- Colorado and Texas west to southern Oregon and without fine, small hairs; female with hairs of California, south through México (including Baja posterior margin of hind tibia simple (similar_ to California) to Honduras. A. californica and mar- FiS. 10e); flabèllum apically entire, apical half to ginata are the only two species of the twelve which twô-thirds narrow and elongate (Fig. 25d). range into the neotropics. Description. a. Flagellar segment 1 of female equal to length of next three to four segments together, of male to next 2.0-2.5 segments. b. Subgen us Anthornegilla Marikovskaya Faie of male with light yellow-white; face of AnthomcgillaMarikovskaya, 1976a, p. 55. female black; apical margin of male labrum Typ" species:Anthophora arctica Morawitz, lBB3. Origi- trilobed, mediar lobe emarginate (FiS. 25i). c. nal designation. Malar space of female about 1.7 times as wide as long, of male 1.6-2.0 times as wide as long (FiS. ,*3:r::'î,oY'li',:Iï i ffil i ffii"**.'TiH 25h); mentum about .7 as long as prementum, B

FIG. 25. Anthophora(AnthomegiltQ arctica, rna)e.A, 56, venfial view. B, C, S8, side and ventral views' D, Flabellum, Lt".io. vie"rr.-E, 57, ventral view. F, G, Genital capsule, dorsoventral and side views. H, Head, side view I, Labrum. 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FIG. 26. Anthophora (Rhinomegilla) megarrhina, male. A, 56, ventral view. B, Flabellum, anterior view. C, Head, side view. D, E, 57 and SB, ventral views. 4 Apex of T7 (hair omitted), dorsal view. G, H, Genital capsule, side and dorsoventral views. ,'rruec,r,1 .r*ara ,ss,11 .urnrqe" ,;"1,Î.i.iË:,iliqrJ;1ift';:iËiirïT:i"ri :iï:i: '4S 'C 'l*orlFruâ^ 'epsdec 'p ',u.âu 'gg 'g 'smarzr '/J 'gS 'V l€Jlue^ leJlua^osJop p]rueC l€Jlue^ l€Jlue^ 'ololncowuptnb 'V 'X-H 'd 'V 'C 3g-y '.neq 'lJ ( d pue ltîqoay (a) go ped a111-r1eg= gd Jo xadu - ure 'eurapodu;o 'sayeu 'o11tâtut(nq 'LZ '31tr ssarord ;erelel:zd1 pue uoura?îolvrade.reue8qns otorldotlluy

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NrrsTrng scNgrcs svsNv) .{o ^rrsus^rNo sHJ +Bn SvsrnuATrcs AND PsvrocENy oF THE ANrsopHoRINn Bnes 485

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NrJs-I-rng scNsrcs svsNvx .{o ^rIsugAINn gHI 9Bt SvsrpuATrcs AND PHvrocENy oF THE ANtsopHoRINn Bnns +87

I 'sMer^ 'V 'C 'C 'eleural 'nlnutwtaT JorJelue pue rorrelsodo-ra1e1nlnu?uuray (uoposln) Jo €llâqelC 'fl 'V 'ç1 'C (uopos1p) V pue eleru nspnalpa (uoqdoqqun7{4) ntoq{oqtuv Jo sa1e1dl€rqr}rs€B ur ruur 'fl 'V 'uoposllJ '67, ' I0' pue ur urru I' ]ueserdâr sâurl âl€ls pu€ otoqdoqqunï(4 u-raua8qns onqdoqruV OL{

'p) 'sdnorE 'sarceds 'fl tsrg aqt o/vu pazru8of,ar ar{S paqo[q o] (nqouni pâqollrt âleru Jo etl 'l 'lBU 's8tg) pâpp? pue uopqsllo uorlrugâp âq] peuâp€orq -xof,ouo8 Jo xady (l tuesqe uortez\t / I Jo 'a1z1n8u€ '(OgO ^ourrrus -o.râlf,sI€urpnlr8uol ol pepuno; ut8rutu t ) Jo poqlâur srsLpue f,rurouo 'peorq 'T '(tgZ -xe] '(6/ 'slualawl7 Iere]zlocrde l.lpcrdz epur Jo BS aql Eursn 61) u.,{e{s^o>lrr€I4l 'Etg) '(o 'ur rslp se 3uo1 s€ sâtur] B'-g' aurapode '{uru -6 'r8tg) g I -{BZ rl€r{Jo pueq uerpâtu l€urpntr8uol rltlm 's 'sn1L1souo8 'pra]e1 'tqol qr8ual se 3uo1 sz serurt Z'Z lnoqe pue uorlralord pseq q]lm lslp lesrop 'snlLlsouofi xade tururelle p Jo asodar ur Eurlg p 1l ol l€s€q dpq8rls puu âqol l€rtue^ r{tllnt rslp 'r "lurodpnu 'aleut8r€ure 01 plslp Z IIer leur8-reurqns Sururol go ur8retu leJelelocrde ,tptolleqs lnq 'peo.rq 'f "(- 'r{BU ure^ luerrn)er ]srlC'b'(c'qBZ'r8tg)'pado ,(peorq xade el€ru Jo LS Jo rslg -le^ep 'paua11ug 'r3lg) 'psuq 'ralpurs epur Jo LL Jo ssarord rulnpzr8 euo usrpâru erour ,(pq8r1s L11e-rtua^osrop 'qlaal u€rpetuqns dgecrde T, rlll^ e Jo epls râr{}Ie uo dunq a8-ru1 q}lm JIer{ rolr 'd 'âplm '1.11e-rtue^ 'aleu epur Jo urnrpr8.(4 se 3uo1 se seturl t'e -elu€ uo lsrp pâxeg ur8.ruur pcrde 'ateurS.r?ruâ 'o '(ege 'l '(qOZ 'Stg) dgeseq â^lel sruad 3o a8pufl -r8-reura .(gzrpauroctde elelrr Jo 9S '3lg) 'ale8uole 'luasqe rluq -re8uol Jo r{f,}ed punor e r{}rm l1p-rtuan palurod dgecrde â1etuâJJo âFtu 'apryt 'q '(aO1 pue rlsq uor{s q}l^A peralol su 3uo1 s€ sâurr} yo aluld 1urqrlrs€g a-rn8rg) srreq asounld xady 'u '(nAZ '8tg) 'aldulls g'I e^len sruad 3o o^{} âq} Jo prreq Jorrâtsod 3ur>1ce1 srl€r{ pdocs q}l^ uâ3/v\leq uorlssJsurâp ou sr eJâr{} r€r{} r.{f,ns3}rxoJ âleruâJ JO €IqI] pqg lpzr-ralsod parr-rnf,pu€ peua] -ouo8 'luesard 'a1uur 'aldurs 'E ']uesqu 3o xadu qllm snoJolof,uof, 3r -lug âl€ur Jo snsr€]rseq pulH 'ru '(rg; '3lg) 'pseqo 'J-p "sadrls Jo snll.rsouog eqol râ]no âleur Jo seqsnrq Sr1pl6 se 3uo1 su -relel ralprus (rynuru.uay) auo to (n1nu,n/) olw1pus /' €ssol8e-rediprrqt l€s€q rzeu qlool rorrelu€ lno 'lerrde 'a8rz1 'algord 'aldurts 'utnlueua.rd âqol reuur qllm w (stlautuuaT) -qllm urnluâul se 3uo1 se L'

NrJsT'rnfi scNslcs svsNvx do ÀJISus^IN{l aHJ BB? SvsrBvrATrcs AND PHvrocENY oF THE ANrsoPHoRINn Bnns 489 furcatus group) includi ng A. furcata (P anzer) , termi- found wherever there are northern woodlands, nalis Cresson , borealis Morawitz, meridionalis i.e., in the northern states and in the mountains Fedtschenko, raddei Morawitz, pubescens(Fabri- southward. cius) , dufourii Lepeletier, wegelini Friese, riuolleti Pérez and urbana Cresson and the second (A. Subgenus Heliophila Klug parietina group) plagiata - - consisting of (Illiger) [ HeliophilaKlug, 1807, p. 227. parietina (Fabricius)] , nigripas Morawitz, orientalis Typ. species: Apis bimaculataPanzer, 1798. Mono- Morawitz, siewersii Morawitz, excisa Morawitz, basic. uulpina (Panzer), muscaria Fedtschenko , hortensis SaropodaLatreille, 1809, p. 177. Morawitz, and giacilipes Morawitz. Mar- Typ. species:Apis bimaculataPanzer,1798. Autobasic. ikovskaya's broad definition and diagnosis of Proposed unnecessarily for Heliophila Klug, 1807, not HeliophilusMeigen, 1803. Clisodon and of her two included groups is based MicranthophoraCockerell, 1906, p. 66. New Synonym. on characters showing much variation. In my Typ. species:Anthophora curta Provancher, 1895 ( -A. is opinion Clisodon (sensu Marikovskaya) poly- squammulosaDours, 1869). Original designation. phyletic and represents seven distinct lineages Diagnoses.Length 6.0-15.0 mm, usually 10 mm which I place in other subgenera of Anthophora. or less in almost all species of Humilis and Clisodon (in its usual restricted sense) has often Estebana species groups; female face with pale been accorded generic rank (Patton , lB79; Popov, markings,. rarely all-bl-agk-ur.-il A. poste- .\rae9or; 1951). Its mandibular and basitibial plate differ- rior margin of female hind tibia with simple hair ences from other Anthophora are striking, Do doubt (FiS. 10d); male of Old World species usually associated with its wood-nesting habits. It is, with 56 and often 55 with thick pad of hair in a however, only a small derived group of Antho- depression (Figs. 30a, 31e), pad covering much of preapical ventral surface. o"!iï;;l; Description. a. Flagellar segment 1 of female $ru;lf:f :ffii ;:t'1,ï i:#Ë:: equal to length of next 2.0-3.5 segments together; the resulting paraphyly of Anthophora). of male equal to next I.I-2.8 segments. b. Face Biologlt. The adults are active from mid May to with white to yellow markings, rarely black; male September. Many of the uniquely derived charac- with paraocular and supraclypeal marks present ters of Clisodon, which easily separate it from its or absent, labrum of male usually apically tri- close relative s Dasymegilla and Petalosternln, such lobed with median lobe emarginate (ur in Fig. as the tridentate mandibles and basitibial plate of 301); scape of male with pale marks anteriorly; the female, are presumably adaptations to wood female clypeus usually bearing inverted T-shaped nesting. Wood as a nesting substrate is known mark, paraocular marks of female present or absent, supraclypeal mark of female present or only for Clisodon in the Anthophorini [except absent; maxillary palpus 4-6 segmented; labial perhaps for A. (Anthophoroides) signatal. Females palpus 2 or 4 segmented (apical 2 segments nest in fallen logs utilizing beetle exit holes, and sometimes lost). c. Malar space of female 5-16 in rotten wood, stumps, telephone poles, fence times as wide as long, of male 6- 16 times as wide posts, partially decayed or pithy sticks, etc. t(W. as long; flabellum apically with several finger-like P. Cockerell, 1903, and Medler, 1964 termi- lobes; mentum without anterior tooth on basal nalis); (Nielsen, 1902; Popov, 1951; Radchenko, third, mentum .6-.7 as long as prementum (.*- - cept .3 in A. hololeuca);paraglossa about .50-.75 1984 furcato)1. Because of the preferance for a wood substrate, Clisodon is usually a forest as long as stipes. d-e. Midtarsal and midbasitarsal brushes of male absent. f. Middistitarsal brush of dweller. I have observed the dark form (pernigra male sometimes present. g. Hind basitarsus of Cresson of terminalis) nesting in driftwood among male simple (except flexipes with anterior tooth), Beach in Humboldt sand dunes on Mad River sometimes flattened and/or strongly curved; hind County, California. The females, which are tibia of male sometimes with apical, anterior somewhat polylectic, have a definite preference spine; posterior margin of hind tibia of female for plants of the family Lamiaceae, especially with simple hair (FiS. 10d). h. Basitibial plate of Stacfuts(Popov, 1951). male usually present. i. 56 of male usually apico- medially emarginaje 30a), Old World Included Species. A. (Clisodon) furcata (Panzer), .(FiS. ll sinensis (Wr), terminalls Cresson and xinjiangensis species usually with dense pad of hair covering much of basal half of ventral surface, basally (W") . Clisodon is a boreal holarctic group which delimited by gradulus (Figs. 10f, 30a), pad oc- ranges far into the Arctic both in North America cupying large, flat depression; in Old World and the Popov (1951) found that the U.S.S.R. species 55 often with similar pad of hair and distribution of terminalis besides being nearctic, depression, often deeply emarginate apically. j. included East to Central Asia and that of furcata 57 of male (FiS. 30e) not or slightly expanded was rnainly European to the Near and Middle apically, emarginate to produced medially with East. In the United States terminalrs is generally apex gently rounded; lateral margin with two 'urruq?-I 'T 's,.r^3r^ 'Bs IpJlue^ pu" /s 'y 'f 's,u,arrr 'alnsder ,1 ,11 .sr*arzr ,/I ,gS-tS .C .,,\Àer^ .l,I eprs pu" I"rlue^osrop letruâC lerlue^ epls 'd 's^Àer^ '/S 'l ,C .sMer^ ,alnsdet ,3 ,g .srr,rerzr lurtue^ pue BS eprs pu? I?Jtua^os.rop l€trueC prtue^ '/J '9S-6S 'V 'Dsolnutumbs 'v'l-t 'V,g-y .eruels ('H) lop1ntmuq ('ù Isruos"lâru ârltJo srâqunu eqt 'sdnorS 'WU$olpll .CIù ar" sreqrunN sercadseueqals[ pu" srpumH Jo sapur snue8qns o.totflot1tuy.0g

c

'b ']urodpl* 'u 'eplm tsrld ot Flsrp U 11ecpur8reurqns Eur se Euol s€ g't-t'I â^l€^ sruad yo xady -qol 'eEprr 'paua11eg urâ^ luerrncor lsrrd u€rpetu lnoqlr/v\ s€ tuol se ç'B-Z'2, ^r.ârl lesrop ruor; 'Etg) 'goqs ro r{rl^À a1e1d lerpr8dd aletueJ :GOg q}oo} e1etuSo snldlsouoC'ureldurrs dgeuors€JJo 'padola^ep '(tgt 'Etg) otq pe8uolord seturleruos 11âr\dlensn pâqolrrl ol pâqoilq dgensn ^Àer^ âpls 'paua11eg 't '(pOg âl€ur Jo LL Jo ssacord relnper8 lsarcads uerdo ur elerrr Jo alrxocouo8 go xedy -lqlg 'ttd ur ]uâsârd dleuorsecco qleel pcrdeqns eroru luasq€ ot ]uasard vortez\lorâlcs I€urpnl Jo o1ûl dgeuortlppe '(osolnuuonbs pue ou"ta1o"{ -r8uo1 'papunor ro aleln8ue rer{trâ sur8reur pretel ur a1e1dprpr8dd) qtaat pcrde o/v\] qlyi'e1eur p LL -ocrde lluasqe o] Teâ/v\ uorl€urEreura dgeuorseJJo 'd 'eleur8reura 'ateur8reruâ '{ 'fogolncoutq ol errlue dlpseq pue eplÀ\ se Euol dgecrde el€tu Jo BS 'papuedxa (gensn 'Elg) se ç'Z-0'I dlesuq lou se^lel ur (tOg cslp 3o qr8uel gI'I ldacxa] csrp 'o 'Âgesropocrde Jo srued Jo atprrg pe/v\er^ eplù\ qrtual çL'-BZ' euopodeSo qrtuol laldurrs or seqol

Nrrs-rrnfl scNsrcs svsNvx do ^rISusAINn sHJ 06t, SysrnuATrcs AND PrryrocENy oF THE ANTHoPHoRINe BBes +91 recurrent vein joining submarginal cell 2 distal to side view bilobed to trilobed (Fig. 30c), in ventral midpoint. r. Sting in repose attaining to surpass- or dorsal views apicolateral margin either angu- irg apex of gonostylus, about 2.2-2.7 times as late or rounded, apex not projecting inward but long as gonostylus. s. Length 6.0-15.0 mm. extending somewhat straight distally (Fig. 30b). Comments. An attractive idea is to separate m. Gonostylus of male short, from dorsal view Heliophila as a genus from Anthophora. I long flattened, 3.0-6.0 as long as wide. n. Apex of considered this possibility, which could be justi- penis valve I.3-2.6 as long as wide viewed apico- fied on the basis of small size and somewhat dorsally. o. Bridge of penis valves not basally dissimilar male terminalia. However, the Vestita expanded, either 1 .0- 1 .5 as long as wide and species group bridges the gap between the two so basally entire, or brid ge 2.0-2.5 times as long as that recognition of Heliophila as a genus would be wide and sometimes emarginate basally (Fig. highly arbitrary as well as making Anthophora 30b). p. Pygidial plate of male present, apically paraphyletic. emarginate, sometimes like that of Lophanthophora (..g. , fraterna), or with a short tooth situated Humilis Species Group laterobasally on margin of pygidial plate (..9. , Description. a. Flagellar segment 1 of female ruJoaestita),or deeply emarginate (FiS. 10f) (..9., equal to length of next 2.0-3.0 segments together; fuluodimidiata), more often with strong median of male equal to next I.l-2.0 segments. b. Face ridge; gradular process of T7 of male usually well with white to yellow markings; male with paraoc- developed, sometimes prolonged into a tooth ular and supraclypeal marks present, labrum of (FiS. 30f); female pygidial plate almost always male usually apically trilobed with median lobe flat, without median ridge [an undescribed spe- emarginate (ut in Fig. 301); scape of male with cies from Peshin Jut (Farah) India has a well pale marks anteriorly; female clypeus bearing developed ridge]. q. First recurrent vein joining inverted T-shaped mark, rarely all pale (ascend- submarginal cell 2 distal to midpoint. r. Sting in ing median arm of mark almost never absent or repose attaining apex of gonostylus, about 2.+ indistinct as in an undescribed species from Cape times as long as gonostylus. s. Length 7.5-1 1.5 Province, South Africa), paraocular marks almost mm. always absent (except in an undescribed species Comments. A. bimaculata is typical of a small from Kenya and Tanzania), supraclypeal mark species group within the Humilis group, not present; maxillary palpus +-6 segmented; labial formally recognized here, having distinctly differ- palpus 2 or + segmented (apical 2 segments ent terminal sterna. The 57 of male bimaculatahas sometimes lost). c. Malar space of female 5-13 long apodemes and SB is narrower apically and times as wide as long, of male 6-16 times as wide more deeply emarginate than subsaharan species as long; paraglossa about .5 as long as stipes. f. (Figs. 30d, e). The rest of the species of the Middistitarsal brush of male sometimes present. Humilis group (mainly African) have 57 with g. Hind basitarsus ôf male simple, sometimes short apodemes and S8.apically broad with lateral flattened and/or strongly curved; hind tibia of margins weakly emarginate. male sometimes with apical, anierior spine. h. The Humilis species group is a group with Basitibial plate of male usually present. i. 56 of transitional characters between the Estebana male usually apicomedially emarginate (FiS. (: Micranthophora) and the Vestita species groups, 3.0u), but s.ome southern and southeastern Af- although it is most closely related to the latter rican species with apex entire (..g. , some from which it differs by its small size, more rufouestita and tetradonta); usually with dense pad of extensive pale markings on the faces of females, hair covering much of basal half of ventral sur- lack of the two median projections on the female face, basally delimited by gradulus (Figs. 10f, labrum, apicolateral margins of the genital cap- 30a), pad occupying large, flat depression (ptd sule more or less straight and SB of the male with absent in some African species); 55 often with lateral margin deeply emarginate. The Humilis similar pad of hair and depression, often deeply group is similar to the Estebana group, being emarginate apically. j. 57 of male (FiS. 30e) not differentiated usually by the synapomorphies or slightly expanded apically, entire medially (shared with the Vestita group) of the dense pads_ (rarely emarginate and then only slightly) with of hair on 56 and 55 in males, lateral margin of apex gently rounded; lateral margin with two 57 of male weakly bilobed (ventral as well as lobes, ventral more apical lobe larger and usually dorsal lobe present), SB of male with apicolateral more darkly sclerotized than dorsal one; disc margins produced (not with apex produced as in sometimes with lateral margins lobed midway (as the Estebana group), longitudinal sclerotization in some African species) but usually margins of SB usually present and pygidial plate of female gradually converging toward apex, length of apo- usually flat (see character p). from March to deme .32-.6I length of disc [1 . 16 length of disc Biologlt. The adults are active (Fig. 30e) in bimaculatal. k. SB of male apically November in the Palearctic region and Novem- emarginate, occasionally emargination weak; api- ber to August in subsaharan Africa. colateral margins either angulate or rounded, Included Species. A. (Heliophila) albella Guss- longitudinal scleroti zation usually present (FiS. akovsky, albifronella Brooks , albopicta Cockerell, 30d). l. 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Nrrsl-rnfl sDNsrss svsNvx do Àrrsus^rNn sHJ 7,6+ SysratrATrcs AND PHylocENy oF THE AnTTHoPHoRINB BEns +93

FIG. 3 1 . Anthophora (Heliophita) bimaeulata. Scale lines (on right side) represent . 1 mm in A, E , F . 0 1 mm in B-D; a:arolium, s=seta. A, B, Hind tarsus of female. C, D, Lateroposterior and anterior views of flabellum. E, Ventral view of male metasoma showing the dense pad of hair on 55 and only the apex of the pad of hair on 56. F, Clypeus of male showing rugose-lacunose sculpturing and apicomedian emargination. 'rvrâr^ '3e1 ,1 .r*arzr ./J ,; .sr*er,r .gg Jolno pur11 1esJop p,rluarr -/S 'f 'I 's,!\âr^ ,elnsder ,11 ,g .sner,r ,gS ,g .sr,,rar,,,prs âprs puu l€rluâ^osrop 1elrueg l"rtue^ p,te ZS .,1 'elnsder ,q .3 .sa,rarzr ,/J .gS-tS ,g .(p.pl*o ,y .eu.ra1s pue lsrtue^osrop l€truâC lsrlue^ "rreg)pea11 'T .otna\o\ot1 .v ,"I-c I"ruos€loru âql Jo srâqunu eql eJp srequrnN ldef,xâ âFur II€ (il :v ldecxa aleru 'DI!$aa 'V'g-y 'sdno.r8 lIe ('D sercadseueqalsg pu" €lllsâ^ ,41r1do17agsnua8qns ototldotlîuV.Z€ .CIù

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€uozrrv 'eruroJrl€c Treru padeqs-J paue^ur padolanap [â1v\ e o] xade '(aou,ozo ur punoJ sr'sarceds u€ 'ocna\o\ot1'v ssoJc€ TJeru esre^su€Jl e ql1,v\ snaddlc Isnsnun 'xouaqd 'nunqaçsa 'osolnunannbs 'rellBI -lDS pue rdacxa) '(ot"ton7"tow eql râpur. sluau?il7c âr{} w ue^r8 sre}3?reqJ eq} (q lueserd dgensn sTretu paddlcerdns peler€des sr lr qcrq/v\ ruor; dnort srpurnH plro6 puu qlanleor ldacxa) ruesqe dlpnsn sTreru relnro plo aql ot pelslâr dlasolc sr pus plroM /v\eN eql -ered qlyit aleureJ ldporralue slruur aled qlr/v\ ro '(xouaUd ol pelf,lrlser sr dnorc €uBqelsg er{J 'sruaralaoc {relq âFur Jo âder s pue ?Dzuorqvur peqol 'ruru -lr1 dlTee/v\ 'alduns aDxrDqwnllc (tOS 'Etg) ç'tI-$ rptual rdacxa) 's 'snldlsouo8 'sn1d1s aleur8rerue eqol u€rpew qllû\ peqolrr1 dlpcrde s€ tuol s€ sârurl 7'Z-Z'Z -ouot 'r 'dnort eleruJo runJqel 'xade ssoJJB esJensueJ] rl]riv\ Jo xede turure]le asodar ur turlg TJBru 'b '1reur srltunH ur se uor]?ue^ 'aleurJsc oslB sur8Jeur ]nq (e1ed IIe snaddlc qlanlgog pu€ xDuaqd 'eleuuec n1n1ttïru [ere]31 serurtaruos dltuorls o] peua]]?u padeqs-a peue^ul qll^À pue sa{txay[) 'uerpaur >lreru pedeqs-a peuâ^ur dllensn sna tBrl/v\eruos e8prr leqpnlr8uol qlyv\ alerueJ lnoqlr/û -dÂ1c 'lueserd serurlâruos '@r, Jo ereld lerp€dd lqtoot e se tueserd rc (n1uopof,t1cn{ Treru leaddlcerdns 'ottonç.tota 'qlataslcoc -aqd pue ur s€) padolanap Âp1eam pue lllaraleo, q ldecxa) ]uesq€ dgensn â1eru '(aotnzo1os 'xnuaqd 'olngutîru 'V dpo serurleuros pue Jo sTreru relncoered !(aptu xvuaqd ul aldurrs) 'aottnqwnloe 'aotuo.tqo w luâsqe) luesard uelyo âletu elstuâprq elqrpueur ls8urlreu rvrolad ol allr{À\ 'q 'slueurtas p sserord repper8 i(osolnurannbs w luesqe) ql1,v\ or€d ç'Z-0'I lxeu o1 lenba LLJo (rer{}e8o} 'g-Z'Z suorlJeford pouelleg dgerlua^osrop'uerpaurqns el€tu Jo s}uaurtas ç }xau o1 lenbe 'lecrde eler.ueJ ruga8zlg 'e 'uot7{t.rcsag o/vrl sB lueserd el€tu Jo LI Jo ssecord Jo I tuaurEas l(sarceds peqrrrsâpun euo pu€ 'nso1nu Frprtdd (ntoqdoqruDrztry- ) dnorC sarcads eu€qelsg

NIIsT-rng scNsrDS svsNv) .{o Àrrsus^rN.[I sHJ +6t SysreuATrcs AND PsyrocENY oF THE ANIHoPHoRINB BBBs 495

I -TroC] '(uanr8 'E 'luesqe spuelsruearo u€rpul eq] .(e1 prr leldurrs eleru Jo snsrelrseq pulH aptu -red '116I 'lara>1coC) 'G 'tB 'sttg) e elpq Eurlrqeqursarcads Jo seqsnrq rpr/v\ttlplft J-p saqol eill roJ epeur uâeq e^eq (otorldotltuv ur paqrrrsap -ra8ug pcrde qlyv\ unileqeg !(eç 'Elg) sreqruerlr dgeur8rro) sercads qTtEauVJo stsrl dldurs ro stol uaurnl rorrolue pu€ rorrelsod qtmt eept lsadrls se -BIBO 'o116awou0z peqrrf,seprer{unJ pu€ opfawy Euol s€ 0Z'l- Lg'g Bssol8ered lurnluaurard se Euol '(ou"to{uo2u0u 'v Jo uorlrusâp peorq e Eursn uorldrrcsâpar poot se runluoru ur ldecxa) 'pepnlf,ur çB'-09' e ane8 (çlOt) TculryelT suorldrrf,sapar orn8rg ur se prlql l€seq uo qtoot rorrelue I IZZ pue sercads /v\eu [ere^os q]lû\ (++OI q orlrld qlp\ urntueur ieldurrs dllecrde elerrr Jo tunrqel -oqtuv ur tueql pepnlcq eq) oppatuV uersdepl4l :(gg' ot d.) opûaunssol7 ur uorsnrtord ]saluart I 'i+6I) 'n^toq(oqruV ol sda>1e,re8 (gçOI >lrurgârT Eurqceer lnq algord ur eda Jo qlpy'\ gg'-tt' , 'araql 'luereqnlord anrt turaq eruos petuolaq 11e1ou q8noqr dlereuat ot peuoll€lI sneddlc 's8urlreur I ntoq{otltuv u\ pepnlcw ueeq dlsnorrrardpeq }€rlt !>1ce1qII€ dlarer l€]uetun8a]ur u/v\orq I opfauV ur sorrodsdueur paceld (Oç01) nodo4 ol /v\ollad-qslppor ro arlr{a o} /v\o[ad qlrr* al€ureJ '(OgOy) 'c 'sererrroga8eg rauaqclry dq ralel pue (tç01) a4elroqull pue aleur of,€d lxeu '(EOO1 Jo 7'Z-I'T dq rorre srql o1 pell€o lsrg s€/v\uorlue]lv ) ot elerrr Jo isereurogateg Z'i-g'Z lxau ;o sqr8ual uosuaqo'U dq u8rat leruoselour aql uo spueq pawquror o] pnbo epural Jo I lueu8es rega8elg 'q 'ruur 'e 'uoq{t.rcsaq Fluaun8elur ellq/v\qllù\ sercadsuscrrârrrV qlrop lZ-B {}Eua1 dpofl o^Àlro3 paldope se/v\qlfauV ârrr€u eqJ '(to4stg '(nç 'ttg) suetunl '(pg 'ttg) ssacord rorrelsod pue rorrelu€ qlr/v\ eale8 :lZZ ern8rg o1 'atprrq l€]eleTsoxâ padole,râpilâ/û e dluo 1etâlâTsoxâue e^eq relrrurs prlrll 1eseq r€eu r{loo1 rolralue olEurs q}lr\À 's8l.{) ]ou seopsyanfiqulq npfawV ]€r{} sl I atqul (OZOI) runtueru :(p-ng rnds lelql} rauul ruor; patel '(eg 'tlg) 'ctt 'sttg) s(âueCJo uorlrârror V rnds FIql] pulq -osl qcntu rnds 1elqll pqq râlno :(t reuur pue rrrnrroc eql ruor; rnds 1elqlt pqq relno ooueJseqnd passardde qlyv\ dgerauot Burossleur 'eg 's8tg) 'c9 'crgeleur eq] Jo uorl€losr (q elalduror o] (p serurleruos Jr€tI ialdturs el€ru 3o s8elprru 'stt$ 'Elg) 'stsouflotq prsed aql se^[o^u (OtO1)eue3 l'q puno; , pue pqq :(rO luâsq€ sIIorV ol1fauV epureJ Jo retc€rerlr elqeTr€ruer euo eserrt oTTpEauUsnueC '(q 'ntt 'rttg) eldurrssr ro (p 'rtg 's8t,q)(srxe agl punore gs 'e'l) e{rl-urTler 'llâroTroc '(J 'r+t'sEt.E) 'e'l) (ary1-retlrea; s/v\orelrsoddo o/r{.} tutrazzpue DUD?sxTaqsn'd4srvro{zsope oTonsn{t"t1 'rolor llere{lo C A ur reqtre esorunldsl rler{ aled aq} Eurcnpord 'a>1crpe11sn{ot1t1t1'srepunes ruonaoqt'zlrtreJotrN szu.toez.t ']qEII ot{} tceqglp dlqeurnsard srrerl eq} uo satprr -rasqns'd>lsno4essnCsuDenuqns'F{oX nnbaoqns'A1sno>1e '(q,'ntg 'sttd or{J satprr tur8re,ruoc dlpc -ssnC taoyoîsaqs'garaTroC nsuat{as 'gara>1co3 'paua11egT-cgg ']uaurntatur lqqor -lde qlyv\ eql ol pessardde 'z1rrvrerotr41nuuot( 'pqcen nn4so{ 'z1rrcr-totr41nuasn4a( 'rlsrl 'a.lq ere srreq esarlJ o8uero pu€ ueert 'a1crpe11 Dqntro 'ga.relcoC DuCIunu'e>1crpa11 sanortaaru 'D.totldotltuV 'pqce6 'z1u*erotr41 'z1vvrero141 Jo sanq cr[e]eru ur peroloc dpq8lrq ew t?aDau onloïuow thtol 'ol1fauv 'o>luaqcslped orrrun Jo sarcads tî"taqauo.tq'4ezseueglqDzDI'z1r*tetotr\l sis ii# ##î:r|" -uaqlq'zete1 nsuayqo(ot1aq'o4uer{Js}ped ylnwta{'z1rr*e 'ecuJv eql pue uorEar ueeu€rrellpatr traqt urelsse -rotr^trruasx{'d>lsrrolessnC nsuauotlîta{'11anTJoC Dsuaa 'srlerlsnv ur asorcods dgercodso sr oryflawV pue '(esarrg) ouDzstnop'1.>lsnolessn9zanrouasap'z1rr*ero141 eer, uersdeptuopul eql'recsetepentr'sluaurluoJ suqul?tuap'dlsnolessnC fl sJvltaeon' zate4 Depslq'd>lsrvro>1 'uolnqlqslcJ plroM plo IIe uo punoJ sr,o1178a?av -zsope1 stsuapaqDqlso'z1rrvrero141nrqDlqntD'1ara1co3 'o8prr 'tr l€ulpnrr8uol o1cunfqo :pelpnts ]ed Jo se lou ro pedorlsepuââq o^er{ 'lsol 'sueurrcads uerpeur lnoqlr/v\ eletuoJ 5o ereld prpr8dd llueserd are sadd] eq] ;o uJo/v\l,laurerlxa Jo/pue serurloruos a8prr leurpnlr8uol uerpotu'Âgerluan seprual ere saddloloq eql asneoeqsnuetqns ol se dlurel -osrop pâue{clq} sprrr{}-o^r} ol prrr{} I?sBq ro rl}aet -rer r1llm paceld âq louuer sercads Euuvrogo; er{I 'qlee} Jo es€q le eTrl-Jler{s sarur}âruos earr{t o} srogs svrugcNr vuoHdoHINV o/vu qllù\ dllecrdeorpeu âl€ru Jo LI lluasqe aplu 'ru 'qlplù\ 'peleqelslur Jo a1e1d prprtd4 sB tuol se B'e-9'0 aq deur 'e1nce 'papunor 'aleu {fua1 Jâ^eu dgecrde uaurrcads eql lurnasntrry urlreg eql ur ueuncads 'l 'ropencg 'pnbedeng -rEreure o] errtua dleseq sa^F^ sruad 3o etpufl e uo pes€q sr ruo{ Dsolrua 'aosJrns 'aplrvr -wnnbs 'V 's€rnpuoH uo pâJetlef,s pue eeles se tuol Jo prof,er lcunlsrp al8urs y llzurs '(tururodg se serur] L'Z-n' f dlpsropocrde pe/v\el^ se xade o] pre/ûrllnos turpnlcur) eru-roJrleC ol '{ 'epyv\ 'sesue>I e^le^ sruod se Euol se serurl 0I-1 luaserd pre/vuse/v\ s€xeJ pue 3tuorl3p19 Jo ware 'szs uer{/v\ i(o11ûawnrqaz ur tuasq€ dlerer }nq f,rrex ur punoJ are dnor8 eueqelsg âr{l w sarcedg 'r}s 's 'rlfï 'llâreTJo1 -{ououtltv pve opûrwv W tsorul€ pue onauDrlzaozpu€'gere>1coJ DrllqglqruDx -aunssolg'o11tflauotelry'oqpflatuouozle'opûawopN) 'gara1co3 DpnDetîsn'srnoq Dszlnuupnbs'e4e1raq 'relsrlq ]uosq€ dleralduoc saurrloruos e dpo ol -utrrll ?ozrnzD1zs'reueqrlntrxn.tlqtrpltp'(11ara1coD) 't (gec 'gara1co3 'gara1co3 pernper dpearE ue13o eletu 3o snldlsouog xDuaqd o1lqdowd aouoytn( 'dgerluen ' -lde pe/r{,oJJeuo} papuedxe pu" pa^{ell gara>1co J Dtuopo {q co{' garelc oJ Dptlâ1u' e1e1.req 'uossar3 'gera1co3 se pâqolrrt ot aldurs 'poue11eg dgurtua^osrop -urll DrJDnUora suotrtpcout 'eldurrs (1enr1e1ar ol punlor â1eur Jo ellxoJouo8 ocnaploq'ga-ra1co3 Duozsreun{'uosserC sadqxagf 'l 'rslp 'pren11 yo xedy go çEueI Lg'-+Z' 15 Jo euepodv Dleuîcnao{' uosseJC nnîua'lare>1coJ ouoqat 'q '(qOt 'Etg) 'rauaqcr141 '1are1co3 asournld ur8reur rorrelsod ldacxe -sa xnroqlor4l(ta T â>lelroq -rulJ srrer{ pdocs eldturs qtlÀ\ apureJ Jo €lql} pqq aoxnquryot'e>lelraqurll tllaraltoe'goro>1co3

Nlrs-rrnfl scNsrcs svsNvx do ^TISUSAINOsHJ 96t SvsrEN,{ATrcs AND PHyr-oGENY oF THE ANTHoPHoRINn BeBs 497

FIG. 33. Metasomal tergal hairs of Amegilla,dorsal view. Scalelines represent.l mm in A, C, E, and .001 mm in B, D, F. A, B, A. (Gtossamegilla)subinsularis showing simple red hairs (in life) and a close up of a single hair. C, D, A. (Zonamegitta)cinguliJera, showing the flattened metallic blue-green hair (in the lower three-fourths) on apical margin of tergum and the sparsely plumose black to pale hairs (in life) (in upper one-fourth) and a close up of a flattened hair showing oblique ridges. E, F, A. (Zebrarnegilla) quod*io showing the flattened white hair (middle) and the sparsely plumose hair (top and bottom margins) and a close up of a flattened hair showing the ridges and marginal teeth. 'ttg) ' uzrpeu alturs e qlrm ro (lIS seqol L sârrâds IBluâlrO asnlqo lleurs Jo rred e uea/vueq eleu rvrâJ3 tlll/v\ sdnor8 uzldolqlg ue Âpreru -r8renra dy*orr?u dlanrlelar BS Jo xedz lanlq Jrlplerrr ro^eu JIer{ I€ruoseteur i(a,roqe se pornsearu eelet) erqrlâroJ Jo rolor larrtua çS Jo urtreur 1erldv 'exocpnu se tuol se serurl g'Z fsour 1" g 'usrselert Jo etpe JorJâlue ol lsoru le esodar -snv i(adocsorf,rur e repun elqrsrn l.1uo 'gl8ue1 ur Eurqceer elereporu Jo eepC uego) roloc ânlq crlpleur qlri* e8.re1 ,errlue ,e1eu o141âawosso4g Ftuos?lâru uo rrerl ueql 51 ' 'ç (rlnq a8uero qU^ JIer{ rorra}uz }wel -rtreura dpeorq çS Jo urtreur pcldy te ro rler{ >pelq IIE r1tlm e8rat pruos npfauqoN dnorE u"rlertsnv -31eru rreqt pu? r{}Eue1 w IrIIII g I }s?el :(rgg'ttg) ]redse lertue^ ur paqo[q 'Etg) lv, eJ? r{Jlr{,v\ sarJads usrpul eeJql er€ dl8uorls BS Jo aseq :(peg qlool 'reln8uelrt arâq}) u"rs/t"Furopul Âpreur'sarceds Ieralel qtlm aurapode Erl 'ttg) 'pepuedxa Ieluorro :Ggg seqol esnlqo a8.re1 -readde dl8uorls 4SJo xâdv 'rls 's ' ' Jo rred e uea/vqâq elsurtrerua BS Jo nl1fautv xede l(sndpd dregrxeru ot xade tuory ' dnort ptuerro pue rrtrrea1ud 'uerd pernsearu zap8) "rqrleroJ s? Euol se -oFltg :(tçg 'Etg) pelwod dlecrde 'tld 'exocplur seurrl t lwel ]e Jo elpprur ol -ulls BSJo aseq:(qçg'ttg) qloor 1erelel 'Euo1 ls"el 1e turqJeer esodâr ur eoleC '6 lnoqlr/v\aurepode'elerpenb turreedde 'J 'egg 'pepuzdxa 't 0I (l dlalerepou dpo 1SJo xady 's8tg) a8epuadde ate8uole ue ol ralsrlq e8epuedde '}uasard ç v, ruor; turdrerr snll;souoC atu8uola ue ot relsrlq e se (ruur ere ' '(qgg 'JLg'sEl.D 'B 6-8 6 tuesqe snldlsouoC sqÉual dpoq esoq/v\Dleutenaoru uerpul DII!îautDtqaZ' ' sarreds 'V pue fuq ueydoglg eql ur dpo ]ues usrPul o/v\] dpo qlP\ dnor8 u?3rJJv -qe) tuasard snldlsouot :(tOg 'tLt '{ dpruur lurur dpoq :(>1ce1q 'cAt 'sttg) il-B {fua1 peqoflq l,ltuor]s BS;o xedy ser{ qrlqa serreds ueu€r{C IIe IJ , all e roJ ldacxa) rler{ Jo spueq pcrde -xoJouo8 uo relsllq " o] poJnPersn1d1s epd qtlÀ\ etra] :(pçg Izrrroseleu il" -ouo8 pue urur ZI twel le qr8uel dpoq 'Etg) tuol se peorq se 'd1eru 'luesqe tnoq" uegt luesard 5r sdurvrp]soruls -rou pepu"dxâ dlerelel ZS Jo xady snldlsouo8 :(tgg 'lçg 's8t.l) paqolq 't 'r!!!'.*.':':rg Lplzar* dran ro pepunor BS Jo xady 'rorurJ 'elpul 'ecg;y ]see 'e 'cAt 'sttg) B (t lred -rluou lurru gfual dpoq lleq;o BI-?I -s3 [?srop Jo l?r]ue^ tuoJJ rep8us}Jar spueq pcrdz a1edql1,v\ tJ puz ga Âpo turreadde runurets 'pacnpord d11el 'Etg) :(tçg Euol uer{} rapeorq r{f,ntu -peuocrde saurrleuros'altJua Jo e]"ur8 'd1pre1elpopuzdxa dlreert xedy 'L 'apyo /S Jo -r?ure dplprruocrde BSJo xady ollfauuuoz ' (rln.{ e}lq/v\q}l^À 'l 'cçt 'stt.f) t (rt rced slpul ur serJedseuo ldecxa) e8uero -s3 ro ruoJJ ælntueFt 'anlq Issrop l"rtue^ Jo uoaJ8 crllelâur sdervrlz]sotule sreadde runuJeJs ]etll r{Jns pepunoJ etrat uo JIsr{ lpaluaurtas 'porvrousu 'z Ie{uos"leur ro peqoilq rârllre BSJo xady -9 sndled dregrxeru :(t 'ttg) lues ' ' 'sluaur8as tg Z,l (sapureJ) puuatuu -erd eere r"lnJrrc r{tlm lzf,rdeqnsleretel a^[o/vu le8rat Isruos"lâur pasodxe 4s leprrvrsu Euol se tsoru te '(J 'nLg '(sapur) 'sluarutas ZS Z puuotue ueet 'stt.l) retsrlq e ot pernpor snldlsouog .I*rl'i:ïJ;:îii:ïff'":Ë npo(onsv ' rrlptetu r 'rlut8 'urvrorq Je^eu Jo >lJslq e8ral 1ztu -oseleru uo JIzr{ lpaluaur8as-g dlarzr '(eço ro -ç sndpd drepxeur i("lOg'Etd eere I '1curgar1) (o"rotldotltuVânrl rllyr\) spuelsl dreu relnJrrJ pcrdzqns Ieralel lnoqll/v\ ZS -BC eql pue (OOO1'esarrg) eeurnC /v\eN '(ç96t '(E 'raueqcr141 '626y 'garaTroC) ieprrvrse Euol se seurrl aerr{t }seol}B :ql gOI Brl€rlsnv 'q6g 's8tg) '9 '[(Âpo 'ernssnes 'goro padola^ep[elvr snldlsouoC recse8epell) 0681 lztOl

NIIs-rTnfl scNsrcs svsNvx .{o Àrrsus^rN^[I sHJ B6? SvsreuATrcs AND PHvrocENrr oF THE ANruopFIoRrNn Bnns +99

FIG. 34. Metasomal tergal hairs, dorsal view. Scalelines represent.1 mm in A, C, E, and .001 mm in B, D, F. A, B, Amegilla(Dizonamegilla) sesquicincta, showing flattened hairs (white in life) in lower two- thirds of Figure A and round hairs (black in life) in upper third and a close-up of a flattened hair showing oblique ridges in Figure B. C, D, Amegilla (Zebramegilla)albigena, showing white round hairs the shape of wheat tasslesand a close-up of a single hair showing the longitudinal ridges. E, F, Anthophora(Heliophik) bimaculata,showing plumose (ochraceous in life) and simple (black or pale in life) hair and a close-upof same. '+r -oseterulurur L'Zl tseal]e qr8ual Lpog uerprlsnv ltuaserd sTreru relnJoered (ued u\) D11!flaunrn747' ' f*1.f q.).Dl1Iîawnsso17 ' slueur8asg't-ç'f, lxau Jo sr{}Euel pewqtuor o] pnbe I âreurolateg Iluasqe *nrn- rrrr,ro*î?(-îiifltîi -ilrx"ru Jo {fua1 lurrr g'l }soru }" q}plm leru ol xade tuor; pernseeru eapt) -os"teru lurur tsoru ]u ql8uel dpog '02, "rqrteroJ Jo rptual sarurt g lnoqe qr8uel ç'ZI 'exor (ued u1) s1s(ouoraslev" " pulq;o e8pe rorrâlsod ol elpprur ' 'pr5lr 'tuo1 pcrd" o] e1e1d1elqltlszq uro{ ruor; asoder ur Eurqcuer "e1uC l,gelsrp Eurpuatxesrrer{ pdors >lf,elq ,l sdnor8 ueJrr Jo 'uerlerlsnv pu"q qll^À elql] pqq yo a8pe rorrelsod -JV ro 1eluelro iluesqe 07, srrerl pdocs Jo pu"q TtBIq lno ro luesa.rd s>[r"ru relnJoered :(sndpd '6I -qrp\ e]$I,v\slqll pu5{ Jo e8perorrelsod dregrxerrr ol xade tuo.r; parnszaru Ba[ -st) lZ eJuacseqnda8uero ro rvrolad "rqrleJoJ Jo t{}Eua1seurr} g'Z lsour 'snoeJeJr{Jo'a}lga 'asuep 'exor passerdde te r{}tua1 pulrl Jo etpe rorrelue 'qrtual qlp\ pere^oc etral II3 ro ourosJo uorl ol lsoru te asoder ur turqceer -rod elqrsh r{}1,v\rolpue rlerl spueq ur tror{s ot et"reporu dlpnsn eapC 'tI Jo ' 'moged pcrde ]noqlr/v\ ut-ral ["ruos"leur etuos 9I >lrelq ro ,(er8 ' 'rreq 'a8uero 'urrnorq 'snoaJ?Jgoo 6I snoecerr{Joof e}n{/v\ 3o o1 erplrvr .BI 'orgelaru spu"q pcrde qllm etret leruos"reur [V lou z8"ral Ftuoselaur Jo JrpH opo(onsv ' 1rd prrotual rorrelu" gl atuero -par 'uear8-enlq 'uaer8 '(adocs le >[r"ur {r"p geurs roJ ]dacxa e1ed Jo enlq -oJJrru dlelalduroJ snaddlc lsarcedsuer["r]snv e Jepun âlqrsrrr dpo sarurlauros) 'zr BI rrlpletu e8rat Ieruoselaur Jo rleH 'llg Trelq [1ersorule ol gz snedllc ro (l n1773auofla74J''']uesqe a1z1dFlqllrseq 'sEtg) 'ttg) ,J, palre^ur Jo ruroJ ur Euqr?ur :(ngg aqol lnoqlrm aldurrs ur8reru 'papunor plueun8alur e1ed qllr\À snaddlc lserc reuur pue papuedxa lcadse 'crlcreepd 'uerdo5{lg .LT -ads lstuerro ro Frlue^ tuor; a}rxorouo8 yo xade :("gg 'Eld BZ" dlelsrp tur8"ra^lp sprrq]-oml sluaur8esxrs rlllÀ\ sndpd dregrxeru :(t ot JIeq lecrdz 5o sur8r€ur Fra]el r{}lm BS '1Lt 'stl.l) tuaserd sTreru rzlnroered nppaun{y " 'luasard ' ' ' ' 'SlUaUI 'ttg) LI serurteuros a1e1dplqllrseq :(lgg -tas x1s ro a^S qllÀ\ sndpd dregrxetu ur8reur Jâuur uo eqol 11"urs rl]lrvr lcadse 'ttg) '9r :(pOg tuasqz s>[rerur"lnroeted prlua^ tuog âtrxorouo8 3o xede :(tgg (ued uù DIIlEaunuoT' ' 'uerlerlsnv 'Etg) dlulsrp Eur8ra^uor sprrgl-omr 'uerpul 'uursy .II pue uersde1etuopul ot Jlerl pcrde go sur8reur I"retBI rltlÀ\ BS " '(rgg 'Etg) lffieqtnos lsluanrtas B'Z-t'2, txau ns{ououtyev eql Jo sqrEualpeulqruor eql ol pnba I aruereqnlord ]q811sqrlm dppeurocrde oreruole8eg lerqrlaloJ s" tuol se serur] ro arrlue ur8reur pcrdu qly/t BS :(qgg 'exocplur 'tt"f) ç'7, {}Eua1 Jo a8pa rorre}sod qloo] Frel"l padola^ep llarn r{}lÀ\ 'uorsu?dxa l$sedls"el le turqcear asodar ur "ept Jslp Jo uorloâsplru pJalel 'apyn isluaurEos 4s rlllÀ\ sndpd drepxe141 padola^op IIal* qllÀ\ ZS Jo xedy ' ' ' ' oppauopN dnor8 II (t'cgt ' 's8tg) uerl"rlsnv lstueurtas I t-0't lxeu seqol uerpetuqnsesnlqo yo rred eqt Jo sqÉual Peqqruor egl or Fnbâ uee/vuequorlsur8reura pcrde qllÀ\ BS 'pgt 'stt.{) I erâruolateg Jo r{l8ua1 ierqr}aro; :(t qtoo} 1eral"l tq811sq}lÀ\ 'exocprru 'uors se Euol s" eJr/vulnoqe gl8ual ro tnoqlr/v\ Jslp Jo uorlf,ssplul '0I Jo a8pa JorJelue o] lsoru Ie Eurqcuer -uedxa l€rol"l lerurou r{}lm 15 Jo xedy asodar ur eeFE lstuau8as e^$ d11e qlpauz"ttxry ' ' 'rno; 'çI ' -uors?rro qllÀ\ sndpd drepxetr41 (rp.rsq l"rlde apd qllÀ\ e8rat ' ' (ued uù DnIîauo^{V sdnort Ieruoseleurpue {}Eua1 ur urur ZI tsoru ueJr1;V lluasqe s>lreru re[ncoercd le âr? qcII^À sarcadsuzrpul oml are ç I sdnor8 leluârro ro erer{}) sarcadsuerdorq}g dpreur laqol

NrrsT-rnfl scNsrcs svsNvx do ^rrsus^rNn sHJ 00ç Svsreltetrcs lr.lo PHYT,ocENYoF rHe ANrHopnonrNB BBes 501

mal width at least 5.0 mm; length of hair with some black intermixed or flagellomere I equal to combined black and white intermixed ...... lengths of next 3.0-3.3 segments . . . Atrugilla(in part) . . . . Amcgillas. str. (in part) 26. MetasomaeitherwithT4coveredwith 2r. Pubescence of thorax brown to orange white hair, T5 with lateral Patch of (sometimes with scattered dark hair); white hair and remainittg terga black metasomal hairs usually almost atl or with T1 or T2-5 with aPPressed black, sometimes visible portions of ochraceous to orange hair, not with terga with appressed white hair from distinct apical bands of hair though hair apical margin of T3-T5 . 22 sometimes gradually becomes denser Pubescence of thorax white, ochra- near apical tergal margins 27 ceous, brown, black, or black and yel- Metasomal T2-T5 with apical bands of low (sometimes with scattered dark white hair, without appressed pale hair hair); metasomal terga with aPical on visible portions of terga. bands of hair and/or appressed hair on . Zebramegilla (in Part) visible portions of T1-T5 or if T1-T3 27 . Maxill ary palpus with frve segments; (excluditg apical margin of T3) all pale mark on clypeus reduced so that black, then scutum with white hair, inverted T-shaped mark is small, black intermixed. . 23 sometimes only represented by a me- 22. Maxill ary palpus with five segments; dian longitudinal line; supraclypeal body length at least 16 mm; length of mark small, almost absent flagellomere 1 equal to the combined . . . Megamegilla (in Part) lengths of next 3.0-+.2 segments Maxill ary palpus with six segments; . Megamegilla (in Part) inverted T-shaped pale mark of clyp- Maxill ary palpus with six segments; eus well developed; supraclypeal mark body length at most 14 mm; length of well developed (Figs . 43f , l) flagellomere 1 equal to the combined lengths of next 3.0 segments. 28.3p..i., r;;; ," â!rK:#u:,'';^,|,ï? Palearctic regions (East of 65th merid- 23. P#";.,i.;; ";i#::'$::tî :tii] ian) . . 29 eus with inverted T-shaped mark or Species found in Ethiopian or Western reduced to a median longitudinal line, Palearctic regions (West of 65th merid- if clypeus all black then species from ian).. ..33 the Cape Verde Islands . . . 2+ 29. T1 and T2 all black with no pale apical Oriental species (Indian region); clyp- bands or appressed brown hair (T2 eus all black or with small mark sometimes with white Patch of hair basomedially . . Glossamegilla(in part) laterally) . 30 24. Scopal hair on outer surface of hind T1 and T2 with pale aPical bands of tibia all white (sometimes with a small hair (sometimes weakly developed on patch of dark hair near basitibial plate) T2) or most of visible portions of T1 or all orange 25 and T2 with appressed brown hair Scopal hair on outer surface of hind (sometimes very sparse or absent me- tibia all black. . 26 dially) . . 31 2s. Length of flagellomere 1 equal to com- 30. Metasomal terga all black except a bined lengths of next 2.5-3.0 seg- patch of white hair laterallY on T5; ments; scutum with all white to propodeum with black hair ochraceous hair, no black intermixed . . Glossamegilla (in Part) or species almost all black with orange T+ and sometimes T3 with aPical scopa . Micramegilla (in Part) bands of white hair; proPodeum with Length of flagellomere 1 equal to com- white hair. . Dizonamegilla (in part) bined lengths of next 3.+-3.6 seg- 31. Length at most 9 mm; thorax Pre- ments; scutum with brown to orange dominately with white hair, some 'sÀ\âr^ '4J 'p 'mara 'slnsdec 'y41'smarzr ./S ,.I ["Jlue^ pue 9g aprs 1etrue3 pJlue^ pre BS ';1 'rr,ror,r 'alnsdec 'f 'snsrzr 'gS ,I ,H .sÀ\ar^ lerluâ^osrop lerrueC l"rluâ^ pue /S aprs pue pJlue^osrop 'elnsder 'C 't 'peaH 'g 'sr*erzr '/S ,C ,C .smâr^ l€rrueC lsJlrrâ^ pue BS âprs pu" l"rluo^osJop 'alnsdec 'g 'V 'epur 'o1tuutnbsas 'V'N-f 'WoltnSupab .V ,1g, l€lruâC ('d :g ldecxe apur lp ('ù '.a1eu'oua&q1o ('à 'V'q-y 'o1pântouonepue ''4s'sq1tSawy'rprîawo.tqa7etaua8qnson Sr*V.çg .CIt

'V e sB Eurrrras pue uoxel palela-r B ol perlddu erueu e o1 pernpâr lnq (ruesqe TEuq u€rrr;V eql 'nçg eql 'opifla747*td 'ecg;y yo à.rtnbe padirls aq] roJ ldacxe) luosard âletu yo snldlsouo8 i(q 'sEt.E) eru€u uerurssdqV'(crrequry) D"rqaz'fo1ou(tg popunoJ ol oleJunJlqns ur8reur pcrdz Jeuur 'prervrul 'paua11eg (n4o1ncncvl lueq dllerlua^osrop e1etu Jo 'eplar 'tld errlue ldacxe) eleurtrerrre l.1pseq se Euol se elrxorouot 3o xede :(rçg dgelsrp Eur8ranuoc 'l 'e€les 'parvrorreu sarurl g'e-0'I se^F,r sruadSo o8pufl perâl JI"q ol prltll lelsrp uo surtr€ur lero]el 'geus 'peorq 'Etd -leJs qlyv\ se Euol sB serull L'Z-y'Z dgzcrde eleru Jo BS Jo xade :(pçg luasard 'T 'relsrlq 'a1e1n8ue e^le^ sruad ;o xedy ? s€ (ruesqe funl eete JelnJJrJ uerpâtuqns 01 papunor 'l '(q 'eçg'stl.E) 'peqopr] ur) luasard apur Jo snldlsouoC ur8reu 1era]Blocrde ro pepunor pu€ (yvrolegs aterunrlqns'peue11eg dllerluo^osrop dllq8rls dpo arrluâ oletuJo /S3o xede laleurtrcura ol 'lunlg 'atre1 'prervrur 'stsouflotg serurlaruos alEue aertap errlua eleru Jo gS lurur ?I-B qltual 06 e lsorule le lueq urEreur Jauur uo eleur Jo addl 'l '(Tcetq *B''"'l'i'iiil elrxorouo8 yo xady IIe IJ qll^À sasoqxuD :Ï'::""îl;::i";;;,^' ldacxa) spusq pcrde elaldruoc r{}r/v\ gI-1a ierrlue setulleulos aqol uelpetu qly/t ue{o qlâel ueâ^{.leq ur8reur 'qlaal o^r] qllÀ\ 'dgenua^os (ued uù Dlllflaunuoztg lecrde '(nnlawos 'V) -roP pauo{3lr{} sPrrr{}-o/vu o} prFI} I€seq qll^À dlln 11telq IF 7J-IJ lurnlncs '(tçg -nsn alelnqer dlerpeurocrde eletu Jo LL'q uo rlsr{ r{}l/v\ e}lrlM 'Etg) Tr€lq PeKru âruereqnlord IerelBI Tee/û r{}1,v\sprnl}-o/v\} 'dgetsrp r*1.f:t.).Dt!!l,y?'rry ol JIeq pseq uo turEranuor JI€t{ o} prn{} . ' '(nTcuxtorîD'V) pcrde uo surtreur Ierel€l :(peqolrpenb Eurreed -de .szsnqt"rlo)pâqo11q_ dilqpaurocrde'parvrorreu gJ-tJJo suoruod alqrsr^ pue 7a3o urt 'E '(pçg 'Etg) '+g eleru Jo BS yo xady rslp;o çEue1 -reru lecrde pue runlnos uo JIeq /v\olla^ çç'-gt' euepode Jo çtue1 lluasard uorl€zl1 f*y.f -orelJs lecuereqnlord t{tl1v\ro yt.):r!!8aun^tqa7' l€ulpnlr8uol leratel rl"r{ apd Jo spueq pcrde aldurrs JIBII leseq uo urtreru [€ra1e1 ieqol [er]uâ^ punor e pu€ eqol (aleurrec dlerer) punor e ql1,t\ çJ-II lurur il lsoru te r{18ue1 Iesrop 'rleq r{}y/t peqo[q serur]eruos 'a1e1n5ue Jo punor rer{}Ie +t aled '{celq dgeralel pâpuedxa rslp Jo urtreur Isretelocrde Jo spueq pcrde tnoqlr/v\ IF Z,f ileqJo tlcled a8rel € qllû\ aldnrrs Âgensn ]nq qlxrs pue ]see1w :ruru ls"el te qltueT 'gt pcrdz uo eloreqnl uerpaur e ro setprr IJ çI Isurpnlr8uol (uzd uù zn!îaun"rqa7 u€Ipeluqns o/v$ I{}lù\ setul}etuos f,slp Jo uorilod papuedxe Jo elpplur i(nsoqu,p ul ldecxa) luesard 'luaserd eote JulnoJrc ueryo €urJsc pcrdeqns IeJa ;,;*:,; v)(r'ttn t,ri {;:::'::f^Ëi: -lB[ '(uorleur8reura peorq r{tyv\ peqo[q sxlaDqnw Ie^al /v\oleq IIefft >[r?ur Jo al8uz r?lnf,o euo u€rpetu epls rlree uo eqol atnce ldecxa) Jo 'leurrou >[rzru relnJoeted ldlrorre]ug IIBurs qlp\ paqolrr dlleervr o] lq8rerls uttreur pcrde 'errlue epur xedy '3 'Q7uq ur drunq Tr"Iu plueun8alur u/v\orq r{rl,v\ edecg IS 3o ' posr€r rlllû\ urtreur lera]elocrde) prlt{t lecrde uo (ued u\) un!îaunuoT (oTcutcoaazu 'Eld atprr leurpnlrtuol usrpeur'uorssardtp lecrdeqns (rtZg al8ue paddlc se '(oalntaoeqns '1ïuo1 ù lo^el lerelel qlp\ rslp pue ldecxe) 'aleur8retue âur?s dlreau w >lJeur Jo altue JelnJo leg rsrp dlmogegs ol erlluâ l.gecrde 'aEre1 -orpetu 'â 'eleru Treru relnf,oeted ll,lrorrelue Erl âleru Jo gS ur luaserd ereld l€lqll '28 -lseg 'p '(sdacryuo6 'V vr. pel"rsnJur) realc s8uunr -TJeru leluetun8alur r*olad ql!v\ edecg laleura; pu€ âletu ur ]uaserd sTJetu relncoered (ued u\) DllI&auossolg 'stur>1retu r*olled or ellr{À\ I{}T.,v\âJuJ lpaluaurtas-7 spuuq olq Eursuapuor 4gecrde sndpd IBIq€l pue pelueutas-g sndled dregrxeur 'e8ra1 go suoruod elqrsn IF ro aruos lexocprur Jo etpa rorrelue ol exocoroJ Jo e8pe pulq Eururelle asodâr uI eep8 lsadrts se Euol se uo rler{ umorq passarddu qtlm dlln -nsn 'r1e.I lnoqe essoltered lurnluâurard se Euol se L' ]noqe u/v\oJq Jo spu€q Forde qtrrur 'r 'reqta8ol utrrnluetrtr stueurtes ç'7,-t'l lxâu Jo utre] !pexruuâtur 'raqleEot Ftuosetâur TJelq çEua1 o1 lenba al€ru 3o slueur8es 0'1,-ç'Z rlllÀ\ serurleruos 'rle,{ peJ rlsrumorq txâu Jo tll8ual ol lenbe elerueJ Jo 1 luaurtes 'q 'rutu 'e 'uo4{ulsaq r{lp1,v\xsror{} luur U tseel te tp8ual rela8elg +I-B qr8ual '(>1ce1q rler{ epd spueq qrrm p II qlp\ szsaqulv ldacxe) Zt Jo 1erlde rler{Jo spusq lecrde olalduror r{tl/v\ çJ-ya lratsrlq e8ret Ieruoseleur !paxruuelur >lJulq

Nrrs-r-rng scNsrcs svsNvx do Àrrsus^INn sHJ 209 SysreNaATrcs AND PHyrocENY oF THE ANrHoPHoRrNe Bees 503 -lquoc ^{.eu (11ara>1coC) ,uorleurqtuor 'V ocyo71a /v\eu nsua(oc u\.) luesqe a1eru;o snldlsouo8 lagord (qlp1trrS)osn{uoc'uorleurqruoo /v\eu (esarrg) nsua(oc ur uoes sB dlpclde peqogq dpleam e1etu all '(,{ll*S) 'V 'sapa{g Jo suo"rrtuoc(o11fawù paprytul -xocouo8:($S.'Elg) pepunor ssalro eroru dlfecrdri '81.f) -nrqed BS i(Use eete r€lncrrr pazrlorelrs fp.i8l ruo';ds slpp' err} 'rrqa*iilfitiËl'fii pcrdeqns leratel r{}yv\ (uoqfitcsaq aàs) airiuS eqt uI 'llrdv ol reqruoraq tuor; -s1s6ûo1g o^r}re ere stlnpe dlpcrde /S iurur ç.9I-0.I f qi8ual eql Brlr;V ure}sea pue ureq}nos uI '6o7o19 'uorleu8rsâp [Bur -EFo'68 L1' srasrn,r,:';;i"rt{K o;,;}!t, Josrequeq eruos o1 da1 e anes i:{:ii' 'oppauyo^tq?Z frràil.rls .s rreql ra8rel ere o11ûawV 'LL7,'d 'eIt6I '1ara:1coC:rtTJïï 'ereuatqns dq pel€u lsoru o/v\l eql uee/vuaq delrerro ezrs -Ersep'6811 'sra1p1 'xade ep Dfntso{tqonbsldv:sercads addl e sl erer{t q8noqt ue^g s}r uo rler{ yo qcled 'd '1,681'asarrg BI ol1pauV u"rparu asuop e turrreq Lq pue turpnrlord IS pue 'Jls 's aletuole euepode stl '(lçg 'std dgecrde pepunor eserJg oTpEauV snuatqng pu? pe/v\orr?u se dlreau tou Sureq BS eql dq paleredes ers sa1eru eql qJrq/v\ ruorJ o11ûauotQaZot urâr{}noso} uortar u-?euerro}rpetrNeq} ;ilr} 's pel"ler dlasolc lso(u srrls oyûauv 'sruazauoC lnoq8norql punoJ sr dnor8 etrel sHI .uor]Bu 'errlua ol o]"urtreura l,lpuorq -lqutr.Io?/v\eu (1era1coc) aÛzuuzz pus ,uorleurqtuor 'a_plal '(zen6) zuor} .(1psuq se tuol sB serur] 9.T-Z.T se^F^ 1v\ou (11ara>1coC)4s{tapuoa s1^to7o7- 'l 'luaserd ,poqs srued;o_atpug a€tas IIBurs idrct -"wqutrroc /v\eu (ge-ralcoC) oat^ta{o^@nr,(rer1e1eda1) -ropoJrde parvrer^s€ eplrvrse 8uo1 se serurl I.Z-r.I Dalruaoeqns.'(uoraueC) ouoTso1t(s,(rarleladri) 'T '(ralsllq - e^le^ sruad Jo xedy e o1 pernper t(ufuans'(z1r*retory) aoxalps,(lara1coC) sioruqit 'lueserd 'uorleulquroc ]nq snldlsouo8 nenalo"rqeopu€ nsua(oc /v\eu (lere>1coC) o1o^tponb,(ra>1p6) 'uorleulquror ldecxe) ]uasard ruls eelas eTrl-reldtsouo8 qtyr\ suotrttcund /v\eu (reusorr4) olsiwo 'luesqe 'uorleurqtuor dpuaredde ol"ru snld}souog /v\eu (gare>1coC) ylapfio,(aserrg) {pryn'f '(E 'lçg 's8t.{) Jo ereJrns ler}uenocrde uo asredi s(anmcsqo'uorleulquroJ /v\eu (lera>1coC) ou,iqnû 'algord 'uorleulqrrroc ol esryord rreq w pa/v\er^ sB tuesq€ ol ]ues ^reu (esarrg) ns.toTttùru,uorleurq -ard aJBJJns pJluel Ja/v\o[ eJueraqnlord ,1ced -ruoo ,uorleurqruoJ Jo À\eu (garalcoC) stlanrlezw -rvreu /v\ou -s3 Isrlue^ ruo{ pâ/v\er^ se l,lprerv\}no alep8ue (garelcoC) Dluopouqau'uorleurquoc (11ere ,elgord ]erlÀ\etuos prSI] pcrde go ur8reur Fre]el -rpo3) DraeouDlara'uorleulquoc /v\eu (gara>1cô3) 'r 'rrlle]etu w peqo[q aprrr Jo e]rxocouo8 3o xady o{n.toryaw'uorleulqruor /v\âu (arnssneg) rssinpow 'rleq 'uorleurquoJ (uoll lou Jo spueq pcrde aleldruoc qtyv\ etrel /v\eu (gera>1coC) petwolttol ipaqopq dlprpeulocrde -surqluoc ,uorleurqruoJ Ieutuos€leru eletu Jo LL /v\eu (lera>1coc) 18uo7 /v\eu 'q '(tçg 'tlg) '(ue4JIV) ,uorleurquor tqtrerls lsorule JIer{ pcrde 3o urEreur IlereTro J Dexsowrotl pltUotl 'paqo11q ,punor 'uorleurqtuo) IerelBI dppem dran serur]aruos ^au. (aserrd) sdanpuoÊ /v\ou 'E '(qçg .tlg) 'uorleulquror ir.rl dgecrde ssel ro erorrr epur Jo BS -JIV) pcaot7 /r{,eu (gare>1coC) o1cuti ,uor1 rsrp Jo rp8ual ffi'-gt' euepode 5o {}Eue1 -oua{'(eserrg) rrnr{'(qll*S) *ttr{,uorràurquroc' -ezrlorelrs leurpnlrtuol qlp\ cslp iqtool uor{s q}1,v\ /v\e_u(esarrg) Dut4ua'uorleurqtuoc /v\eu (11are>1coC) JIBI{ FsBq Jo urtrenr lerelel l(nsua{oc ur luasqe) oy{nrslp'uorleurqtuor /v\au (garelcod) s1iuao1o1 eete relncrrr pezrlorelrs dpq8rl pcrdeqns qlyv\ -!p'uorleurqtuoc /v\eu (E"U) CIalzre,(snrcrrqeg) 'uorleurqruoo dgerolel xade leqol palcalord dlere]elosrop re]no ol.Dqntrzt ^reu (11ara1coC) s!îoanc ot , '(rerlaladrt) lerlue^ aqol paonpord dplee/v\ aroru reuur (r.rt sualut'(11era1cod) fraonbaq'iuort -ua{oc w eqol elturs) peqo[q dplear"r dlleralelocrde -eurquroc (gere>1coC) szsuauontltaq,uorleurq 'rleq 1.eu Jo qrl"d uerpaurocrde qlyv\ pue (eleur8rerue -tuof, /v\eu (gara>1co3) s$pqzqD'(arnssneg) ouawqui 'uorleulqruor dlrvroleqs lnq dpeorq osn{uoc pue o1n"t^tofl)err}ua /v\eu (eserrg) oaco(ocsoqp,(rertela 'J '(ocueraqnlord -drt) 'V 'saya{g dlpcrde epur Jo ZS uerparuor ouafuqTn(opûauo^rqa7) papqrul -lde IIBurs e qlyv\ osn{uoc pue o1n^t^roi)dgerpaur -ocrde eleur8r€rua dy*ogeqs pue dy*orreu apru ;iiiï;,Ëii#f {f" 'e 'el€ld 'p '(orotcso{t"t frî #i ïf,î'"î,î:'f'6o7o19 Jo 9S l"lqplsgq qll^À aletr\tr Lg slFlnp"aq] Brl{V uersr{Bsqnsq -ponb euros ur pe]ecsn;ur) realc sSuvrr ipedole^ep 'luesqe 's [Ia/u\ elsur Jo eFureJ sTrsru rslnJoered op4îawVrcg sruaww.Ceql ur uorr.rt,rrrrnr"Tfl '(nsua(oc 'V Jo ul rvrogad) stuqreru elrr{/v\ rl}l^À eceJ aql dq snua8qns lul{l ruo{ peleredes eq uer pue lpaluanrtas-7 sndpd plqel lpelueurtas-g sndpd 'rls 's ol1faaV ot pe]eler dlasolc s1ollfaraorqaz drepxeur lexocp1ur Jo elppltu ol a8pe rorrelue tur ('rlr s ototldorltuv -ur"tls 'V esoder ur eap8 lsadrls se tuol sB 00'I-1g.0 ro1sruazauo7 aas) (d-rescoy11)suaSdld dq pecelder essolEered lurnlueurard s? Euol se çB'-Z,L' runl eq lou peou pu€ arueu pll"^ e sr (zlrmerotrAl)aomlos -uetr\tr'c 'raqtatot 'V '{,l8g sluaur8es B'I-2,'J lxau 3o qfual urorJ olpflauo"tqaz sarcadsrnoJ o1da1 e 'raqlatol 'd'gZil Jo'serprus o1 lenbo eptu ;o sluetutas 9'g-0'S lxau ane8(nt ) uaTJIV dreuorsr^erJo yo çtuel ot pnba eleureJ Jo I tuetu8es rega8elg esrnoc egl ur peqsllqelseaq Âlqeqord dur(uo 'q 'rulu 'e 'uoty(ucsag 'eleredas ru/r\ g'9I-0'I I qr8ual -uds orotrAl ot lpcgrp pue repurs are nryûauo"tq az ro ser cads'yâi:, lou ''eq spueq pcrde elelduroc â:î;#^"i:iiir:,f"* ;o 'ttg) ut;i'ïÀ1i [eruos€]aur:(rçg tuesqealerrral Jo sTrsru sgl Jo seurrros"lerupadrrls aql o] sri;ar' ô1p*flariùqag relncoered l(relsrlq ol pernper wnalorrlto pue eureu erIJ 'snua8 slq] ur serueu snorJe^JoJ ruels

Nlrs-r1nfl scNsrcs svsNvx do ^rrsus^rNn sHJ ?0ç SvsrnuATlcs AND PHvrocENY OF THE ANTUOPHORINB BEES 505

1793 is not nation, farinosa (Kl"S) , garrula (Rossi) , incana The name Apis bicincta Fabricius, (Klug) new combination, mauritanica (Benoist) available for the type of Dizonamegilla because of new combination, ochroleuca(Pérer), quadrifasciata homonymy. The next available name is Megilla (de Villers), socia (Kl"S) new combination, and sesquicinctaErichson and Klug, IB+2. The sup- xerophila (Cockerell) new combination. Members posed type material of sesquicinctais in Berlin but of this subgenus are found in eastern and south- none of the four specimens there is from the type ern Africa, the Mediterranean region, Central locality nor of the proper sex. These specimens, Europe, eastward to northern India. however, are the same as A. bicincta Fabricius as traditionally interpreted. Since sesquicincta and Dizonamegilla new subgenus bicincta Fabricius are the same species judging Typ. species: Megilla sesquicinctaErichson and Ktg, from their descriptions, the distinctiveness of the lB+2 (- Apit bicinctaFabricius, 1793, nec Schrank, species, their type localities (both from India), 1781). and the Erichson and Klug material of M. sesqui- Diagnosis. Length 14-18 mm; apex of 57 of cincta in Berlin, I here designate a neotype of male medioapically entire, produced bluntly and Megilla sesquicincta Erichson and Klug (see Neo- expanded laterally without lightly sclerotized sub- typic Designations). median circular area (FiS. 351); apex of SB of Biology. The adults are active from November male narrowly tapered, weakly bilobed, lateral to April. margin almost straight (FiS. 35k); gonocoxite Included Species. A. (Dizonamegilla) sesquicincta apically expanded, dorsoventrally flattened (Fig. (Erichson and Klug) new combination, somalica 35j); gonostylus present, reduced to a blister. (Magretti) new combination, and ,tetrataeniata Description. a. Length t4-l8 mm. b. Flagellar (Gribodo) new combination. Each of three !pe- region. segment 1 of female equal to length of next cies of this subgenus occurs in a different 3.2-3.5 segments together, of male about equal to A. somalica occurs in Somalia, sesçluicinctain India length of next 1.7 segments together. c. Mentum and tetrataeniata in Timor. .7 as long as prementum; paraglossa about as long as stipes; galea in repose surpassing slightly Megamegilla new subgenus anterior edge of midcoxa; maxillary palpus with 6 Typ. species:Apit acraensisFabricius, 1793. segments; labial palpus with + segments; face with white markings, paraocular marks present in Diagnosis. Length 13-19 mm; apex of 57 of male but small, and in female well developed; male medioapically entire, laterally expanded, wing infuscated. d. Basitibial plate present in without lateral subapical circular area (FiS. 36d), male. e. 56 of male narrowly emarginate apico- median section of disc narrow; SB of male apically medially (FiS. 35n). f. 57 of male medioapically broad, with apicomedian emargination, lateral entire, produced bluntly, apicolateral margin with margins either diverging or parallel distally €ig. large lobe, submedian circular area absent, cari- 36c); apex of gonocoxite of male dorsoventrally nate C-shaped area on apicosubmedian margin; flattened (Fig. 36a); gonostylus of male pres-ent; disc with longitudinal scleroti zation; length of basitibial plate of male absent; maxillary palpus apodeme about one-third length of disc (Fig. 351). with five segments. g. SB of male with apex narroq bluntly bilobed, Description. a. Length 13-19 mm. b. Flagellar lâteral margin almost straight (Fig. 35k). h. T7 of segmenf 1 of female equal to length of next male medioapically shelf-like, dorsoventrally flat- 3.0-3.7 segments together, of male about equal to tened with median longitudinal ridge, and api- length of next 1.6-2.0 segments together. c. Men- cally trilobed, median lobe about one-third length tum about .75 as long as prementum; paraglossa of lateral lobe (FiS. 35n). i. Gonocoxite of male about as long as stipes; galea in repose attaining apically simple, expanded, dorsoventrally flu!- anterior to posterior edge of midcoxa; maxillary labial palpus with_ 4 tèned, (Figs. 3 5j , -) . j . Gonostylus of male palpus witti 5 segments; apparently absent. k. Apex of penis valve about legments; face with white markings, paraocular 1 . B times as long as wide viewed apicodorsally, màrk present in male, present to absent in fe- with small scattered setae. l. Bridge of penis male; wing infuscated. d. Basitibial plate absent valves about 1 .1 times as long as wide, basally in male. e. S0 of male narrowly emarginate and emarginate. sometimes ventrally flexed medioapically, at base Etymologlt The name Dizonamegilla refers to the of emargination a transverse depression some- two whitebands of hair on an otherwise all black times prèsent. f. 57 of male apicolaterally ex- metasoma of the type species. panded, entire; median area of disc narrowed Comments. The relationship of Dizonamegilla greatly; disc with longitudinal sclerotization; with other subgen era of Amegilla remains obscure. length of apodeme .2+-.+0 length of disc (FiS. However, its affinities seem to be with Amegilla s. 36d). g. S& of male apically broad, emarginate str. and Zebramegilla frorn which it is separated by medioapically, lateral margins either parallel or the limitation of apical bands of metasomal hair diverging distally (FiS. 36c). h. T7 of male to the last two or three segments, by the laterally mediôapically bilobed. i. Apex of gonocoxite of expanded apex of the male 57 and by the apically male dorsoventrally flattened and expanded rounded apices of the male gonocoxites. (Figs . 36a, b) (inner margin with lobe in acraen- '^\er^ 'gS '-I Ierluâ^ 's^{âr^ 'elnsdec 'y ,f .r*ara ,4g ,I .Â\er^ .1g .11 .salarzr I"rluâ^osrop pu? eprs plrueC prluea lerlue^ eprs pue pJtuâ^os.rop 'elnsdec 'c 'd ',rler^ 'gg 'g 'sr*ara ,l's 3q .3 .sruerzr l€rluoc pJlue^ lerlue^ p,te gg 'alnsdec tg'y 'ot.tqnu 'y ,1-1 eprs pu? I€Jluâ^osJop lerruec (qnflewn{y) loueapowzur(ns(ououtlcv) .v,H 'z 'c-v 'opûauo{y jgg -g lnsuao.,o('y4) prrc 's1s{ououryty'opûawoflay. ereua5qns ,sa1ewoyûaurv :cI.t

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NlJ,s-r'rng scNsrcs svsNv) do Àrrsus^rN.o sHJ 90ç Systsl{ATlcs AND PHyrocENy oF THE ANTuoPHoRINB BnBs 507

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[?J]uec ]xeu yo qfuel ot pnbe lnoqe epureJ Jo I tueurtas 'uralsee 'q 'ruur 'v 'uot4{uosag ur punoJ sr sts{ouowyzv'uor}eurqruof, re11a8e1g çI-Z,I r{}tua1 'uorleurqruoJ /v\eu (11ara1coC) Duaapnzana pue 'luasard optu 3o ereld pr /v\eu (garalcoC) Dpapast;â'uor]eurqruof, /v\au (lera -ellrseq 'V 'V i(ouaapozaxîa u\ relsrlq e) ruesqe e1etuJo -TroD) ountrv(ns{ouowItv) 'sapa(g 'rttd ,r!#:lr* sn1(lsouot :(t Tgg pâqolrrl ro paqopq urt 'opûatanîay4J -reru rauur qlyv\ pâuelleg dlprluâ^osrop e1eur Jo uerrellntr\Iol enp dlqeqord 3o'srâq 'tt.{) -tueur etrxocouot go xade :(tgg aleurtreure dplear* aTII dgercgradns Tool Duaapnaxzapue Dunerv 'V 'loqrueroq ot arrlue dgertuassa xade peorq qllm BS :(qgg o] dpf ruo-r; dg daq} uarueÀ pus 'Etd 'peorq (1enr1e1er '[rdv qloot lerelel qlyv\ rsrp Jo erdorqtg uI o] reqrueldeg ruor; dg ecrr;y 'luasard 'dgera '6op1g JIeI{ Fseq eote relnJrrJ u€rpeuqns Ierluer pue urarllnos ur sllnps âqI 'errlua 'BS -tBI papuedxa ,(lrearE dgecrdeorpetu a1etu elerrr er{r Jo adeqs 'stsouflotq Jo IS Jo xede lurru çVZI çtua1 eldurrs aql dq pu€ 45 elsur erl] Jo xade papuedxe dpeer8 eql dq o/vu reqlo eq] tuo{ pe}€r}ueraglp eI 6I' IIarasÏ; ds ad da 'razroaroy4l 'eleur aq ueo ns{ououlev Jo sn1d1s ?rïi'.:,î':,': ;i:ir:î'a

Nrrs-rTng scNsrcs svsNvx do Àrrsus^rNI) sHJ B0ç SysrnnaATrcs AND PnvrocENY oF THE ANTHoPHoRINn Bnes 509 [,1fu' U snldlsouo8 â1ztu pernpor dpeart e turneq ,rleq -reru-â dyvrorreu ol dpeorq dgerpanrocrde e1eurJo '1ruur ,j8ueio 1etuoseleur rrlletâur Eurneq paddlc padeqs çS !(uoltdltzsae aas) e8rel letuoseteru uo 'rler{ -J pau_e^ur u€ turneq dlpnsn tlq opo(otzsv tilor1 Jrllelour dleuors€_)ro ro uear8 ro anlq JII 'o11ûauopN paleredes ere dr,{J pu€ opo(onsV -l?tetu qtyv\ sarcads lsoru lurur gl8uel lerpu1 'sruawraoC +I-0I ol pâl€1er dlasolc ]soru sr,n11fauilDulz pue euTr{C tseeq}nos o} €rlertsnv .stsou7otq (geseq eluurtreure 'eprrvr dpeorq sB Euol se serurl sa^le^ 'l 'eeles 0. 2-6.0 purtrrg' Bç11'snaeuurl D?Duozstdv ;r:"t:ffitÏlt sruod Jo e8prrg perouprs qll,v\ '0gZ 'd '0ç61 'nodo6 'dgesropoclde lleurs o11ûawouoT pe/v\er^ se (n^tapaelDcur peorq ffi Euol ilod opgflauvuoz snuetqng se sarull ïù peoJq se Euol s€ oJr/v\l e^l€^ srued 'T '@tg 'Etg) '(peorq J_oxady aeles B-ù r{}l/û se '€lpq Euol se snll.lsouot o"ra{tac1n,q) ro}srlq ot pecnpar urer{uou o} pr€^r.}see pue edorngSo uortar '(oTcutcoaatu verpul q lussqe) luasard e1etu Jo snl ueouerratrpetr [ eq] ol (spue1s1 epre4 ade3 eq] -dlsouoC 'f 'pre/v\uf 'Elg) 'ureq}nos luaq pu€ l("tg alerpenb turpnlcur) erl{V ure}see pue ,paua1 l€r}ueJ Dlouoz rdecxa] lcadse leJlua^ ur Jelntuerrl ruor; spue}xe dnor8 slç uortnqrrtslp âqI '(o>luaqrslped) Jo 4W dlprlue^osrop eleur Jo elrxorouo8 yo xady nwtssxerlaopue'(asarrg) ouan1m 'l '(nlprl 'uorleulqtuoc ruo{ oçcutcoaoru)e}lq/v\ 11e ro (rourra /v\eu (11ere>1coC)suaesaaxu,(esarrg) '(sarcads '(zltttvtory) 'uorleurquoJ r,uo{r;1(Ttaqop) a8uero rrlleteru-uou ro rvta; Dlnaoru nutoct.t7tu '(sercads e) etuero rrlleleru lsour) uear8 ro'enlq ^f.âu (E"U) paroznw '(o>luaqcstpag) o7oaquow ,.ds 'u cr[11e]autrre8rat I€ruos€]eur uo rrer{ iQ.taqlomur a}eu saptl$apow' (o4uaqcstpeg) luDlrleulznta,uorleu -rtrenra -rqruor 'uorleurqruoJ Lgeerrr pue srcuaturansur papunor) (l tt /y\eu (elourd g) nuozlto\ /v\eu 'ttg) 'paqopq 'uorleurqtuoo errluo seqol uee/vuaq urtreur pcrde (srnoc) rya{opoï rvreu (snrcrrqeg) 'âTII-JIaqs 'q '(clg 'Etg) ''ds 'u ''ds 'u dplperuorrde aleur Jo LL oqotcso{ s?suapnaa(ot sapouwrQ -uat 'uorleurqtuoJ 'uorleurq drcttlp turtranuor prl{} pcrde uo urtreru lere}el /v\eu (E"U) oulsst(q 'rvrorreu 'E '(pf 'Etg) 'uor]ieurqluoc ipeqopq dgecrde eptuJo BS g -ruoJ /v\eu (rarleladrt) Dleutto"tlo /v\eu rsrp Jo qr8uel ç'-t' âuepode 3o r{}tue1 lluasard (aserrg),,,,(:;##f uorlezrloJalos Ieurpnlrtuol'.(oTcutcoaatu ur tuesard K,:ï{À,i;i:;olr*r,:i:\{"n'llrdv qlool 4eervr) JIeq lBseq uo qlool lnot{}rrvr ur8reur r€d pu€ elppltr t eql q ol raquardes ruor; '6o7o1g FJaIBI lluesard eere JelncrrJ pue eurJsc pcrdeqns dg Bclr;V uererl€sqns ur sllnpe eql ql1,v\ l.11erate1'e1nce dlerpatuocrde dlleuorseroo 'TrBIq ge stal pu€ '(Z,;-yo urtretu 'pepunor 'g '(otafiac 'II pue errtue el€rrrJo /S yo xady pcrde ldacxa) Z,I qllù\ eeq perrerl-r*o11el, -lo2 'rLt 'sEt.D 'optflawo.telry uerpul ur errlua) (l eleur8rerua etrel e Euraq Io reqtuetu pcrddl 'Stg) -uou 'V 'e8uero l.lpeorq dgerpeurocrde eletu Jo çS :@tg e osl€ sr DleutzorlD lq8rrq stal 'oldturs uorlcelord 1ere]el ]noq]r/v\ aurepode Jo eql uo rler{ pue IJ uo rlerl apd Jo pueq pcrde ue '(oqouoz 'uayorn 'ouo1o77n{ 'Vul 'spuBIsI xade pu€ uorleur8 ql1,v\Tr€tq ge dgelluesse sl rI epre4 adep -J?rue 'eJl1ua 'V 'e8ra} /v\ollsrls uerpâruocrde qlyr\) pepunol agl utrro{-r;serceds Eurryrls e sr. rya{opoï ur8reur pcrde :(ltg'Etg) l.gerpaurocrde rleq leruoseleur ar{} Jo suor}rod elqrsr^ eq} uo rlerl 'serlrleouoJ Toelq Jo r{oled pue o/v\} erp ueervr}eg e8prr pessardde ro/pu€ spueq pcrde alalduroc Eurneq 'l.11rrecuoc 'o1tt1doqag 'geurs padeqs-a uerpetu lerelel deop qll/u\ Eullqueser er? serreds duey41 'ttlp 'e 'el€tu Jo prlrl] pcrde uo eletu Jo 95 ur ]uas -ord 'p 'reelr a1e1d I€rqrlrsefl ol polersnJur tuv* rerer'rocr de papuno"É;,î?t'""i ;:?,ï 1î #:l lepue; pue epru ur luasard sTreru relncoered eql dq pue seqol pcrde uerpetuqns o/vur{}yr\ 's8urlreur Ilsrrrs moled ol el${^À r{}lÀ\ aceJ lstuaurtas âteJpenb leqrvtâruossr qcrq/y\ el€ur aql aduqs 'opûauo{V BS Jo ? t{}yv\ sndpd lelqel ls}ueur8es g q}lrv\ sndpd dre aql dq pue ns(ouotuytv q}l/u\ Euop -11rxetu 'pelerluereglp iexoc pulq 5o eEpe rorre]ue o] sxoJpnu Jo aq uer tl rlrS{^/t ruor; opûauotqaT e1pplur tururel]e asodâr ur eep8 lsadrls se Euol se selqutrreseto11ûawnrexry 'epru aql w snldlsouot ou lnoqe essol8ered ltunlueruerd se tuol se L' lnoqe pue rlerl rrlleletu-uou turzreq ,\q o717îawD{Vruo{ 'r 'raqle8ol 'Bruos€laur utrrnluetrAtr slueurtes B'I-Z'I lxou Jo paleredes sr lI eql uo rler{ passerdde 'raqlatot 'Z-g'2, tfl8ual o1 pnbe eletu 3o sluaurtes B rolpue spu€q Eurneq ,{q sps{ouo?ttIevruor; lecrde 'oryflawo{V lxeu Jo r{}tua1 o} pnbe eletual Jo 1 }uerutas paleredes dpseo sr lI pue sts{ouowytv rega8elg 'q.'11rur rp8ual 'e 'uotfiurcsaq 'sruawuo7 +l-0I {" ol palelar dlasolJ lsoru sr o11ûawprttry ([ ralcerer{r 'uoq{uc.raq ees) qoul ro 'dnorE sF{} 'o11û relsrlq ol pernpor a1etu3o snldlsouo8 lprervruf luaq ur serJedsdueur âzrs aq] ol turrra; et 'l(ntg '8t.{) 'nTouoz Jo"'gerus Ilsrrrs alerpenb eseurqC aqr rdecxel -a,uV snld 'e1nfl ?('rC) tàtqt74J',tflo1ôtaf1j 'Qun1qco1evza dlprtua^ peû\or^ se rep8uelrl elrxocouo8 3o xade ur. 'Etg) 'paqo11q 'suatsantu :@tg pe/v\orreu dgecrde el€tu BS os dlpeorq v\ aleurErerue dpleer*) allua 't 'stlg) Jo 'aplnn f (f Lt uorlcalord lere]el ]noqlrrnr aldurs dpseq se tuol se serur] se^p,rsrued 'eJueleenlord 'l 'peralt€cs B'Z-I'I 'dgesrop anrapod€ Jo xede uo ro dlprpeur Jo aEprrg pue ll€rrrs eetas -ocrde 'ecueroqnlord rleq Tr€lq Jo Unr uerperu -ocrdepa/v\arl eplm se Euol se serurl t'Z-B'I â^lB^ qll/n\ serurleruos 'prFp pcrde uo a8prr pedeqs sruedSoxedy '{ '}uasqee1eruyo snlftsouoC 'f '(E -À 'prl,{l 'I l€ulpnlr8uol uerperu lecrde uo l.lrneruor Lt'tld peue]]Bgdlerlue^osrop eldrursdlecrde 'o.rafiac 'l '(oa"ronu ''o'l) Ierolel daep qllm e1eru Jo 9S !(arrlue aleur Jo etrxorouoC eTrl-Jleqs -lDe 'rz ', 's8l.f uerpul aql ldacxa) (l Lt ) eleur8 dgeuors€Jcopue (tqol uerpatu >lee/v\qll/v\ serurl

NrJs-rTnfl sDNsrSs svsNvx .{o Àrrsus^rN^o sHJ OIç ta .:, SysrnuATlcs AND PHyrocENy oF THE ANtHoPHoRINe BBBs 511

and having a much more apically narrowed male male greatly expanded laterally suggesting Ack' SB. Zonamegilla differs from Notomegilla by having monopsis, without lateral subapical circular area r apically strongly emarginate 55 and 56 in the (FiS. 3Bd); apex of SB of male narrowed, truncate males, lacking a tooth on the apodeme of the male or rounded, similar to that of Amegilla s. str. (FiS. I, I 57 and having the male SB basally simple rather 3Bc); apex of gonocoxite of male dorsoventrally than bilobed. In addition, Notomegilla is restricted flattened, bent inward and apicoventrally (Figs. r* to Australia and Asaropoda to Australia, New 3Ba, b); gonostylus of male absent; maxillary Guinea and the Bismarck Archipelago. palpus with 4 segments (chlororyaneawith 5). Parts of Zonamegilla have been treated by Dover Description. a. Length 9-I2 mm. b. Flagellar - - (Oriental 192+), Rayment (Australia 1939, segment 1 of female equal to length of next - t944 [not L9+2], 1947) and Lieftinck (Korea 3.0-3.1 segments together, of male equal to length probably 1975). Some of the Rayment species are of next I.2-1 .9 segments together. c. Mentum.T synonyms but are listed below pending a revi- as long as prementum; paraglossa about .B as sional study. long as stipes; galea in repose attaining anterior referred to Traditionally Zonamegilla have been edge of midcoxa or slightly less; maxillary palpus "blue 1935) as the banded bees" (Rayment, since with + segments (5 in A. chlorocyanea); labial almost all members have blue or green metallic palpus with 4 segments ; face with white or yellow hair in apical bands on the metasomal terga. markings, paraocular marks of male and female Biologlt. Michener (1960) described the nesting well developed; wings clear. d. Basitibial plate biology of A. salteri. Cardale (1968a-c) described present in male. e. 56 of male simple, without the nesting biology, the lawa, and associated lateral depression, apically entire to shallowly pulchra. parasites and predators of The species fly emarginate medially. f. Apex of 57 of male year around. greatly expanded laterally as in Ackmonopsis, en- Included Species.A. (Zonamegilla) adelaidae (Cock- tire and rounded to flat medially, with dense erell) , andrewsi (Cockerell) new combination, as- transverse patch of hair, sometimes with median serta(Cockerell), atripes (Friese) new combination, subapical protuberance; apicolaterally weakly atrocaerulea (Dours) new combination, australis bilobed with small upper lobe and large outer (Raymettt), berylae(Rayment), binghamf (Schulz) lobe or with only large outer lobe present, outer new combination, borneensas(Cockerell) new com- lobe sometimes with transverse carina mostly bination, buruensis (Cockerell) , calceifera (Cock- paralleling margin on distal half; lateral margin erell) new combination, cinctofemorata (Dours), with toottr on basal half (aeruginosa rn addition has cingulata (Fabricius) , cingultftro (Cockerell) new tooth on basal third); lateral subapical circular combination, comberi (Cockerell) new combina- area absent; longitudinal sclerotization present; tion, custos(Dalla Torre) new combination, doher- length of apodome .38-.67 length of disc (FiS. tyi (Gribodo) new combination, dulciftra 3Bd). g. Apex of SB of male narrowed, eithel (Cockerell), elegans(Smith) , fabriciana (Rayment), round ôr tiuncate; lateral margin on apical half ferrisi (Raymettt), flammeozonata(Dours) new com- converging distally (FiS. 3Bc). h. T7 of male bination, hackeri (Rayment) , holmesi (Rayment), apicomèdially with two teeth, apical margin be- insignita Brooks , korotonensis(Cockerell) new com- tween teeth straight. i. Apex of gonocoxite of bination, longmani (Rayment), longula (Rayment), male dorsoventrally flattened, bent inward and mimica (Rayment) murra)ensis (Rayment) niaeo- , , then basally laeruginosa also with apex laterally cincta (Smith) new combination, parapulchra (Ray- expanded on basally directed apex (Figs. 3Ba, b)]. ment), parhlpate Lieftinck, perasserta (Rayment), j. Gonostylus of male absent; ventral lobe of perpulchra (Rayment) pulchra (Smith) puttalama , , gonocoxite of male present. k. Apex of P.lis { (Strand) new combination, salteri (Cockerell) , sa- valve 1.8-2.1 times as long as wide, subapically marensis (Cockerell) new combination, sapiens s' constricted, as viewed apicodorsally, with small (Cockerell) , shaferyella (Rayment) , stantonf (Cock- and scattered setae. l. Bridge of penis valves r'| erell) , subsalteri (Rayment) ternatenses(Cockerell) I , 1.0-1.5 times as long as wide, broadly emarginate : new combination, thorogoodi (Rayment) , aegeta basally, not constricted but lateral margin round (Bingham) new combination, walkeri (Cockerell), I (Fig. 3Ba). wallacei (Cockerell) , whiteheadi (Cockerell) new Etymologt. Notos (Gt.), south, plus Megilla, a combination, whiteleyella (Rayment) and zonata name of a related taxon. The name Notomegilla (Linnaeus). Zonamegilla range from Australia (ab- refers to the Australian distribution of this sub- tt sent from Tasmania) to southeast China and genus. India. Comments. Notomegilla is closely related to Zona' Notornegilla new subgenus megilla and Asaropoda. It is separated from these Typ. species:Anthophora aeruginosa Smith, 1854. two by the light green metallic hair (not blue or Diagnosis. Australian; length 9-12 mm; hair bright green), the expanded apex of male 57 with having a metallic green tint (sometimes only a tooth on the apodeme and the apex of the male visible under a microscope; except male of A. SB more or less simple. chloroqtaneawith white hair); 56 of male simple, Some of the Rayment species are probably convex without lateral depression, margin entire synonyms but are included below pending revi- . to shallowly emarginate medially; apex of S7 of sional study. 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Nrrsaang scNsrcs svsNvx do Àrrsus^rN.clsHJ ZTç SysrnuATrcs AND PHyrocENy oF THE ANrHopHoRrNn BnEs 513

censis),inner margin with one or two lobes (Figs. Diagnosis. Australian species (including New 3Bg, h). j. Gonostylus of male absent. k. Apex of Guinea and the Bismarck Archipelago); length penis valve I.5-2.2 times as long as broad, with 13-24 mm; pubescence brown to gray (mostly small scattered setae. l. Bridge of penis valves black in A. aurata from New Guinea and the 0.8-1.5 times as long as wide, shallowly to deeply Bismarck Archipelago); maxillary palpus with 5 and broadly emarginate basally. segments (see Description); apical margins of male Etymologlt. Glossa (Gt.) tongue, plus Amegilla. metasomal sterna modified, 54 usually produced i The name Glossamegilla refers to the long tongues medially, rounded and having a thick brush of characteristic of the bees of this subgenus. hair (hair omitted from FiS.) (FiS. 39a), q5 Comments. The relationship of Glossamegilla to broadly and deeply emarginate (FiS. 39a), 56 the other subgenera-of Amegilla remains uncer- shallowly emarginate medially with one to two tain. It seems to be closest to Micramegilla. Glossa- dense patches of hair laterally (hair omitted from megilla can be recognized by the following FiS.); 57 apically somewhat quadrate, medi- combination of characters: the usually brown oapically emarginate (FiS. 39f); SB apically nar- appressed pubescence on the metasomal terga, 57 rowed (FiS. 39c); apex of gonocoxite of male of the male wide apically with two blunt apical bilobed with long, narrow, upper lobe and small lobes and the apex of the gonocoxite of the .male ventral lobe (Figs. 39b, S); gonostylus of male with one or two lobes. Besides the brown colora- well developed (Fig. 39b). , a tion, these bees have short, velvety thoracic and i appressed metasomal pubescence and have long Description. a. Length t3-2+ mm. b. Flagellar

I tongues, attaining as much as 11 mm for the segment 1 of female about equal to length of next a galea and 23 mm for the glossa. 2.8-3.1 segments together, of male equal to length A. aiolaceais essentially all black with patches of of next 1 .3-2.0 segments together. c. Mentum white hair along the lateral margins of the meta- .6-.7 as long as prementum; paraglossa 0 .7-1.1 as somal terga, fimbriata has white and black hair long as stipes; galea in repose attaining anterior intermixed on the thorax and a black metasoma edge of forecoxa to anterior edge of midcoxa; with small lateral white patches of hair, and maxillary palpus with 5 segments (sixth is fused to pseudobomboidesis probably a bumble bee mimic fifth segment) (/. qurata^lrom Bismarck Archipel- having a yellow thorax, a black scutum and the ago occasionally has 6); labial palpus with 4 metasôma all orange (male) or T1-T2 yellow, ségments; face with yellow to reddish-yellow basal half of T3 black; apical half of T3 and màrkings, paraocular marks present in male (FiS. subsequent terga orange (female). 39e), absent in female (FiS. 39d); wings clear to Lieftinck (19+4, 1956) described some new infuscated. d. Basitibial plate present in male. e. species, redescribed many others, and gave a key Apical margins of male 54-56 modified, 54 with to the Malaysian members of Gbssamegilla median tenth produced, rounded, with dense Biologlt. The adults fly from Mty to March. patch of black to reddish-brown hair, 55 wit! Inchfud Species.A. (Glossamcgilla) amymone (Bing- deep, broad median emargination and with I or 2 ham) new combination, bouwmani (Lieftinck), dense patches of hair laterally, 56 apically flexed brookiae (Bingham) new combination, cinnyris ventrad with shallow, median emargination and (Lieftinck) new combination, cyrtandrae (Lief- median, longitudinal, rounded ridge on apical patch of red- tinck) , elephas(Lieftinck) new combination, feronia sixth of disc, laterally with dense drawing) (FiS. (Lieftinck) new combination, i,mbriata (S$th) brown hair (hair omitted from somewhat quadrate, new combination, florea (Smith) , gigas (Friese), 39a). f. Apex of 57 of male hanitschi (Meade-Waldo) new combination, apicomedially entire or with small, shallow emar- himalaj enses(Radoszkowsky) new combin ation, in- gination, apicolateral margin rounded, lateral sularis(Smith) new combination, jacobi (Lieftinck) subapical carina often present, circular area ab- new combination, lieftincki n. sp., luzonica (Cock- sent, often with median longitudinal ridge on lateral margin with tooth on basal erell) new combination, malaccemes(Frigse) _neY apical half; combination, mesopyrrha (Cockerell) , pagdeneLief- hâlf, longitudinal sclerotization present; length of tinck, pendleburyi (Cockerell) new combination, apodem e .41-.46length of disc (FiS. 39f). g. SB of' proboscidea Lieftinck, pseudobomboides (Meade- male apically-fourth narroq bilobed; lateral margins of Waldo) new combination, subinsularis (Strand) apical to half converging distally, margin new combination , subrussata(Cockerell) new com- angulate or straight (FiS. 39c); SB basally more or bination, sumatrana Lieftinck, urens (Cockerell) lesi rounded (except dautsoni basally trilobed with new combination, uigilans (Smith) new combina- lobes basally directed). h. Apex of T7 of male tion, aiolacea (Lepeletier) and lunnanensis Wu. apicomedially with 2 widely separated teeth ("*- Glossamegillais distributed from India to southeast cèpt dawsoni shelf-like without teeth), apical mar- Asia intô the Indomalaysian area where most of gin between teeth straight (Fig. 39a). i. Apex of' the species diversity is found. [onocoxite of male not dorsoventrally flattened 6ut bilobed, with large, apical, elongate upper Subgenus z{sa ropoda Cockerell lobe and small blunt to acute, ventral lobe as AsaropodaCockerell, 1926, p. 216. viewed ventrally (FiS. 39b), it profile bilobed Typ. species:Saropoda bombiformas Smith, 1854. Origi- (FiS. 39g). j. Gonostylus of male present, well - nal designation. developeâ, 5-10 times as long as wide. k. Apex of 'â 'elnsdzr 'g ',u,errr 'l,S 't 'peeH 'g 'q 'a'rsr,r 'gg 'p âr^ âprs plruâC lenue^ prluazr '^ 'elnsdec 'g 'r'rau '(prrrl-o âI^ I"rtuâ^osrop l€lruâC l€rluâ^ rtnq) Z.t pue gS-gS Igedrcurrd Sur,uoqs Bruos?larugo xady 'V 'ele,u 'g-g iapuray 'q lapu '3'-V 'q*ofiquoq (opo{onsy) qf&*V .6g .CIt

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Nrrs-r1nfl scNslcs svsNvx do ^rISusArN.o sHJ it9 SysreldATrcs AND PHvrocENy oF THE ANrsopHoRrNn Bens 515

penis valve | .B-2.2 times as long as broad as This group is Australian (including New Guinea viewed apicodorsally, with small scattered setae. l. and the Bismarck Archipelago but not Tas- Bridge of penis valves 0.6- I .6 times as long as mania). wide, broadly emarginate basally. Auecnte TNcERTAE snDrs Comments. Asaropoda is most closely related to Zonamegilla and Notomegilla. It is separated from The following species of Amegilla cannot be placed the former by the lack of metallic hair, the with certainty into a subgenus because the males are presence of a well developed male gonostylus, the unknown, the types are lost, destroyed or have not been pale clypeus and characters of the male 57, SB studied yet: A. aduenula (Cockerell) new combination, and genital capsule given in the Comments on annos (Vachal) new combination, aspergina (Cockerell), Zonamegilla. It is separated from Notomegillaby the atriceps (Radoszkowsky), bucharica (Gussakovsky), cafra larger size, brown or gray pubescence, somewhat (Friese) new combination, caldwelli (Cockerell), cam- quadrate apex of the male 57 and presence of a elorum (Cockerell), cana (Walker) new combination, well developed male gonostylus. candens (Pérez), candida (Smith) new combination, can- This group of bees has been given generic didella (Priesner), centralas(Cockerell) new combination, status by some authors (Cockerell, 1926; Cock- deltoides (Buysson) new combination, expleta (Vachal) erell, 193lb; Rayment, 1951), but is clearly only new combination, glyqtrrhizae (Gussakovsky), gussa- of subgeneric import considering many of the kouskyi (Popov) , hypocyanea (Cockerell) new combina- derived characters it shares with all other subgen- tion, karakumensis (Gussakovsky) new combination, era of Amegilla. Rayment (1951) treated the spe- katangensis (Cockerell) new combination, liberica (Cockerell) cies of Asaropodabriefly, describing six new species new combination, lutulenta (Khg), macroleuca (Cock- but giving no k.y to species or good diagnostic erell), maculicornis (Lepeletier) new combination, characters for the group. Some of the Rayment marqueti (Pérez), mephistophelicana (Strand) new combi- species are probably synonyms but are included nation, nigropilosa (Friese) new combination, niuea (L"p- below pending a revisionary study. There are eletier) new combination, nonconforma n. sp. , potanini several species, both described and undescribed, (Morawitz) new combination, puluuea (Walker) new which look superficially like ,4. bombiformis. combination, rapida (Smith) new combination, ruficornis Traditional characters for Asaropoda have been (Dours) new combination, rufipes (Lepeletier) new com- the red-brown coloration and loss of the last two bination, semipulaerosa (Dours), senegalensas(Friese) new segments of the labial palpus, but it appears that combination, simbana (Cockerell) new combination, these segments are easily broken off and in life sjoestedti(Friese) new combination, subtorrida (Cockerell) there are four segments. Michener (1965) defrned new combination, torensis (Priesner) new combination, Asaropoda more clearly and recognized its affinity tubifera (Cockerell) new combination and uestitula (Cock- within Amegilla, giving it subgeneric status and erell) new combination. building upon the work of Rayment (1951). Biologlt. This group of bees flies year around. CLADISTIC ANALYSIS There is an apparent absence of Asaropoda frorn Using a list of variables for which polarity the dry interior of Australia, but this rcray be from lack of sufficient sampling. could be determined with reasonable confi- In Anthophora turret-making is found only in dence, I have developed a list (Table 1) of 70 species of the subgenus Melea; in Amegilla it is apomorphous tribal, generic and subgeneric characteristic only of some species of the sub- characters found in the tribes Anthophorini genus Asaropoda. A single female of A. rickae from Bolgart, Western Australia (Rayment, 1951) and and Habropodini, the genera Anthophora and a big aggregation of dawsoni from 160 miles (258 Amegilla and the subgenera of Anthophora. A k*) northeast of Carnavon, W. Australia similarly constructed list (Table 3) of 17 (Michener, 1965) both were found with turrets apomorphic characters was compiled for the over their nest burrows. Cardale (1968b-d) gave subgenera of Amegilla. The distribution of some biological notes about an unidentified spe- cies of Asaropoda and described its lawa (Cardale, these characters among the taxa, i.e., the 196Bc). data on which the cladograms arebased, are Included Species. A. (Asaropoda) albiceps (Ruy- given in Tables 2 and + respectively. ment), albigenella Michener, alpha (Cockerell), Cladistic methodology is discussed in the anomala (Cockerell) aurata (Friese) new combina- , section on Methods. Because decisions on tion, bombiformrs (Smith), calaa (Rayment) , cygni (Raymettt), dawsoni (Rayment) , dentiaentris(Ruy- what taxa to reco gnize were made after the men|, epaphrodita n. sp., grisescens(Rayment), cladistic analysis, some species groups, not houstoni n. sp., imitata (Rayment) , meltonensis now recognrzed as taxa, were included as punctata (Ruy- (Rayment), preissi (Cockerell), separate entities in the study. Table 1 there- ment) rhodosclmna (Cockerell) , rickae (Rayment), , fore includes some characters relevant to rubricata (Rayment) , rufa (Rayment) , rufescens (Friese) , sc)mna (Gribodo), sordida (Rayment), those groups but not used as subgeneric sordidula (Rayment), and uictoriensis (Rayment). characters. 'opûatuy ol anbrun sr ..uârunl pârâqruerp epn9p,, eq'I,'ueurnl pap8 morreu e18urse e^Eq I[" seâqeurprrluâr pu" âurrârne'eunuor11a141['(qç '8tg) uaunl MorJ€u a1Sursz qrrrvreepgl '(t) (rç '3rg) pâJaqrueqr alqnop,, " rllrr\ "â1eC 'çI 'op$auou1t1g ,,ueurn1 ur dpo punoJ sr Âqdrourodelne srqa ['aldurrs ro pâqol ^1daapul9retu F3ydB tltli\À_run11aqelg] '(t) (qgZ '3rg) urS.retupcrde uo seqol snorerunu qly* 'Euol urnllaqelg :71 'opt8ewoq\uy flerus 1o dqdrourode enbrun u" sr snII ['saqo1a4t-ratug 8uo1 Isre^as qlrru dlerrde runllaqeyg] '(t) 'Ërg) 'aldurrs 'gI (pçZ paprs lepered prrc pa^\orreu sprul-o^ l lecrde Âgeerde tun[âqelt 't1s 's otot$otpuy ol enbrun sr dqdrourode tqf ['lt prr€ €I selqerre^ ur s? ro alduns ro pâqol ilsnoraurnu puz dldeap ur8.reur pcrde qlrm tunllaqelg] '(I) luo"J ur ruo{ pâ^{âr^ se pcr1d11e'aldurrs z(gecrdeurnilâq"ld 'ZI ur Surlseu o1uorlzldepe rrc sr pue uopostlColenbrun sr alqrpue,., et'tueprJt eqa ['qtool 'slzlueprg '(1) 'oleluepul 1""rdrqr,rÏJ,ffr'tI tnoqlr/\^ rlqlp*Wl qleel prrduqns râ^{ol puu roddn çr,rl elqrpuel4l 'qloor relnqrpueur raddn u? qtr^ sâIeur a^Eq rurpodorqell pue rurroqdoçuy reqto 'o1ufioqag auos (qdrourode '(1) '0I go u" sr srql ['qroor pcrdeqns qlr^ âpruJo alqrpueyq] eldurrs â1eruJoelqrpupl .rugoqdoqruyl 'oe7cy47 erp ur opûauroqtuy pue r11ûauoutrlg 11e arnos ur ,(po puno; dqd.rourode snor,rqo ue sr sgudqlnoru aqr;o qfual pâs?ârcur ârp roJ areds apr,rord ol aoeds rel"ur oql ;o uolte5uole aqa ['8uo1 ueç 'reaurl '(1) 'epraa, râPrM serull âroru ro ezrg âFurâJ Jo ereds rzpl4i] 8uo1 u"ql JeprÀ\sorurl aarql eleuray go aczds *py.t '(Z) 3uo1ueql .raprÀ\sarull eotrp uuqt ssal 'ale8uola d1Euo.r1sâlzruâJ acedsrep;41 '6 'opUdolpU Jo umuJv Jo dnort e;o dqd:ouodeuds y ['eldurrs ol€ureJJo uruqe1l '(nZg 'StS) uorlcalord el€lncreqnlrq pcrdeqns uerperu qlrâÀâ["urâJJo urnrq€rl 'B 'eeuuoqdoqluy râqlo ut punoJ tou sr 1nq rurroqdoqruy eqr ur err^,u ts"al l" uesr.redpuepuadapur szq ruruq€l peqolFr Âleordeeq; ['arrluadlerrde et'.', Journrqul] '(lçz 'rr-r)psqolrr ^ty,ii.TirxfË rri,ffi,r*;* ", 'szposso1floæ;çgo pe1ur1dlqrssod sr uoueuroueqd peardsapr,n rliqa saroadsauo irue ointpuy go sirceds o,r,rl 's1douyn1'('ururoc 's,radarno141) alqmday4J vettreurv qlnos snua8qns paqrJJsâpunue '(wnryttlluop) 'oytg(oqeq 'rpo{otqop Jo ''ds 'u Dsnqtorl w p serredsduuru u1 1o sercedsoa,rt ur oxop,to{ opûautF ur punoJ osle sr uorlrpuoJ pe^rrâp e^rlrurlsrp srqa '(sarcads6out) ototldotlluoto1stT4Tol enbrun sr dqdrourodeuds 'pezrlercadsun srql rur.roqdoqtuy eql u1 ['eetas pezrrnodpueS qtrm lu€râqqord l18uor1s o1 dlele.raporu '(1) 'Std 'sl 'uaped eleurâJ Jo eceg] (qft sâpsrrq pâuâlt"U lf,âre lnols Jo ^Àor âsrâ^srrerl ? l"qr e qfrrvrdgeseq uâUo pue azles d,rea,r.ropalooq dgarrde '1ceraqlrar sneddp 'peua11egeFtuâJJo âJ€t 'g '(slreru dqdrourode ue sr dlqeurnserd slruur âsâql Jo eeuesard eqt âroJeraql esâql tsol â^"q o1pïauty lllal e) opôawy rcl ldacxa slreur relneoe.red apd gtrirr eeugoqdoqluy âql w sâprueJ ou lsoru1e '(1) 'g ârE âroql ['ruasqe âleurâJur sllr"ru r?lnf,o?Jed ep4] luesard epureJ q sTr?ru r"lnf,o"red ap4 'sTreru r"InJoe.red epd eql Jo ssol âq ot sueas ruuoqdoçuy oql unprilr e1e1ssnoqd.roruode aqt 'ero;ereqa 'sTreru rulnf,o€red epd er{t â^eq qcrrl,rÀ sâ^rlulâr osolr e^€rl saJEJ qlln se1etuâ^"r{ l"ql sarcedsge l€rll sruaeslI 'sTJeur.relnroered apd 're,rainoq 'seleur Tf,"lq 'sEâJ" arreq aurroqdoqlûz pu" eurpodorqeq II€ lsou:rlv J€lmoe.red 1ce1qazreq saurJeJne 'seleur epru Ip lsorul€ prre seurruolrlâru ât"ur aursdoleuroxe dueru âJurs ur?ueJun sr âlqzrre^ sql 11" '(1) '7 Jo,bFelod aq; ['luaserd eleurJo Treru r"lnro"Jed epd] ruasqe eleurJo Tr?ru r€lnf,o€red ap4 'ototl{ot1\uy eraue8qns snorre^ '(tptt4o!tag) 1o uI uaslre z(puapuadapur s"q râlr"r"rlf, strt;- o.roq{oqtuy p* on ît*V Jo sâpurâJ I1e lsou{u 'a1e1s 'ua,rotrlun ur punoJ e.re sturl.reur I?lJeJ âIed snoqdrourorseld âql sr srql dlqeurnserd puu a.re sepurâJ ur sturlreru sââqeursdoleruoxa eqt tuoruy 's8urryzu rlJns o^Eq saurpodorqeqgo saroads 'rurroqdoçuy["rJ"J na; e dpg aql u1 tdacxa eeurroqdoçuy eqt ur erer sr 8ur1"reurprce; pruarun8etu qlu '(1) âIerrrâJV ['1ce1q aprueJ 3o aceg] snaddp uo Sunlreur plueurn5elur apd qrrar "**"{Jl,iil*.rir"" sSurlreur prcu; irnogedezreq 'saleur pece;-apd â.Àeqqf,rqa seaq]soru se se 'aepFoqdoqruy crlrsered '(1) IIem 'Z -uou 11ulsou{V ['s8uqreur no11edqtr,u apru Jo aceg] s8urlreru 3tnl^ qlri e1etuJo âr"ù 'a1e1scrqdrourorsald aql pârâprsuor âroJârerp q qrII À araurole8eg 'euuorne 'aurpodorqell '8tS) lsrg uoqs dle,lleler e â^"q saeq eursdopuroxe pu" eunuotr1aru ['(qZ I1e '(1) sluaur8asEurpeeocns râ^ÀeJ ro eerqlJo qfuel pror ot pnbe epruâJJo ; tueruSesre11a8e1g] slueurSas Eurpaecrns rnoJ ol eeJql u"qt aroru qrtuel pror o1 pnba epurâJ tuaurSes reqetelg 'k) 'Erg) Jo Jo 1 '1@t sluaruSesSurpeeccns rnoJ ueql âroruJo r{rtual pror o1 pnba epruaJJo 1 luaur8as re1p8e1g

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Nrrs-r1nfl scNflrcs svsNvx do Àrrsus^rNfl sHJ 9Iç SysrnuATrcs AND PHyrocENy oF THE ANrHopHoRINn Bnns 517

16. Sixth segment of maxillary palpus equal to about half length of fifth (1). [Sixth segment of maxillary palpus about equal to length of frfth.] Among those tribes of the Anthophorinae which havea six-segmented maxillary palpus such as exomalopsine, melitomine and habropodine bees, the sixth is about equal in length to the fifth as it is in Anthophora.Amzgilla has a reduced sixth segment, an apomorphy.- 17. Bàsistipital processbilobed (Figs. 25a, 25e,25f) (1). [Basistipital processwith one projection (Fig. 5d).] Hàbropodine, centridine, eucerine and melitomine bees have a basistipital processwith one projection. Anthophorahas a secondary projection on the process. 18. Scape antèriorly with dense pilosity such that integumental surface is hidde! (1). [Scape with -pilosity anteriorly sparse to absent.] The derived condition is found only in sorne Hel'iophila. 19. Mentum with long anterior tôoth near basal third (Fig. 22k) (1). [Mentum simple (with single, short tooth only in,4. (Dasymegilla)excrsa) near basal third.] This strong synapomorphy unites Melea and. Anthophoroidrs. 20: 57 of male as wide as long, rather square in ventral aspect, sides almost equal in length and lateral margins almost parallel (Fig. 18d) (1). [S7 of male not square in ventral aspect,_width less than length, lateîal marginiconvergin{ apicâXy.l This apomorphy is found only in Càranthophora._ _ 21. Midtarsal brush of male present (Fig. 2h) (1). [Midtarsal brush of male absent.] This apomorphic character is found almost exclusively in Pyganhophora and its relatives; except for a few oiher speciesof Anthophora,it is unknown in other Anthophoridae. 22. Midbasitarsal brush of male present (Fig. 29b) (1). [Midbasitarsal brush of male absent.] See comments on character 21, except this has independently evolved in Caranthophora. 23. Middistitarsal brush of male present (Fig. 2h) (1). lMiddistitarsal brush of male absent.] See comments on character 22. 24. Hind basitarsus of male modified with tooth and/or ridge (1). [Hind basitarsus of male simple.] Most Anthophoraand ù1 Arnegilk males have simple hind basitarsi. This modifrcation of the hind basitarsus apparently has arisen once in the Anthophorini and is an apomorphy' 25. Basitibial plate of female pointed apically (Fig. 29b) (1). [Basitibial plaf: of female apically rounded.] This is a unique character found in Clisodon. 26. Basitibial plate of male poorly defined to absent (1). [Basitibial p!a1e g'f male. present, well defined.] Presumâbly the genetiè expression in the female to produce a basitibial plate is car-ried over and expiessed in the male. Though the polarity of this character is uncertain, I believe that the loss of the basitibial plate in the male is an apomorphy. 27. Hind ti6ia of female with posterior margin with simple hairs (Fig. 22h) (1). [Hind tibia of female with posterior margin with plumose hairs.l This character is unique to three small groups of Anthophora.The remàining Anihophora, all Anugilln and Habropodini have plumose posterior zones of hair ôn their hind tibiae and thus the simple hair in this zone probably is an apomorphy. 28. Hind femur and tibia of female with white appressedplumose hairs almost completely obscuring outer surfaces(Fig. 321)(1). [Hind femur and tibia of female without appressedplumose hairs on outer surfaces.] This apomorphy is unique to some Heliophik. 29. Hind basitarsus of female with posterior distal process acute (Fig. 22h) (1). [Hind basitarsus of female with posterior distal process rounded.] This is an autapomorphy of Melea. 30. Apex ôf hind tibia of male with anterior spine, hind tibial spurs separated such that one spur is inserted near apex of spine and the otler in the corium (Fig. 2aj) (1). [Apex of_hind tibia of male simple, hind tibial spurs normal, in close approximation and both inserted in the corium.l -In the Anthophorini this is an autapomorphy of Anthophoroid.esand rarely seenin other Anthophorinae. Such a -peculiar modifrcation of the male hind tibia must be an apomorphy. . 31. Posterior inner surface of female hind basitarsus with longitudinal cavity (Fig. 18h) (1). [Posterior inner surface of female hind basitarsus convex or angulate.] This character is unique to Caranthophora. 32. Hind femur of male dilated, bulbous (Figs. 24i, 24j) (1). [Hind femur of male normal, slender.] Such a peculiar modification of the male hind femur is not necessarily correlated with a toothed hind basitarsus. This unusual modiûcation must be an apomorphy. 33. Pygidial plate of male with carinate margins, dorsally flattened (Fig. 13c) (1). [Pygidial plate of male, if present, without carinate margins.] Carinate margins are unique to Pyganthophora..I am uncertain as to whether the presence or absenceof a male pygidial plate is apomorphic. Following the reasoning given in charactei 26, a pygidial plate on a male may be an apomorphy. Males of Amegilla, eucerine,-àelitomine and exomalopsine bees all lack pygidial plates but habropodine bees possess them. Even though tÏe Habropodini are the sister group to the Anthophorini, almost all the rest of the male Anthophorinae lack pygidial plates and thus I believe the presence of one is an apomorphy. On the other hand, the presence-of a male pygidial plate could be an apomorphy indicating,sister group relationship of the Ânthophorini and Habropodini. The loss of the pygidial plate would then be an apomorphy- within the Anthophorini. S+. fygiaia plate of male without carinate margins but dorsally rounded (Fig. 15c) (1). 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NrrsfTng scNsrcs svsNvx do ÀIrsus^rN.o sHJ BI9 SysrpuATrcs AND PnyrocENy oF THE ANtHopHoRINn Bess 519 least half as long as wide (Figs. 19b, 30i).] All habropodine and eucerine bees have large gonobases. The gonobase has presumably become apomorphically reduced in various anthophorine groups. 56. Female constructs turret of mud over nest entrance (1). [Female leaves nest entrzrnce unmodited, without turret.] Even though the old literature gives the reader the impression that most Antlnphora build turrets, they are actually unique to Melea. 57. Stinging behavior absent (1). [Stinging behavior present (1).] An obvious apomorphy of Melea. 58. Batesian and/or Mûllerian mimicry of bumblebees (1). [No apparent mimicry of bumblebees.] Anotlrer autapomorphy of Mclea. 59. Nest constructed in wood (1). [Nest constructed in earth.] Only Clisodonnests in wood, with the possibleexception of Anthophora(Anthophoroides) signnta. Since all melitomine, eucerine and habropodine bees nest in the soil, soil nesting presumably is primitive. 60. Gonostylus fused to gonocoxite (1). [Gonostylus articulated with gonocoxite.] Melitomines, eucerines and habropodines all have articulated gonostyli. Presumably the fusion ofthe gonostylus to the apex ofthe gonocoxite is an apomorphy found in anthophorine as well as centridine bees (except Camonomada). 61. Bridge of penis valves basally elongated and often emarginate (1). [Bridge of penis valves triangular, basally simple and either square or bluntly pointed.] All Anthophorinae -have the plesiomorphic type ofbridge ofpenis valves except the Anthophorini which have the bridge ofthe penis valves elongated to varying degrees. 62. First recurrent vein of forewing meeting posterior margin of second submarginal cell near its midpoint (1). [First recurrent vein meeting or nearly so with first transverse cubital vein.] Melitomine, eucerine and habropodine bees have the first recurrent vein of the forewing meeting or nearly so with trst transverse cubital. Anthophorines have the apomorphic state. 63. Third submarginal cell of nearly equal length on posterior and anterior margins (l). [Alterior margin of third submarginal cell about half lengh of posterior margin.] All bees in the outgroup have a third submarginal cell which is narrowed anteriorly. All Anthophorini have the apomorphy._ ^ 64. 56 of male strongly convex, apically entire, apical margin strongly bent ventrad (1)- {Si of male gently convex, often apically emarginate, apical margin not or only slightly bent ventrad.l The 56 of male centridine and habropodine bees (except pachymelines) is strongly convex, apically bent ventrad and curving only on the lâteral margins (few Anthophorahave the apical margin bent ventrad but the disc is not strongly convex). 65. One gonoJtylus on gonocoxite of male (l). [Two gonostyli on gonocoxite of male.] All bees in the outgroup hàve two gonostyli per gonocoxite. One has apparently been lost in the Anthop!_otiqi. - - 66. Gonostyli much flattened and wide, paddle shaped (l). [Gonostyli elongate, usually qlghtly clubbed o. oniy slightly flattened.l Melitomine, eucerine, centridine and anthophorine bees all have the elongate gonosiyli if present. The flattened, paddle shaped, ventral gonostylus is unique to the Habropodini. Oi. Stip"r *ith apical concavity, housing the stipital comb, one-fourth length of stipes (1). [Stipes with long apical concavity housing stipital comb, broadly and shallowly emar,ginate,extending at least one-third lèngth of stipei.] Among the non-parasitic Anthophorinae only the Habropodini and the Anthophorinf have a short round notch housing the stipital comb. This is a strong synapomorphy uniting these two tribes. 68. Forewing-thèn apically papillate, papillae simple, not tipped with hairs (1). [Forewing apically hairy or if papillate, paiillJe tipped with hairs.] Most bees have_hairy wings. In Anthophorinae.the hairs bn the papillae have been lost twice, once in the Centridini (Ctntris) and again in the habropodine- anthophorine lineage. 69.-Tibial scopiconsisting largely of simple hairs on outer surface (1). [Tibial scopa consisting largely of plumoie hairs on outer-surface.] Almost all non-parasitic female Anthophorinae \ay9 tfe tiblal icopâ consisting mostly of plumose hairs, except the Habropodini and Anthophorini in,which the scopal hâirs are largèly simple, iometimes with some plumose hairs along the anterior and posterior margrns. 70. Jugal lobe of hind wing one-third or less length of vannal,lobe measured from wing base (l). [Jugal-lo6e of hind wing at-least one-half length-of vannal lobe.] Àll Anthophorinae. except-the- Éa6ropodini and Anthophorini have relatively long jugal lobe one-half to three-fourths t!'relength of the assôciatedvannal lobès. (Large speciesof Pachymclushave the jugal lobe nearing one-half the length of the respective vannal lobe.) The ihortening of the jugal lobe must be an apomorphy' prn,,optîewouo| or enbrun sr z(qd.rourode eqa [.u]Ereur prlde pra1e1eïrJ r?u urgreru *:ffi"(ri:i, tlrl^Àepru '(t) xaauô71duor1s ./ fo SSI @6g,aL6.s8rg) ùÉie-'1eciulorffà- ç,* epur Jo 9S sr ,(qd-rourodurn?-eqr['ul'"zru ["fer?l '"âu r]?rl.Jg qcled esuapou ,iluera ,rrr'?Y#i"î.il{rï:.J rsrP ef,uâf,sâqndqrrm tPî '(l) (aLg'8rg) rpei"l"l .9 Jo {9 çsl rl'q io .I"1nâ.ro"p " qrl.rÀepru Jo çs pcldearlrue,o,n,o.*"";?,Ti'#,fffi.?,iiT,y*":;*:ffi tÉIff '(t) 'tl6 ff csl (t6g 'strJ) areur8reruadldeap $ïTïTErË{,Ï,:îtËi.ç ro pue ipàorq,rfrtn* lecrde''peglpour eleurJo çs dq"IT,.: 'Frrrroup?llp.* ' 't sââqernlârne ,i:X:;îryy:: [fi.o5J""d,î:î"t;ff " rrrtsreru:'#.:!!fy.v,_Tl__l!_pf,rcl" e1eruJo .(l) (nOg .8lg)ï .peglfour :l lSl pprruâ^ lueq ur8reru'fLârde ep',rrjo iè 'e.roga.req; 'sïr€ru *e sr dlqeurnse.rd-slreur esâql Jo ecuasa.rdeql r"Inroered erreq *p** 1T*;î."1: '(1) âulpodorq"Il_oN U"eu -rz1ncoe.red.1noçra'reprueg] sryen1"relncoe.red eled qlr*âprirag .g !'(t) 'seaq i^'q(uouode snol^qo ue sr lsoru ol uoruruof,'sndpd lrelpxeurpaltàut3às-q ^ '1dpd àniorl drelgxeur s"q rtr*F rpo{o.risy o1Ë'ârcp; kË.t; :1:*-:: {".::o1-aqa 'o?uotbotllyt 'V^'op1ïauo7o7Jiraluaur5as-ç qior*rri pue slueuàes ç seq âuo erurs tu"rol -ç pâ^[o^a- -;o_sarcads Fjrsajue'pâ'ruaurtâi : qojJ a^"rl o1 sruaddu o11ûeuoro^Igo sndpd d.rzpxeu paluaur8es-l-eri.r. l.rrueuiges q qlr,r,r snol"d ^r"[Fx€I{J '(I) sluaur8as '(Z) .i' ç qrrm sndpd ihepxey4i srueur8astr çtm snd-1eà,tepxey{ 'crqdroruodz^ 'seaq âJE pu" aurlacne pue (opo{on1do1gtdaoxa) aurpodorqeq 'urc ur PunoJ lou er€ PUDIsltll Jo santuot 8uo1 Z spâacxeuerJo rT18ualpsso18 qcrq,rl rn qiiînaDrsàlg uI pe^erqr" uââq s"q qËuâl ân5uo1 1sa1ee.rb'erJils"lloror ælnqnl deap ro srnds .relcau guô1 e^eq ,!\ou qJIq-À\sJâlrao$ çr.rt 8ur,r1orraof,ro.ol turfdepe rn J3qlra paleÊuo1eeaeq senSuol dlqerunsarj ['exorPrruJo 3àPerorrelrr"^àurw?ll? ^lerer ^Iuo "eleCl '(I) "xo3prurJo elppFu dpo asodar ur 3uru1e11e '(z) ,tuo1 ;1 "ePc "xoJ purq ^pqËlls Suss?drns o1 "xoJprru Jo âlpprul asoder ur Sururelte eepg 'I 'vT1l2shtY âlq"J roJ s" sr uorluueldxe aqa do vusNscsns gHr do sr.rsvruv do rsl-r '6 trTgvr

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8. A large lateral tooth near end of apodeme of male 57 (Fig. 3Bd) (1). [Apodeme of 37 of male simple, lateral margins more or less parallel.] This tooth is found only in Notomegilln. 9. Lateral margin of 57 of male witJr a tooth on basal half (Fig. 36h) (1). [Lateral margin of 57 of male without a tooth on basal half.] The Habropodini lack this structure but some groups of Amegilla and Anthophorahave it. 10. 57 of male with width of disc on basal two-thirds equal to about half of width of disc on apical third; basal two-thirds almost parallel-sided (Fig. 35h) (l). [S7 of male with width of disc varying on basal two-thirds such that basal two-thirds is not parallel-sided.] Eucerini, Habropodini andAnthophora do not have 57 with a long parallel-sided disc which is slightly expanded on apical third. Such a structure is presumably an apomorphy. 11. SB of male witl two well developed basal processes(Fig. 38c) (1). [SB of male simple, without any basal processes.] This is an autapomorphy of Notomegilla. 12. Median apical lobes and lateral lobes protruding from apex of S8, with margin between them lateral lobes strongly emarginate (Fig. 37i) (1). [Median apical lobes weakly developed or 'n absent; margin between them only weakly emarginate to entire.] This structure is only found Micramegilla. 13. S8 of male apically narrowed, lateral margins converging apically (Fig. 37c) (1). [S8 of male apically broad, lateral margins more or less parallel (Fig. 36c).] Almost all males in the outgroup have broad eighth sterna. The apical tapering of this sternum is presumably an apomorphy. 14. Gonobase in lateral view much longer than wide (Fig. :69) (t). [Gonobase in lateral view about as long as wide to wider than long.l This apomorphy is only found in Ackmonopsis. 15. Gonostylus greatly reduced to only a membranous blister or absent on gonocoxite (1). [Gonostylus present, from 3 to 10 times as long as wide.] The absenceof a gonostylus is an apomorphy since all bees in the outgroup have gonostyli. 16. Penis valve with strong laterally protruding lobe on apical half (Fig. 36f) (t). [Penis valve with small lobe or no lobe laterally on apical half. This character is unique to Megatnegilla.l 17. Pubescence metallic (1). [Pubescence not metallic.] None of the non-parasitic bees in the outgroup have metallic hair.

"terminus" TABLE +. MATRIX OF CHARACTERS OF rhathymines) at the of the THE SUBGENERA OF AMEGILLA LISTED Anthophorinae. This placement seems IN TABLE 3. unjustified now that Caenonomadahas been Variables 1-t7 are representedby the columns reassigned from the Exomalopsini to the from left to right. Explanation as for Table 2 Centridini (Snelling and Brooks, 1985). The exceptP-1&2. many plesiomorphies of Caenonomadaindi- cate a more ancestral position for the Cen- 11111111 tridini, possibly near the exomalopsines. If r234s67890123+567 this is correct then the venational apomor- Anthophora 00000000000000000 phies hitherto used to associate the Antho- Amegilla s. str. 00000000110010100 phorini-Habropodini with the Centridini Zebramegilla 00100000010010100 (i... , shortening of the second abscissa of Micramegilla 00100000100100100 M + Cr, loss of hairs on the alar papillae and 100 Ackmonopsis 00000000100001 shortenitg of the marginal cell) are con- Megamegilla 11000000000000010 vergent between the more derived members Aframegilla 2000000010000000 1 of Centridini (i... Centris and Ptilotopas) and Dizonamegilla 10100000000010100 , These wing Notomegilla 0P100001101010101 the Anthophorini-Habropodini. Zonamegilla 20101110100010101 attributes may be associated with large size Asaropoda 01011010100010000 or rapid flight. Probably the closest relative of the Anthophorini-Habropodini lineage is the Eucerini, the two groups at least sharing CLADISTIC RELATIONSHIPS a small stigma. The former has diversified The relationships of the Anthophorini- and probably arose in the Old World, the Habropodini to other Anthophorinae are not latter diversified and most likely originated clear. Michener (L97 +) placed the Antho- in the New World. phorini (which included Habropodini) be- In the following paragraphs, character tween Centridini and Eucerini, positioning numbers in parentheses are from Table 1 the centridines (and the ericrocine- except as otherwise indicated. 'uorsre^eJ 'elq"ræ^ " sâ]?crPurx uv e Jo 'I srâlJ€rur{f,Pe^uâP JequnJ luasardar sasaqluaredur srâqrunN âIqea ur pâlsll serqd.rourodeluasarder 'ototldotltuyz .0t .CId srâqrunu arqa ;o erauetqns pue ru!:oqdoqruv Jo ereuat eqt rog urertopelC

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Even reflects the homogeneity of this group, and ignoring these characters, I can find no results in a cladistic pattern that might subgeneric group of Anthophora from which change if additional characters are dis- Amegilla might have evolved. covered. There are four main lineages of Anthophora shown in the cladogram (Fig. 40). The first BIOGEOGRAPHY is a group consistitg of Anthophora s. str., Unfortunately we have only two fossil "Anthophora. " Pyganthophora and Lophanthophora charac- records for Cockerell de- terized by long first flagellomeres (1) and scribed A. melfurdi (1908) from Florissant, "brushes" males which often have of hair on Colorado. There is no reason to differ with their midlegs (21-23). The second group, Cockerell's placement of this Oligocene fos- consistirg of Petalosternon, Clisodon and sil but not all of the diagnostic wing veins are Dasymegilla, has males with a trilobed labrum clear (for further discussion see Zeuner and (7) and 57 with a strong lateral tooth on the Manning, I97 6). The placement is therefore "de- "Antho- apodeme (+2). The third and most sp€culative. The single specimen of rived" group contain s Rhinomegilla, Anthome- gilla, Melea, Anthophoroides, and Paramegilla. Their male synapomorphies include an api- cally narrowed SB (43) and an elongate, basally emarginate bridge of penis valves (49). The fourth group is Caranthophora,and Heliophila. The females of this group have t 50 2 37 34 58 49 white to yellow facial markings (3), males 14 I 32 8 28 57 54 48 have short apodemes on 57 (41) and most +44 8 31 26 56 30 34 +13 3 22 18 32 32 32 have a small gonobase (55) +7 20 48 10 29 26 Figure 41 is an alternate cladogram which ) 32 40 7 2t 1 2 ,2 gives separate origins for the Rhinomegilla- 55 Anthomegilla and Paramegilla groups, mainly 37 27 because the former has males with simple 92 hind legs (2+). In addition the Melea-Antho- 1 phoroidesgroup is shown as the sister grouP to 35 Heliophila because they share a small gono- 27 6 base which would have to be reversed in the 24 Estebana species group of Heliophila (55). I 7 prefer the cladogram in Figure 40 since it appears that Rhinomegilla and Anthomegilla have their clos*T relatives among Melea, Anthophoroidesand Paramegilla as suggested by their similar termin alia. The unmodified hind legs (2+, 32) of the Rhinomegilla-Antho- megilla group probably indicate that it is more ancestral than the Melea-Anthophoroides- 49 Paramegilla group. Even though both clado- 47 43 grams are about the same length, the alter- 26 nate one has five more reversals than the preferred one. FIG . +1. Alternate cladogram shown for certain Amegilla There are two main groups of subgenera of Anthophora, using the same charac- (FiS. 42). Six subgenera have SB in males ters as for FiS. 40 but making different assump- narrow apically (13, Table 3) and triangular. tions in the main right branch of the cladogram In the other five this sternum is broad about which characters are convergent. Explana- apically and quadrate. The small number of tion as for FiS. +0. 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ranges in North America. Lophanthophora gilla was in the Palearctic. Anthophoroidesis may well have had the same evolutionary found only in western North America, south past since it has a similar distribution to that to Honduras. There are 12 species (includ- of Pltganthophora,but lacks arry South African ittg six undescribed ones) which are mostly members and has a widespread range in limited to the Mojave and Colorado Deserts. both western and eastern United States. Two species have apparently dispersed to the Again like Pltganthophorait does not range south, one reaching Jalisco, México and the into boreal regions and the New World other Honduras. Since Anthophoroides is members are not morphologically dis- strictly New World and is the sister group of tinctive, as a group, from Old World mem- Melea, both r.rraywell have originated in the bers. North America. Indeed, of the two species The Clisodon group is mainly temperate groups of Melea, the one with the most Palearctic. The most widespread subgenus, ancestral characters is the Bomboides species Clisodon, has only two or three species. One group, which has three nearctic and one speciesis Holarctic (Popov, 1951) and inhab- palearctic species. its part of northeastern China as well as Of the Heliophila grouP, the member with northern North AmÇrica. The other one or the most ancestral characters is Carantho- two species are Palearctic. Vicariance is an phora. It is Palearctic with two disjunct areas, unlikely explanation of Clisodon's range, one Mediterranean and the other Asian. since one species is boreal, occurring well The Vestita species group of Heliophila is into Alaska, and thence to northeastern subsaharan and has its center of species China. Most likely this species also occurs in diversity and probable origin in southern the intervening areas of Siberia. Since the Africa where the most primitive members of other members of the Clisodon group are Heliophila are found. Therefore Heliaphila strictly Palearctic, presumably that is its area probably had its origin in Africa. The Es- of origin. Petalosternnnpossibly originated in tebana species group is largely restricted to the Mediterranean region since 18 of its 2l the southwestern United States, but ranges species occur there. to Honduras. (A single specimen in the The Melea group includes five subgenera Berlin Museum is labelled Guayaquil, Ec- with diverse distributions . Rhinomegilla and uador, perhaps in error.) Southern Califor- Anthomegilla both occur at high elevations in nia and Arizona is the center of species Asia, mainly in Xizang Province, China diversity of the Estebana species grouP (26 (Tibet) and in neighboring areas. Rhinome- species plus one undescribed). Since one if gilla is restricted to Xizang Province and not all of the species ranging into the neo- Sikkim . Anthomegilla additionally occurs in tropics also occur in the southwestern Mongolia and the forest zorte of Siberia. United States, they probably dispersed Paramegilla is widely distributed in the west- southward from a possible temperate origin. ern Palearctic and Ethiopian regions. In Mlstacanthophnra occurs in several disjunct addition, it has two species in the south- areas. Its largest, more or less continuous western United States. This distribution range is in North America where one species may be explained by vicariance, or by for- of the Urbana species group and three spe- mer wider distribution. Neither the Old nor cies of the Montana species group live. A New World species are boreal and the two monophyletic subgroup of the Montana spe- New World species are similar to their Old cies group is Antillean. The five Antillean World counterparts, not unique as a sub- species are more closely related to two Amer- group in any morphological aspect. Parame- ican species than to the other neotropical gilla has great species diversity from the members (seven plus one or two undescribed Mediterranean region east to the Aral Sea species). This suggests that Mystacanthophora (at least 40 species). In the Ethiopian faunal invaded the Antilles from Florida. The pos- region a single derived species group (about sible invasion route via the Yucatân penin- 10 species) of Paramegilla predominates. It sula is also less likely because the single seems clear that the area of origin for Parame' Mexican species is more closely related to 'erler}snv -radsrp euo dpo snr{J q npo{o^rnsV l"q] pus ellr;V ur dpo e^rlJns slueruala ot esrr anet pue elsv ruor; peards Jo}saJ 1enrrllâ, sll ]egl ro urtrro u?rdorqlg u" p"rl -ue aterpeuur sll ro ol1faunulz leql dl.ill npfauv wqt ueeru duur slrlJ 'suorlnqlrlslp arotrr sl 'erlurlsnv 'Â1e1o1 'dpreur 1l q sle^rrrs luaJar dlerrrl uerdorqlg tou JI e^Bq (Z+ -elâr dlqeqord 'Etg) are rurroqdoqruv erurs puer{ nrrrer8op€lropfauy âgl Jo ureua8qns 'oslz '(rçg 'ttd Jerpo âqt uO npfauuuoz roJ urtrro 1eseqrnoJ lsrg er{J euo rep8u€yr Jo "er" eql wllt slgl l"r{t elqrssod rl }r uorter 'rvro"rreudlpcrde ue qll^ esoqt (Z) p,rn (rgg 'tlg) 'alerpenb 'apl^ uer["rtsnv eq] o] peusuor sr opo(onsts orurs BS el"tu dlecrde u? 'e?rv uersdepruopul 'opl&auv eql ur JnJJ o opfaranuoz qfryt esoql ( I ) Jo seteaurl ureru o/vu Jo sarceds âq] Jo tsotr\tr'uor8ar irlcrea uaeq â^er{ a"rârlt}erl} suraestl 'acuetrâ^uoJ -ted 'ototldoqruV eqr paretue dpq8ls ser{ pue suor8ar let Jo dlluqltsod eql eprse turpnd -uarro pue uerlerlsnv eql tnoqtnorqt punoJ 13qr uu{l luoJa"I eJorrr sr uorl"rpeJ s}l 'opo(otDsv 'n1pîatuDuoz Jo sr o1 dnort ralsrs eql sdeqrad 'umou>TaJe sarqdrourodeuds crraue8 'tuaurtuor lerp ur peleurErro dlqeqord pue -qns pooE ,v\eJpu? o"toq{otltuvuer{} snue8 erIBJlsnV Jo esoql of repurs âJe opo{o^tosy snoeuatouroq oJoru qJnru e sr q1fawV 'oteladrqc Jo sarcads ueaurn3 rvreN âqJ 'sJarJJeq JIuBaJo .roleur pessoJJ -rV eql seulnC ,v\eN sapnlrul 'elsv Trreluslfl Pue Eurneq Jo eJuapr^a ou s/v\or{s }l }nq pue dlerluec ldecxe "rlertsnv ur ereqr*drene ruoJJ "rl?r}snv rIJsaJ o} sreuJsq Jruseso 'uJer1uou dpuaredde sr a8uer asoq/v\ opo{onsts aTrlun âlerepour passorr sBrI 1r dlsnopqo 'luaurluoJ er{r Jo rorJe}ul eql tur}er}auad JeJ âJe sâlnoJ JrueeJosueJl eJurs 'ppog 'erlzrlsny 'assql ur dpo srnJco oppauqoN ,v\eN âr{} r{J?eJ o} âJnlreJ s}l sureldxa ssJnJ -eraduret À\ol Jo ecuerelolq sgl dlqeqor4 'eusluo{u 1g;:"':î"ï iT,xTJJ:i'iil" iïi^ Jo }ou sr }l esurs seJnl€ 'arâr{li,iJ' I€eJoq rnJJo sercads Jrern Jo %06 -radtuel /v\olJo eJuerelol oFUI seq 1r dpuared Je^o eJurs uortar uerdorqlg aql ur peleu -dy 'ws"q ueeuerrelrpatrN eql s" qJns sear? -r8rro qloq rer{} esoddns ot elq"uossarun f,rJox ur uoruruoJ osl" sr opfauV 'psradsrp 'elpul ]ou sr ]I uJâr{tJou pue uorter ueâu sll ol sJerJJeq lou eJ€ scrdorl erIJ'sseJJns -errelrpetrAtr 6eJIr3V âq} urequou pue uralseâ Jo eJnseeru e sB ef,uepunq€ pue dlrsrarrrp tpalcrrlseJ 's uI EurrrnJJo oJorrr srJls DITIE sarcads sâT"t auo yr 'scrdorl plro6 plo eqt ur -auv '?Tu"T 'otoqdorttuv Irs pue slpul {}nos ot ecueqt paqsrrnog seq opfauV eil1un 'ur8rro plro6 /r\eN ,::f:: J:: :]',J;'i{y,* ï : ï e per{ dnort aq} }ern asoddns ot elqeuoseer îïl'ff#,' 'rls 's 'p1"rop1 erll Jo euo sr oplîa?av ol dnort relsrs srrroes 1r ,v\eN erp ur ere sarcads dtl 'n11yflawztqaz'rorurJ Jo arlr ur âuo pue elpul -"rofeur lsz^ aq] pu€ satels pellun âql tuor; sr 'nl1e*os 'sarcads ur auo ul auo aeJr{tJo stsrs ototldotltuoco\st(74JJo sarJeds , (e^rlrurlJd,, lsoru -uoJ 'uJalse/v\ 'urreqrs nppawDuozse oJoru a.re qJIqM âql ef,urs ot edorng 1erluaC ruor; 'rls 's 'dnor8 nl1pauv pus ollpauuqaz ldacxa reqlo orlt pue uerl ur euo 'plro6 plo aql ur tsrs eql ue{} slsv lffiaq}nos pu? srlerlsnv JnJJo sarcads o/vu 'de8 a8rel Jerpous ssoJJV 'BS ur aJoru paJeluâJ sr aleru /v\oJJeudgecrde 'lrserfl urets€erllnos ol eurlua8ry ure 'eraueEqns Jo JIBII ue r{lp\ Jo dnort puoJes ar{J -quou eqr pue euoz usepuv eql uI sepnlrtls 'JrlJJeoFd uJâls€a q81q le punoJ ere dpsour sarcads usorretuv -qlnos 'gg osle ]nq Fluorro dlulzru sr apru {}nog'errreruv ler}uaC ur o^rorldoqTuocoTs(74g eplÀ\ dlecrde eq] dq u/v\oqs se erauatqns Jo atuer eqt ur det atrel e sr areqJ 'opûawDssol7 rnoJ lsel ârll ol pelelar sr r{Jrrl,vr '(AfOt 'urvrorg) drolsn{ r"lrtuls " eæqs 'uortar rrlrreeled erll otul pesredsrp ll tad sarllrânnq u?âllluv 'suorlnqlrlslp plroM 'uzrdopllg ere (ns(ouo?tr3ltv pu" nllpaun{y rvreN aq] ureldxa ol sruees aJuerJzJr^ uerll 'op4&auoîayt1''e'l) se^rtsler tsesolr srl erurs JerIleJ uorsredsrp'srarrreq Jelem 'araql lelruersqns pâteul8rro os[e dlqeqord n11fawzlzlry ssorJ o] elqe eq ol uarrord wq ototldorlluV 'ns(oumaryV 'ecp;y pue opQawo{V ere sB eJurs 'eorroruv qlnos ruor; dpcarrp sluer8 'sarqdrourorsald of pelJrJlseJ sr lsoru aql qlr/vr -rru a^reJer tou p1p sa11rtuv aq] dprepac 'sauo snuetqns oqt'n111flauoîaytç'ârer{/v\osle}Jurtxa lsoullv usallrtuv pu€ u€Jrreruv {rrop auo8 â^€rI zraua8qns asor{}Jo sa^r}e}uaserdar eq] 01 uer{} sareads u"JrJeruv qtnoq eql

Nrru-r-rng scNslcs svsNvx do ^rlsus^INn sHJ 9Zç AND PHylocENy oF THE ANIHoPHoRINB BBns 527 - SysrnuATrcs ,al from Asia to Australia could account for 1927.Ueber einigeArten derAnthoptnra - ,. the present Australian fauna. q.uadiJasciataGruppe. Entomol. Mitt. 16:120- .' Eiiaentty major barrie rc to Anthophoradis- ^,!3;^ persathavebe"r,o""a',u'd lo*Iu,,â;;"pt.;. ^ff:fj-fi:::l?#r*e.";i,?Ji;,iL*,m:: ' The only large southern hemisphere Antho- àa.. à"i principaux genres'd'Apoiâea.Anais ' phora launa is in southern Africa which is da Faculdadede Cienciasdo Porto 56:.l-117. âccessible from the North via the east Af- Banaszak,J. -197.!._Observations. on.!n1hop_!to1g ricanhighlands. otherwi,. o,'rf-o".-'"u- f#:#"i!:i.Slff*l':rA fiî:i:b."* I. genus, Mystatanthophora,has crossed tropical Batra, S. W. 1'. igOZ. Crop pollination and the regions; it is found in both North and South flower relationships of the wild bees of AÀerica and tropical speciesexist now in the Ludhiana, India (Hymenoqlela^:.A_poidea)' Jour' KansasEntomol' soc' 40:164-177' , Antilles. To accôunt fôr the subgeneric dis- persarin thenorthern h"rrrirpt""r",-'À*i;- *.;lriâ;l'#;r:*::,'Tià;lr:I:rÏ;rirl*i phora must have moved between eastern and otËer bees. Jour. Iirtrr"r' Eniornol. Soc. westernhemispheres at least six times. Most 45:208-218. ;- North, Bees of India- (Apoidea)' their such dispersal^*as p.esu-ably in the *l .1977' tothe sen- probablyacross the Bering su.it *"., r"iii 3:l:A:i:';lrumiifff irlev involved subgenera that include species that 1978. Aggression, territoriality, mating ? range into cool to cold climates, The Helio- and nest aggregation- of- some_solitary-.bees phila case (Humilis and Estebana species (Hymenoptera:. Halictidae,_ Megachilidae, c^olletidae' Anthophoridae)' Kansas En- gro,rps) ho*ever, involves groups ,roï ,"- Jour' ',- ,-t'icieito warmand "o,r,r'oJj ;;il ;; -"*"]if,r"ô.il.i,i;?i3;"titarybee,Anthophora gions. Vicariance across tJre Atlantic or an6ope,in Punjab, India. Jour. KansasEnto- mol. Soc. 53l.112-114. '., more accurately dispersal acrossthe Atlantic *hen it was much narrower than at present Solitary bees' sci' Amer' ' ,*.iro!nli: may well explain the present distribution of *""r"r"Ï. i., C. F".rièr. and O. W Richards. this subgenus. The presence of endemic tggZ. 1.tt. gânericnames of the British Hyme- . Anthophoraspecies on oceanicAtlantic islands nopt€ra Aculeata,with I ch_ecklist of British ,. Namesof showsthe pôtential for dispersal acrossmod- 1ngcjgs,-pp.81-149. Iy'fle Generic British Insects,part 5. Royal Entomol. Soc., . erate ocean barrieis. The fact that the biogeography of Antho- tohiTlt"". 1919. Stammesgeschichteder ; phorini can be largely, or wholly explained Hauiflûgler. Biol. Zentralbl. 39:145-186. as dispersal, with little evidence of vicariance Bow-ley,.D.R. and H. M. Smith. 1968.The dates Nomenclator th.ough continental movement, suggests of publicationof Louis Agassiz's Jour' soc' Bibliog' Nat' Hist' , that this is a group most of *rt..i "".i""ù." t',tftt-tulît' or '. occurred after the continents had more Brooks,R. W. 1983.Systematics and bionomics less attained their present positions. of Anthophora:^The-!ômboidelF_t_oup and spe- ,. LTTERAT'REcrrED îî"'-.:îiïiiff*î,i:'i9lÏ'Ëiirloi",iii: Entomol' 98x-+ 8.6^ppt Agassiz,-co"ti"""", L. .I. R. 1847. Nomenclator Zoologicus' rià*i"u iv""îliià ô"nerurÀAni- 1986.classifrcation of the p$oq!o11e . tur.. 1'2, Indecim Ù;i;rJ;. bees.(Hy_meno?tera: Anthophorini). Ph. D. " malium . . , j;;ECræ.àÀ, Soloduri, viii+ 393 pp. (fqt IJniv' Kansas'- vi+ 325 pp' - - -}:tit' of the West .o**"rrt, o" àutJ seeBowléy and Smith, tàOS Br9w1, F. M. 1978- The origins F. B: Gill. and Kevan, 1970). Indian butterfly fl"qu. .1.,: kd..)' - Alt;-ilma;. i6zl. crta"_go de los Himen- Zoogeography in the Caribbean. Special Publ. f Acad. Nat' Sci. Philadelphia, pp. opreros de éuba. Instituto C"ubanoàel Libro, f9a^13, Éavana, 218 pp. l-128' j Alayo-3;;;;b"banos. Soto, n. iôgZ. Observaciones en Himen- Cane,J. H. 1979. The hind tibiotarsal and tibial l. Apoidea y Sphecoidea. .pr1. artic rlations in bees (Hymenoptera: Ap- Kansas Entomol' Soc' Pà"yurr., No. 241, 7 ppi 9i^a91)-'.^Jour' r Al*eri, ;.'o. rszo.'.pËii."g "rrr Kenntnis der ^52:123-137' Caldaler,J. 1968a-.Nestsandnestingbehaviourof Bieneifa'na """ Âgypd. Sen.k"nbe.gi.ttu" r, 8:96-128. Amcgilk (Anugilla) pulchra (Smith) (Hymenop- rep "uneJuepldv trrz Eerlrag '206 -drrcsap qllÀl, 'o"tot1doqruVsrrua8 aql yo sercads 'dd 'urlreg 'snutîDpod '698I .g ,uosserC g1g usrrreruV çro51 erllJo lsll V 'ueprdy tg I snueC er€rrlos Urqi {eer'àdbi"à eeprdy) sedorng ueuerfl elq 'L6BI 'H 'aserrg e'nleNpu' sprrs(r,'u2r:#:,t'lLriiiS;t:il 'loruolug 'ros 't06I .14 ,gare1co3 Igç-66?:IL æu€rd raluadrer eyo turlseu oql A 'uuv 'acadsa eilâ^nou eun(p uorldrrcsap eI '0ç-9t: (ù .rstH ']uN t ce^e srnessr^erle soreJllaurseraldouarudll sap 'tnpuuv 'sâeq erauet ureuor uO '206I 'C 'uopag 'XI 'uoIlBlS Jo ]rurlsur6l rns seeqrut?psaloN pcr8olorg orrxetrAtr/v\eN âr{l ruo{ eqt uo tueruruor roJ 'çt6t suorlnqrrluoc '106I 'llareTsoc .M pue 'sp_reqcr6 l'etep a eas 'aprl lnoqlrû\ ra1sr8e11e srdd 'gç-r+r:z,t 'dd 'ee8r,rsunrfl 'snqruort 'lslH 'teN 'ErW 'uuv 'o^rot1{ot1tuVI 0t] 0g + 6t, + ^lx (Ol) 'snqruorle^Jâsqo 'srco1 'srurduo _ 'egt6 -drrcsaq snuot ar{}Jo seeq uecrr;V tl}nog -uds 'sarcadg 'ereuag 'saurprg '+ç-tt: 'Iooz srlcalpy L utrrnpunrestuntotezer4 eualsdg'[çOgl] u?ïlsrlsnv 'ell?rlsnvJo saoqeqI 'qIt6 'sld ''dd 'eeluJeH 'ZBZ-7LZ:Lbl)'rslH 'rsN 'EeIN'uuv'IAXXD B 6Iç 'Z 'lo1 'snqruoltdrrcseq (snqruorle^resqo 'saeq 'e1t6 Jo sprorar pue suorldrrcseq 'srco1'srurl.uouds 'Lç-B1:g 'lslH 'tBN 'En141'uuv srlcafpy'sarcedg'urauag (Of) 'sourprg 'sesse13 'e1cny 'seeq '0t6^IXXC unpunJes ]a Blep Jo sprocer pue suorldrrcseq 'dd 'g+t'oN 'sntrN.rauv -uaurugBrrleuretsds er8olourotug't6L ll seletr^oN 'dd 'uortar_ '626 Zgg laers uer[Brtsnv aqt tuor; seeg -dtt 1ertrnqsuold'snqruorle^resqo'snqruorl 'LZZ-7[Z:B1(O) ']stH ']€N 'tnIAI 'uuv 'IIXC 'seeq '9Z6 -drrcsaq'srco1'srnrduoudssrlcalpy'sarcedg Jo sprocâr pue suorldrrrseq 'erauag'seurprg'sasse13runJolcesul suelsrs '9IZ-gB[:I unesntrAI aer8olouolug euralsdg 'çLLI 'C'f 'snrcrrqeg ueqrnq 'uuv 'letsN ruor; dgarqc saaquerrr;V 'BgZ-tI .IooZ , .teN '9 I :6 (Ol) qrnos Jo uorlrellor e uo goda11 16 'lrs 'uuv '(sara;rltaI4l) 'It-6ZtçI 'ros 'uulT 'su€r1 $qC np sareldoueurdll [uopuol] selrns sanbrtololq serlrrerlrall '9Z6I 'd 'r{desof 'V'tr4tr'raurpreg 'rtrAtr daluelg'f Jo drqsre -epnBIC Jo suoll€rlsnill etuos lnoqll/v\ ]nq -peel er{} repun 'ç06I ul ueoco uerpul eq} o} 'tg-I:I'ou 'o8e}}ueg qsruedgotrq uorlelsu€ra uorlrpedxalsruJ uep€ls dcra4 eql 'Z16 'eilqC âp ^lun ''1onro1ug ' sorpntsg orluaC LtZ-ttZ:++ lsrEoloruolug'o"rorldoqtuV 'lqnd 'qdasof epnBIC ep ' (soragqal/{) o15IC snuet er{} Jo seâq rr}ersv eruos I 16 ep soraldoueurl{ erqos secrEolorg sauorce8rl '6I?-60t:ç (e) 'lslH 'l€\I 'EeIN 'uuv 'IIIAXX '096I 'e1enzuap1 'V '14 'd.rro^ar{r}g -sa^ul pue 'soeq sprocârpue suorldrrrsoq '0I6 'Bçg- Jo ezoïercT '+tt-tzg:e (e) ']stH 'reN 'EeIN 'uuv 'XX 'sercuer3 lçt:i ep osar8uo3 s"l ap osertor4 'seeq sprorer pue suorldrrrseq '806 'ecr8oloruolue Jo le ered elouedsg uoro€rcosv 'gI -ggizt 'ros '0t6I 'ru 'I 'q 'eralersg I er8olorqap seloN €l ep I 'loruolug'râurv'suer;'eeprror{doqluy dllureg 'dd '906 çr aql Jo seaq uscrrerrrv qrroN ar{J 'urpag'runesntrAtrreurlrefl sap EoleleC-uatralg 'gIn- 'Z7BI 'EntX 'C 'f .14 [0]: ç -noç[ p,tn g 'uosqcrrg (ù 'lslH 'leN 'tnIN 'uuv 'surelunoru f,' lsr8oloruolug eq] ur puu 'ocrxery ,v\eNI'se8e4 wT 'runesntr^tr ZtZ-gZZ:Lç luocefpe qsl4rg eql ur dnort oqouozo,roq(otltuV le saeq uo suorte^resqo '006 '+2,6I 'C 'ranoq Pelrallor eql Jo seeq pepueq-enlq eqJ 'ld 'nZ-çiZ eruerd proN 'uulT 'ros 'utrr?W'onqdotltuv U uerpeues' @toqdoqruv)'"1'?,t lrTigg ;:i;::& erua8 .p anbrqder8ou erauat âqtJo sâoqrv\eNl '968I 'V 'O 'gera1co3 '698I 'V 'tr4tr 'f 'srnoq a -ocl erqdertouotrAl 'J€I ''dd 'rlnlN ru€ '+B-çt:ZI 'f,os 09 çgç unJTuerd uopuoT u€euurT 'eraldouaurdll uelTesul uop uo^ sruelsdg 'rnof 'lolg 'qfruW 'pdsaA 's1sûqp pu€ stdv -rn]sN ueqcsreuulT saptunupro ueuunJ rep 'xaqdS erauo8 âqr ur sneeuurT Lq poqrrrsap sF lrqcep{cse8uasrâurvpun 'uadse14 'uauarg '616I 'C 'W 'kq. eraldouaurdll Jo sercedseq; ruo^ uâ]Tesul Jep rn]slJueruoN pun uorl '1d ''dd 'Eqlreg 'prnT 'runrru I 0? -ergrssely 'alqcrqcsa8rnle51'rcLI 'T 'f 'rrtrq3 -roJrorug 'gI 'looz 'rnof ruruBJr^"wpuecs srurpro uepsnfg L-601:gI uerlerlsnv runre^rsT rsdoudg elcefpy srleuralsdg '(aeurroqdoçuy :eeprody :ereldoueru 'ds ruruorardouarudll $oN sl^elD'çtB -dg11) (opo{onsV) opfawy Jo rnorneqaq tur '1d -lsâu puB slseu uo suorlB^resqo 'p896 ''dd 'turlrag ''roqlog 'uessr6l 'I1.çt: 'cos 'loTrrolug 'rnof I çç rurpuoT u€rlertsnv 'rlerlsn11l '(eaprody L snqruorl ]e l]Btr€r; ecrqdertouol4 :ereldouaurdll) euurroqdoqluv eer^eurpu'rs usrlerlsnv se8els ernl"ruurl '1896 lq."os.ggç,' Jo 'tt-62:L 'ros 'loruot 'rO ?r_|,n,r:Ëi11i"'drT '(eeurroqdoqluv Tlrqurg Jord rIrJ Urrqrslsed upunzaly -ug uerlerlsnv'rnof :ereldou o,toqdotltuvJ'eaurrueqc eun6p plu uos eluoru -aurd11)aserrg ol1pawVJoslseu qtp\ pelerrosse '9t6I 'V 'sor3 -rns Inb eroqdoqluv eun rns sursrue8rorar{}o pus se}rser€d'qgg6 't6z-687,:7,'ros ' 'lotuotug 'raruv 'sueJJ 'setcads '(eeurroqdoqruyL0L-689:gI'IooZ'rnof /v\euJo suor} u€rlertsnV :eeprody :Bre]

NrJs-r-rng scNsrcs svsNvx do Àrrsus^rNn sHJ BZE SysrnuATrcs AND PHyrocENY oF THE ANTHoPHoRINn Bnns s29

grossen Antillen. Zeitschr. Hymen. Dipt. Insectorum Germaniae Initiae . Heft 107, 2:196-201. Nûrnberg. . 1905. Neue Anthophora-Artenaus Afrika. Latreille, P. A. 1802a. Histoire Naturelle, Gén- Zeitschr. Hymen. Dipt. 5:233-242. éraleet Particulière des Crustacéset des Insec- . 1909. Die Bienenfauna von Neu- tes. 3. C. S. Sonnini. Paris, xii+ 467 pp. Guinea. Annales Musei Nationalis Hungarici . 1802b. Histoire Naturelle des Fourmis, 7:179-288. et Recueil de Mémoires et d'Observations sur Gilliam, M., S. L. Buchmann, and B. J . Lorenz. les Abeilles, les Araignées, les Faucheurs, et 1984. Microbial flora of the larval provisions of Autres Insectes.Barrois, Paris, 445 PP., pls. I- the solitary bees, Centrispallida and Anthophora xII. sp. Apidologie 15:1-10. . 1803. Nouveau Dictionnaire d'Histoire Gmelin, J. F. 1790. Ed. 13. Caroli Linnaei . Naturelle, Appliquée aux Arts, a I'Agriculture, SystemaNaturae. . Lipsiae, Band I, Theil à la Médecine, etc. Deterville, Paris, Vol, 18, 4, pp. 1517 -2224. lst Edition. Gurvich, Y. 1931. Materials for the study of bees . 1809. Genera Crustaceorum et Insec- of Northern Caucasus. I. Bees collected in the torum Secundum Ordinem Naturalem in Fa- territory of the Aksaiskdi. Izvestiya of the milias Disposita, Iconibus Exemplisque North-Caucasfan State LIniversity 4:92-187. Plurimis Explicata. Kônig, Parisiis et Argen- (in Russian). torati, Tome 4, 399 pp. including register. Harris, R. A. 1979. A glossary of surface sculp- Lepeletier de S. Fargeau, A. l$.4l. Histoire turing. Occasional Papers in Entomology, Naturelle des Insettes, Hyménoptères. 2. Calif. StateDept. Food Agric., 31 pp. Roret, Paris, 680 pp., 24 pls. Hemmirg, F. l9+4. On the status of the names Lieftinck, M. A. l9+4. Some Malaysian bees of LasiusPanzer [1801-1802], PodaliriusLatreille, the family Anthophoridae (Hy-., Apoidea). 1802 , LasiusFabricius, I I 804-1 805 ] , and Anth- Treubia (Dobutu Gaku-^iho),hors series Uup- ophoraLatreille, 1803 (Class Insecta, Order anesesenes], pp. 57-138. Hymenoptera). Opinion 151. Internat. . 1956. Revision of some Oriental an- Comm. Zool. Nomen. Opinions & Decisions thophorine bees of the genus Amegilla Friese 2:169-177. (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). Zool. Verh. No. Heyden, C. von 1862. Gliederthiere aus der 30:1-+1. Braunkohle des Niederrhein's, der Wetterau . 1958. A preliminary account of the bees und der Rôhn. Palaeontographica 10:62-82, of the Canary Islands (Hy*., Apoidea). Soc. 10 pl. Scient.Fenn. Comm. Biol. 18:1-34,1 pl. Ibrahim, M. 1976. Final Technical Report on . I97 5. Bees of the genus AmegillaFriese Breeding and Propagation of Some Efficient from Korea with a new species(Hymenoptera, Insect Pollinators in Newly Reclaimed Lands Anthophoridae). Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Nat. in Egypt. Ministry of Agriculture Dokki, Giza. Hung. 67:279-292. A. R. E., B0 pp., 61 pls. Linneaus,C .17+6.Fauna Svecica.1st ed., Stock- Illiger, J. C. W. 1806. William Kirby's Familien holmiae, 411 pp. der Bienenartigen Insekten mit Zusâtzen, . 1758. Systema Naturae, 10th ed., Nachweisungen und Bemerkungen. Magazin Holmiae, 824 pp. ftir Insektenkunde5:28- 17 5 . . 1761. Fauna Svecica. 2nd ed., Stock- Janvier, H. 1955. Le nid et la nidification chez holmiae, 578 pp. quelques abeilles des Andes tropicales. Ann. Linsley, E. G. 1942. The parasites, predators, Sci.Nat. ZooL (11) l7:311-3+9. and inquiline associates of Anthophoralinsleyi. Jurine, L. [1801-18021. In Panzer, G. W. F. Amer. Mid. Nat. 27:402-+17 . Nachricht von einem entomolischen Werke, Loken, A. 1973. Studies on Skandinavian bum- des Hrn. Prof. Jurine in Geneve (Beschluss). ble bees. Norsk Entomol. Tidsk. 20:l-218. Erlangen Liter atur-Zeitung 1: I 61- 165. Malyshev, S. J. 1925. The nesting habits of Kevan, D. K. McE. 1970. Agassiz's Nomen- Latr. (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). - Anthophora clatoris Zoologici Index Universalis a correc- Trav.-Soc. Nat. Leningrad, Sect. ZooL Phys. tion. Jour. Soc. Bibliog. Nat. Hist. 5:286. 55:139-183 (in Russian). Kirby, W. 1802. Monographia Apum An- . 1928. Lebensgeschichte.der Anthophora gliae; . Vols. 1 and 2, Ipswich [London], aceraorumL. Zeit. Morph. Okol. der Tiere xxii+ 258 pp., 14 pls., 3BBpp., 4 pls. It:763-781. Klug, J. C. F. 1807. Kritische Revision der Bienengattungen im Fabricius neuem Marikovskaya, T. P. 1970. Contribution to the Piezatensystememit Berûksichtigung der Kir- study of the social bees of the Alma-Alta byschen Bienenfarnilien und llliger's Preserve. Trudy Alma-Atinskovo Gosndarst- Bemerkungen zu Kirby's Monographie im veanovo Zapovednika9:211-216 (in Russian). ftinften Bande des Magazins. Magazin fiir . t97 6a. On the systematics of the tribe Insektenkunde 6 :200-228. Anthophorini (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, An- (in Klug, J. C . F. In Panzer, G. W. F. 1809. Faunae thophôridae). Entomol. Obozr. 55:684-690 'ZLLI 'S 'selled 'B0z-107,t0t'ueruoN 'looz 'IIng snqrnS et18o1oo7er8apcrdg A 'per8urueT 'e>1ne1q 'rc1.Z ('S)'N'Z '(eaprody 'eratdoueruÂg) '608I '8n[X 'eraldouarudll 'g 'lo1 'USS6 uortall uead serueucrreua8Jo tsrl Isrcgo egt uo So''pa 'selqo; '1 'çôef -orng erll Jo slresul yo sarcadg sldonoTrtgaceldbl pïà inrcrtqùJ onQ;ii '7'u! 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Nlrsa'rnfl scNsrcs svsN\rx do Àrrsus^rNn sHJ 0tç SvsreuATrcs AND PHvrocENY OF THE ANTHOPHORINN BBNS 531

Novae Imprimis et Obscurae Animalium Sp.- .1947. A critical revision in the zonata cies lconibus, Descriptionibus atque Commen- group of Anthophora by new characters, Part II. tariis lllustrantur. Band l, Fasc. 9, Berolini, Treubia t9:46-73. Reimer. . 1951 . A critical revision of species in the . 1773. Reise durch Verschiedene genus Asaropodaby new characters. Mem. Nat. 10 pls. Provinzen des Russischen Reiches in den Juh- Mrrs. Victoria, No. 17, pp. 65-80, ren 17 68-17 7+. Vol. II. St. Petersburg, 7*3 pp. Richards, O. W. 1935. Notes on the nomen- Panzer, G. W. F. 1798. Faunae Insectorum Ger- clature of the aculeate Hymenoptera, with maniae Initiae Band V Heft 56, Nûrn- special reference to British genera and species. berg (fot comment on date see Sherborn, ftatts. Royal Entomol. Soc. London 1e23). 83:1 +3-17 6. . 1804. Faunae Insectorum Germaniae Ridgway,R. 1912.Color Standardsand Color Initiae Band VII, Heft 86, Nûrnberg. No-enclature. A. Hoen Co., Washington, 44 Patton, W. H . 1879. Generic arrangement of the pp., 53 pls. beesallied to Melissodesand Anthophora.Bull. U. Rob-ertso.t,C. 1905. Synopsisof Euceridae, Em- S. Geol. Survey of the Territories 5:47I-+79- phoridae and Anthophoridae. Trans. Amer. Pérez,J. 1895. Espècesnouvelles de mellifèresde Entomol. Soc. 31:365-372. desciptig^" Barbarie. Bordeaux, 64 Pp. Rozen, J. G. 1969. The biology-and Piel, O. P. 1935. Note biologique sur quelques of a i.* species of African Thyreys,with-life Coelioxyschinois. Notes d'Entomol. Chinoise history notes on two speciesof Anthoplora(5f- 2:161-163 . menoptera: Anthophdridae). Jour. New York Popov, V. V. 1950. Concerning the genusAmegilla Entomol. Soc. 77:51-60. iîriese (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). Entomol. Ruszkowski,A. 1966. Obserwacjenad porobnica - Obozr. 3t:257 -261 (in Russian). miodunkowa Anthophora acen)orum (L.) . 1951. Geographic distribution and evo- (Hy*., Apidae). Polskiè Pismo Entomol., Se- lution of the bee genus C/esodonPatton(Hyme- ria B, Zeszyt3-4:303-313. A. L9+3. The type speciesof the noptera, Anthophoridae). Zool. Jour., Akad. Sandhouse,G. Nauk SSSR 30:243-252(in Russian). generaand subgeneraof bees.Proc. U. S. Nat' Popova, L. M. 1984. Nesting of th-rgebee species Mus. 92:519-619. of the British ôf the genus Anthophora-Zool.Latr. (HymeloPlerl' Saunders,E. 1891. On the tongues Apoideà). Trudy Inst., Akad. Nauk Hymenoptera Anthophila. Jour. Linn. Soc' SSSR I2B:74-81 (in Russian). (Zool.) 23:410-432. Priesner, H. 1957. A review of the Anthophora Saussure;H. 1890. Histoire Naturelle des Hym His-toire Phy- speciesof Egypt [Hymenoptera: Apidae]. Bull. énoptères, in A. Grandidier, Soc. Entomol. Egypt 4t:l-115. sique, Naturelle et Politiqlle de M-ad1Salca.r. Provancher, L. A. 1895. Les dernières descriP- Vol. XX. xxi * 590 PP., 27 Pls., Paris (otly tions de l'abbé Provancher. Le Naturaliste pages 177 -590 and plates 2l-27 date 1892, Canadien22:t72-I74. èuili.t pages and plâtes appeared in ^1890). Radchenko, V. G. 1984. Nesting of three species Suy,T. 1857.-Oescriptibnsof ney speciesof North of anthophorine bees (Hymenopte-ra, An- American Hymenoptera and observations on thophoridae) in the southeast of Ukraine. some already desciibed. Boston Jour. Nat. Akâd. Nauk SSSR Zool. Inst. TrudY Hist.4:361-+t6. 128:82-86(in Russian) Schmiedeknecht,O. 1930. Die Hymenopteren Radovié, I. and M. D. Krunié. 1977. External Nord- und Mitteleuropas. G. Fischer, Jena, morphology of the larvae Anthophory(Alnegilp) x * 1062pp. 1982. The simultaneoususe of a -phorapariain (F.) .'ar. fulaocinerea(Dogls) and Antho- Schneid.t, S.-S. (Amegilla)crinipes (|ry.) (Htrygnoptera: nesting site by the diggel !ees, Anthophora Àpoidèa). ârchives des'sciencesBiologiques' abrupti Suy and A. occidentalrsCresson (H{Te- Beograd27 :137 -l+4. noptera: Anthophoridae). Southwest. Nat' Rau, P. 1926. The ecology of a sheltered clay 27:467 -468. bank: a study in insect sociology.Trans. Acad. Schrank, F. von P. l7$l. Enumeratio Insectorum Sci. St. Louis 25:159-276. Austriae Indigenorum. August Vindelicor, Rayment, T. 1935. A Cluster of Bees. Sydney, Klett, 548 pp ., 4 Taf . morphologiqu-es 752 pp.-1939. Semichon, L.- 1g00. Recherches J Bees from the high lands of New et biologiques sur quelques :nelliÈres soli- South Wales and Victoria. Australian Zool. taires. r"trèsesPréseniées a la Faculté des sci- 9 :263-294. encesde Paris, SerieA, No. 528., pp - 2Bt-4+2, . 194+ [not l9+2\. A critical revision of 4 pls. in tËe zonata group of by Sherborn, C. D. 1923. On the dates of G. W' F' species lnthophora "Fauna tte* characters (Part I). Treubia (Do-b"Iy Panzer's Insect. German.", 1792' Gaku-lho) Hors Series f[apanese Se1ie.sl,30 tB++. Ann. Mug. Nat. Hist. (9)11:566-568' pp. (For comment on date see Michener, Smirnov, Y. S. IgOg. Tâxonomic Analysis. 1e65). Moscow, 187 pp. .uot1{uxaq Eurrvraroyiuur +'VI çtue1 :alDW epru ln,totldot4tuocn\sf74Jrorl]o ]soru ur s€ pegrpour 'p-ett '_agord sarn8rg ur se lou âreJ ele_ureJ ur ede qtplÀ\ dpo 'BS 'l,S Jo JIeq elnsdecplrua8 pue :G++ .Slg) rleq orlqrnt lueraqntord snaddlc'srotueqC rlBH .stsou7ot6J â[qTc5{} q}l^À }nq err}ue dgeude Jo'aleur8rerue JI€r{Ieseq çS sarcads ,tÀeu dlpeorq gS 'poglporrt eruoselorur{lr/v\ luotloq (ototldoituo*ts,qù uoq{otltuV

.(spoçeyr1 ees)s1a1ce.rq uI Pâl€cIPw ere sarceds^reuJo serrolrsodaped(a 'slunoccz cr.raue3qnJ"ql |tii pârreJer eroJereql 'uorlnqr-r1srp er" pus -ro d8oloqdroru Jo esneceqlserelur prcads;o sercads ere daqa 'erâq 'lsrxe ^{eJe dpo aqrrrsep 1 rurroqdoqtuy 3o serceds^"r ki** qsïoç1y 'I INTOHdOHINV dO SSICSdS /v\SN XICINgddV

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FIG. 43. New speciesof Anthophora(M2stacanthophorQ. A-D, A. (M.) bohanimale; E-H, male, I, female, A. (M.) balumensis.A, B, Genital capsule, side and dorsoventral views. C, D, 57 and S8, ventral views. E, F, Genital capsule, side and dorsoventral views. G, H, 57 and S8, ventral views. I, Head of female (hair omitted). 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Nrrsrrng scNsrDS svsNvx do Àrlsus^INn sHI it9 SvsrpprATrcs AND PHyrocENy oF THE ANrHopHoRrNn BBns 535 times as long as second abscissa of M * Cu; jugal strong median, longitudinal rounded ridge on 56. lobe about one-third length of vannal lobe. Colora' The shape of 57, SB and the genital capsule tion. Brownish black except mouth-parts (includ- distinguish A. bahamensis from other Antillean ing basal two-thirds of mandible), legs, veins, and Anthophora. The species is restricted so far as metasomal sterna reddish brown; clypeus with known to New Providence, Bahama Islands (24. pale integumental mark (FiS. 43i); wings clear. tricolor does not occur there). Pubescence.Ochraceous Buff, except paler on face, a few dark hairs near pleura and thoracic sterna; Anthophora (Anthophoroides) signata or visible posterior ocelli, center of scutum, new sPecles portions of T2-T6, and dense around pygidial plate; pile on head, thorax (except propodeal area Diagnosis. Female with white, integumental, where length is slightly longer), T1 and sterna inverted T-shaped mark on clypeus and tri- angular mark on labrum; male with greatly modi- about equal in length to scape and erect, Posteri- orly inclined; hair on T2-T6 shorter than scape; fied hind l.g, tibia dilated with large anteroapical apical bands of hair on terga absent. Punctation. spine and basitarsus gre atly flattened with large Face dull; clypeal, paraocular and supraclypeal basoapical spine (Fig . 44e). areas lacunose, ground between punctures Description. Male: Length 10 mm; forewing strongly microareolate; labrum rugose, ground length 7 .4 rnrn. Structure. Inner orbits diverging between rugae shiny, smooth; upper face some- above; shortest distance between eyes about equal what shining, punctulate, ground between punc- to length of eye; head wider than long; clypeus tures microareolate; scutum and pleura dull, protuberant, in profile about equal to eye width; finely microareolate; propodeal area weakly shin- flagellomere 1 equal to combined length of next ing, with scattered punctures, ground between 1.6 flagellomeres together, .52 as long as scape punctures microareolate; T1-T4 dull, puncticu- (excluding basal bulb), I .6 times as long as late but apical margin impunctate, width of im- flagellomere 2, and .92 times as long as last punctate margin becoming wider from T1-T4, flagellomere, flagellomeres 2-10 about equal in ground between punctures microareolate, T5-T6 length and about 1.6 times longer than wide; punctate, punctures almost confluent to 1 punc- distance between posterior ocelli equal to 1.5+ ture-width apart, ground between punctures mi- ocellocular distance; distance from median croareolate; 51-56 shiny, with scattered punctures ocellus to posterior ocellus equal to .69 ocellocular becoming more densely spaced from 51-56, distance, labrum with medioapical notch; hind ground between punctures microareolate. l.g modified (FiS. 44e), with femur and tibia Male: Length 10.7 ffiffi, forewing length B mm. dilated, bulbous, apex of tibia with large, anterior Agrees with description of female except for sex- spine with outer tibial spur inserted on its apical limited characters and as follows: Structure and third, hind basitarsus gre atly flattened and with Pubescence. Flagellomere 1 equal to combined large blunt tooth and apicoanterior small acute length of next 1.6 flagellomeres together; hind leg tooth; base of inner hind tibial spur partially simple, basitibial plate absent. Pygidial plate enclosed, enclosure forming a small, sharp tooth absent, apparent medioapical margin with two against spur; second submarginal cell receiving blunt lobes; 56 broadly emarginate apically with first recurrent vein slightly distal to midpoint; a medioapical protuberance and lateral depres- marginal cell length .67 distance from apex of cell sion; 55 apically entire with four patches of black to wing tip; hind wing with cu-v 1.2 times length hair, a smaller submedian pair and a larger patch of second abscissa of M + Cu; vein M 3.0 times as lateral to submedial ones (Fig. +4ù; basal two- long as second abscissa of M * Cu; jugal lobe .+ thirds of disc from gradulus distally with a thick, length of vannal lobe; terminalia as in Figures dense pad of white hair; 54 apicully entire; 57, SB 44a-d. Coloration. Black except apices of tarso- and genital capsule as in Figures 43e-h. Coloration. meres and claws ferruginous; basal half of mandi- Basal third of mandible, labral, clypeal, paraocu- ble, labrum (except translucent basolateral spot), lar and supraclypeal areas and scape anteriorly clypeus (except anterior tentorial pit), paraocular white. Punctation. Labrum shiny, lacunose, with and supraclypeal areas, and scape anteriorly ground between punctures smooth. white; paraocular area extends from malar space TyPe materiaL Holotype female: Bahama Is- to upper margin of antennal socket; wings clear, lands, New Providence, Nassau, 28 June 190+, veins reddish black. Pubescence.Hair white except collected by Allen, Barbour, and Bryant [Cam- a few scattered black hairs on vertex; pronotal bridge]. Allotype male: Bahama Islands, Nassau, lobe, scutum, 52-56, T5-T6 medioapically, T7 all British Museum 1931-343, collected by G. Salt white, and ferruginous hair on inner surfaces of foretibia, [London].- tarsi. Length of hair on face, foretarsus, Etymologlt. This species is named for the hind femur, thorax, metasomal sterna and Tl Bahama Islands. slightly longer than length of scape, hair on Comments. This species is closely related to ,4. midleg about length of scape or shorter, hair on tricolor (Fabricius) from which it is separated in forefemur and scopa long, about equal to length the female by a pale mark on the clypeus and in of hind tibial spur, hair on visible portions of T2' the male by a pale mark on the mandible and the T5 shorter than length of scape and directed 'À\âr^ '99-tr9 'g 'amrl I?rluâ^ prlue^'9S-ZS {'^er^ralno'8.lp.rlH'g'snera[EJlua^'gSp,relS'C'C'sÀrsr^eprspuslerlue^osJop 'alnsdec 'g 'y 'zu.re1s 'nsuruoqpq 'V 'g ptruâC l"ruos"laru orll ot râJâr sreqrunN (ù !1tm1oq 'V'g-V'seyerilr'otot1{ottuv 'tt 'CL{ (otot1{otlluotwstyr,)'y'g lrlruîts (sapotoq(a1wy) lo sarceds,!\eN

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Nrrs-r1nfl scNsrcs svsNvx do Àrrsus^rNn sHI 9t9 SvsrnuATrcs AND PHvrocENY OF THE ANTHOPHORINB BNNS 537 rated by 0.5-1.0 puncture-widths, ground be- femalesand 3 males, 13-14 April 1960 on Salaia tween punctures smooth to weakly areolate; S1-3 (R. Snelling); 5 mi. (B k-) S. Pearblossom, I with scattered punctures, 54-56 with punctures male, 23 April 1956 on Tamarix gallica (8. becoming denser near apical margins, apical Linsley);6 mi. (10 km) SE. Pearblossom,1 male, margins impunctate, ground between punctures 16 March 1972(R. Snelling). RiaersideCo: Blythe, microareolate. 1 male, 2 April I94l (J. MucSwain, E. Linsley); Female:Length 10-11mm; forewing length 7-B Joshua Tree National Monument, Quail Springs, mm. Agrees with male description except for sex- 1 male, 12 April 1950 (P. Hurd) . San Bernadino limited characters and as follows: Strzcture.Inner Co., 10 mi. (16.6 km) S. Adelanto, 1 female, 3 orbits diverging above; shortestdistance between May 1939 (P. Timberlake); Apple Valley, 1 fe- eyes about equal to length of eye; clypeus pro- male, B May 1958 on Gilia latif,oradaayi (P. Hurd), tuberant, in profile .75 eyewidth; flagellomere 1 1 female, 9 Muy 1958 on Phacelia distans (P. equal to combined length of next 2.7 flagello- Timberlake), 1 female, 9 Muy 1955 (W. Rich- meres, .67 as long as scape(excluding basal bulb) ards); Hesperia, 1female,30 April 1939 on and 1.4 times as long as last flagellomere,flagello- Tbtradymiaaxillaras (P. Timberlake); Kramer Hills, meres 2-9 about equal in length and slightly 7 mi. (11.6 km) SE. Boron, 1 female, !!_Ap_ril longer than wide; distance between posterior 1958 (I Powell), 1 female, 10 Muy 1955 (W. ocelli equal to 1.25 ocelloculardistance, distance Richards); Lucerne Valley, 1 female, T May 1938 from median ocellus to posterior ocellus equal to (C. Dammers); Morongo Valley, 1 female, 18 .56 ocellocular distance. Coloration.Black except April 1955 (W. Richardt); San Bernadino Mts., apicesof tarsomeresand claws ferruginous; clyp- 3800 feet (f 158 m), 1 male, 15 Muy 1937 (E, eus and labrum with white integumental marks, Linsley);7.5 -i. (12 km) S. Twentynine Palms, 1 "T," that of clypeus shaped like an inverted of female, 7 Muy 1948 on Salazaria mexicana(P. labrum triangular. Pubescence.T6 surrounded ba- Timberlake); 3 mi. (5 k*) SW. Victorville, 6 sally with black and laterally white. Punctation. females, 6 May 1939 on Daleafremontii saundersii Face shiny; clypeus with large punctures sepa- (P. Timberlake), 2 females, 12 _Vly_1939^.on rated by 0.3-3.0 puncture widths, ground be- Haplopappuscooperi (E Linsley). NEVADA: Clark tween punctures weakly microareolate; clypeus Co: Charleston Mts., Lee Canyon, 2 females, 25 with median portion lacunose, laterully rugulose Muy 1940 (G. Bohart). Ten paratypes deposited to more finely punctate 4t. margin, ground be- at [Berkeley], t7 [Brooks], 1 [Layrence], 5 tween punctures near margin microareolate; rest [Logan], 13 [Los Angeles], ? [Ottawa], _1 of face foveolate, ground between punctures [Puùmân],- 12 [Riverside] and 1 [San Francisc_o]. smooth. Ety*olàgt: This species is named {gnqta be- TyPt materiaLMale holotype: California, Los cause of the white clypeal mark on the female. Angeles Co., 2.5 mi. (4 k*) S. Pearblossom, Comments.Anthophora signata and the subgenus 3500 feet (1067 *), 14 May 1978, collected on Clisodonare the only known speciesof Anthophora Salazariamexicana by R. W. Brooks; female al- to nest in wood. At Pearblossom,California, the lotype with same data [Lawrence]. Paratypes: species nests in old Joshua tree stumps (Yucca CALIFORNIA: Inyo Co; Argus Mts., 1 female, breuiftlia)(R. Snelling, personal comm.) but ap- 31 Muy 1940 (D. Meado*r), 2 females,4 June parently also burrows in the ground (see d-ata 1939 on Penstemon(R. Bohart); San Lucas Can- from 15 mi. SE. Palmdale). This speciestogether yoû, Inyo Mts., 5800 feet (1768m), 2 males,22 with 24.bahamenszs (restricted to New Providence, June l97B (T. Griswold); SurpriseCanyon, Pana- Bahama Islands) are the only known New World mint Mts. , 4 males, 24 April 1957on Peucephyllum Anthophora(except Heliophila) whose females have schottii(J. Powell, P. Hurd), 1 male, 28 April 1953 white integumental facial marks . A. signatacan (G. Marsh), 1 male, 9 Muy 1958 (L. Stange); easily be separatedfrom bahamemassince it does Wild Rose Canyon, Panamint Mts., 1 male, l+ not have apical pale integumental bands on the Muy 1969 (P. Opler). Kern Co: Last Chance metasoma. A. signatais most closely related to Canyon, El Paso Mts., 2 males, 15 April 1964 another undescribed speciesand A. phaceliaelrom (R. Snelling). Los AngelesCo: Desert Springs, 2 which it can be separatedby the unique shapesof females,5 May 1956 (J. Powell); Little Rock, I S4-SB, the genital capsule and hind l.g of the female, 22 April 1950 (C. MacNeil); Mojave male (Figs. 44a-e). Especially notewgrtly is the Desert, Highway 138,3600 feet (1097 rrr),2 combinaiion of characters of the male hind leg females, 28 April 1947 on Salaia dorrit (P. Tim- (FiS. 44e), that is the apical spile on the tibia is berlake); Palmdale, 1 male, 15 April 1956 on. bidèntate, the tibia is strongly dilated, the basitar- Eriogonum(R. Erdmarr); 15 mi. (25 km) south- sus greatly flattened with the long basal tooth east Palmdale, San Gabriel Mts., 2 females, 22 wide, almost bidentate at apex. April 1972 from burrows (D. Bixler); 2 mi. S. (3,2 k*) Pearblossom,3500 feet (1067 *), 1 phaceliae male, 18 April 1977 (R. Snelling), 3 females 1-2 Anthophora (Anthophoroides) , new specles Muy 1977 on Salazariamexicana (R. Snelling); 2 females, 17 Muy 1977 on Salazariamexicana (R. Anthophoraabruptella, Marston, 196+, p. 101 (misi- Snelling); 4 mi. (6.+ ktn) S. Pearblossom, 2 dentification). .s^âr^ eprs 0.',*",,,^o,io'f1{i:T::;1i""L :SïT,:I'#;,:&îi:;,;::;f*,fr)î::;ow*î,?

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Nrrs'r-rng ssNsrcs svsNvx do Àrrsus^rNo. sHI Bgç SvsreNIATIcs AND PuvrocENY OF THE ANTHOPHORINN BNNS 539

caught at 1330- l3+5 hrs. [Lawrence]. Paratypes: :îï#::3:, i T::,ïffi :*:ï,ï;:::'ii#lliï; CALIFORNIA: ContraCosta Co: Mt. Diablo, 1 upper anterior surface concave; terminalia as in female, 2I Muy 1937 (E. Ross). FresnoCo: 6 mi Figures 45a-c, e. Second submarginal cell receiv- (9.6 km) S. Coalinga, I female, 30 March 1970 ing first recurrent vein slightly distal to midpoint; 0. Powell); 5 mi (B km) S. Coalinga, 1 male, I marginal cell length 0.80 distance from apex of female,17 March 1975(J. Powell);4 mi (6.3 k*) cell to wing tip; hind wing with cu-v 0.77 times N. Orange Cove, 2 males, 1 female,6 April 1957, length of second abscissa of M + Cu; vein M 2.72 on Phacelia(R. Snelling, M. Stage). Kern Co: times as long as second abscissa of M * Cu; jugal Woody, 1 female, 29 March 1951, (J. Mac- lobe .4 length of vannal lobe. Coloration. Facial Swain) . Madera Co.'San Joaquin Experiment Sta- markings as in A. signata male. Black except basal tion, 1 female, 20 April 1953 (H. Childs). half of tarsal claws ferruginous; tegula amber; MariposaCo: Exchequer Dam, 1 male, 1 female, 9 wings clear, veins reddish brown; legs, 51, 52 ?nd April 1960, on Phaceliaramosissima (R. Snelling), morè or less 53 dark ferruginous. Pubescence.H.air 4 mi (6.3 k-) W. Echequer Dam, I male, 10 pale except a few scattered dark hairs on supra- April 1960,on Phacelia(R. Snelling); Mariposa, 1 clypeal areabetween antennae and vertex. Scutal female, L+ Muy 1960 (R. Snelling); Miami pubescence dense, pale with a few scattered dark Ranger Station, I male, 2 June 1937 0. hairs; rest of thorax, fore and midtibiae all pale; Kliewer). MontereyCo.' Arroyo Seco Camp, 5 mi pubescence of head and thorax about equa] to (B km) W. Greenfield, Elev. 1000 feet (305 m), 1 length of scape; that of fore and midlegs all black female, 15 Muy 1976, oD Eriodictyoncal'ifornicum except a pale patch on outer apices of tibiae; hind (R. Brooks), I female, 1 Muy 1957(P. Torchio), 2 l"g 6lack except pale hair on outer surface of females, 2 males, 5 M.y 1956 (D. Ribble, P. coxa, a pale patch on outer apices of hind femur Torchio). RiuersideCo: Idyllwild, San Jacinto and tibia; hind basitarsus with a few long pale Mts., 1 male, 18 June 1952(M. Cazier, et al.). hairs on outer surface, outer posterior edge of rest SantaBarbara Co: Gaviota Pass, 1 female, 23 April of tarsomeres with some pale hair. Metasoma 1966, (J. Powell). San Benito Co: San Benito, 1 with sparse erect black hair up to length of male, 24March 1971(E. Cane). SolanoCo: 3.2 mi flagellomere 1; terga with a few pale hairs later- (5 km) W. Mix Canyon, Elev. 1700 feet (518 m), ally, T4 and T5 with a sparse weak row of long 4 females, 17 April 1976, or Phaceliaegena (R. pale hairs ulglg b.as{ edge.of apical impunctate Brooks), 6 fernales, 18 April 1976, 4 females, 1 margin; medioapical margin of T7 with some male, 19 April 1976,6 females,1 male, 21 April pale hair. Punctation. Face as in A. signata, weaHy 1976, 1 female, 30 April 1976, 2 females, 3 May shining. Thorax dull, punctation confluent, pro- 1976; 2 mi (3 km) W. Mix Canyon, Elev. 1000 podeaf area weakly shining. Metasoma as in 24. feet (305 m), 1 female, 16 April 1976, oû Phacelia signata except terga weakly shining. egena(R. Brooks), 3 females, 17 April 1976; 1.5 Female: Agrees with ynale description except for mi (2 km) W. Mix Canyon, Elev. 1000 feet (305 sex-limited characters and as follows: Length *), 2 females, 10 April 1976, 3 males, I female, about 11 mm; forewing length about 8.6 mm. 14 April 1976, 1 female, 16 April 1976, 1 female, Structure. Clypeus protuberant, in profile .67 eye 17 April 1976 (R. Brooks), 1 fem ale, 2 Mty 1976 width; flagellomere 1 equal to slightly more than on Collinsiaheterophylla (5. Armbruster) . Stanislaus combined length of next three flagellomeres' .79 Co: Del Puerto Canyon, 1 female,20 April t949, as long as scape (excluding basal bulb) and 1 :59 (P. Hurd); Knight's Ferry, I male, 10 April 1961, times as long as last flagellomere, second flagello- on Phacelia(R. Snelling), 1 male, 1 female, 15 mere .31 length of flagellomere t , flagellomeres April 1961 (R. Snelling, T. Duncan). TulareCo: 3-9 about equal in length, longer than wide, Lemoncove, 1 female, 14 April 1950, (I. Mac- individual segments .37 length of flagellomere 1; Swain). Yolo Co: Putah Canyon, 2 males, I distance between posterior ocelli l.l4 ocellocular female, 1 May 1940, on Phacelia(G. Bohart). distance, distance of median ocellus to posterior Unknown Co: Midway, 1 female, 24 Muy 1936, ocellus equal to .32 ocellocular distance. Colora' (M. Cazier). One paratype deposited at [Beqke- tion. Black except basal halves of tarsal claws l.yl , 45 [Brooks], 1 [Cambridge], 1 [Davis], 5 ferruginous and tegula amber. Pubescence.Upper [Lawrence],5 [Logut], 12 [Los Angelesl, 2 [San third of pleura and propodeum with dense pale Francis.o], and 3 [Urban?]. hair, rest of thorax with dense black hair; that of Additional specimens:MEXICO: Baja Califor- legs all black except pale patch on outer apices of nia, Sierra San Pedro Martir, Rancho Viejo, tiSiae; appressed scale-like pubescence of basitib- Elev. 7000 feet (2134 m), 1 female, 13June 1953 ial plate golden. T1 with sparse Pale pubescence (P. Arnaud). about length of scape; rest of metasoma with Comments.The female from Baja California sparse erect black hair up to length of flagello- differs from Californian populations in the ad- mere 1. Punctation. Face as in 24. signata female. mixture of several black with pale hairs on TyPt materiaL Male holotype and allotype: Cali- scutum, pde pubescenceon upper two-thirds of fornia, Solano Co. , 3.2 mi (5 k*) W. of Mix pleura, lower third of pleura and sterna with Canyon, (about B km) NW. of Vacaville, 21 April black hair, outer apices of tibiae with a patch of 1976, both collected on Phacelia egena (R. 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ualod 8ur1e1 suors Jeuur uo sepsrJq u/v\oJq-etuero qlyv\ snsJBlllslp -?JJo luâJerUIPorvrl uo peÀIasqo s?/v\eptueJ uJo/v\ -plrrr l1cu1q pue padolenep dplee/v\rlsnrq l"srelrl Âlaurarlxa ue uar{/v\alcdc tur}sau s}l Jo pue eq} -s1pplu lsrreq palerrossudlasool tuol qtlÀ\ urtreur l3 s?/v\JBlJeu JO uefiod ro; oxlaeDîldsoprseq 1ue1d 'Z roualsod puu (osp snsJelrseqJo xede râuul uo s ol turo8 pe^rasqo se/v\aoqacorld erurl Âpo eqJ 'qgy 'o,totldoqtuv rlerl Trelq tt$ rlstl IOelqJo rlsruq Fsrellwq p sarcadscrlcelotrlo u/ûou1 dpo eql sr -pyrr 'srnoq padolanap ilervt qlyv\ snsrellsuqpltu lleq sSlJ 0g9I ot 091,0uro{ sra/ûogaq} tur}rsrn a8uero dpsrrq lroqs qllÀ\ snsrelrseqeroJ;out8renr 'elqeperre ueq/v\ 'relceu pue uelod rog dlanrsnlc JorJelu? Jeuur ieptal pue tunlnf,s uo sauo snoaJ -xe (aeace11(qdorpdg) Dllatuqd sarcads '/vroleq 'ururoJrl€CJo ''oC FIu -Brrlco tuorue perellecs srIetl {rBC[ pe]ou -uarad pezrpln septuad ou€los se ldacxa xeJoqt uo snooJ?JrlJo ]nq uâtuopqe 'uodue3 xltr\l l€ aot1acotld'V Aq uortelrsr^ 'aeuatsaqnd lerog pue stal 'puaq uo arp1/v\'e1ed rlBH eq] perpnls gL6I Eurrdg aql q '(îopyg 'JgV 'ttg 'rleqI Jo ur se sTruru Fluetun8alur orlq/v\ tlllÀ\ epd esredsqllÀ\ d1pre1e1etral Fur aJBJhaque qsru/v\orq(raryBp saJlde) saratuosre] -os?laru pue apd sur8reur JorJâlsodpue JorJelue 'sgedqlnotu '(sdr1 'rpq pue sure^ Euu* reqlo rdacxe) uo srreq pdocs ldecxe Trelq qlyv\ talpurq

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FIG. 46. Anthophora(CaranthophorQ spinacoxa, male holotyPe. A-C, Outer views of fore, mid and hind legs. D, Anteriàr view of hind femur, base of femur at top. E, Hind coxa, side view, base of coxa at toP orirightside. F, Head, frontalview. G, 57, ventralview. H, S8, ventralview I,J, Genitalcapsule, dorsoventral and side views. ,f .sarer^ âprspue re*ue^os'op ,alnsdur ,'rruâc i1t;ïlHilT:îi"Jïi:ï"Hîi:1î"].î:Ët xedy '9 's,rner^ 'a.rre2 ,g ;g . {o Zr Jo 1 aPIs pue Jes.rop uro.r; addlurzd yà la yo'xadÇ J1,, '49 'p 'a,rara .gg ,g .iu,ar,r ,p"âH .V .eddrered ,on 1n"t.i"ijCtg, lzrlue,r leluor; "p* qt(ofqdopùùortîoUri.i+

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'e}lga -rerue lerelel padolaaep ila/û r{ll^À snsrslr}slpplru dpvrorreu dplpaurocrde 9S pue el"ul8r?rue (mep ol snsrelrs"q Jo JIsq pcrde ruor;) snsret dldeap dgerparuocrde gg lareur8renre dppe,vr d11el eceJrns -paurocrde Jo reuq q ldecxa rlerl TcBIq qlp\ Ealprur ?S ialeptue pue padolarrap 1e/r\ LL lrrcq u/vrorq-r{srTrelqqtll\ eJBJrnsrorra}ue }decxa Jo sserord relnpert pue (syuauwo, ees tnq) qlool rlerl ellqd\ qll/v\ talaro; lrreq el5{r\ qtyv\ ra^^ol padolenep e gJ 'qtoo] )Fe/v\ s o]ul 'rlet{ JIBII [e/v\ Jo ]eqr e8uero q}lÀ\ x"roqt pue peer{ raddn padolar'ep ssacord repper8 :(8-pm 's8l.f) 'a?u?zsaqna'u$oJq-r{srppeJ Jo JIsq çI Jo "uJe}s IsruosEleurpu? qlool lecrdeqns Fsrop qll^À /v\ar^ Isrolsl ruorJ '8lg) 'etuurtr€rue 'r{}ool snsrel puF{ Jo ereJrns reuul pu" (nw mo11ed dlpcrde a1e1d1€lpl8dd Jo as€q 'uottD"toloD'l 'q 'q 'qlool sTJ€ru I"IJ"J ldacxa æBIg uo peuesur rnds l€lqll relno a8rel qlrrvr urt 'rL+'sEI.{ '49 -retu ur sBalnsdec plpat pue BS ialeurE rorrelus uo €lqll pu${ yo xade iaqol IBuuB^ NIIsTanfl sDNsrcs svsNvx do Àrrsus^rNfl sHJ ztç SYstnvtATIcs AND PHYTocENY oF THE ANTHOPHORINB BNNS 543 fringe of black hair (FiS. +7j); hind leg with all and without median subapical process; flagello- black except white on inner surface of tarsus mere 1 equal to combined lengths of next 1 .6 (from apex of basitarsus to claw). T1-T3 mostly flagellomeres, 0. 5 1 as long as scape (excluding with black hair but Tl with a few scattered basal bulb) and 1.9 times as long as flagellomere orange hairs and T3 with appressed narrow 2, second flagellomere 0.69 times as long as apical white band; apical half of T4-T6 with flagellomere 3, flagellomeres 3-10 about equal in white, T7 with orange-brown hair; 51 with pale length, each | .22 as long as wide, flagellomere 1 I brownish hair; 52 and 53 with brownish hair, 54 subequal in length to flagellomere l; distance with short brownish hairs apically and laterally between posterior ocelli about 1 . 15 ocellocular but median area (not reaching apical margin) distance; distance from median ocellus to poste- with dense mat of reddish brown hair; 55 with rior ocellus 0.65 ocellocular distance; labrum short brownish hair laterally and a narrow band simple without median apical or median sub- apically but median area (reaching apical margin) apical protuberances; cu-v of hind wing about with densemat of yellow orange hair; 56 laterally equal in length to second abscissa of M * Cu; vein and broadly apically with short brownish hair but M 3.53 times as long as second abscissa of median area (reaching only to apical third) with M + C.t; jugal lobe about one-third as long as densemat of yellow orange hair. Punctation.As in vannal lobe- 54-36 with dense pads of hair; 57, A. micheneri. SB and genital capsule as in Figs . 4Bc, f-h. Tyfe materiaLHolotype male: Angola: 45 mi. Pygidial plate slightly emarginate apically with- 4Bd, e). Coloration. 172.4kml S. Santa Combre Dâo, 3 April 1970, out sublateral tooth (Figs. yellow (FiS. Edward S. Ross [San Francisco]. One paratype Black except facial marks bright half male: Zaire (8. Congo): 18 mi. [29 km] NW. of *Ba). Pubescence.Head and thorax on lower Tshinsenda, B February 1958, 1330 m altitude, white and upper half yellowish-white; posterior E. S. Ross, R. E. Leech collectors [Lawrence]. half of scutum with a few scattered dark hairs. Comments.This distinctive specieslooks super- Foreleg all white on outer surface, but dark on ficially much like Amegilla (Zebramegilla)atribasis inner surface; mid and hind legs with hair all (Cockerell). There is no other speciesthat resem- black except white on coxae and trochanters and bles it in Africa. There are differences between fuscous on posterior surface of midtibia. T1-T6 the Angola specimen (holotype) and the Zaire with appressed orange hair but white to yellow- specimen (paratype). The holotype has a dis- white laterally; metasomal sterna with white hair, tinctive apically emarginate pygidial plate (FiS. becoming fuscous medially from 53-56 . Puncta' and paraocular area +7ù and the gradular process of T6 developed tion. Punctures on clypeus into a tooth whereas the paratype has an almost fine and separated by 0.5-2.0 puncture widths but apically entire pygidial plate (FiS. 47d) and the fine and nearly contiguous on rest of head. gradular processof T6 is rounded and not devel- Thorax and metasomal terga dull, weakly shin- oped into a distinct tooth. The genitalia, how- itg,-Female: punctation contiguous to nearly contiguous_. ever, are identical and although these Length 12 mm, forewing length 8.2 morphological differences are striking, I believe mm. Agrees with description of male except for that jh.y are within the range of variation of this sex-limited characters and as follows: Structure. specres. Shortest distance between eyes 0.91 length of eye; Erymologlt This species is named for Joetta flagellomere 1 equal to combined length of next Weaver in recognition of her 25 yearsof painstak- thrèe flagellomeres and equal to 0.58 length of irg editorial and secretarial contributions for scape (excluding basal bulb); flagellomeres 2-9 Charles D. Michener and his many students and about equal in length and individual segments associates. about as long as wide; last flagellomere 0.77 as long as flagellomere 1; labrum simple without median apical or subapical protuberances. Colora- Anthophora (Heliofuhll") miclwneri tion. Facial marks as in Fig. 4Bb. Pubescence.T5 new sPecles with median patch of dark hair; S1-S3 with sparse Diagnosis.Body almost completely covered apical fringe of white hair; 54 with apical fri1g9 gf with orange hair similar to that of Anthophora long white-hair and sparse subapical band of dark aestitaSmith; mid and hind legs black except haii; 56 with dark hair medially, white hair trochanters and coxae with long white hair (male) laterally. or mid and hind femur with mostly white hair Tlpt materiaL Holotype male and allotype: (female); middistitarsis of male without lateral Kenya: 20 mi. [32.2 km] NE. Magadi, 3500 feet fringe of black hairs; male and female with bright [1066.8 *], 16 June 1967, C. D. Michener yellôw markings on face (Figs. 4Ba, b); 57, SB [Lawrence].- and genital capsule as in Figs. 4Bc, f-h. Commenis. This species looks very similar, Description. Male: Length 13 mm; forewing though smaller in size, to Anthophora aestitaSmith. length 7.6 mm. Structure.Inner orbits diverging The male of uestita has a well developed lateral above; shortestdistance between eyes0.79 frontal fringe of black hair on the middistitarsus and a length of eye; malar spacelinear; head wider than deeply emarginate pygidial plate, whereas michen' long; clypeal protuberance 0.+2 eye width; man- eri [acks the fringe of hair on the middistitarsus diblt with subapical tooth; labrum apically simple and has a shallowly emarginate to almost apically sprspu"*,,,0 ,,r,;îii?Ë':Ëîi.i'Ë:ïj:i;'li1ff,ii'Ëp.,t'"fi,"î:ïJîliï.,3T,9 .il:iî 'g 'y '(addloll? 'tuuatlnw Jo p"arl sl grlq^{ g rdacxa) addroloq alevt (qluùrpù otortdowv 'a+ 'cii

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Nlrs'rTng scNsrcs svsNvx do ^rrsus^rNn sHJ It9 SysrnuATlcs AND PuYrocENY oF THE ANtHoPHoRINn Bnns 5+5 ocellus to posterior ocellus 0.60 ocellocular dis- inner surfaces; midleg with ochraceous hair ex- tance; cu-v of hind wing equal to 0.67 length of cept midbasitarsal brush and hairs on posterior second abscissa of M*Cu; vein M 2.3 times as margin dark-brown and lateral hair fringe on long as second abscissa of M * Cu; j"S4 lolg middistitarsus fuscous, inner surfaceof basitarsus about one-third as long as vannal lobe. 57, SB brown; hind leg with ochraceoushair, but basi- and genital capsule as in Figs. 49c-f. Coloration. tarsus dark brown on inner and outer surfaces Brownish-black except facial marks dark yellow (except apex ochraceous). T1 and T2 covered (yellow markings on holotype and paratype red- with long, shaggy orange hair; T3 and T+ on dened, presumably due to cyanide exposurg) and apical third with light orange-ochraceoushair and tarsi amber-brown. Pubescence.Lower half of head a few scattereddark hairs; basal two-thirds of T4 and thorax ochraceous, upper half red. Foreleg with short brown hair; T5 and T6 with mostly with ochraceous on outer surfaces and brown on long, shaggy, dark hair, laterally with lolg,

FIG. 49. Anthophora(Pyganthophora) adamsorum, male paratype. A, B, outer views of hind tarsus and mid tibia and tarsus. C, 57, ventral view. D, SB, ventral view. 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Nrrs-rrn8 scNsrss svsNvx .{o Àrrsus^INn sHI SvsrnuATlcs AND PHvrocENY OF THE ANTHOPHORINN BBNS 547

ble Burnt Sienna; mouthparts and lateral surface Figure 50f; T1-T5 with apical hair bands pale of flagellum Cinnamon- Rufous. Thorax black, Russian Blue; terminalia as in Figures 50a-d. legs and wing veins Cinnamon-Rufous, wings Description. Male: Length 13 mm; forewing clear. Metasomal terga and sterna with visible length 9.2 mm. Structure. Inner orbits diverging portions of discs black, margins Cinnamon- above; shortest distance between eyes .B length of Rufous . Pubescence.Hair on face pale but mixed eye; malar space linear; head wider than long; with some black on vertex, hair densely spaced clypeus protuberant, in profile .6 width of eye; obscuring paraocular area but rest of facial sur- galea short, reaching slightly posterior to fore- face visible. Scutum with pale and black hair coxa; flagellomere 1 equal to combined length of intermixed; pleura almost all pale with occasion- next 2.7 flagellomeres; .B as long as scape (.*- ally only a few black hairs; thoracic sterna, cluding basal bulb) and 1 .5 times as long as last propodeal area, mid and hind coxae, trochanters flagellomere; flagellomeres 2-10 about equal in and femora pale; forefemur with long Fuscous length and about 0.9 times as long as wide; hair; tibiae and tarsi Mars Yellow. Metasomal distance between posterior ocelli equal to 1 .1 terga Mars Yellow with lighter apical bands of ocellocular distance; distance from median 'I5 Warm Buff except with a dense median patch ocellus to posterior ocellus .+4 ocellocular dis- of Fuscous surrounding base of pygidial plate, tance. Marginal cell length equal to distance from hair on terga appressed with some semi-erect hair apex of marginal cell to wing tip; vein cu-v of inclined at most as a 45o angle; metasomal sterna hind wing .B length of second abscissa of M * Cu; Mars Yellow. Punctation. Face weakly shining; vein M 2.9 times as long as second abscissa of labrum shiny, rugose, rrgae smooth; clypeus M + Crr; j.rgul lobe a little less than half length of coarsely areolate-verrucose, spaces again mi- vannal lobe. 55 broadly and shallowly emargi- nutely microareolate; rest of face somewhat more nate, 56 shallowly emarginate apicomedially shiny than clypeus, less coarsely microareolate, (FiS. 50e) but apical margin only slightly deflexed spaces smooth. Scutum weakly shining, less dull ventrally otherwise disc gently convex; 57 api- in center, densely punctate at margins, punctures cally round, disc with well developed lateral tooth contiguous to .5 puncture-widths apart, but in on basal half (FiS. 50d); SB apically rounded (Fig, middle of scutum punctures separated by 0.5-6.0 50c); T7 apparently bidentate medioapically but puncture-widths, ground between punctures margin between bases of teeth weakly produced finely alveolate; pleura, scutellum and meta- medially appearing weakly tridentate (Fig. 50e), notum weakly shining, densely punctate, punc- without median longitudinal ridge; penis valves tures contiguous to .5 puncture-widths apart, small; gonocoxite with well developed inner lobe; ground between punctures finely microareolate; genital capsule from dorsal view rounded in propodeal area dull, finely alveolate. T1-T4 outline (Figs. 50a, b). Coloration. Black except shiny, punctate except apical margin, separation integumental facial marks Aniline Yellow (FiS. of punctures 0.5-3.0 puncture-widths, ground 50f), mouthparts, tegula and S1-S2 Burnt Si- between punctures minutely microareolate; T5- enna. Pubescence.Face with pale hair except vertex T6 coarsely areolate, ground between punctures Buckthorn Brown. Thorax Buckthorn Brown minutely microareolate; sterna shiny, punctate, with a few black hairs intermixed, sterna pale; separation of punctures I .0-5 .0 puncture-widths, coxa pale; foreleg black except inner surface of apical margins and gradular area impunctate but tarsus Burnt Sienna, outer surface pale; midleg these areas as well as ground between punctures like foreleg except only pale on outer surface of minutely alveolate, alveoli often in rows, appear- tibia and basal half of basitarsus; hind leg like ing striate. foreleg except only pale on outer surface of tibia. UPt materiaL Female holotype: Cape Verde T1- T5 with apical bands pale Russian Blue with Islands, Boa Vista, December 1897 , collected by a few scattered dark hairs; rest black. Punctation, Leonardo Fea [Genoa]. Paratypes: Twelve fe- Clypeus dull, coarsely punctate, punctures sepa- males with same data and eight additional fe- rated by 0.5-1.0 puncture-width, ground between males collected in February 1898. All paratypes punctures coriarious-areolate; labrum shiny, ru- deposited at Genoa except two paratypes at Law- gulose-lacunose, ground between pits alveolate; rence. paraocular areas shiny, rugulose-lacunose, Commenfs.This species is similar in appearance ground between pits weakly microareolate; sup- to A. africana and capensisbut is much smaller in raclype al area to posterior ocelli coarsely, densely a size. Besides being presumably endemic to the punctate, punctures separated by 1 puncture- ^! Cape Verde Islands and being presumably the width to contiguous. Scutum and scutellum only yellow Amegilla there, it is the only yellow weakly shining, coarsely punctate, punctures sep- I

I species of Amegilla with an all black female face. arated by 0.5 puncture-width to contiguous; Etymologlt; This species is named after the Cape pleura shiny, coarsely punctate, punctures sepa- Verde Islands. rated by 1.0 puncture-width to contiguous; meta- notum and propodeum dull, finely punctate, Amegilla (Afrarnegilla) robinae new species punctures contiguous. T1-T5 dull, puncticulate, Diagnosis. Face of male with pale yellow ground between pu-nctures microareolate, fPical (Aniline Yellow) integumental markings as in margin impunctate but microareolate; S1-S2 with 'peeH 'T '^{er^ '(pa11ruo 3X .smâr^ ,ZS ["rlua^ r1e.l) /J pu" 9S;o secrdy lsrtuâ^ 'f '1 'snarrr 'elnsdec 'H 'c 'peaH 'g ',uer,r '(parrruro pu" Bs aprs pu" l"Jlua^osJop l€lruec pJlua^ rreq) pue (f, 's,\ ,/S .61 .C .s^Àar^ ,alnsdec /I ggyo xady ar^ Ierlue^ puu gS âprs pu? Iertuâ^osrop l€fluaC '9.'V 'laqa 'V'1-g 'V,g-y .sapur ,(qyîawo.ttV) .0ç .CIt ('ù lnulqot ('ù r11$etuy5o sarcads,ue1q

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Pubescence.Face, including gena, on lower of T1 -T4; face of female with only small tri- two-thirds covered with white hair such that angular pale mark on apicomedian half of clyp- surface is obscured but surface of labrum visible, eus; Beryl Blue pubescence of male only on apical white hair with some black around vertex of head; margins of T1-T5 and hairs scattered near wing scutum and upper fourth of pleura pale with base and on outer surfaces of hind tibia, T7 of black hair intermixed, rest of pleura and thoracic male with apicomedian trilobed margin (FiS. sterna Fuscous; legs Fuscous except outer sur- 51i), 57 of male with apical half much expanded, faces of tibiae light Orange-Yellow, apices of mid apodemes small (FiS. 51h), SB of male broadly and hind tibiae with white hair; propodeal area and deeply emarginate (FiS. 51g). and T1 covered with long pale hair, rest of Description. Male: Length l+.6 mm; forewing metasoma black. Punctation. Face weakly shiny; length Il.2 mm . Structure. Inner orbits almost clypeus, paraocular and supraclypeal areas mi- parallel (Fig. 5lj); shortest distance between eyes croareolate; labrum areolate-rugose, rugae min- .B length of eye; malar space linear; head wider utely microareolate; vertex punctate, punctures than long; clypeus protuberant, in profile.6 separate by 0. 5- 10.0 puncture-widths; scutum width of eye; galea in repose reaching posterior dull, alveolate and within and between alveoli edge of hind coxa; flagellomere I equal to com- minutely alveolate; pleura and scutellum dull, bined length of next 2.3 fl,agellomeres, 1.5 as long obscurely variolate, ground between indentations as scape (excluding basal bulb) and 1 .4 times as minutely microareolate; propodeum dull, poste- long as last flagellomere, flagellomeres 2-10 about rior two-thirds microareolate, anterior third min- equal in length and 1.3 times as long as wide; utely microareolate; metasoma dull, punctate, distance between posterior ocelli equal to 1 .3 punctures separated by 1 .0-6.0 puncture-widths, ocellocular distance; distance from median ground between punctures weakly imbricate, ocellus to posterior ocellus .2 ocellocular distance. with narrow apical impunctate margins. Marginal cell length 1.1 times distance from apex Female: Length 10.7 -13.2 mm, forewing length of marginal cell to wing tip; cu-v of hind wing 7.8-9.2 mm. Agrees with male description except subequal in length to second abscissa of M + Cu; for sex-limited characters and as follows: Stracture. vein M 3. 1 times as long as second abscissa of Flagellomere 1 equal to combined length of next M + Cu; j,rgul lobe about one-third length of three flagellomeres together, .78 as long as scaPe vannal lobe. T7 with apicomedian margin tri- (excluding basal bulb), and 1.6 times as long as lobed (FiS. 51i); 56 with weak apicomedian emar- last flagellomere. Pubescence. Legs black to gination (FiS. 51i); 57 with apical half much Fuscous, with pale hair on outer basal surface of expanded (FiS.51h); SB broadly and deeply midtibia, and posterior to pencillus on hind tibia; emarginate, disc constricted in basal two-fifths scopal hair Fuscous to Cinnamon-Rufous; T1, in (FiS. 51g); gonocoxite apically simple from dorsal addition to covering of long pale hair, with or ventral view (FiS.51e), it profile basally narrow band of appressed pale hair on apical constricted (Fig. 51f); bridge of penis valve long margin, sometimes T2 and T3 with similar ap- and wide (FiS. 5le). Coloration. Black except pale pressed bands of hair but interrupted medially. integumental facial marks (Fig. 51j), coxae, tro- Typt materiaL Male holotype: Cape Verde Is- chanters, femora, and metasomal sterna Burnt lands, Sâo Tiago, Orgâos Grandes, Muy 1898, Sienna; wing infuscated. Pubescence.Face with collected by Leonardo Fea; female allotype with mixture of black and white hair; gena with white same data [Genoa]. Paratypes: With same data hair; hair on scutum black with a little white hair except 2 females collected in March, 18 females intermixed, ratio of white to black hair gradually and 1 male collected in April, 19 females and 3 increasing ventrally on pleura to thoracic sterna males collected in Muy. All paratypes deposited at which is nearly all white, propodeum laterally Genoa except two males and two females at with long white hair; foreleg with white hair on Lawrence. coxa, with black and white hair on outer surface Commenls.This species is similar in apPearance of tibia and tarsus, femur and inner surfaces of to A. godofredi but is smaller in size and the scopa tibia with dark hair, inner surface of tarsus Burnt is pale, not orange. Besides being presumably Sienna; midleg with white hair on coxa, outer endemic to the Cape Verde Islands, it is the only surface of tibia and apex of femur with black and Amegilla which has a black face in both sexes and a white hair, rest of midleg with dark hair; coxa and black body with pale hair on the head, thorax and trochanter of hind l.g with white hair; outer T1. surface of tibia with white, black and Beryl Blue Etymologlt:This speciesis named after a similar hair intermixed, its length about equal to length looking species, Amegilla modesta(Smith) (: A. of scape but long at apex where it is about equal godofrediDours), which is also endemic to the to length of mandible, rest of hind leg with black Cape Verde Islands. hair; visible portions of T2-T5 with black hair on basal two-thirds, apical margin with transverse Amegilla (Glossamegilla) lieftincki band of pale and Beryl Blue hair intermixed; S1- new sPecles 54 with pale hair, 55-56 with dark hair. Puncta- Diagnosis.Female with Beryl Blue mixed with tion. Clypeus dull, coarsely punctate, punctures .Euepe4 ,spuelq8rg ^\âJ" rltr^ÀrnrueJ, plur Jo es"q pue dl.rorralue srrcq ol et"lf qeuea 00çt-00Sg ,8ueqe6 ,raa; Tr€P ^ÀoJe ro; ldecxa erlq,'t^lle rnrueS a.ro; lelrq,ra. uôraruep (.p- t) !1g61 eunf 1 ,8uepe4 ,spue1q8r11 pu€ Tl"lq qlu "rqp âroJ Jo erepns relno ldetxe g6gtr ol "l?ll qeuea uore 'xepa,r ,Erregeà ,(* {ælq II€ s8al uo Tf,elq qlr^À pâxrru pue -ureC ("p* t) 17961 d:en:qeg OZ ,slIH '1era4 erlrlr\ 11erleq l"rf,"J ldatxe oxopo.rodopfawy a4r1 I/6I) laay00çf lnrel (apur 1) :9661 'atu?tsrqnd'u/vrorq ,(- ."]"lJ qsrpper errrâls leruose]eu ldec d1nf gt t1çl-Cg4 reel 66gt-008t 'uortotolo7 'âqol ,spuqq81g ) ,8ueqe4 -xâ Tr"Ifi, Fuu€^ go q8u9t ti'g q"æJ uoreru"C (epur ,11r-r1,rasl.rg aqol p8nf :nC + W Jo "ssrrsq" puores se Euol se i) :St6f ti"|àà,(- OgZl) lr.l OOZ1 ,Euer{ed seurlr €t'g I^l urâ^ :nC+I IJo €ssrf,sq?puoc3sJo (rp- t) :ersdzp141uro{ IIV :sadÂ1ae4 q15ue1or pnba lnoqe turr* purq;o,r,-nc me,r ldrl .[uapral] &nqe1pue4 'I^I 'H ,(q ere,r,radrbolp .çg6I ,(ur Eurm ot 1ec;o xode uro{ af,u"lsrp gg'g or pnbe pue addloloq sunf leeg '(pZç 'tlg) Wogispue1q5r11 ç7 9191) qfuel gac pur8re141 s1u1duerperu ôOCç.'lnf :àsàf uo.raurzp,.Suzqej e Sururoy se8pr.rEurt.ra,ruoc (geerde qlr^À urruq ,egs,(epry :apure; addloly .Z€6I d.ren:qeg '8rg) ,(* ,s1p11 -rt :(pZç sneddloJo lser uzqr ,(urqs erour gt gZl-tlO) lâeJ 0026-000g rruel 'ee.re '>p.ra4 'ersÂzptr '1ou4rw .repEuel.rt pesse.rdap uerparuocrde qtrm I :e1euraddroloH a{ta .Sururgs sneddlc lecuelsrp relnrollâf,o Zt'g snllâro rorr ,(11ee,r,r.91-91 -elsod ol snfleco uelPelu ruo.ll ef,uelslP :âJu?lslP juorleredas rpprrr^-ârnpund ç' ot luanguor dFzeu 'esr?oc 'Sururqs ælnJollâJo 9Z'I ol pnba r11acoroualsod uea,tl sernlcund lerJnâruos x"ror{I -eq 'uotlopund'rreq arrrclsrp lepral se 3uo1 se lnoqz pue qr8ue1 Tr€lq qtr^ "rrrâls pue gJ-çI :çI ur pnba rnoqp 6-Z saraurolla8eg larauo11a8eglsel -ZJ a1eurJo reqr âTI 1I-II i1ae1q s8e1uo rr"q se Euol s? sârurl I'Z pu" (q1nq pseq turpnpxa) lser lrreg enlg pue qll^À e€rqnprru 'sarauogaEzg ;o 1d.reg Tr"lq adecs se 8uo1 se y6'g ç'g lxau pue a.ro; lrreq elrq,r,rqtp{ exor purq treq 1ce1q Jo rÉual peurquoc ot pnbe 1 areurollaSeg iprrç pu? etrq^{ qtlm â€xocprur pu? âroJ lrreq 1ce1q Ps"q uo qlool rorrâlu" lnoqlrr\4,urnluau lglool pu€ ettllrÀ qll/\À 3âr€ papodord lrruq anlg 1rfuag pcrdeqns qtr^Àalqrpu?u ia,(a;o qtprm g7'g agord pue 'atrqa,r.'1ce1q ârnlxrru erneld pue 'teg 3o çr,rn rn ecu?reqnlord peddlc ece; ituol ueqr runtnrs lrreq alrqan qll,r'l,JIBII ra,no1 lpg "reddn raprn p?aq lreeurlaeedsrepru ledego{fua1 19'6 uo rr"q anlg 1rfueg pu" etrqi qlrm eue8 lanlg seda uaaalloq âruelslp lsâuoqs la,roqe Su8.rerrrp p* 'elrqal 'rpe1q ârnlnru " rrcrl 'anpruts ldr"g Jo [€rJ"d dpqEgs slrqro reuul 'urur g'11 qfual 'etu?s?qnd'{r€lq lsorup ol suuars lurng s8al 'sna 8ura,r,e.ro;lurru qr8ue1 :tloruat 'uolldyraq -dr(pJoJleq uelpâur uo ptueurn5etur epd ç1 Tr?ru 'uoqDroloC'ævel '(sercads terqt nsouïug aes) 'ds rep8uerrl gerus ldacxe )pel16 'uoxopon{optàtwyoterue.readdeur.rzlurrsd.rerr1o -srp .relnoolleJo€I'snllâf,o.ror.relsod o} snllef,o lprrç pseq uo qlool JorJetue lnoqlr/r urnluaur u"rpelu uro{ oJrr"lsrp :âJu"lsrp nlnJollâJo lada;o qrpral çt'0 eJrr?râqnro.rdpeddlc algord ur 7'1 o1 pnba rllâJo rolrelsod uaa,rnlaq ef,u"lsrp :(pZC'StdelulduerperueSuruuo;seSpuBurSra,r le.reruolpSeg1se1 se tuol s" 6'I Pu? (qpq pseq 's{r€ur 'sa.raruoqet -uoc dgecrde qlr^À urruqe.I ["rr"J l"tuâru Surpnlcxa) adecs se Euol se 9'1 V ïe 'T"rlq 'srsou7mq -n8elur epd lnoqlrrn 11nateg txâu Jo rp5uel peurquroe ol pnbe 1 a.rauro1e8zlg sercads*aw nuto{uocuou optscuy "'#,ffi'f_"'&'S"j"':;1ff"j*iïii.J",j3:Èilili r' €I'F8o'ltTjâil'".îË,lt" .scqeruarsds H#;"ffî"*u, suorlnqrrluoJ dueur srq ,eteloareorcriu aurroqdoqlue ol luâllâf,xa 9g-7g-,rioirâcunà sunicund uàe,r1aq pundr-5 roJ'TlulrJâl.I'VsnEI I Tqpu_al{poo5_ete1 du;o aropils ot âsreof, pâreilers qlr^ .durqs uorlruSocar urnpârueu sr sercedssyqa'iâ0l,9!trCtg _ gg-1g :arftoàr?orrrru ,(lasreoc erou sirnl _ ^âFru aql;o sSurqruu paddp apd -cuirâ u5e^iaq pirno.r$ tâacxi z$ral Surpaecerd pâf,npar fpn.ri pu€ ec"J elpurâJ lsou{e eql e1{ uonepund ,Eururqs d11eem ,erzl 'uuroselâu{celq 4J-gJ dq p,te azrs ra8rel aql dq âql se llâir,r -oàieoprur (1eug sarriljrind ueemraq puno-$ ,e1e1 s? x"_rorll âql uo rrurl enlq rrll€lâru ;o eruesa.rd -n1pu.rà dles.reôt ,111,p(p*q leq-5pd Sur.reeq eç dq,'ra,remoq'r11tîtwouo2;o segcadsduz uror; ur5ieur pci.fe Eurpiilcxe) suôrfod elqrsr,r qrln dueru;o pelzredes Âlrseesrt1lal,{ay'y'qpâawouo2 1a-1a :iegu4s 1nq ruhlnrs u€rll râug uôfenirnd e{lFltrn trcq anlq rlpïawosso\g unoun dporptlr eqr sr rousarcads sunp'sçy't' '\qL '"*K,, t.ttq* nrr,âia iqroo-* sarnlcund uââ^ leq punor5 _n# ":*ilî,il':ï[i ,il:l ffily"ï.l#3il: 'uzdu -^{s-I le gJ"â sel?urâJo ^l Pu" saleru oan1ldecxa sernpund ueâlÀlâq punort sqlpr,u-arnl '&nqe1pua4 'uoltelcund uâprâ.11e palrsodap are seddlered -cund ol tuenguor sa.rnlcund aug' 'l\l 'H 11y 7 dq pelcaqoc ere^{ ge. pefec ol âsrzo3 qlrr* ,r(urqsxeue,r lsarnlcund luenguoc '(uep8e4_suorulJeds 'H) 'durqs -rpur asrmrarllo se ldaexg f tlOt Â1.reauas:éoc daap qlr,l,r, ea:e paddperdns '(ur 'lllH 'Steqed eunfç tgil) real 00gt s.res?rd :ilelosreorcrur ,(1eug sa.rnlcund uaaarlaq puno.rt 'g) 'sa.ràlcund,r,rolpqs 'durqs (apurag pr:r- lo1to1otot7uo (uap8e4 OlOt âsruor searer"lnf,o 1) 'elelf 'spuzlq8rHf çr,u iGenuef Ig qeuza uoJaru"C -ured lalzloe.reororru sârnlJund ueea,rleqpunorS 'Suer1ed '(ur ,i*o1pqs 'durqs (epruag t) :ggOt çZ 91çy) æa3 ,luenguoc dgeau serntcund 1eq,u ''rtr41 'spue1q81114t"f '8*qtd 0l,Iç lzpuâd uoreru?C -eruoJ ruruqe1 ieluloareonrru sarnpund uââ^{}âc. '(u ,rredé (apruag t) :OgOt I'zIN Ll 1161-1991)ree; puno.rE sqrprar-erntund0'Z-ç'0 pue deep Nrrg-r-rng scNslcs svsNVN do Àrrsus^rNn sHJ zçç SvsrnuATlcs AND PnvrocENY oF THE ANTHoPHoRTNB Bees 553 white hairs anteriorly. T1 with white hair on basal Anthophora (Megamegjha) paradoxa two- thirds, T2-T3 all black, S2-S5 with apicome- new sPecles dian band of short orange hair, in addition S3-S5 Diagnosis. Clypeus of female completely flat laterally with white. Punctation. Like Amegilla para- medially, with short dark bristles. Upp.r half of doxa except face dull, although shiny near poste- thorax with red hair, lower half white; T1-T3 rior ocelli and apicomedian triangular area of with all T4 white hair clypeus. black; with on apical half; T5 covered with white except black apicomed- Tlpt materiaL Holotype female: Malawi, ially; legs essentially all black except some white Rumpi, Northern Dist., 12 April 1967, C. D. hair on outer surfaces of tibiae. Michener [Lawrence]. Description. Female: Length 17 .6 mm; forewing Comments. This species is so strange that with- length 13.8 mm. Structure. Inner orbits more or out the male I am uncertain as to what subgenus less parallel; shortest distance between eyes 0.84 it may be in. It possibly is an Aframegilla. It is length of eye; malar space linear; head wider than easily recognized by the strangely punctured face long; clypeal protuberance in profrle 0.6 width of and lack of a tooth on the mentum, which suggest eye; galea in repose reaches anterior margin of Anthophora, yet it lacks arolia and has a single midcoxa; mandible with subapical tooth; flagello- basistipital process, features that place it in Ame- mere I equal to combined length of next 3 .B gilla. The color and pattern of the pubescence flagellomeres, l.l7 as long as scape (excluding make it look very similar to Amegilla (Megamegilla) basal bulb) and 2. 1 times as long as last flagello- albocaudala (Dours) and A. (M ) paradoxa n. sp., mere; flagellomeres 2-9 about equal in length and yet the structure of the labrum and all black face about 0.87 times as long as wide; distance be- easily separate it from those two. tween posterior ocelli equal to I .22 ocellocular Erymologlt This species is so named because it is distance, distance from median ocellus to poste- the only known species of Amegilla without an rior ocellus 0.52 ocellocular distance. Marginal anterior tooth on the basal third of the mentum. cell length equal to 0.78 distance from apex of cell v B? D r-l -/r\\ c/\ z F) ./

FIG. 52. New species of Amzgilla. A-C, A. (Asaropoda)houstoni, female holotype; head, frontal view; apex of 56, side and ventral views. D, A. nonconforma,female holotype, head, frontal view. E-G, A. (Asaropoda)epaphrodita, female holotype; head, frontal view; apex of 56, side and ventral views. H, ,4. (Megamegilk) paradoxa, female holotype, head, frontal view. -eroJ 'esuep lurur Z' gT-+' ç1 qrSual :apaat'uotg(ttcsaq ery1-ladrec pu€ urelred r;3tËrtiil:l '(E 'lZç 'sEt.D qlool pcrdeqns e]€ur8rerue stl asneceq (turrur"qc 'd1ano1''rC 'so4tpottldoda) Jo dpunlq ql1,v\ 9g lrreq Tretq Jo rlrled uerpaurocrde perueu os sr sarcads s5{I '(Eopu(1g qll^Â 9J ldacxa aln{/v\ I[e gI-tJ !(rreq 3o qcled '(erprlsnv urelseM urog) erlga lerelelocrde ll€rrrs qll^À tI ldecxa) Trelq ru|Fnoq 'V l,lasolr Pewlar eqt ruo{ (drolrrral ure IIe SI-II lrreq ("lpq reddn) atuero pue ("lpq -t{rro111eq} ruo4) oTlpoa@eda'V eteredesgrrnt e8rel rarurol) {c€lq q}lû\ xeror{} lrreq (lpq raddn) a8uero Ieruossleur eql uo urelled lueJseqnd aqr s€ IIa/v\ tqEI ol (J1eq rer*o1) âllqÀ\ r{}yv\ peoH 'stsou7otg s€ ("2ç 'Stg) s8urlreur eql 'erlerlsnv ul FIrBJ sarcads rrÀerr Drlporqdoda (opo{o.tosv) ùllfauv rerllo t(ue ruo{ sarcadssIIl ateredes dpsea IIIÀ\ gS uo qtool pcrdeqns aql qlyv\ Euop stsouîptq eql ur uanrt uralled rolor e^rlJurlsp aqJ 'sruauwoC 'eete peddlcerdns pu" peddlc pesrporrr dle8uerls '[ecuerr*e1 eqr roJ perueu sr serceds sHI '(Eopu(19 '[errequeC I ] gaqdrueC'C 'L'7,til drenrqe.{ '?JI{JV rtr Dtotnl of pe}€ler rurreJ 'Zgilt] ?t (apura; I) drenrqe.{ (saleure; g) >1aar3 -ng snue8 peqrJf,sopun TJe ur osle ueas uaeq 'aprsurng çI Jo s(Tcorfl 'drolrrraa urerluoN ruor; s?r{ uor}scgrporu e qrns 'plro^A plo eq} uI seeq '[erraqueC] sepureJ rnod :saddtercd uoldn .S eurroqdoqlue Euoure punoJ uor]erglpour qcns 'Il{ 'r 'N 'BL6I '9,0çoZtI 'S,ZçoZI rlrr?trAtr6-9 lsrg eql sr pue ( t rlqnl ul g elq€rre^ aas) sarcads 'lllr{eC'}W'g (74J) urT çI'drolrrra; urerluoN (otoq d ot1\uoco4 s o"tot1 d oqtuv avros Jo tuec srur ruer 'erprlsny 'îotrar)w 'sapsrrq :add1o1oq eleruad ,d.*n*n sr uorlergrporu lepr.g yo adft slql 'uoqs Trsp lnots qll^À pexrtu srreq pa{ooq dllecrde sqlpr/v\-eJnlJundg ot snontrluos dlreau sarnlcund 'allr{a 'rr5 e^€q 'uorlrppe ur 'qclq^ ssa*re 'durqs 1ee etre] sarnlcund -ddlcerdns pue peddlo peuoueg dlaEuerls aql l'q 'ilnp Ieruosererq'snon8rluoJ'sqlpr/v\-ernlcund xeror{I 0'g-ç'0 Âq prrnt sarcads oppauy rerllo ,lue pue lr ruor; paleredas -edas seJnlcund isnaddlc m.ogadusrperu aq dpsee usc (srnoq) oppnntoq1o (q1tîauofla747) 'durqs Jo'uour4eun1 {reur '?S 1nq uo dlprcadsa ered pue gS oppawy solquesar sercads slrlJ 'sruarazul7 '[acuarurel] uo rreq elFl/r\ Jo segcled prawl v ro3 ldacxe Trelq rauaqclry eurels lrreq qclsd esuap 'Cg 'C 'Lg6I ''lslc[ ureguoN 'rdun11 II"'uerpeurocrde l"ruosslerrr '(Tc€lq Jo IIrdV U qll^Àosle çI [rpl^ ruru tz'g] eæq '1rvrep141 :eprrral add1o1o11 'lnuapw ad[J 'snoJqu18 'Sururqs ?J Jo urtreur usrpeuocrde) srrerl Tr"p parelt"rs arour eurels ]nq dllearnr etra] 'rlur{ pue rleq ellq,v\ pessardde qlp\ gI-?I l(Â11era I"uroseretr\l dq pernrsqo dlalalduror }sorulg 'secedsrelq -1e1ocrdeqcled elFlr\ passarddeqtrrnr tI) Tcelq tJ ereJrns lnq Eururqs xeroql ur 8rl 'rl3rl 'uolt -II TrBp rlllÀ\ slqll Jo assJrnsrorrelu€ pu? -uF{s dpleervr lnq asBJ uo snon8r}uoc tsoullv -qeund 'elHS 'çS Jeuur pue JnrueJJo eJeJJnsJeuw lnq dporrelue uo dlpralel srr€q /v\oJs pue tS 'ralueqcort 'ZS rlsr{ tuol tur,req elql} pue rnueJ -gS uo qcled 1erâtel âsuep e uo dllerelelocrde 'Bxor '(paxrru ' rll1,v\Ealaro; ia8uero JIEr{ reddn pue dgerparuocrde srr€rl ù\eJ e I S uo a8urr; 'rrg -relur srrsrl er1lr'r ^ÀeJe rlll^À) x€rorll pcrdu uorls e ]dacxe rrer{ r{}l^À Bura}s 'a8uero TcBIq 'o}lq/v\Jo TrBp re/v\oT prrtn-auo ot raddn ldlerpaurocrde u/v\oJq par tdeJxa JI"q JI"t{ 'xBror{} Ietuosslaru Trep r{}l^ÀPser{ Jo sPrFl}-o/vuo} JIsr{ râ/v\oT Pu? 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Nrrg-r-rnfl scNgrcs svsNvx .{o Àrrsus^rNf} sHJ ,çç SvstB*rATIcs AND PuvrocENY oF THE ANTHOPHORINN BNBS 555

Arnegilla (Asaropoda) houstona'new species lobe. 56 with distinct acute, posteriorly project- tooth (Figs. 52b, c). Coloration. Diagnosis: Similar to A. epaphroditabut facial irg, subapical Blâck except facial marks yellow (FiS. 52a); malar marks differ (FiS. 52a) and T2 and T3 with well space, narrow apical margin of clypeus and me- developed apical bands of appressedwhite hair; dian area of mandible reddish brown. Pubescence. vein M 4.67 times as long as second abscissaof Like ,4. epaphrodita except T1 with narrow apical M + Cu; 56 with acute subapical tooth (Figs. 52b, band of appressed white hair; T2 with distinct c). apical white band about twice as wide as that of Description. Female: Length 15 mm; forewing T1; T3 with distinct apical white band about length 12 mm. Inner orbits diverging above; twice as wide as that of T2; white, appressed, shortest distance between eyes 0.9 1 frontal length band of hair on T4 departing from margin medi- of eye; head wider than long; clypeal pro- ally. Punctation. Like /. epaphrodita but apicome- tuberance in profile 0.63 eye width; mandible dian margin of T4 impunctate and about twice as with subapical tooth; flagellomere I equal to wide (0.39 mm). combined length of next three flagellomeres and fypt materiaL Holotype female: Australia, 0.BB as long as scape (excluding basal bulb); Western Australia, top of Napier Range, Wind- second flagellomere equal to 0.84 length of flagel- jana Gorge, Kimberley Div., 10 April 1980, G: lomere 3; flagellomeres 4-9 about equal in length Anderson, D. Symor/on Trichodzsma sp./WAM and each segment slightly longer than wide last ; 87 -1303/#350 Amegilla (Amegilla?) sP. det l9B7 , flagellomere equal to 0 .72 length of flagellomere female, by T. F. Houston 1 distance between posterior ocelli 1 . 1B ocellocu- [Perth]. ; Comments. This species is most closely related lar distance; distance from median ocellus to and similar to A. epaphrodita from which it differs posterior ocellus equal to 0. 52 ocellocular dis- by the characters given in the Diagnosis. tance. Marginal cell length equal to 0.85 distance Etymologlt This species is dedicated to Terry F. from apex of cell to wingtip; cu-v of hind wing Houston for his meticulously illustrated and fine slightly longer than second abscissa of M * Cu; work on Australian bees. vein M 4.67 times as long as second abscissa of M + Cu; jugal lobe about half as long as vannal

APPENDIX 2. LECTOTYPIC AND NEOTYPIC DESIGNATIONS Each section (Lectotypes and Neotypes) of this Appendix is arranged alphabetically by author. Each type designation is amanged in the following sequence:original combination, type locality (TL), sex, label data (L) with each label separatedby a slash, type depository in brackets according to the list given in Methods, and notes (if any). Each specimen bears a red lectotype or neotype label.

LECTOTYPES Podalirius aallorum (TL: New Mexico, Dona Ana Las Female. L: Ckll +795, or Lectotypes are designated for various an- Co., Cruces. Ipomoea/LasCruces NM/P. vallorum COTYPE) and habropodine species when syn- thophorine D.C.l. typic series exist without published designations [Washington, of holotypes. Even authors who labelled a type, as Dours distinguished from paratypes or cotypes, often J. failed to indicate which specimen was the type Anthophorabadia (TL: México. Male. L: Mex (: holotype) in their publications. Because of 5B/+ males, 2 females/Anthophora badia n. sp./ Museum Paris, Coll. O. Sichel 1867) 19 superficial similarity of speciesin different sub- [Paris]."Museum male paralectotypesall with the label are sometimes composite. genera, type series Paris,Coll. O. Sichel1867". In addition t had no "Mex "Oax- Designation of lectotypes is the simplest way to other label, 2 with 58" 12 with , "Orizaba clarify such problems. The genus and subgenus aca'', 2 with "Oax. Salle" and 2 with to which each name belongs can be determined 66" [15 Paris, 4 Lawrence]. through the index function of Appendix 3. Anthophorabelieri (TL: Sicily. Female. L: Si- cile/l53) [Paris]. Anthophoralaticincta (TL: France, Corsica. Fe- T. D. A. Cockerell male. L: Cors/Anthoph laticincta Sich n. s. 3 Podaliriuscleomtr (TL: New Mexico, Sante Fe females/- nigro-cincta Lp. ,r. female aJurin ghli/ Fe, Co., Santa Fe. Male. L: Ckll. +452., Sta. Drews,J.) [P"ris]. NM., Veri Boyle/Co-TypeNo. 3+04U.S.N.M./ P. cleomisCkll. COTYPE) D.C.]. [Washington, H. Friese Cockerell's "cotypes" are normally paratypes, but no "tyP." (: holotype) can be found for this Anthop hora fulu itars i s murutica (TL : Afghan i stan, and the next species. Qpndahâr, Ma'rùt. Male. L: Caucasus,Murut) ueeq seq puofi(xo 'V eureu ar{J '[srre4] ('drg 'uortdrrJsap pur8rro aqt euotdxo '^/6tl1 :T 'aptr\tr 'eru€rrepenC qly!\ saar8e pue sr addtoau aql 'rlel{ /'srg 'uredg Iecrddlodot ep €rrers :TJ) puofi(xo o^tot1{otltuV ellqn\ ol snoeoerrlro spueq ]rurlsp lnq 'uorldrrf,sep Jo l€cTde pur8rro aq] asreds a^Br{ etret eq} puu snoeJeJrloo 'rl€t{ leurose}eru r{}lÀ\ saarSe eddloeu eql par t{}!/v\ Pore^oc sr xerorll eql lneq a8uero qll^À pare^or dllsour 'r*ogad dpsour stel eqt Jo IIe pue II uo rleq elFl/v\ ere stal aqJ dpsour sr urnrqel eq] pue Jo pusq pc1d3 snoncrdsuoc B rllr/v\ tnq >[r?lq II3 snaddlc eqt uo Tretu padeqs-; paua^ur mo11ad lsorule sr 'spue1s1âpre1 ade3 âql ur pazrutocar e seq epural ar{I '[srre4] (?n.tg slsreu^lnJ 'V dpsee 'sercadssHI '[ocsrcuerd ues] (pttU xg :T 'elerrrad 'erra8ly :TJ) slsrqlaln{ otoqdoqtuv 'uorlcelloC 'd/eeg,'T 'B6BI-IIX 'ur lsgreH 009-0 t:îli;,TH 'nelocr1q 'S 'apren ode3 'sI :T 'elurrrad '(a1uec searEeaddroeu *,,;îï'iii':iË.'ïf -t^ d1r1eco1 nelocr51 'qsnrq ogs se/v\ ed& pur8rro) ogs dlpcrdu uB su IIe/r\ sB l€sr€]r]s1pplur e 'spue1s1epre ede3 :TI) o,roqdotltuV ryu{opoî Jo acuâsard eql pu€ sâqsTrrq lesr€}Is€qplur pu€ I€s -Jslprtu Jo ef,uasqe oql Lq sereads reqlo tuo{ pelsr olIseu se d1rp,,lio.lff"Lx -edas âq uer eletu âqI '[srre4] (sruge 'V/6IOI il*tuifl3#'uosrred pur8rro âql qll/u\ saer8e addloau eql allneg ep 'f '11oC 'srre4 tunasntr^Ilç-11 'suo4 'V -rrror roJ ouo{uozuou pue oxopon( opfawy 'I :T 'eletr 'erratly :TI) sluffi ntoqdotltuy 'rlzl{ tr aes at5l,v\ dpsour q}l/nl pue pue 'punoJ ueeq seq 'ecuersaqnd çJ +L SI-IJ a8uero q}lû\ xeroq} sarceds EurrvrolloJ arll adft otr1 {oBIq IIB 'slreur ?ilrug Jo Isueletu raddn e]Ir{^/v\-r{sr 'V JoJIstI '(urur VpeJ [s]ueurn8a]ur -mo11eds1r 6t rnoqe) azrs a8rel s1rdq pezru ?IINJfl -8ocar aq dpseeuer r4npnnzoqp'V '[srre4] (srnoq 'saddlolrel er"pnef,oq1eeroqdoqtuy' uorlsur*Irr roJ se peluaserd ere Bl€Cl 2,06I'f_haWI 'oEo1,N 'saddloeu -ap s,legceAlllOOl uossdnofl enpoSo Eurrnogo; eqt paleutrsep â^eq I (xel ''cuurg o8uo3 :T 'elstrred '(eaurng se/v\l,1r1eco1 e^oq" aqr aas) serrotal?c rrroua8qns w rueql aculd 'N,lzog 'anpo8g 'ranr11 addr purtrro) U,ç2,o6 pue serueu EurrrrogoJ orlt ezrlrqs]s o] râpro uI o8o4,qq'uoqe11 :-II) oîopnugoqlvo,tot1(otltuV sgdÀrogN od& ,tue dn urnl Ji'iJ1n1i .srnoc leuolllpp" 'tB6I ur '1aseg pue 'eneueg 'uol,1 le srunesnur agl lu, ul ldrrcsnueru eddlot -re[ s3 se 'urnesntr\trsrrsd erll le qcJsese^Ilsn€r{xe sB pateu8rsapraTeg'g'61 ]Br{} uaunceds IIa/v\'I 'suarruy erues aqt sr s${I '[uopuol] (gOg-OO'ou uol]cel uV MM ur acuurd te quoq v dq -lor 'arlq6 uarred 'srtr\tr'uorlcalloC qlrus/re^l1 padoæsâpsem (aroqe pelsï leuelsur eddlolcel eql 'erlerlsny 'oleured 'g puourrlclg : ç g t ç I ro; ldacxa) prreleru ed& (srnoq Jo IIe lsorulv 'S, 're,u11 T 'se1e11, " 'f tE oBZ puotrtqrlll qrnos srnoq /r\eN 'erprlsny :TI) sya"tofiqwoqopo(o^tog ' 6Z6I'âTrlpap opclsopnas{ 'tuo1 ruru gl-U sr pu" ecuoJseqnd 'v se poIueuar s?/v\D\nels 'v eletu s(tltrus '[,rop 'urdH Jo 'ry 'g/t{}1urs Lart seq aDllannbsal'FZ 'alqlpueru eq] lurodprur -uoTl (qçOçgZf edda €lnrls Jo 'V 'el"tuod oql 01 lelslp dpqtrls sI qloo] lecrdeqns oql pue :T l'lTtls :TJ) D1ntlso"rotldotltuV rrrruqel er{} uo (rrtoged q }f) nrrr >lrelq I1e'V 'alqrpusrrrlecrdu qIFIS U ou sBtI alsur o.tafituupo âI{} Jo tIUg pcrde eql uo sr qlool pcrdeqns eql pue urruqsl 'V' '[srre4] (apur rrpueruo1 :.I eqt uo urlr pcrde 1celq B set{ e1etuaoya.ranbsa1 'eletr\l 'uBrO 'erra8ly 'e>l"lrâquurll o.ra7ruupa'pz q aopatanbsaloroyfuqruy :TI) tîpumalr ntoqdoqruV '[srre4] ('Ereg 'lS 'erpaurre]q 'V :T 'eletu qtp1r'\pesnJuoc eq plnor lBI{r (o^rot1dor17uoîQ)otoqd 'surred 'acuerg -oqruv 'uol]sallor -ed Dzpawnruro^tot1(otltuV PIroM /u\eNJo sarradsÂpo eql ;TJ) 'V 'eletu uef,rreurV dra,ra ]sorule ur ruar{} roJ paTool [srre4] (apure; Et"rlrrlg :T çro51 -ad 'uBrO 'erratly :TI) otnlllelq oroqdotltuV e^eq I q8noqtle perâ^orslp ueeq e^eg sarcads '[srre4] 'eleured srrll saddloc oN '['C'A uo]EqqffiMl (ra>1re4 (a1eura;tunroeupfl :T 'qg Jo ' 'oruotuy 'g 'saauard4 'acuerg :TI) wnroaqoq n"totldoqtuy I-AI uBS (*l t'6I) 'lur d ''oCLL-I 'ocrxa141 'e1eIAI'("nl '[srre4] (epnre; eue8rqp 'V :T ZI orrooos /r\oN :T 'aleruod 'uol1 'acuerg -sâtr\tr''oC €uV BuoO ss/v\(1r1eco1 ad& purtrro) :TI) ouafuqloo,toq(otltuV 'g ''oC 'S 'V oruoluv ues (*rt g'6I) rtu Z,I orroc U ep rarlaladal -oS'ocrxa141 /r\eN :TI) aoyatanbsaysntrzîopod '>l-J'p 'q 'egl 'sEI.{ w pe}Br}snp ere sorn}BalEurqsrn8ur}slp otIJ sualnolTfauv sr serresad& âg1 $lii,if;?; 'uossarC Duoluouo"totldotltuv p urduouds rotunf e '[u11rogl 'doo11-']]ng," 'slllH 'uol8url{w6l '1ptC -qrqsaq; (oaowodyuo sr: d l' D'CI (t1e* Inprer 'dltl 'ecce1e141 'eptrAtr 'slllH '1era4 lnprut 'srg 'I :T Eurdrel eroqdoqtvv/Dtvlnu,asawoalJ Io w/('11>1C) I 'ersde1e141 :TI) szsuageolnuD1nslîlla ntoqdoqruV 6'tr^{'51 'seta1 'alBtrAI'se8el wT ''oC dpf seT :T 'adl.tolcel eqt qllÀ\ cgrcadsuoc ues 'ocrxa;41/n\eN :TI) snltllupod Ian8ltr\tr lnprpe lou ere pue slsrnîlaln{o,rotldoqtuv are_'aleureJ 'v 'c ?11rug'sarras '[urlrag] llara{coc I I pue saleru g addr âr{rJo }ser aqJ

NIIsT-Infl sCNsIcS SVSNVX .tIOÀIISus^INn sHJ 9çç Svsrprr,tATlcs AND PrrvrocENY OF THE ANTHOPHORINB BNNS 557 applied to various species of Anthophora. I have are all black, T3 and T4 have medially inter- even seen a determination label of A. orcygonaon rupted apical bands of white hair and T5 has an undescribed species of Pachymelus.From mate- white hair laterally. See Commenls under Dizoname- rial in the Paris Museum and studying the origi- gilla for further discussion. nal.description I am certain that A. ztcygo-na.isa junior synonyin of Anthophora robusta (Khg), a E. Germar well known Mediterranean species. It is easily recognized by its large size (17-20 -*), upper Megilla subterranea (TL: France. Male. L: half of the thorax and T1 and T2 with fulvous II-23-1837) [Paris]. There is almost no recogniz- hair and the middistitarsus without a lateral able remnant of Germar's material in the mu- fringe of black hair. It can be confused with seums at Berlin, Hamburg, Eberswalde, Frankfurt or Munich. In Paris I found material Anthophora fuliginosa Morawitz which has a well developed middistitarsal lateral fringe of black which is topotypical, agrees well with the original hair and is broadly black along all of the lateral description and may even be type material of margin of the clypeus (oxygona has only a small Germar's. This large species is common in the laterobasal spot on its clypeus and is all yellow Mediterranean region. The head has mostly long below the anterior tentorial pir). pale hair, scutum has long black hair, scutellum, metanotum, propodeal area and T1 with long Anthophora rufolanata (TL: South Africa, .Cape Province, Kaffraria. Male. L: Capland, Willow- white hair, T2 and T3 with mostly dark hair, and the rest of the terga has mostly white hair except more, Arg. 25, 1918, Dt. Brauns) [Pretoria]. This species, endemic to the Cape Province of for the median apical patch of dark hair on T5. South Africa, can be recognized and separated from its close relative , Anthophora aestita Smith, by J. Giraud the yellow to red hair (mixed with black) on the Anthophora obesa (TL: Italy, Piemonte, thoracic and metasomal dorsum and the lack of a Fenestrelle. Female. L: 34-72) This middistitarsal lateral fringe of hair. I found 16 [Genoa]. specimen was collected on the 34th expedition on specimens at the British Museum (Natural His- the 26-29 lB72 (according to the field notes tory) determined by Cockerell as Anthophora July, in the Genoa Museum which were brought to my rufolanala. His material agreed well with the origi- attention by R. Poggi). I could not find type or nal description and I have followed his interpreta- topotypical material of Anthophora obesa in the tion of the species. Paris Museum. Subsequent searching in other Anthophora tarsata (TL: México. Male. L: Me- museums uncovered this specimen in Genoa. ,4. jico, Mus: Drews, Tarsata Sichel, 02: sr.) obesa, a junior synonym of Anthophora balneorum . A. tarsata, a junior synonym of [Copenhagen] Lepeletier, is recogni zed by its almost all black Anthophora californica Cresson, is easily recognized head, pale to yellow thorær and almost all black in the western U. S. ând the northern half of metasoma dorsally, except Tl and T5 apicomed- México by the white, apical, integumental bands ially have pale to yellow hair. on the metasomal terga and the red legs. The hind tibia of the male is greatly inflated with a large anterior tooth. The topotypical neotype J. Klug agrees with the original description. Megilla farinosa (TL: Egypt. Male. L: Anthophora zonata analis (TL: Equatorial Aegypten, Schinker/Anthophorafarinosa Klg. Guinea, Rio Benito, 1"36'N, 9"37'8. Male. L: [Alfken's determination label]/Anthophora San Benito, Guiral 1885, 5335-85) This is [Paris]. farinosa Klug [Lieftinck's determination label]) a dark form of and conspecific with Amegilla " [Berlin]. The female that is labeled l+67 lTyp. acraensis (Fabricius). It is almost all black with [orange label]/farinosa Klug* [yellow label]/tab- scattered white hairs on the head, thoracic sachlich nicht farinosa [Lieftinck's handwriting]/ scutum and anterior half of the thorax, and T4 This specimen is not the type, cf. with Priesner and T5 have predominately white hair. This 1957, p. 91 [D. Baker's handwriting]" is not M. topotypical specimen agrees with the original farinosa. From the Klug material in Berlin I have description. selected as neotype the above male which agrees with Priesner's (1957, see pp. 14, 19 and 90 for W. Erichson & J. Kl,tg separation from other species and a description) India, Pondicherry Megilta sesquici,ncta(TL: interpretation of Amegilla farinosa. State, Karikal. Male. L: SOUTH INDIA, Pon- dicherry State, Karikal, April 1964 (P. S. A. Lepeletier de S. F. Nathan) ) [Lawrence]. The supposed type mate- rial of M. sesquicinctain Berlin, consisting of four Anthophora atrociicta (TL: Senegal. Male. L: locality nor of the Althoygh.molt of Lepeletier's specimens, is not from the type 9up.) [Paris]. l-pe- proper sex. There is no doubt of its identity from cies are represented in the Paris Museum collec- Erichson's description and from where it occurs tion, I was unable to find suitable material for in India. The head and thorax are almostly lectotypic designation . A. atrocincta is one of the completely covered with white hair, T1 and T2 most distinctive African species. The upper half 'op1e6-ep"etrAI 'uV: 'ggv-Tgt'Bvr) ['dss oelqnuse] ?16I aopuoln Gr-gtv 6'ur(s 'u 'puertg, 'uV: 'qtlrrrs 'uV:) 'nV 'Aeg !uro; TrEp I 161 oannal (tçAI osuo(s N ISBI o1{n.tqo 'u 'uoratueg '04 - 'uV 'a>lepaqulJ !'ur(s ç061 sncldolltao lOnf @Aù N Lg6l ?orunrqo 'qrlurs 'uV: 'srnoq 'Vfi) 'uV 'oluaqcstPâd puaopD :0g91 ur.unpnu u?uou Gtf d glBI tmouotqo 'laqcls 'uV- "ur(s 'u 'uV '1are1cog DtreDtoqltuaq iu"ro; TJBP ['dss (gOf) O ZZ6I o4cunfqo 'srnoq 'uV: 'u '"re>lceelsreC Dlouozs€l 6981 sqouv !'uds /gBI 698I 'ra>lcaelsreC 'uV: 'u 'qllrus 'gZB1 'retlaladal slpoqao{ !'uds fgBI o1 Eurprorr? sutyuaa{nt,s?pq 'uV-) '(snrcury.{) - 'ratr11 o1tyn(tq g,'GldV) ruv t6l1 stsuaortD -otaîav unpnu uataou(on@rW) g0BI srpurruopqD 'uorarue3 (flgv'Bgt'gtv ç06I 'snaeuulT 'I 'aserrg 'uV 'u 'Ott '6gr) (ttWa) sa(twn1(ees wruoantD tou 16I oc1fu1qno ro; erueu 'gara>1cog 'g ''q*ot 'rr (Ofç 'l1g> uossâr3 stwo{t4uat aes opaT{n'tqo (rV) sryaut(qczdLIGI'(asarrg) snnursslqu srsarceds "u, ,î1ff:liiHÏ#i:ilï:ii:lii.i,",iï:,ii::,ili:Ë,i'lilÏËlx 'uarrt8,.,",*" 'pcrdo.rloa11'1 ât{t uâqt st loqurds uor8er crqder8oo8oozeuo ueql ârolu JI icnc.reap4 '4 ipfuarlg '6 lcrlcreaç '1.1iuerdorqlg 'g luerp.rlsnv 'V :a.re suor8a.rcrqde.rEoeEooz .ro3 s8urueeru rreql pue sloqurdg 'âtu ol u1\{ouTun 'un !my17opo4'o4 lopo(oqog'e11 lotot1(otltuy 'utg loplïawy'ury :ele sâureu crreue8 rog s8urueeurrreql pus sloquldg 'xel âql ur ârueu l"ql 'dorleurquroJ ol srâJer reql (s)raqurnu eSed eql pue ,!râu Jo durduouroq ro durduouds pue salou '(i*o1aq uel-B suo-Far ro3 sloqurds) uor8e.rcrqde.rEoe8ooz 'sesaqlue.red ur auo luârrnt '(r,r,o1aq ruo{ luâJe5rp 3r snueE leurErro ua,t8 seureu .ro3sloqur&) snlels crreua8 luoJJnc 'reed '.roqlne 'eureu ogrcedsqnsJo cgrcads:srÂolloJ se sr drlue r{ceerePun lueure8uerre oqa '(xsaNl cNlonrcNù scll^ln 't -CIT}IOM INIOOdOUflVH CINV INIUOHdOHJNV dO SgICgdS xloNgddv

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Nlrs'Ilng scNsIDS SVSN\rX sO Àrrsus^INn sHJ B9ç SYstnuATIcs AND PuvrocENY OF THE ANTTOPHORINN BEBS 559

n. syn., dark form; :An. nigriuentrasFriese,1922 albifrons Eversmann, see bimaculata(Panzer) :An. las analisssp.l n. syn. i cyanicollisFriese, albifronsWu, seealb'fronella Brooks :An. 1922 las nubicassp.] n. syn., dark form; albigenaLepeletier, 1841 Am (At), P (: Megilla compereiCockerell, 1935 las bipartitassp.] n. syn.l leucomelaenalllige4 1806 n. syn. , noflrennudum; =An. lounidgeiCockerell, 19+6 lasf,aaicol/rsssp.] n. =Megilla moribundallliger, 1806 n. syn. , nomen syn., semi-darkform) (438,505-507r 557) nudum; :Antofhora (sic) binotataLepeletier, 1841 n. acutilabrisMorawitz, lBB0 An, PO (496) syn. ) :An. albidaDours, 1869 [as albigenassp.] n. adamsella(Rayment), l9++ Am (An), A, publication syn.; :An nanaRadoszkowsky, 1869 fas qwd- date, not 19+2 (512) rifasciatassp.l n. syn. i : Po. nigrithoraxDalla Torre, - adnmsorunBrooks n. sp., An, P (438, 462, 544-546) lB77 fas albigenassp.]; Po. pyramidalrsKirby, afulaidae(Cockerell), 1905 Am (At), A (: An. nnesti 1900 n. syn.) :An. afraPriesner, 1957 las albigena Rayment, 79++ las adelaidacssp.] n. syn., publica- r.tp.l n. syn.) (438, 499, 502-504, 556) tion date, not 19+2, seeText Fig. IX, figt. 3b, 4c albigenaRayment, see albigenellaMichener and described as new 1947) (511) albigenellaMichener, 1965 Am, n. name for Asaropoda adaenaSmith, seeacraensr (Fabricius) albigenaRayment, 1931, not Lepeletier, 1841 (515) aduenifurme'sCockerell, see albocaudala(Dours) albipesFriese, seeplumipes (Pallas) adoenula(Cockerell), 1930 Am (An), E (515) albobarbataHedicke, 1936 An, P (462) aegyptiaca(Dalla Torre Friese), 1895 An (Megilla), n. albocaudata(Dours), 1869 Am (An), E (:An. adueniftr' name for An. senilisWalker, l97l, not Eversmann, mis Cockerell, 1946 n. syn.) (506' 553, 5541556) 1846 (460) albocinereaSaunders, see humilis (Spinola) aegltptorunPriesner, see atricilla Eversmann albofurugineus Friese, seefuruginea Lepeletier aeneiuentrasHedicke, 1931 An, P (4841 486) albomaculataRadoszkowsky, see dubia Eversmann aerizusa(Vachal), 1903 Am (An), E (506' 548,558) albomarginataTimberlake, seecaliftrnica Cresson aeruginosa(Smith), 1854 Am (An), A (438, 5ll, 512) albopictaCockerell, l9l7 An, P (491) aestiualisPanzer, seeretusa (Linnaeus) (462) albopictulaCockerell, see oldi Meade-Waldo aethiopica(Friese), seeabessinicus (Friese) albopunctatullliger, see aiolacea(Lepeletier) aethiopicu.çCameron, see acraensis(Fabricius) alboscopacea(Friese), 1922 fas circulatussp.] A- (At)' ajfab;lisCresson, 1B7BAn, N (=An. fulaicollis E (504) Timberlake, 1951 n. syn.) (466) albosignatu(Friese), 1896, An (Po), P (:An. fastuosa :An' ûnit Brullé, 1832 An, P (:An. liturata Lepeletier, Gribodo, 1924, n' syn' ) tenuicilialaAlfken, 1841 n. syn. i :An. asiaticaMorawitz, 1880i :An. 1926) (460, 464) lusitanicaFriese, 1919 las asiaticassP.] n. syn.) alj,nii Alfken, seecaelaDs Gribodo (464-466, 556) alfkenellaPriesner, 1957 An, P (491) aj,mbriata LaBerge & Michener, see badia (Dours) aliceaeCockerell, seepraecox Friese af.abellataGribodo , 1926 An, P (466) allwudi Pérez, 1895 An, P (: Po' canarienslsSaunders, afra Priesner, see albigena(Lepeletier) 1903i :An. fuerteaenturaeLieftinck, 1958 las allwudi africana(Friese), 1905 Am (An), E (:An. pseudococcina ssp.l n. syn.) (460' 462) Meade-Waldo, l9l+, n. syn.) :An. odontura alpatouiKuznetzov-Ugamsky, 1927 Un (An), P (450) Cockerell, 1920, n. syn.) (506' 546, 547) alpha (Cockerell), 1904 Am (Saropoda),A (515) africanaBenoist, seebalneorum Lepeletier altaicaRadoszkowsky, 1BB2An, P (:Megilla tersa aganlaRadoszkowsky, 1869 An, PO (:An. kessleri Erichson, 1849 n. syn.) (460, 462') Fedtschenko,1875, n. syn.) (464-466) altunans(Klrrg), 1845 An (Megillo), P (: Po. wegeneri agamoidesStrand, seedalmatica Pérez Friese, 1899, n. syn.) (474, 476) ogràt Smith, seebadia (Dours) alticolaHedicke, see quadrimaculata(Panzer) alaica Hedicke, see retusa(Linnaeus) ambigw Pérez, seeriuoletti Pérez alamosanalsCockerell, seeurbana Cresson ambitiosaAlfken, 1935 fasfemoralassp.l At, P (474, alashanicaGussakovsky, seepekinensis Cockerell 476) albataCresson , 1876 An, N (494) amolitaCockerell, see subcoerulea(Lepeletier) albellaGussakovsky, 1935 An, P (491) amphigltnopsCockerell, seeniaeala (Friese) albescensDours, seequadrfasciata (de Villers) amplicepsFriese, see aestitaSmith albiceps(Rayment), 1951 Am (Asaropodo),A (515) amseliHedicke, 1936 An, P (464, 466) albicepsFriese, 1916 An, T, not Friese, 1922 (468) amtmone(Bingham), 1896 Am (An), O (513) albicepsFriese, seearequipensis Brèthes analisDours, seeacraensr (Fabricius) (557) albicillaPérez,1895 An, P (464,486) andnlusicaPérez, 1902 An, P (464) albida Dours, seealbigena (Lepeletier) andsrsoniCockerell, see mimadaena(Cockerell) albifasciesAlfken, 1936 An, O (484, 486) andicolaSchrottky, 1911 An, T (468) albifronellaBrooks An, P, n. name for Heliophila andinensisRuiz, 1940 (Po) nomennudum albifronsWu, 1985, List of Insects of Mt. Tumur, andresi(Friese), lgt+ Am (An), P ( :An. glauca Tienshan, in Biology of Tienshan, Beijing, p. Alfken, 1926) (510) 148-149(in Chinese, English summary on P. 150) andrewsi(Cockerell), 1910 fas zonatassp.l A* (An), O not An. albifronsEversmann, 1852 or Smith, 1854 (509,511) (4e 1) angolensis(Dalla Torre), 1896An (Po), E, r. name for albifronsSmith, seearequipensis Brèthes 'rpo{otttdptg 'lcurtger-I 'asar g 996I uorytquaq (t"fX) o$nqo.teas rt Dptu.tto 'Zg, 'OgV) 'a>lclpeH Gçg (sraded luanbosqns (rezue4) oyoun{eas op.ttv 'uV 'uossar3 ur Jo 698I ur e(ueu snl suorluâru Je^eu sJnoCJ (ggf) I çgBI optto 're.rrarvroq 'ârleutr,req3 'laraTroC lsrnoq 3o dreroduratuoc e e1 (ra8r11) oynfo1daas Dlutunaouo ep rerllefl 'g 'fl 'f roJ petueu se/v\sercads eqt stuees (E"fX) oîsnqoraas 'a>lcrpeH orto 'rV 'srnoq 'asorr{ tr â3urssns{o1 alqeqord) d 698I yaltaq (t"fX) Dîsnqoroos Drto '@pfauotltuV) '(nM) 'ual Geù 4 uV /B6t nsuaïutftaq (qlg1trrS)suo{tunc aas IIV ocrtuoîîo 'sn1auû1tzd 'lsrouafl 'geralco1 g 7,961 s?suanrlaq Âqrly saproqao?aas twzrnp '(uV) '(11ara{roC) '0gr) 'uV '21r.ureto,1,111 (fOç) g urv 9g61 swu?urmqeeq @w d B/gI qoïn.r1so 're8rgl 'luaurdeë unpnu uatuou(rnÊrW) 908I DuoztsDq (ruaurr(e6) oT"tasnndaes Dnalwssv 'uV 'qrprs '(uV) '(gara>poC) @tV'llt'çlV) g tçBI sllonq (f lC) V urv 9Z61 owssa 'uV 'o>luaqcstpâ,f @n) d ç1BI sa(tq.roq (1ara>1co3) suoct"tqnrees'1ara>1co g owo\sop{so 'o>1clpâH '(uV) '(lara>1roC) (roEr6111)n7o13o7d aas oeluoîs!îpq (Clç) g tuv tg61 ouûu(st 'ggg 'grv '7rv-zLt 'oLt) 'u 'zlrlrerol4tr Qgg ('uds ['dss ?llnrfl stuffi aes otllo?so 'lsrouag 'uV: 'u 'uV 'd1smo>lzsope1 unroaul??wl 0g6I ouon{o !'ur(s (gOf) d 668I sxsulpaqapsD 'lsrouag 'uV- 'uV 'garalco1 ['dss urunaulogs"] 0g6I opuîroeqns GAù N 906I lnqtn 'srnoq "rrds 'u 'aserrg :Ogg1 ,lqunpnu uruou leqrrs .topt ql5us snnn(suo, âes sa{4rw.to 'u 'srnog 'uV: 'eserrl -!Q: !'ul(s 6ggy o4oqyaot7ru :gggt sJnoe oqnuo1o{n"tees s!.eqofîrnaln 'pnerrg 'u 'lare>1roC 'uV: Dsaqo'uV:) d'rV I?BI'rar1e1adalunneqoq @tù ('ur(s gt61 outosoflaw 'u 'esaug 'esaug 'uV: 'u (ZgV'Ogf) ('ur(s ['dss snttmloqsB] 9681 !['dss DlDrarosel Z,Zil nt7a7 !'uds 'od '(oa) '(asarrg) 'gara>1co3 'uV: 'u 'puerlg nsanîo.roa -) d uV g6gy oclna1oq tz,6l owq{o !'ur(s I [61 'uV: 'u pîozatv d'eH LLBI'd>1sr*o>lzsopellnlfiossopq slpsnqopnas( !'uds ['dss se] ç06t 'aserrg 'uV-) 'uV 'eseug (snaeuuyl) osnTataas 'elclpeH nsuaf)emq onîq1ap1r g ç061 oynaro U,gg-ggg - 'Bg, 'ggt 'BçV) 'uV 'ds 'u J sToorg stsuaumlDq (v Jïi:kfi: "'ïT s'loruolugùJJ"Ï^i 'ros '11ng 'Lç61 '.rausarr6;,":';' (ggg) ('uds 'u g96I aldd8tr 'reueqcrl4l 'uV 'u 'uy T e8ragel oyoltqu{o eltdot7ag: !'ur(s uarulrysap roJ etu?u tr sloorg oprtD 'rr 'qrlurs '61,8[ 'q]lurs 'uV '1ara1co3 [tçgt lou slut"to$qwnqro1 QAù g 8g6I o11{sor(ln erueu 'ul gOgl 'arroa elleçI sltu"rofiwarq'0d - f'uds (egv 'Bgt 'ggv 'gg7 'zçv) 'u 'qqtus 'oH: 'u 'u 'asarrg 'uV: 'u 6l,8I stw"to$qwoq !'uds 6l,8I ('uIs ç261 Dpultltî !'ur(s ['dss 'qrlurs 'oH- 'u 'r{rlurs 'aserrg 'u sl1fo !'uz(s 6l,8I Dlunzat s{anq1ose] çA6I s{anaawuV: !'ur(s 'oH - '(rV) '(srnoq) 'eserrg 'uV -- 'u 'asarrg -uora ) I npfioq1aq6981 otpoq T,Z6l nsuanzlnq !'uds ZZ,6T 'uV: ''ur(s 'u 'saqlarg s(a4q1o lurro; TrBp 026; Gcù oe6r 'uV: 'uueursra^fl 'qrltus 'eraJeurouod Aq unpnu unaou 'uy lodod ount.qeoq tlnaoesa :Zçg1 ]ou tçBI 'uV: 'rV 'saqlarg (lf C) Zt6I tou elep suo.{tq1o ) I 02,6f nsua(mban ,tgq) 'uV 'zlrre.e-totrN uorterrlqnd 'V '(rV) urv '(luaudnU) stlD4snn GgV d SBBI Dtlteto ??61 '(uV) '(11ara>1coC) ('uIs'u'IZI'd'648I'qllurs tou'6I['d'618I (gOC) g urv 9g61 ouotro 'uv 'uV 'rauser.r6 'qrl-S D?Duuanl ro1 erueu 'u '9681 'errol zlIeCI kgù d Lg6I otlqoru 'od 'd '618I 'qtl*S 'uV 'gara>1cog saptopo{o.rqot1 - :Ot I Dtouuarlt (lOf) g gt6l tuoua1fio 'uV:) '(tV) '(srnoq) 'eH '4cut15at1otso1so{o I optdot7a(I6981 npfiotorualunD O tL6l 'uV 'z1rnretotr41 -'['dss kgù d 9BBI sa{uno (rurprrrua3 iaeprroqdoqluv) sluuaC 'laraTJoD 'epnauatrAl-urreng llorâTJoC Dluopott?teas Dqxqolnn roloilsna sel (uy) ç?BI sl1oc7do 'gtg) '(uV) '(aseug.) '>lculryelT (çf ç V urv I161 oqo.rno ureqEurg Duqsytleas oqap{o 'âser 'ureq8urg (E"fX) D$nqorees tg oaco{oesl.tlv Qgù rerlaledo'I Dqloo.ttzoos a{oquo 'srnoq '(uV) '(ernssn"S) (t.1y) r4snqotaas '6991 nauûnt"ra{o4n (fOç) g urv 0681 runaztun '0Ig 'B0g 'Z,Où 'v 'aseug (tgg ('uds ZZ61 (gere>1coC) lûnqqpua( aas'>lcuttgetl sal{aq1uo 'uV= 'u 'gera>1JoC sa(yo1 !'ur(s 8061 optlwop (rar1e1eda1)oaco1ota ees'opoqrrg outrotqlup 'uV: :Z,ttI 's€l["d tou 'IBL1 'snrcrrqeg sa{run1d 698I '(tV) '(rar1a1eda1) 'ra4ceelsJag '6981 'ra>lceelsJeC sldv - ) tr ulv ItBl Dttureorto o1 EurprooJe Dlrol 'ratr11 (rrç) -uataaotDluso - unpnu uazauu("V) g0BI Dtaoqruo '(uV) '(srnoq) '11s.ra>1co3 'li1l 'ratlaladel ruv oqouozsel698I oalnrantoun 606I Âq oputctty O ['dss '(oa) 'dqtly (zgv 'ogv)('u,(s Dluolzl,tryot peJreJsuert 006I sntouuatuo 'u 'asrnlq 'od 'u 'Iu"q '1arâTJoD t06I sryppaa - !'uds 868I pænH oçcutcoon{aas ,taqyutsuo -Erlfl a{oquo'uV:) d'rV I7BI'rarlalede-I Dqportv (1are>1co3) slsuauoprotlaas'pue4g nsuaîut(uo '(ry0{otosv) '(gera>1roC) pre>lced suo{t11dees 'osottg sa{uqo (glg) y ruv 6261 Dloulun '(uV) 'taTle6 (rlç) (Ogf) a un I/BI on{qnuuo '(rV) '(asarrg) 'u 'asarrg ulv o1ouozsef ZZ6I sa(uso (Clç) ('ur(s 2,261 O ['dss 'uV=) '(tV) '(t"qtt uosr{JrJg rolotttpnnàeas 'qrlurs suotrt.tqo o1nr1(acocna1 g *V g0OI ) souuo 'u 'rauserr4 '1roIBTI 'srsn3 @gV-Vg7) ('uds ['dss orut!.ttos€] lçG1 g86I ol EurProf,re BUBI 'uV-) 'uV 'gtB1 'uuenrsre^g - 'lpa1sra1p7 unto4fulao d onpup ou4atn{ oluse ("V) BSBI oyn1snîuo '(tV) 'IBBI '(d>1s,vro>lzsopeg) '(tV) 'a>lcrpag (gtç) a urv s{an.tqo (Ogf) a un 0t6I osoynïun (arrol elpç1) slsuaplw eas 'zata4 s{an.tqo Qgv'ogr) 'T,Og) '(uV) '(garalroC) 'Â>1sr*o>lzsope)I 'çGB1 'zete4 'uy Gfç'tOç g ruv gg61 stsoqruo IBBI tou s(an.tqo

Nlrs'r'rnfl sDNsrcs svsNvx do ÀrrsuflArNn sHJ 099 SvsrBvrATrcs AND PuvrocENy oF THE ANrHopHoRINe Bens s61

beqwerti(Cockerell), 1930 Am (An), E (5O4) borneensis(Cockerell), 1910 fas zonatassp.l A* (4.), berylae(Rayment), 1947 Am (Ar), A (511) o (511) bettoniCockerell, see conspicuusSmith bothai(Friese), 1911 Am (An), E (506) bicalcarataHedicke, see disparilis Friese bouwmani(Lieftinck), l9++ Am (An), O (513) biciliataLepeletier, 1841 An, P (:An. caucasica braunsianaFriese, 1905 An, E (492) Radoszkowsky, lB74; : An. mucidaGribodo, lB73; brmùftrmrs Dalla Torre, seebadia (Dours) : An. rnorawitzrAlfken & Blùthg€n, 1937 I: ,tn- breaiusculaIlliger, 1806 (MegiUQ nomennudum tilabrisof Morawitz, 1895, not Lepeletier, 18411) brookiae(Bingham), 1890 Am (An), O (513) (464-466, 556') bucconis(Friese), 1910 Ha (An), O bicinctaFabricius, see sesquicincta(Erichson & Klug) bucharica(Gussakovsky), 1935 Am (An), P (515) (505) buruensis(Cockerell), 1911 fas zonatassp.] Am (An), O bicolor(Saussure), 1890 Pachltmelus(Hu) n. comb., E (511) bicolorSichel, seebalnelrum Lepeletier byssina(Kltg), 1845 Am (Saropoda),P (: Po. schmiedt- bicornisZetterstedt, 1B3B(A") : Osmia(Megachilidae) knechtiFriese, 1899 n. syn.i :An. dusmetiGuiglia, bidentataProvancher, see terminalisCresson 1933n. syn.; --An. helouanemasPriesner, 1957 n. bifasciataFedtschenko, 1875 An, P (465) syn.) (510) bihamataPanzer, 1809 Un (Apis), P (450) futssinaIlliger, 1806 (Megilla) nomennudum bimaculata(Panzer), l79B An (Apis), P (: Apit byssinoidzsBenoist, seepuluerosa Smith rotundataPanzer, l79B; : 4n. saropodaLamarck, caelebsGribodo , 1924 An, P (-- A". alfinii Alfken, lBlT; :An. squalidaLepeletier, 1841 n. syn.; 1942 n. syn.) (464, 466) --An. albifronsEversmann, 1852i :An. cognata caelestina(Cockerell), 1919 Am (An), E (506, 558) Smith, 1854; :' Heliofhila mesasiaticaPopov, 1952 caaulea(Friese), 1905 Am (An), E (:An. ella Strand, [as bimaculatassp.l nomennudum) (446, 449, 453, l9l4 fas coerulea(sic) ssp.l n. syn.) (506, 548) 489-491, 493, 499) cafra (Friese), 1905 Am (An), E (515) bimaculiftraWalker, see niaeocincla(Smith) cala Strand, see calens(Lepeletier) bimaculosruDalla Torre, seeniaeocincta (Smith) calcarataLepeletier, 1841 An, P (455, 486) binghami(Schulz), 1906 Am (Po), P (r. name for An. calceifua(Cockerell), 1911 Am (An), O (:An. tainaru croceaBingham, 1897, not Krg, 1845) (511) Strand, 1913 las calce'iferassp.l n. syn.) (510, 511) binotataLepeletier, see albigena(Lepeletier) calceina(Cockerell), see calens(Lepeletier) bipartita Smith, seeacraensei (Fabricius) caldwelli(Cockerell), 1911 Am (An), O (515) birkmanna(Cockerell), 1905 Ha (Emphoropsis)n. calens(Lepeletier), 1841 Am (An), E (:An. tonida comb., N Smith, lB79; :An. cala Strand, 1914 [as tonida bispinosaCockerell, 1949 An, T (494) ssp.l n. syn.) :An. calceinaCockerell, 1936 [as bistrigosaIlliger, 1806 (Megilk) nomennudum tonida ssp.l n. syn.) (504)

a bisulcaPérez, 1895 An, P (496) califurnicaCresson, 1869 An, N (:An. tarsataDours, I blandaPérez, 1895 An, P (476) 1869 n. syn.) =An. subtarsataCockerell, 1904 I [as bogdanowiFedtschenko, 1875 An, P (466) tarsatassp.] n. syn.i :An. texanaCresson, lB72; I - bogutensis(Marikovskaya), 1976 An (Paramegilla), P Po. doursiiDalla Torre, 1896 [n. name for An. (476) tarsataDours, 1869, not Tetraloniatarsata Spinola, bohartiBrooks n. sp. An, P (438, 466, 468, 532-534, 1B3B] n. syn. ) : An. quinquefasciataProvancher, 536) 1895 l,: S-fasciataProvancher, 18951i : An. nysimi boliaiensisFriese, seearequipensis Brèthes Cockerell, 1937 fas califtrnicassp.] n. syn. ) :An. bombiftrmes(Smith), 1854 Am (Saropodo),A (45O, 496, albomnrginataTimberlake, 1937 las califurnicassp.l 513-515, 556) n. syn.) (448, 45O, 454, 478-481, 557) bombiomorpha Wu, seep seudo bomboidzs (Meade-Waldo) califurnieasesMichener, see ursina Cresson bomboiùsKirby, 1837 An, N (--An. canadensis caligataGerstaecker, see circulata (F abricius) Cresson, 1869; :An. sodalisCresson, 1879 n. caliginosaKhg see robuila (Klug) --An. syn.; insularisSmith, 1879 n. syn. i :An. calua(Rayment), 1935 Am (At), A (515) solitariaRitsema, 1BB0[n. name for An. insularis camboueiSaussure, see micrelephasSmith Smith, 1879,not Smith, 18571n. syn.) :An. cam.elorum(Cockerell), 1911 Am (An), P, n. name for neomexicanaCockerell, 1900 las bomboidesssp.] n. An. ruj,cornisFedtschenko, 1875, not Dours, 1869 syn.; --An. stanfordianaCockerell, 1904 n. syn.; (515) --An. fumipennesSwenk, 1909 n. syn. i :An. cana(Walker), lBTl Am (An), P (:An. niuosella --An. scutellarisSwenk, 1909 n. syn. i willingi Priesner, 1957, female, not male, n. syn.) (515) Cockerell, 1911 las bomboidesssp.l ; :An. raui canadrnsisCresson, see bomboidzsKirby Rohwer, 1923 n. syn. i :An. aterrimaCockerell, canarienszsSaunders, see alluaudi Pérez 192+n. syn.) (448, 478) candens(Pérez), 1879 Am (An), q n. name for An. bombyformesSmith, see badia (Dours) candidaPérez, t879, not Smith, lB79 (515) bombylansMocsâry seeganula (Rossi) candidaPérez, seecandens (Pérez) boopsAlfken, seeaidua (Kl"S) candidn(Smith), 1879 Am (An), PO (515) borealisMorawitz, 1864 An, P (466, 468, 478, 489, candidataGribodo, see hispanica(Fabricius) 534) candiùlla (Priesner), 1957 Am (An), P (515) borgensisPriesner, see zanoni Gribodo candidifronsCockerell, 1946 An, E (492) 'uV 'opoqug trou 'Bl,B1 'uossar1 opten?a JoJ erueu (ggr) 'u 'N 6'qruoc 'u '(erro; 'oluaqcstpâd (od) "H 9681 etpç1) nuossen (çfgt ûqsao.tntltsts'uV- :Oggy'srnoq 'uV=) '.tV 'rerlaladerl (gsr olyo(o((q g I7BI stneszaute 'VgV) 'dqsmoTzsopeg ''gruorrr '(r{lFrg) (tgg1 oxa1dnd'uV: l7,tgt N ("V) eH 6LBI o1"ronu1c 'zlra,rerofN 'uV- 'u 'srnoq '(uV) '(srnoq) snnyruap !'uz(s 6981 (llg) O urv 6ggy o4orowa{opule 'uV 'rV' 'rer1e1ada1 'u o7o31r7s1.rpmb - ) d I1BI sa{tsso.rc (gOç) ('uds ['dss otzultw] 0g6I '(uV) '(aser.rg) 'garelco1 'uV: 'puzrls I optfut1aq9IGI nstnttruîsot ouof)stl :OlO1 Dlnplala 'lare{coC 'uV-) '(oua.tpuV) '(snrcrrry.D uosseJC oc{tco{ eas Joloz?oJot g urv IB/1 Dttute 'uV 'alepaqurlJ 'srnoq (.9pù N Iq6I otlwufiotdoc (ruerude6) ouolcq,rqo{aes Io ottute '1arâTJoC 'L6B1 'asarrg (asarrg) nsua(ocaas tlnapauot @gù (uorlepuerue plle^ul 'od - '(oa) '(eserrg) (tw) (rror snenuze ) a rV 968I sn?reut, 'aseug 'uV: 'u 'lleJeTJoC 'asarrg sa(qouno !"uds 016I (arnssneg) s1n7no ees snîoqrt - '(ra8r111) luotpq'DH !'uz(s'u 868I'uueurlepels snuolnsu? retureC o?uzrutqn.râes rpo(osût1c '*l*@to1 'qll*S 'gara{JoC n1au(t1cod:) g, 6LgI snnn{suoc sJnoq oqouoyo{nteas ottpuotqe '0t61 'gara>1coC 'uv 'z1rtæ,torN punoJ lou uorldrrcsap leur8r.rornq @n) d 0BSI {otsyqc 'g '(tV) 'e>lclpaH utnpelsrl ['dss opplalo se] puerts, lspotuo, (ratrg) o7o13o7daas ouofpotlc 'ra4caelsreC 'reueqrll4t 698I o1 EurprooJ? Ilere{roC aotayo( aâs s{oto1r1c - 're8rg1 'Zlg 'llg) (aeprpqce8a141)s(xoqaoS ("V) 90BI Daptoule (OZg Q+Ot tou sr âlep uorlecrlqnd 'astn 6'uds 'u 'tuaurde1.g 'uV: dlsr*o4zsopel1taqels aas N s'nxeuuot +t6I Dloanl :Z+Ot tou sr 'uV '1ara>1co1 ''ur(s 'u 'lueurdea @gù O LI6I slrilrorttcnuuot elep uorleJrlqnd 176l opaû1su1t '(uV) 'retr11 'uV:) '(rV) '(gere>1co3.) a un 9081 Deruot V *V +16I oeuoûo.ro1t1c 'snrcrrqe (rurprrlua3 snrcrrqel oellppu ees t syolqe 'pra1ce4 'uV 'esarr iaeprroqdoçuy) s!^ttuaC- ("V) ?gBI Dtruot (Ogf) O ['dss sls"rorya1n{se] 6t61 g slsuaulqt (rarreladal) oclqnu ees'asarrg nsuaoîuoc (rurroqdug leeprroqdoql '(tV) '(qtturg) -uV) 'elourdg (fOg) O ruv ?çBI on{uot olnpale: ("V) IçBI slsulllqt 'uV 'uaTJIV @tù d 9Z6I rolotuot (rururlerap i azprroqdoqluv) '@nFrW) '(S.t11) '6t81 'reurraC QAù a uV çtBI ouunuoc g86I, ,(pC o1 turprorre safepqt 'gare>1co3 're8rg1 (snrcrrqeg,) nsuaoteDees un(woc DurpnC - zanpnuunaou (qtQ W) 908I sarygpqe '(uV) 'srnoq '(uV) '(11era>1roC) (Ogf) a un 6981 oqnqraot (fOg) g ruv tg61 srlnlne 'OçV) '(tV) '(ilâre>1co3) 'eserrt (f lç O ruv I16I taqaot uu?rusJâlrg Dlqnpeâs snnqne @av'rav) (auprpqc 'uV '1are1coD -etary) 'lpalsralpz N Lg6l f eTBIraquI:L nlroquryoe a1tqcoflaTy-("V) BSBI s!.tolntunîult 'louâqcltr uossa.rC ttspn)mpaââs t srsulPo.rolne @tv (razuu4) oyo1ncouNqels 'qrlus oyouîoc 'ZlV 'g7t 'GW) (['dss sttu.ro{t"r7uacsel906I 'gare 't6V 'OgV) 'uV 'elelraqurl; -{roc 'uv: '1ara1co3 @AV N L1GT tnaoleoe zYt?p\a l[urroJ {r"P] 906I 'esettg 'uV:) 'rV eserJdDllruuo ees onîq1ap1t opa1{nrqo N 6LBI'uossar3 stw"ro{utuac 'Z,gV) 'uV 'o>luaqcstped '(uV) '(1ara1roC) @gV d çIBI lulssep (glç) g urv 0961 slln.ttuat 'laraTro3 '(uV) 'uoraure1 (Cçç) rIlFrS olomî.totueas slwoqt (OCf) O un 8681 nnpnlt uosseJC ouDq.maas 'gareTcoC ouquauqt (rezue4) oyocn{ aas 'esertt snnsntnne 'rn1aut{qtzd 'lstoueg 'elclpeH g Z961 n31oo7c (rezue4) oTocm{aes qoersamDe 'OgV) 'uV 'olueqcslpe.{ petsotnDt @tV d çIBI s?u'tottaole rarlalada-I Dpn!t!? ees'd>1smo1zsop"l{ JâuserJd D?oetJîtclees 'leuselJd sa(qono1c uosseJCouoqln aas 'garâTJoC aouqvîot ''quroc 'u '(11ara>1co3) 'uV 'zeta4 N (s1s(ototldwg)BH 6Z6I o1npc @gù d ç69I llo.tDe '(tV) 'srnoq 'opoqlJC (OCf) N un GgBl opït.t1soa"t1tc zlrû\eJotrAlsuatsnqnfi, aas Deutoe 'zeted '(uv) 'z1r.lrerotr\l elourdg DîJatw ees osoqlt t (.7gù a uv 9881 oqryuuoe 'ZOg) 'u 'ueqrn @Og ('uds g?OI L96I ol 'garalco1 'uV- 'u DuqelDu !'ur(s ['dss Dplnt.tt turprocce (rurracng iaeprroqdoqluv) tggI'(,Ill*S) 'asarrg 'uoreure3 s"] ZZ6I s17o1co{'uV=:gtg1 ut ute8e n{sry n1oî(t1a: ("9) g06I suor{tuuroc 're>lf,e?trsrec '(gera>1co3) /v\au s" PeqrrJsâPPu? II,BI o7o317oc (gg9) uossârC Duotuo?uaes lnpne '(oua.rpuV) '(sntcrrqeg,) 'zlwteJol4tr opfay6- ) g urv ISII oqo1nt.ttt uue(usJeLg olqnp aas Duauoqnt '(uV) '(1cu1tgel-I) 'uossâJC (glç) O ulv t?01 n.t(uuzc uosseJD oc{tco{ eas Dtrnuoqnt 'ÆV) '(uV) '(garelco3.) (f f ç O tuv 016I ou{t1nfiuc Gn ' Ilere>lro3 ouaaptrunaees'gore>1co1 Dpnot!1nïun 69r'Bgt'gg7'gEV) IN'uV BIBI'uossarp olo"trs1{oc (rrç) (tvg '1ara1roC 'uV: 'u '0Ig 'gç7) 'IuV 'ds 'u QZO1 (tlt) Duttnltl t'uIs IaOI d sToorg nsuapuaa(oc 'lera>1coO 'uV: 'u ,'gig 'uoretu"C eunofl !'uds ['dss o\opuauasel (srnoq) naysa{ eos nsua(oc 'gera>1co3 'uV: 'qrlurs 'g7g 'VOg) 'u ç06I g.taq1f lOtgl oîr/pu?uai) (tVç ('ur(s Z,T,6I 'uV:) '6ldV) '(snrcuqe.{) 'asarrg 'uV: 'u '1are>1Jo3 V uV çLn o7o7n3un s.saepîou !'ur(s 1,061 'uV 'nM 'uV-) '(tV) '(asarrg.) @tù d ZB6t neonrlfia)ule qnapauo, g urv ç061 nsua{oc '1era1co1 'vog) 'uerJIV Ilere{roC opnozlr.çneâs ntoute Gvç (lgoI 'asatJl 'uV:) '(.tV) '(ql1urs) (asarrg) snelturcaas snla,u?t olltuvlto a -V tçBI suo.trtuoc 'ttrUIV 'ggf) 'urv 'ds 'u elourdg s1.rqo7y81zeâs s{ananutc @Vg'0Ig d sToorg sapnuo{tuot 'srnoe rarlalada1 oâopod aas 'uueutstelg Dzourt (t"fX) DîDuolees suetsauot

Nrralrng ssNslcs svsNv) do Àrlsus^rNn sHJ z,gç SvsrnuATrcs AND PHvrocENy oF THE ANrnopHoRINn Bnns s63

lB73 (: Emphoropsisjohnsoni Cockerell, 1905 [as distinguendaSpinola, lB51 (An) :Diadasra (An- mucidassp.li :An. aentralisMichener, 1936 [as thophoridae; Emphorini) mucidassp.l) diunsipesFriese, 1922 An, E (: An. fulleri Brauns, crinipesSmith, seesalaiae (Panzer) (457, 460) 1929 n. syn.) (462) croceaBingham, see binghami(Schulz) diaesDours, see dufourii Lepeletier crocea(Kl.rg), 1845 Arn (Megilla), EP (504) dohntyi(Gribodo), 1894 Am (Ar), O (510, 511) croceipesMorawitz, see laraata Giraud domicola(Cockerell), see atrocincta(Lepeletier) croceitarsasGussakovsky, 1935 An, P (496) domingensasLepeletier, seemaculicornis (Lepeletier) crotchiiCresson, 1B7BAn, N (=An. washingtoni dorsalisVachal, 1909 An, T (:An. ecuadoriaFriese, Cockerell, 1905) (445, 460-462) 1922 n. syn. ) :An. trichromaFriese, 1925 n. syn.; crlsocnemrsMorawitz, IBTB An, P ( = Po. chrysocnemis =An. incertaJanvier,1955 n. syn.) (468) (sic) Dalla Torre, 1896, and Friese, 1897) (482) dorsimaculaDufour, see qwdricolor (Erichson) cuneataCockerell, see mimadaenaCockerell doursiana(Friese), 1897 An (Po) (:An. uentilabrisof cuniculanaFriese, 1914 An, E (4S6) Dours, 1869, not Lepeletier, 1841) (496) curta Provancher, see squamrnulosaDours (489) doursii Dalla Torre, seecaffirnica Cresson curaicornrsHedicke, 1940 An, P (476) doaeriCockerell, see zonata(Linnaeus) custos(Dalla Torre), 1896 Am (Po), O, n. name for drewseniiSichel, see rufolanataDours An. uigilansSmith, lB7B, not Smith, 1860 (:An. dubiaEversmann, 1852 An, P (:An. saussurei -- mcnamaraeCockerell, 1929 las uigilazs ssp.] n. syn.) Fedtschenko, lB75 ; An. semperiFedtschenko, (511) 1875i : An. faddei Radoszkowsky, 1BB2i : An. cyaneotinctaCockerell, see qundratu(Cockerell) albomaculataRadoszkowsky, I 874; -- An. carbonaria cyanicollisFriese, seeacraemr (Fabricius) Morawitz, 1876 n. syn.; :An. ctrbnusFriese, 1919 cyanipennes(Saussure), 1890 Am (An), E (506) las semperissp.] n. syn.) (473, 476) cygni(Rayment), 1931 Am (Ar), A (515) dufouriiLepeletier, 1841 An, P (: An. tectaSmith, cypriacaMavromoustakis, seeplumipes (Pallas) 1854, type locality of tuctuis not the New World as cyrenaicaGribodo, see hispanica(Fabricius) in description but probably southern France from cyrtandrae(Lieftinck), 1944 Am (An), O (513) color form of type; --An. diuesDours, 1869; :An. dalmaticaPérez,1902 An, P (--An. agamoidesStrand, nigropygaStrand, l92l las dufoura(sic) ssp.J n. 1915 las agamassp.] n. syn.) (462) syn.i =An. fasciculipesAlfken, 1935 n. syn.) (438, dalmatiensasStrand, 1916 Un (Ar), P, n. name lor An. 47O,47l,4gg) subterranr.aGistel, 1857, not An. subtenaneaGerrnar, dulciJna(Cockerell), 1926 Am (Ar), O, (:An. senahai 1826(450) Yasumatsu,1935 [as cingulatassp.l;:An. sub- damrnersiTimberlake, 1937 An, N (464-466) flaaescensYasumatsu, 1965 las senahafssp.] n. syn.) dammersi(Timberlake), 1937 Ha (Emphoropsis)n. (511) comb., N durnetorumPanzer, seefurcata (Panzer) darwini Cockerell, see utalkeri(Cockerell) duplicicornes llliger, 1806 (MegiUQ nomennudum dawsoni(Rayment), 1951 Am (An), A (513, 515) dusmetiGuiglia, see byssina(Klug) deceptrix(Priesner), 1957 Am (An), P (492') eburneaRadoszkowsky, 1876 An, P (472, 476> decrepitallliger, seesubterranea Germar ectndoriaFriese, see dorsalrsVachal deiopea(Cameron), lB97 Ha (An), O edwardsiiCresson, 1B7BAn, N (:An. gohrmanae delicataCockerell, see mucorea(Kl"S) Cockerell, 1903 n. syn.):An. coloradmsis deltoides(Buysson), lB97 Am (An), P (515) Michener, 1936 fas gohrmanaessp.] n. syn.) dentataRayment, see rubricata(Rayment) (460-462, 488) dentilabrzsMorawitz, lB94 An, P (496) ffissa Heyden, 1862 Un (An), P (fossil; it is dentipesllliger, seepodagra Lepeletier impossible to be sure that this is a speciesof An. dentiuentras(Rayment), 1951 Am (Asaropoda),A (515) [Zeuner and Manning, 1976]) (524) dentricrusMorawitz, see crassipesLepeletier ekuiaensisCockerell, 1908 An, E (492') dtpressaFowler, 1899 Ha, N elbanaPriesner, 1957 An, P (492) deserticolaMorawitz, lB73 An, P (474-476) elefas(Friese), 1916 Deltoptila(An), T desatorumGussakovsky, 1935, An, P (496) elegans(Smith), 1859 Am (An), O (511) dtsertorumPriesner, see arida Brooks elephas(Lieftinck), l9++ Am (An), O (513) determinatuFriese, see reichardti Stadlemann elgonica(Cockerell), 1946 Am (An), E (504) diloloensis(Cockerell), 1932 Am (An), E (504) elimataCockerell, 1933 An, E (:An. infracana dimidiata Alfken, seeplurnipes (Pùlas) Cockerell, 1933 n. syn.) (492) dimidiozonataDours, see sichelii Radoszkowsky ella Strand, see caeruleaFriese disconotaLieftinck , 1974 Ha, O elseiBrooks n. sp. Am, E (438, 506, 548, 549) disparLepeletier, 1841 An, P (: An. specæsaFriese, emarginalaTimberlake, pee rhodothoraxMichener 1919 fas disparssp.] n. syn.l :An. niaeohirta emmdataSmith, seecingulata (Fabricius) Friese, 1922 [as disparssp.] n. syn.) (462, 464, ensenadençesCockerell, seesquarnmulosa Dours 465) epaphroditaBrooks n. sp., Am, A (438, 515, 553-555') disparilis Friese, 1922 An, P (: An. bicalcarataHedicke, epeolinallliger, 1806 (A") : Ammobatesuinctus 1936 n. syn.) (464-466') Gerstaecker, 1869, according to Gerstaecker, 1869 disrupta(Cockerell), 1920 Am (An), E (504) ephippiumLepeletier, see salaiae(Panzer) 'qtlurs (snrcrrqeg,) nsottoqolees ouopt.to{ (snrcrrqeg.) osottoqolaas,garaqco 3 nsuatope{ '6VV) 'u 'garalroC 'uV 'reusarr4 Glg ('uds 9Z61 keù d Lç6T nsuetano(o{ 'uV '(rV) '(qllurg) 'opoqrrg stsuarunqsnq - ) O urv 6/8I oato{ eserJd oqoufusoq1?eâs nsonçso{ 'V6f '6Bt) 'uV 'uossa.r3 'ue>1JlV @AV N 6LBl sa{1xa{ rarlaladal ntno{np aas sadllnncso{ 'gareTcoC '(ouaryuy) ,(snrcuqe.{) (ureq8ulg) gn6ou ees pqua{ (Olg) a vry çLLy o1onso{ Qev) (snaeuurl) nsn1a"reas 'uaqgly oTottn{ 'uV 'e>lcrpeg ,ua>1g1y d ['dss DîDInmwtçse] Ig6t oqourqw{oao{ . (srelpn ap) oTottso{tryonbaas osout^to{ 'VAV) '1era1roC 'uy-) 'g0g) .u ,gara>1co3 @ef (gOO1 tr?qtn4suo Qgg (.ur(s 0[6I wn^rocrsn( 'rar1a1edâT 'ç681 'raqcu"^ord 'uV:) '@nFrW) ,(tnly) ItBI tou ogcutcotîru ag urv ç?BI nsoutn{ 'uV 'u 'N 'uV 'pren11 '(uV) '(qlttus) JoJoru?u 1,681 o4tutcoao{ (fOg) a urv 618I xonp{ 'asarlg 'uV '.rausarr4 sTooJfl Da.tfJaeas stJîu?a1ao{ kAù d Lç6I osotcollo{ 'eser ,1,>lsanoTzsopeà zlr1vf"Jotrtr szlDluazJoaes Jù srttuzaloo{ uuerusrâ^g Dlqnpees pppv{ 'lsrouag .(Vgf) ,ueplagsuy ,zte*tgrs .I (ernssneg) syoln o ees xvtotlytoo{ erJtsnv t ,N,tço6Z (ruuacng lazprroqdoqruV) tçgt Jo uortrellor ern ur addloloqpu" g,?goIt 'pe,sv .Jeuserrd '(elourdg) ns.roytoo{o"r1soag - ("V) 'latlcls safioo{ urrun IpgM se u/v\ouTÀ\oN Lggl 'H 'tep 'add; punoJ lou uorldrrcsap pur8rro tnq çg6I qp1ce;7[leqel par] add1o1o11/reusarrd 'uâ>IJIV 'H 'rCI 'çt-t-81 'pessy dq pa1sr1['dss ou4atn{ sz] a>1crpay1sa(no{ tutun Ip"M :"tep Eurrvrolog 'uV 'z1r*tetotr41 'ZZil 'aserrg @tù d 9BBI sturonao{ eql wq epur edÂ1o1oqoqJ tou 'ra1cae1s 'Lr:I+ 'lourotug 'ros .ilntr , ,rausarr4 (snrcrrqeg.) nsuao,ttDoas ra1 sqll4oo{ atdrGtr Lç61 'asarrg .u ,uy (qlt*S) Dleuteoaantees s(a4oo{ s17o1co{'uVro1 eru?u 4 sloorg saproîo1co{ 'aserrg (snrcrrqeg,) o7o1nc4,âes ryo1co{ Ëff?::îi:;; ;i",Ëi#'i:;::# sToorg saplo1olco{eas 'lauserrd s11o1co{ opoqrrg ouu(cs eas 'asartg oan{ (lrç) 'snrcrrqed '6981 'srnoq .uV (rrc)o IBLI lou Jo otture '(tV) '(srnoq) 'u 'V '(rV) ,(lueude6) uruv ['dss oTouozsel698I DtDuozo?uuo{ roJ eru"u *V Lr6I ouolcltqo{ (snrcrrqeg) suacsaqn{aas 'uratsuarlrlT sa(lpaqo{ (elourdg) o1os"toyeas 'qlrur1, otouoz? .u ,reu (snrcrrqeg) suacsaqn(ees'rar1a1ada1 nnrtpaqo{ (ggf) (.uds [.dds Dptlqxaw] /961 'uV -sârrd 'uV:) 'rV ,rausarr4 Qgù d Lç61.'rausarr4oyopaqo{ sa{ryooo1c d Lç6I opt!"tîrce 'uV 'z1r.uretoyt1 '(uV) ,(1"WBA) (gOf) d 1LBI yasx{ (çlç) g urv 0I6t o4a1(xa 'uV 'z1r*retoy41nwqru{ 'feq) 'uV 'uossor3 @gù d ?68I @eV N 6LBl rn7ue '(uV) '(qlturg) (glç) urv wouqw{ Qtç O 618I ' (ra8rg) oqofn1deas 'esartg aonuqc1{ 6BV'ggi,gg7,Oç7) Dslttc? d'uV ?68I,z1rrærotrN'ogt) ('uls @tv /çBr 'u 'aserrg 'ç06I 'uoJeur€3 'latslg 'çlBI 'o>luaqcstpe.{ [ç061 ]ou nsua{o,roJ DslatxaoppaT4J lou oq?trca 'uV 'u '(onÊrW) ,pu"rts errrzu 'ul gOOl 'zpqcs snîDutruou?fna'od- !'ur(s ro1 arueu tr un 916[ rotsprxl 'u 'uo.rerueC 'og '@n4rw) 'telstc ç061 s?sua{oc - :OOOIpu" g06I (ogr) a un 1çBI ospe,ca tasor.rgÂq wnpnu u?zaou'asarrg Dsolu?uot'oH :) puzrls rotsptlcaaas 'o1uâr{Jslpad Dsprrca "qruorrr '(srnoq) 6.quroc g (n11) rn1au(qcod6991 snoltsa{ 11 'uV 'opoqrrg 'u '(alepequrlJ) Qgù d iZ,6T aoysa{ (ns(otot1fiag) eH 2961 su?nertca 'tlV 'ZtV) 'oserrg 'snrcrrqeg @w (['dss snauûn"rn{s"] 9681 Ggù 86l I 'ZçBI 'uueursra^g 'uV snauûnua{oqp'oA-) d'uV [tB1'rar]a1ada1oautîntu{ lou Dttuttttponb JoJeur?u '(uV) 'rarreladal 'u '6 '(oa) '(aserrd (Ogf) a un I?81 oqou77n.rn{ uV q6B1 T errol elp61) nuuûtasnaa '(uV) '(1era>1roC) 'r(>1sr*oTzsope1y (fOç) g urv 9g61 n4cutcoru{ uuerrrsJeAg srfuas aas ruumasfi,aa '(uV) '(luaur.(tU) 'uV '1are1co1 (llg) V wV Lt6I lsyra{ (gOf) O I 16I Dsnaa 'uV '1ara>1f,oC 'slnoq GAù g ['dss swuar)us€] çt61 o4n{un{ ?llnrg sls"toqo1n{ees st.tna 'uV '1ere1co3 'lare1Jo3 @tù O Ig6I o1oau{ uosseJCoutstn aas s(ona '(uV) '(>1cu!gelT) 'uV 'd1s,ro>pssnC (gtç) O tuv tt61 otuou{ Geù d çg6I aoruefna 'uV 'd>1sr*o>1"ssnC 'Vef) 'uV '1era1coC (gOf) d çt6I nsuauoqï.ta{ @AV N gT,6I ouoqaqa @tr'vlv (ggf) seqtârg nrua{mbarzâos 'saqlarg tl?zaoesa 'Ow) 'd>1sr*o:lzsope'll 'uV 'rauaqcrlN (OOOIâserrd Aq wnpnu uîwou (gOf) N 9g6I xnrlrlgott1l(u 'uv:) '(tldù '(ror,rr1g) 'gare{roC otn)î?lzs a uV 6811 oTotoun{ uosserC oclutofiToceas 1rys[n 'lara1roC 'opoqrrg (fOC) (ggO1 Gtù (tOet 'uV:) '(tV) '(asarrg) 'uV:) 'rV (z1rnre;orN lpyo(oa1 g -V 116I oulya{ nautoz d 0BBI suatseqna) 'tlt) 'Ogt) 'uV 'olueqcsrpa.tt @tV (sraryor'r luanbasqns 11"dq pemollog GgV d çIBI tmnqtsa) 't6B '(eH) '(>1culgelT) ueoq seq uort"Puotua slqJ I uuoluaqcsqpa{ O ppo{on1dn1g+nil DeqDru) '1ueurÂey ot dprp^ur uorlezvrrleï pur8rro sfiI pepuerue (1ara>1co3)aopp1apD ees ltsaun 'uor} '(uV) '(esaug) pue puru sF{ pa8ueqc ,(puaredde all (fOg) g urv ç161 ouuqw 'aserrg '06U-6BZ:çI6I -drrcsep eql â]rsoddo e8ed eqt uo ,.oTuer{Jtpe.l,, keù 968I tou erueu srq sgads eq q8noql ue^e 'papuolul Â11eu 'rrlrslrez'lourotug er{rs}na6l'E16I eserrd st.r.Tuaono{ 'u 'tV -r8rro l,lsm,olzsopelI ]erl,v\ suoluaqcpa{p Surleds (c1s)o"rotldotuv roJ etueu t s>loorg Daqln 'd1sr'rolzsop"U 'u aql letlt sreadde ll :t6BI toquaqcsqpa{ @n) ('uIs 9g6I 'uV: 'rV 'd>1sr*o>1zsop"U 'geralcog 'uV: 'u 'asarrg ) d ZLBI roquaqcpa{ o71$ocna7 l'ur(s I 161 'uV 'gera>1co3 'uV:) 'rV 'opoqrrg (ggf) N 906I ocuopa{ oqn{ns g t6BI stw.ro{tnt14da

NrrsT'rng scNsrDS svsNvx do ^rlsus^rNn sHJ n9ç SysreuATlcs AND PHyrocENy oF THE ANtHoPHoRrNn BuBs 565 footei Crawford, l9l4 An, T (466, 468) gigas(Friese), 1922 Am (An), O (513) forbesiCockerell, t907 An, N (460, 462) gilberti Cockerell, see cingulata(Fabricius) franciscanaCockerell, 1949 An, T (496) glasunouiMorawitz, lB94 An (:An. gedzeni fratucula Gribodo , 192+ An, P (466) Radoszkowsky, nomennudum by Friese, 1909) (476) fratnna Bingham , 1897 An, O (490-492) glaucaAlfken, seeandresi (Friese) freimuthi Fedtschenko, 1875 An, P (--A". oschanini glaucopisFriese, 1905 An, E (476> Fedtschenko, 1875; : An. gertaliRadoszkowsky, globosaFabricius, 1793 (Apis), T, : Exomalopsis(At- nomennudum by Friese, 1909) (496) thophoridae; Exomalopsini) froggatti Cockerell, seepreissi (Cockerell) glycyrrhizaa(Gussakovsky), 1935 Am (An), P (511) frontata Say, 1837 Un (At), N (450) godofredi(Dours), 1869 Am (An), E (:An. modesta fuerteuenturaeLieftinck, see alluaudi Pérez Smith,lB79 n. syn.) (508, 5lO, 55tr 556) fuliginosa Illiger, see qrudrifasciata(de Villers) gohrmanaaCockerell, see edwardsiiCresson fuliginosaMorawitz, lB94 An, P (466, 557) gracilipesMorawitz, lB73 An, P (452, 473-476' 489) fullai Brauns, see diuersipesFriese graeca(Alfken) , l9+2 Am (An), P (504) fulaa (Smith), 1879 Deltoptila(Ha), T grandicep.r(Friese), 1905 Am (An), E (:An. leucophora : fulua Eversmann, 1852 (Saropoda): E4eoloidescoecutiens Cockerell, 1910 n. syn. i An. semigriseaCockerell, (Fabricius), 1775 (Anthophoridae; Epeoloidini) 1930n. syn.) (502, 504) fuluata Fabricius, 1804 (Megilk) : Nomia (Halictidae) grandidieraCockerell, see heydeniiSaussure fuluicaudaTimberlake, 1937 An, N (450, 476, 479) grandisLepeletier, see hispanicaFabricius fuluicollis Timberlake, seeafabilas Cresson grayella(Rayment), 1944 Am (At), A, publication fuluifrons Smith, seetaurea (Suy) date is not 1942 (512\ fuluipes Cameron, see khasianaSchulz grelaeCockerell, see uestitaSmith fuluipesEversmann, 1846 An, P (476) griseaChrist, seepubescens (Fabricius) -Suastrides fulaiscopaAlfken, see semirufaFriese griseaSchletterer, 1890 (A") melanura fuluitarsis Brullé, lB32 Att, R (: Megilla personata (Spinola), 1851 (Anthophoridae; Eucerini) Illiger, 1806, nomennudum; -*An. nnsutaLepeletier, griseaFabricius, 1804 (4") : Halictus (Halictidae), not l$+l ) : An. arietinaDours, 1869; : An. euris Apit griseaFabricius, 179+ Dours, 1869 fas personatassp.l) (457, 460, 556, grisella(Cockerell), see obscuriceps(Friese) 558) griseotecta(Cockerell), 1946 Am (At), E (508) fuluitecta Kirby, see inclfia Walker griseouestitaCockerell, see uestitaSmith fuluiuentrisZetterstedt, 1B3B(A") :Megachile (Mega' grisescens(Rayment), 1931 Am (An), A (515) chilidae) grisescensDucke, rcA7 (Po) : Melitoma (An' fulaocinereaDours, seeplagiatu (Illiger) thophoridae; Emphorini) pilifrons fuluodimidiataDours, 1869 An, P (491, 492) guachalaeCameron, see Packard fuluohirta Meade-Waldo, see insularis(Smith) guigliaeDusmet, see riaolleti Pérez Am (An), E fumipennesAifken, see aidua (KlnS) guinea(Strand), 1912 [as aiuidassp.l fumipenmsSwenk, see bomboidesKirby (506, 558) E, n. name for furcata (Panzer), l79B An (Apis), P (:Apis dumetorum gussakoasÈyi(Popov), 1946 Am (An), Panzer, l79B; :Megilla noraegicaNylander, 1852 An. pygmaeaGussakovsky, 1935, not Dours, 1869 - lasfurcala ssp.] n. syn.l Po. caucasicusFriese, (515) - (Dours) lB97 lasfurcalzs ssp.] n. syn.l Po. montislinguarum habropodoidesDalla Torre, see aurulentocaudatu Am (At), A (511) Schulz, 1906 lasfurcalru ssp. and n. name for Po. hackeri(Rayment), I 947 caucasicu.rFriese, 1897, not An. caucasica haef,iguiFriese, 1905 (A") : Eucara (Anthophoridae; Radoszkowsky, lB74l n. syn. ) : An. atrata Eucerini) 1914 Am (At), O (513) Hedicke, 1929 lasfurcalassp.] n. syn.l :An. hanitschi(Meade-Waldo), 1BB3An, P (484, 486) caucasicolaHedicke, 1929 [asfurcata ssp.l n. syn.; hanseniMorawitz, : An. obscurellaAlfken, original description not harmalaeMorawitz, LBTBAn, (476) found) (487 -4Bg) harttigi (Alfken) , 1926 Am (An), P (504) 1909 Un (An), E (450) furcotibialesWu, 1985 An, O (476) hastulaVachal, Kirby, seeretusa (Linnaeus) fuscipennisSmith, 1854 (An), N, :Melissodes bimaculata haworthana (Lepeletier), 1825 n. syn. (Anthophoridae; Eu- hediniAlfken, 1936 An, O (: Heliophila latitarsalisWu, cerini) 1985n. syn.) (470\ galalensisPriesner, 1957 An, P (492') hegasicaPriesner, 1957 fas concinnassp.l At, P (492) gallica Dalla Torre & Friese, see quadricolor(Erichson) heinemanniFedtschenko, 1875 An, P (:An. hilgendori' garrula(Rossi), 1790 Am (Apis), P (:An. bomfutlans Cockerell, 1911n. syn.) (466) Mocsâry, 1879) (5O4, 505) heliopolitensisPérez, 1910 An, P (496) galti Spinola, 1851 (A") : Eucerinodagayi (Spinola) helouanensesPriesner, see byssina(Klug) (Anthophoridae; Eucerinodini) hemithoracicaSichel, see acraensis(Fabricius) gedzeniRadoszkowsky, seeglasunoai Morawitz herbstiFriese, see ruf,caudisCameron gemellaMorawitz, 1B7BAn, E (492) heteropodaCockerell, see xanthostomaCockerell germabicaRadoszkowsky, 1893 Un (An), P (450) hefi"enii(Saussure), 1890 Pachymelus(Hu) n. comb., E Pachlmelusgrandidiere Cockerell, 1916 n. syn.) gntali Radoszkowsky, seefreimuthi F edtschenko (: ghigii Gribodo , 192+ An, P (464) (558) giganteaFriese, seehirtiaentris Friese hilaris Smith, lB79 An, T (468, 469) '(uV) 'elourdg 'loqtuds (Ogf) a un B0B1 o1otuoao1 ur]eT-uou e sur€luoo eruuu cgrcads aql 'a4clpâH - (re8q11)oqnpofl aes DuorllDpol erurs'B0I Lç1:64'sa8rnt"N'r{rrv'9161'puurlg 'uV 'a>1crpe11 'uV (ggf) d Ig6I suo{tasco1 nyruîtsut-r JoJ erueu 'u 'O '*V 's1oo.rg n1tu7rcut 'pue Qeù g'uV I16I'asarrg DsotqDI sToorg o71u3pu1aas 49 o4tuîtsu!-r .lrapsqel 'lara>lroC (Ogf) (snrcrrqeg.) suacsaqn{aas or7ruorqn1 IIarâ{roC DîDrillp eas ouocot{ut 'u '1ara>1roC ('uds ['dss ouopt"ro{w] ç06y .ç?.ç uossarD nc{tco{ eas 'arro; ellzq st1oun{ut 'qtlurs 'uy:) -uatopa{sts(o.roq{wg - :tçgI ouopuo{ (aop17y1nîa74flnlase: ("V) 'rpalsraltez stunut "quroru '(snrcuqe.{) BSBI N (snquog) eH t0B1 DSlunqDI (t.u '1ere4co1 'd4srvrolzsop"ll rarlaladal n?uouol aâs mo4auznt! T) uosqJlrg) oçcunmbz.ç âes Dtrput '(uV) 'dlsuretn-r.oz1âuzny (Oçf) a vn LZil lulzny @Zù ('uds'u I [6I'esarrg su4uaa{nt'uV: :OOOI 'uossar3 'Âqrly 'uV:) 'uV 'rarlle6 (snrcrrqeg,) qon.t, ees yïn"tq o4carya1n{ aO II,BI o1(1tut 'uV 'o>lueqcslpâd 'dorc;nogDstzul (gef) d ç/BI ûnqauo.rq (OCf) a'(tldV) un" gB/1 'uV 'aser.rg 'renuef (Zeù d ['dss s(ac11(wose] çtOt ruasuaqzry (ggf) F1erlre1sllvsrop âas oç.racut '>1cur1 'gvv) @m (sgr (r lol -JelT 'oH-) 'nH 'ureqtutgDu'qsu1 'zeta4osoqrrtt 'uV:) 'rV 'elourdg o17a7n{o O 806I J IçBI Dqaeul 'asarrg '(uV) '(EnlX) Qeù srnoq oTouop{nlees lsqary (qOC)a urv çtBI ouocut '(nU) '(>pulgelT) (t I C) (.uds O opo{oq{n1g +iil suaqo{wz 'u 'puertg 'u 'nM ['dss flsuauop.totlse] g16I nsuaîut{uo ('uz(s tB6I 'uV:) '(garo1co3) 'DH 'e1g- (>1cu!ge\-I O'(rV) *V II6t szsz?uotl.toy vsuaïuoûaqz -) O +L61 x!"tîDt!w! 'uV '1a.re>1coC 'zate4 Qeù g 9+6I sluoslorpol (3,çù (uedef uro:y) ç06I 'uV 'o>luaqcslped '(erssnU 'zete4 (ggf) d çLBI lqtoy 1ou pue euÂg tuorg) 016I ruos 'uV 't.TJIV 'uV 'u '4 '(rV) 'ga"ra>1co1 (3,tù d Bt6I zraytnauy r,oI ârueu un ?16I tclrtntlu! 'reusarrd '(opo{orDsv) '(}uarude6) (srelpn ep) oyotcso{tqonbeas FnlI (çtg) y tuv tç6I o7o7pw1 'uV 'aserrg 'uV 'æTIe714 keù g ç06I oun.rasuoïul (Oçf) d un IIBI opgatf 'uV 'ge-ra>1co3 'uossâJC (Zeù g 8g6I nsuawofltq uosseJCot{tto{ aes naouït 'uueursrerrg 'srnoq 9?BI (rarlaladel) suacsnnuteees o17o{o(û1 'uV '1061 'uo.reureS 'og '(uV) '(garelroC) saQaln{ tou sa{ta1n{ to1 (çlC) g urv 0t61 oauof,co{û1 'u 'O '(oa) '(zpqcg) 'u 'srepurres erueu opo(oqdo1g 9061 ouotnqsl Geù ('uds ù06y Danuteoqln 'gareTroC 'uV:) '(rpod-ol '(elourdg) (ratr11) opPo1d aes ouaquutly d uV BtBl n1nuntl 'u l,4srrrolzsoP€u ownaoaas'o>luaqcslpâd lralssal ('uds ['dss 'uV '4ezseueg 'esarrg (gOf) d tB6I lqnzoy (rtr) omoq sel ZZil snrnesqosnlauû1czd - 'o>luoqcstped 'u 'opoqltg @tù d'uv ç/BI ruuou{not1 !'uz(s g68I snâoa1?usnlaraû1co4 -) '(uV) '(1ara1coC) "qrrroru '(arnssn"S) (çlç) g urv 0t61 nsuaïunqnq g (nU) snlau(qcDd0681 oaoq '(uV) '(d>1srro>l"ssn9) 'çlg 'gçV) 'urv ''ds 'u (Clç) a urv ç961 nsueunlDrDt! Gçç-gçç V s{oorg tuo$nor! '(uV) '(garelcoC) 'egV) 'uV 'z1rtæ;olN (fOç) g IrlV 9?61 ottsolanl @eV d 9BBI nsua4or! 'lereTcoC '€H '1ara>1coC (arro; BIFq) nulsslrg aes tuosapf O 0Z6I uatlooq 'ZGt'BgV) 'uV ''ds 'u 'garaTJoC Gfç-OVg g sToorg o77ao! srnoq oqouoyo{ntaas Dlotouoq 'V ,OgV) .u Glù Z7GI tou sI e]"p uort€rrlqnd QgV (.uds 016I '(rV) '(]uaurÂe6) '[eqce4 uurv ['dds opaû1suttwl +t6I pruof nuDzptnu'uV:) d'rV ç68I' zate1 Drl?uztfiloq '(uV) 'd>lsuretn-r.ozleuzny (Oçf) a un LZ,il ruosqotlof (rur.racng leeprroqdoqruV) tçgt '(rV) '(:lcultJotT) 'qU*S 'srnoq (gtç) O wV +ril goco{ oa1n{osso1flouay-("V) 698I nt1"u@o1ot1 'uV 'srnoq '6gt 'lgt) 'uV 'garelcoJ @tù d 698I nnpn&a.t.tt @eV-Vet N gZ6I Dtnaploq 'glV-tli 'ZLV 'OlV) 'uueursre^g '(uV) '(rueurÂnU) @gV (gtgy (llç) V uV L+il lsauloq 'uV:) '(sBIIed) 'srn optdal a'Gldù uV 7LLI soa4 qlgrs oToutînu oos oq o!"tlslrl 'un 'a1crpa11 (Ogf) d 0t6I otluz"t! 698I 'ralceelsreC ' 'aurrn (rurroqdurg o1 EurproJJe L0B1 f sn1olncow - 'a>1cnq - '.ra8r111 iaeprroqdoçuy) ouorlary (oa) L06l aoaowo(t saryszd 1anpnuuaraou ("V) 90BI olrtslU 'u (.g,tù ('ur(s Z86I @gf-Vg7) (.uz(s 'nM 'uV 'ueq8ulgap! 'u 'opoqlr1 'uy- out(srunoyy1fu11ag -) Od 8681 ['dss ocluo(s1t1sel lZ6I DetDuat(c 'srnoq 'u 'opoqlrC rarlolada-I su?esaur.çââs Daplo! !'uds ['dss ocluo{s1t1w] g68I Dîoptpunt 'ttTJIV 6'uds 'u 'opoqrrg 'uV: 'srnoq 'uV: 'rar1a1ada1 (ggl) (glOl tou +7,G1 :Ogg1 o"toffi"t :t+gy 'uV 'vy 'opoqlt1 'uV:) '(snrcuqe.{) D?tctua,tu! -) d tZ6I Dtntt.tîul slpun"r8 a'(tldù vv LBLI ocruo{sn1 IIare{JoC oratssqstt,aas'gara1co3 os.ta{snqut @fi) (rzad arues t'uz(s 'u aou,o1ua(aas'1are{JoC os.ta{snqut aql râle1 ure8e /v\euffi peqrrJsâppu" tI6I IIereTJoC 'asarrg 'uV:) 'rV 'asarrg opoqrrC DlDet.tlu,ees 'opoqlrg Dîxzrauîut oaqunîf g I16I s!4uaaunq 'snrrlrqed (t"Wd sa(twn1daas 'ua>1JIVDtxxta,taîul (tnnnd sa(nun1daas Dns4q '1eqce6 (gçç) (snaeuu11) osnya.rees 'terlaledal Dtpnanruz traqulop stsuauon{ aas xa{4t1 'np1 Âqrry s?ptoqraoçees 'qrluls saolnsut (raErp111)oqofo1d aes nsuao(o1nwu1 'zlg) (glg) (ttOI'op[B6-âpeetrAl Gtç 'u oylrlooyn{'uV:) '(rV) *V '(,Irl-S) stnlnsul ('uds ['dss (ttt) nsua(o1our1qsel ,16l'ople6 O /çBI 'uV- 'opoqltg t{l1urs snnn(suo, ees 'uueurlePe}S snuDlnsu, -apeetri nsuafiuotlad :gOgI nut{nso"r{ 'uetuoN 'uV=) '(rV) '(Â>1smo>lzsopeg) (l I g) O *V ZBBI nsuafolowttl 'looz Jo ePoc eql Jo qI I alrluv repun pIIs^uI snql o{uer{Jslpa"f tuuDluautaqaos'geralco g {topuaî1y1

Nlrs-r1nfl scNsrss svsNv) do Àrrsus^rN^cl sHJ 99ç SvsrnuATrcs AND PsvlocENy oF THE ANtHopHoRrNe Bnns 567

lanata(Kl.rg), 1845 An (Megilla), P (: An. canescens lumbwanaCockerell, 1946 An, E (492) Dours, 1869 las senesrrnJssp.] n. syn.l :An. lusitanicaFriese, seeffinis Brullé aennabilisCockerell, 1911 n. syn.) (457 r 460) lusoriaCockerell, see oldi Meade-Waldo lanataFabricius, 1775 (Apit) : Megachile (Mega- luteolaRayment, see chlorocyanea(Cockerell) chilidae) luteodimidialaDours, 1869 Un (An), T (450) langi (Cockerell), 1935 Am (An), E (502) lutescensWalker, lB7 | Un (An),P (450) laraataGiraud, 1863 An, P (:An. croceipesMorawitz, lutulenta(Klug), 1845 Am (Saropodo),P (515) lB76 n. syn.) (474, 476) luzonica(Cockerell), 1914 Am (Ar),O (513) lata (Cameron), 1905 Pachymelus(Hu) n. comb., E maclachlani(Fedtschenko), 1875 Am (An), P ( --An. laticepsFriese, 1905 (A") : Eucara(Anthophoridae; meraensisCockerell, 1933) (508, 510) Eucerini) macrognathaGerstaecker, lB7 | (Eucna) -- Eucara (An- laticepsFriese, see aestitaSmith thophoridae; Eucerini) laticinctaDours, 1869, seesubtenanea Germar (555) mncroleuca(Cockerell), 1922 Am (An), O (515) latigenaMorawitz, 1886 An, PO ( -- An. reinigi maculicornes(Lepeletier), 1841 Am (An), E (:An. Hedicke, 1931) (482) domingemesLepeletier, 1841) (515) latipesFriese, seeatrocincta Lepeletier maculifronsCresson, 1879 An, N (496) latitarsalrsWu, see hedini Alfken maculigeraPriesner, 1957 An, P (474, 476) latizona(Spinola), 1B3B Arn (Saropoda),P (510) madecassa(Saussure), 1890 Am (An), E (504) leoninallliger, 1806 (MegiWq)nomen nudum madnaeSichel, see qundrifasciata(de Villers) leonisCockerell, 1933 An, E (476) magnilabrasFedtschenko, seesaaignyi (Lepeletier) leopoldiCockerell, seefelina (Friese) magrettii(Bingha*), 1897 Elaphropoda(Hu), O (- Ho. lepidaEversmann, see areos(Pallas) fletcheriCockerell, 1920) lepidodeaDours, 1869 Un (An), P (450) maiellaLieftinck, see tainanicola(Strand) leptocomaLieftinck, see malaccensasFriese malabaricaGmelin, 1790 (Apit), E, : Nomia curuipes lesquerellaa(Cockerell), lB97 An (Po), N (460, 462, (Fabricius) I 78l (Halictidae) 556) malaccensas(Friese), 1918 [as aillosulassp.] Am leucocephalaFriese, see annls (Vachal) (Antophora[sic]), O (: Am. leptocomaLieftinck, 1956 IeutomclaenaDallaTorre, 1896 Un (Po), P, n. name for n. syn.) (512, 5131556) An. melaleucaWalker, lB7l, not Lepeletier, 1841 malelanaCockerell, see circulata(Fabricius) (450) malenominalruSchulz, seefestiaus (Dours) leucomelaenaIlliger, see albigena(Lepeletier) mnngkamensisWu, 1982 An, P (478) leucophaeaPérez, lB79 An, P (464) nnnni Mocsâry, see quadricolor(Erichson) leucophoraCockerell, seegrandiceps Friese marginataSmith, 1854 An, NT (:An. histrioDours, leucopygaFriese, 1911 An, E (476) 1869; - Po. cleomisCockerell, 1896; : An. popenoei leucorhinaCockerell, l9l7 An, P (460, 464) Cockerell, l9+9 n. syn. i : An. peleniCockerell, leucospilaCockerell, see epicharifurmisGribodo l9+9 n. syn.) (479,481) leucostictaHedicke, l9+0 Un (An), P (450) marqueti(Pérez), 1895 Am (An), P (515) leucostomellaCockerell, seeurbana Cresson marsupodaChrist, l79l Un (Apis), P (450) libuica (Cockerell), 1930 Am (An), E (515) martensiFedtschenko, 1875 An, P (475, 476) librata llliger, 1806 (MegiUa) nrmennudum matopoensesCockerell, 1933 An, E (492) libyphaenicaGfibodo, 1893 An, P (462) mnuritanica(Benoist), 1950 las altnnazr ssp.l A* (A.), lieftinckiBrooks n. sp. Am, O (438, 512, 513, P (505) 550-552) mcnamaraeCockerell, see custos(Dalla Torre) lilacineCockerell, see cingulata(Fabricius) mtdicorumCockerell, seepunctifrons (Walker) limassolicaMavromoustakis, An, P, original descrip- mediocindruCockerell, l9l7 Pachymelus,E tion not found (464) mediorufa(Cockerell), 1920 Am (An), E (504) limbatus(Saussure), 1890 Pachymelus(Hu) n. comb., E mediozonataLaboulbene,1870 Un (An), P (450) linsleyiTimberlake, l9+l An, N (479,481) meditnraneaAlfken, see qwdrifasciata (de Villers) liriope (Bingham), see mucorea(Klug) meganhinaCockerell, 1910 An, O (: An. soluta lisalanaCockerell, see cincta(Fabricius) Cockerell, 1910 [as meganhizassp.] n. syn.) (438, lisbonensasCockerell, seeplumipes (Pallas) 482-484) litoranaPriesner, see quadrifasciata(de Villers) megasomaCockerell, see armntaFriese liturata Lepeletier, see ûnit Brullé melaleucaWalker, see leucomelaena(Dalla Torre) liuingstoneiCockerell, see tetradontaCockerell melaleucaLepeletier, 1841 Un (Ar), T (450) loczyiMorawitz, lB92 An, O (496) melanocephalaMorawitz, 1894 An, P (466) loewiFedtschenko, 1875 An, P (492) melanocera(Cockerell), 1946 Am (An), E (504) lomamica(Cockerell), 1936 Am (An), E (504) melanodonta(Cockerell), 1933 Am, E (504) longipesMorawitz, lBB4 An, P (492) melanognathaCockerell, 1911 An, O (457, 4591460) longmani(Rayment), 1947 Am (Ar), A (511) melanopodallliger, 1806 (MegiUQ nonun nudum Iongula(Rayment), 1947 Am (An), A (511) melanopsCockerell, see squammulosaDours loueridgeiCockerell, see acraensis(Fabricius) melanopygaFedtschenko, 1875 An, P (476) lucknoaienses Radoszkowsky, see subcoerulea (Lepeletier) melanopyrrhaDours, 1869 Un (An), T transferred to luluanaCockerell, see triangulifera(Cockerell) Deltoptilaby LaBerge & Michener, 1963, but ,VAV) 'uV ,gara>1co3 @AV N tZ6I qnp^t7ru s1ooJg aDaafl)taouo{ees,elelerrrouod tzîzmpnu (-rer1e1ade1) ,errol ouaî1qp eas EIeçJ xotoq1t.r7ru (aser-rg) oe!.tmlnqâes 'esertg nsrn7o.tow 'lelo (snaeuu11) nqouozeos q ns,to1ttîru (Olç) '(uV) urv g/81 ,(o>lueqrslped)oîon4uow '(uV) ,(asarr a (fOg) g urv ç061 g,) sps^rn11^rfiu (razue4) oqocm{aes ,zlnqr1 wrutn7uqnpow 'snrcrrqe (snrcrrqeg,) "to1oc1t,eos g o1uflru (srnoq) plppq aas 'qlrrus otwnzaîunw ,ra8rgl zunpnuuautlu (o11ûa7a)g0B I sguol(u,îru (arroa eIFCD thlsmoslzsopDroas d>1sano:lzsopell 'râusarJd Dunîuou eserJd ra%ou.teâs szltduîru (gçç '697 'Bgt 'ggt 'gçt) QAù (s.rnoq Dptpxwtponln{ ('uls 'u '1era>1roC .od- .u 'uV 4681 lnpnt !.uds 698I 'uds alqrssod) ,rV ,zata4 sa(1ây 'uossar3 'uV:) '.tV ,uossar3 Jo d 6LBI !!Tî!ws N 698I Dunluoa (Ogf) (ra8r111)o1opo1d aas ,ztvvrerotr{ sa(uflru 'uV 'z1ttvv-totr41 (gOf) d 068I ocz1oïuow (rrWd sa{nun1daes 'esertg sa(t.t7ru ,uosr{rlrg kgù (snaeuu11) nsnqatâos DqeDuow (arro; ,elourdg "lFç1) sapppo(o"rz.çâes sutqo1t"r7ru 'eH lodo4 'uaTJlV d Zç6I r4saoa Qgù (gZOI s(ananutc (Â1sano>lzsopeg) âos ,uleqtulfl uqlaow 'uV: ,epur ,elourdg rynu 177'ou'giç.d BSBI (Oçç '87ç '0Ig ,gw) 'urv .ds .u sToorg saprc$epow 'uV:) ',rV ,elourdg d sltqo1yîy d BSBI sltqop.tfly (lçg) (srnoq) eos ,qtrurs 'uV 'lara1cog ryu{opoï rysepow @f,ù O It6I suotrtÊru sJnoq suol?îrueos 'zlv*eJotr\trouupuw 'Zgt'Ogf) 'uV ,esarrg @gf g sauo{t,t7ru ç06I (ra8rp) oqoûo1deas'd>1sr*oTzsoped !4lmesolola (olg) (çrg1'olueqrstped slu"roclcyd (razue4) oqo1ncowttprnbeâs ,rer1e1ade1 'uV:) '(rV) ,(z1u*eroy1) Dwtu a -V ELgl s1u^rgcr"r7ru (.ur(s .u ,Ogf) ,uV ,z1rrvre,totr41 [.dss @gV d 9BBI s(atuflru Duzqunras"l 'garelJoC outtnruots(o"tot1fiug:) 'asar 6061 (reSrg1) oqnfoydâas tg suacsat7ru ''quroc 'u ("V) BH '(uossat1) slllqznslw 'eser N B1B1 (rrWa) sa(twn1daas tg nfiru (eeprlagoS) snao1(H: g,6Lï ,snrcrrqe Dînuta ,eser t oJnssn"S srJDlntoââs tg .taîru (rrç) rl 'et '2, 'I 'sSS ';ç1 (aePrdY'^îÏ:i;;{ii#''iir'Y:ff#'#;îarn8ld rxaa s,tuatudell aes ,y '(rV) ,(lueurÂu6.) utuv ['dss opasu^roposel W6I ocpwlw 'eH '1ere>1co1otzpara 'uapeIs O LZ6I uosserD stlDutwnl aas Dpiln{oau (gog 'log 'ggv) ('urs @gv-vgv) 'u gt61 'lara1coC oTxttuotïru'uV: !.uds .u 'uV 'gara>1coD tg6l N gt6I T e>Flrequlr.aoTnTSau '1a;a1coJ D?naune'uV- !.uds .u gg61 ,garelJoC '1ue uosseJC ouoqn aas llrs,szsuam.tqau rpnnn7nîutt 'uV- !.uds .u gg6l 'gara>1coCtulsupuo (gOf) g 'uV '[eqce^ nanau 'uV:) '(rV) '(11a-re:1co3) 016I g *V 916I ouaaprwtw (gOç) g ,(uV) ruv gg6; ,(1ara1roC) sltoratpu (1ero>1co3) suacsaaruees'1ara1co C Dgnaprtzw opp6-epeetr\l oenuîtÇ{aas,llareTroC szsuatou 'srnoq ,lq unpnu uazaournoJne o?uopoteru 'eser 698I (asarrg) slsua{ocaes ril flsuaprru (goeI (ggg) sys.roTy1n{ ,rer1a1ade1 'Âresco141 .u ,arnssneg ?nnrfl ees otnsou rorossn1aw(qczd t.uds 0681 (rarraladel) oualtqlv 'DH -) 'ry*{qn1 ,,{rlurs aes'Âlsrvrolzsops)f tuDu trnoquDt g 6LBI soq(ayatctw (Ogf 'g9t) 'uV 'o>luaqcslpâd ,gg1) ''ds'u d çlBI DttDesnu (Wg'çVç'Z6f g'uV sToorflluuaîlelw 'ggg 'ZOç) '(uV) '(lare1roC) (gçc (pOç g ruv 0g6y npoqe?w 'ggV) 'uV s1s"torya1n{ 'ase\rt '(uV) 'srnoq d ['dss sel 6161 Dttînnu (3çù I un 69By Duztzxnu (6lù ZVAytou âl"p uorlecrlqnd ktù ZVGItou sI etep 'V '(uV) *V '(ruaurÂrU) 'V '(rV) '(lueurdnU) ['dss oloamlsu] ?t6I t(o"unw uort"crlqnd wV +til Dnelmaw (llç) (unpnu uautou'ç96y 'tueurdea 'uV 'zlru...r-to7N nsua(ounw Qgù Od 9BBI Dtlnnîau 'uV:) '(.tV) '(lueurde6,) 'snrcrrqet V *V 6t6I nsuafo^rntu (tOgg s!.tolqcn176a74J- ) (aepprlpH) (ggf) 'uV 'o4uaqcslped 'snrcrrqe d çLBf ourrn?a s1s{oto1t1coînV- (opflay,y) ?08I i Dnnnpw (uossor3) slpqonsrutoes'ga-re1co ) ouxtnu 'Zlg 'gçf) '(uV) '(geralroD) Gts N O ruv 0t61 otlu@osaw 6'quroru '(garalcoC) (s1s{o^rot1(wg)"H ç061 Dtrrqtrnra (razue4) o1olnmutq ees lodo4 Dellorsosaw $tv) (srepn ep) nTonso!ryonbeas 'd>1sr*oTzsop"dstyueoraa 'uV avîDzaror!sel 'esaug sxquaatrotnw d ['dds 2,7,il (o>luaqcslpad) ruorutopuw ees'1ara>1coJ stsunarau 'retrgl 'gn\ 'uV 'oluaqcsrpod anpnu unalu (on@rW) g0B I oarltnu (Ogf d ç/BI srlDuotpuau (Of 'za;e E'B0g) ('uIs'u I[6I (sneeuurl) osnqa"toas d styruotpw)w 'garalcoC 'uV: .u 'rueqturg otDnlap !.ur(s 8681 zerad Dqruorcop?âas 'lBrIJ"A ouaqatnw 'uV:) '@11ûayfl ,(EntX) '(uV) ,(puerrg) a(01t17 4 urv ç?gI oa"rocnw (CtC) g ruv I16I ouon1atl{orsyqfuw 'opoqug '(opo(otnsv) '(luaurde11) rarlolade-I oîD!l!t!?ees oprtnu (çlç) y urv Iç6I sîsuauoryau 'uosserC 'uV 'rausarr4 (arro; eIFCI) ttuossa.teees Dptmu keù g Lç61 Dutnaw 'V6V) 'uV 'e>lelraqurlJ 're>1cae1srag @ef N Lt6I ounntnu 698I ('uds 'u o1 turproJf,e '6981 'ralcaelsrâC oza(ot1^t^t@ '1ara1roC 'oH ['dss ouopt^ro{s"] 8681 stsuaotsDd -) rrlaopot?fryC: Ianpnu uatuou("V) g0BI 'raEr11 oîtryqaw ''qurorrr '(uossatg) 'Euruuutr ,orot1(ot1îuV N ("V) DH BLg1 ruost.uout GZù GtOl I pue reunez aâs 'u 'rausarr4 (ggf) ('ur(s ['dss tatt.tout,wl Zç61 o1 stuoleq lenlJe uerurJads srqt Jr âur(uretep ol syldy.Ey 'uV:) '(oa) rV '(aserrg) '(rV) 'lara1cog a 668I nttrow elqrssodurrlpsso;) N rn 806I lptofiata (rar1a1ade1)oua7tqp ees'(re8rp) Dpunquozu (ernssneg) oaoqaes 'opoqlrg rnt7oa1rw 'ue8qr}lfl rarlalade-I Dto!l!e!?ââs T ua>IJIVtzrmDnza (Oçf) snonuat luauaceld

Nlrsllng sDNsrcs svsNvx do ^rrsus^rN,o sHJ 89ç SvsrnuATlcs AND PHYTocENY oF THE ANTHOPHORINN BBBS s69 nigriuentrisZetterstedt, 1B3B(A") - Osmia(Mega- ocularis(Saussure), 1890 Pachymelru(Ha) n. comb., E chilidae) (= Pachtmelusniger Friese, 1922 n. syn.; nigriaentresFriese, see acraensis(Fabricius) : Pachymelusoctomaculatus Friese, 1922 las B-macu- nigroaeruginosaDours, 1869 Un (An), Unknown origin latusln. syn. ; : Pachymelusciliatus Friese, 1922 n. (450) syn. ; - Pachymelusflauithorax Benoist, 1962 n. syn.) nigrociliataPérez, 1895 An, P (486) odonturaCockerell, see africana(Friese) nigrocinctaLepeletier, seesubtenanea Germar ogiluiei(Cockerell), 1932 Am (An), E (504) nigrocinctaProvancher, seeflaaocincta Huard oldi Meade-Waldo, l9l+ An, E (-- A". lusoriaCock- :An. nigrocinctulaDours, see aentilabrisLepeletier erell, l92l las oldi ssp.l n. syn.) albopictula nigroclypeataFriese, 1909 Am (An), E (506) Cockerell, 1933 n. syn.) (492) nigrofuluaLepeletier, seeplumipes (Pallas) olgaeFedtschenko, lB75 An, P (474-476) nigromaculataLucas, seerobuila (Klug) omeiensisWu, 1979 Ha, O nigromixtaCockerell, see mimadaena(Cockerell) omissa(Priesner), 1957 Am (An), P (504) nigropilosa(Friese), 1896 Am (Po), P (515) onosmannæMorawitz, 1876 An, P (474, 476') nigropygaStrand, see dufourii Lepeletier optimaCockerell, see armataFriese nigroscopaceaFriese, see pedataEversmann oraniensis(Lepeletier), 1841 Ha (An), P nigrotarsaWr, 1979 Elaphropoda,P orbifronsLieftinck, 197+ Ha, O nigroaittalaDours, see balneorumLepeletier orientalisMorawitz, 1B7BAn, P (: Po.f,aaiuentris nitidula Dours, 1869 (A") : Exomalopsis(4.- Friese, 1896 fas orientalrsssp.D e62, 464,489) thophoridae; Exomalopsini) according to Tim- ornataGistel, 1857 Un (An), P (450) berlake, 1980 orophilaCockerell, 1910 An, P (: An. pseudorophila niuea(Lepeletier), 1841 Am (An), E (515) Wu, l9B2 n. syn.) (484) niaeata(Friese), 1905 Am (An), E (:An. amphigltnops orotaaae(Saunders), 1904 An (Po), P (484, 486) Cockerell,1933 fas niuealassp.] n. syn.) (438, oschaniniFedtschenko, seefreimuthi F edtschenko 508-5 10) lxrgnnaDours, seerobuila (Klug) (556' 557) niaeicepsFriese, seearequipensis Brèthes pachyodontaCockerell, 1923 An, N (494, 496) niueifaciesHedicke, l9+0 An, P (496) pachypoda C ockerell, see quadrimaculata(Panzer) niaeiaentrasFriese, 1919 [as robustassp.] An, P (466) pacijla Cresson, 1B7BAn, N (--An. carbonaria niueocinda(Smith), 1854 Am (An), P (:An. bi- Cresson, lB79 [dark form] i : An. ignauaCresson, - maculifna Walker, l9Tli :Po. bimnculoszsDalla lB79; Po. infunalis Dalla Torre 1896 [n. name Torre, 1896, n. name for bimaculifua Walker for carbonariaCresson, 1879, not Morawitz, 1876] - female, no. 284; Po.f,auiceps Friese, 1899 [as n. syn. l :An. coraicolorCockerell, 1905 n. syn. albigenusssp.] n. syn.) (498, 5O2r 509-511) [dark form] , :An. subignauaCockerell, 1929 n. niueohirtaFriese, seedispar Lepeletier syn. | :An. pernicisTimberlake, 1951 n. syn.) niuescens(Cockerell), 1936 Am (An), E (:An. (450, 466> microleucaCockerell, 1937 n. syn.) (510) padiolaVachal, 1909 Un (An), E (450) niuosellaPriesner, see cana(Walker) pagdeniLieftinck, 1956 Am, O (513) nonconformaBrooks n. sp., A*, E (438, 444, 496, pahangençasCockerell, seependleburyi (Cockerell) 515, 552, 553, 556) pahangemasMeade-Waldo, see himalajensis noruegicalrlylander, seefurcata (Panzer) (Radoszkowsky) nubana(Cockerell), 1946 Am (An), E (504) palestinençasHedicke, seeplumipes (Pallas) nubica(Lepeletier), 1841 Am (An), EP (:An. pallescensMorawitz, 1895 Un (An), P (450) congoensisFriese, 1909 fas nubicassp.] n. syn.) pallida (Timberlake), 1937 Ha (Emphoropsis)n. comb., (506, 5O7) N nubilipennas(Cockerell), 1930 Habrophorula(Ha), O pallidicinctus Cameron, see aestitaSmith nubiterraeViereck, see tuminalis Cresson palmipesRossi, seeplumipes (Pallas) nudn(Radoszkowsky), 1BB2Elaphropoda (An) n. pamirica Hedicke, see robusta(Kl"S) comb., O, ( : Ha. moelleriBingham, lB97 n. syn.) pamiricolaHedicke, seeplagiata (Illiger) nudataProvancher, see terminalisCresson paradoxaBrooks n. sp., Am, E (438' 506' 516, nurranaCockerell, 1931 An, E (496) 552-554, 556) obesaGiraud, see balneorumLepeletier (557) paranensaiHolmberg, 1903 An, T (:An. paranensis :An. obscurellaAlfken, seefurcata (Panzer) Holmberg, 1887, nomennudum; saltensis obscuriceps(Friese), 1905 las circulalassp.] A* (An), E Holmberg, 1903 n. syn.i:An. hirpexVachal, (:An. grisellaCockerell, 1932 n. syn.) (504) 1904)(466,46S) obscurusFriese, seehoaa (Saussure) parapulchra(Rayment), l9+7 Am (An), A (511) obscurusFriese, seeretusa (Linnaeus) parhypateLieftinck, 1975 Am, O (511) obsoleta(Illiger), 1806 (A") nomennudum parietinaFabricius, seeplagiata (Illiger) (478r 489) obtusispinaWu,1982 An, P (478) pascoensisCockerell, see morrisoni(Cresson) occidentalisCresson, 1869 An, N (45O, 478) passaini Sichel, seetarsala (Spinola) occipiteMorawitz, seepedata Eversmann patruelisCockerell, 1931 An, O (460) occultaHedicke, 1938 An, P (496) pauperataWalker, lBTl Un (An), P (450) ochroleuca(Pérez), lB79 Am (An), P (504, 5O5) pedataEversmann, 1852 An, P (:An. occipiteMor- :An. octomaculatusFriese, seeocularas (Saussure) awitz, 1B7Blas pedatassp.l n. syn.) 'uV s{oto1t1t : l[.dss aonyo( w] ,ge.repo3 'uV .u] .uz(s .u ,z1rne.rotr 0Z6y roJ erueu ?681 tr DuDtssDIDqt'uV- i[.dss aonpo{ ,gera1co3 'uV: .u ,z1rlnerotr\l wl I 16I xaflrys !.uz(s gBB1 sa(1Êy tuosîDm'uV: ![.dss ,llereTf,oC 'uV: .u an.raç.ro{w] ç06I !.uds ?BB1 d>lsivroTzsop€lIt4tmasoqnlu oan{twas'uV:) ,rV ,1a-ra1co3 'uV .u N 006t aoraT,ro( : !.ur(s 0BB1,21rl"terotr11 sa(nq{wts q4utrrsoToutï"rnw ,laraTJoC 'uV: .u ,erro; eas uoua(o{ !.ur(s [.dss ou4atn( sel LLU "lleçl 'ua8qlnlg ,(16-06:ç? 'uV: @tù Lg6I T ueTJIv tou ttluaqts !.uls .u ,o>luaqf,slpedwtuornl .loruotug ç/By /v\er^eu ur qsrl8ug olul 'uV: .u ,srnoq potelsuerl) !.ur(s [.dssou4auro{ s"] 6981 -Z9I:çl .zoqg- .lourolug ,9961 ,eteteurouod 'uV-, .u ,regaeqrs-r.IJrrreH tgf oaraunooln{ t.uds 0tB1 tzlzoToloa'uv 'u 'Uy 'SlOOrg 'uV: JoJ eru?u 4 zDLltOu.touo{ Dslilta lçgty dorc.rnod ]ou ,t611 ,snrcrrqeg (mrlp6) suotrtnun{ aas ,gara>1co '(o11faya) ,(retrlg) 3 suo{ttUod nutTatn{sQV-) d uV 9081 o1ofo1d , @Oç (z1givrero141)aerrrps eâs d-resco141sunldld 'v 'asarrg .uV= $tv) OgV) ('ur(s ZZ,6I ontnol :glg1 dresto141 (sep4) sa{twn1daas ,pue49 nsuafiuoylsîuyd 'uv: .u ,UUetUSJA^g Dsoîunaoî !.uds zç81 D?JAut' (ra8r111)oTnpo1d aos ,âsertg opaso1yd 'uV: :Zçgy 'uueursJe^g .uV: .u ,z1ri'retoy11osopd syîas !.uds I1BI ztrmeJotrtr ?tyspm?qa{ oas 'rarlalada-I D{nruV: lunpnu ,ratrgl ,(uV) ,sadsal uataou90BI (Oçù a un Bç81 osolld ,uV ,rar1a1ada1 'lg, ,OVV) sa(quapo17pa747:) d ItBl oÊopo( (gçp (rnnna) sa(tun1daâs ,snrclrq".tl sadlfd (Ogf) snonual '9961 ,reuaqtlntr luoruareld tnq ry a8rage-I dq faeprroqdoçuy)Dnens- (rv) ç06r,rl|ijitirfuO o\ltdotlag .I '(,rV) ,srnoq 'aserrg ,uV: o] perraJsu"r] un 6981 otqd (ggf) (çZO1 sa(u1o :gOO1,uoraue3 'ggt 'tgv-ltr 'ovr) 'uV:) ,rV ,pre1ce4 6gv-tç? ao1oqconï J 698I suo{tpd ('u(,('s'u ,snlelsnoruor^etr ['dss ?auna.tatase] Lç6I tr (zlyvreroy11) sput octt7tu aas, o>1uârlrstpâdstu.to c1 cld 'uV: .u oco1t(û t.uIs [.dss annaraeD 6vç-tss s€l 'olcrpe1gg-nsuautTsap( .uV: .u 'Tgf '6I?,6V? rggV) ,uV .ds .u 9g61 !.uds [.dss N $loorfl aoqacntld lantoor?tosel ,garalcoO .uV: ,V6t) ,(oa) ,(garalroD) Z,Z6I nsuauoqszl l.uds @eV N uV 8681 xouatld 'u raruoorato ,eserrg .uV: 'n14doîtae 'rauaqcltr\tr ['dss se] ZZ6I suDuna a tgil a8ragel oToxa( .u 'puer]g .uV: ry !'uds t[6I srcua7uottlsùuld !.uds Gav 'u anroaratosel g16I ,æTJIV .uV: ,VAV) ,uV ,geraqroC ['dss Dtrcrar?ru! N [.dss Dunes"] ç061 qyldowd !'uz(s 'u aruooraeosef ,rcTJIV 'uV 'z1ru,etotr41 ['dss tI6I Dtntptutp (gef) d 1BBI nuasnya{ 'uV: ,ç06I :0101 ur ure8e /v\auw pâqrrJseppu€ (Ogf) gllnrfl ststopnln{aas ,ra8r111o1ouoaa{ 'zata4 'uV: .u Jo.tos !.uds [.dss ranlnantose] 968I (8"U) osoutn{ aas 'garâTroC unrocrsn{ 'asarrg 'od- .u sa(1â7u !.ur(s un"toa^tacose] d>1sr*oïzsop€lr aes d>lsrvrolzsopsa 'asarrg [.dss lnarlels oclaa( n7tu 'od - !.uds .u un"toauco 968I [.dss sef (l I g) (.uz(s 'asarrgsa(1q1n 'od- .u 'u ,]uetuded 968I !.uds [.dss anrouraeo ['dss n"n1c1n{tadsel Ln6I onntnnnm w] ,srnoq .uV: ,rlllïus 'uV:) '(rV) ,(tueuÂe6) 6981 sualonbs :tçgl V *V onlqn{ta( 'uV: .u ,qtltus Li6I Dlnsonxa l.ur(s [dpo apruag] ,çBI rerlaladol sa(tsso^tees,l.1srrro>lzsopeg oxa1dad 'uV: .u ,rerleladrT .uV: opels !.uds I?B; o1ouua{ (egf) uosserD stlnutwra,ees ,uossar3 o"t7lun( 'u 'rar1e1ede1 .uV: !'uds I?81 oo1n{o^t7ru :Z,An uossarC ot{tco( aas 'a1elrâqtulJ slcyta( 'rsso'11sa{1uyn( sldV_ :rcLI ,}srrq3 'uV 'rausarr4 sa$nt sTdV: Geù d Lç61 o1n"t1sry"ra( 'snrcrr -. ,snrcrrqeg :tg L1 qeil Drust?qouatpuv :ç t ty $ev sadtfd sldv - '(tldV) uv '(selp 'VeV) ,garo>1roC ) d Z,LU 6) sa{ryn1d (['dss aouoTua{s"] /06y Dlryeult (rerreledel) o4ruttoltD 'uV: ,gara>1cog âas,snrrlrqsd sa{tun1d l['dss aouroTt.ta(s"] I06it ns^ta{sn1ut (Trlplrt.ra3 ieeprroqdoqtuv) ,ralsratu 'uV:) 'rV ,lera1co3 gLBf N ['dss Dunt w] iç061 aowo1ura( -rng ,opoqrrg ''quroc nlDrnw st.ttua)- (rV) g68I onlnunld g 'rr ("V) n1au(qcDd ,(esarrg) {anflut"ra( '(uV) ,z1rnrerotr 116I (Oçf) a un t6B 1 tr,[aqqd 'qV 'z1r*retoy11ga"ra( ,OgV) ,uV $tù d ç68I ,elepaqurll gwld 'uV 'gare>1co kgf N Iç6I Qeù g 9+6ï 3 o1tpn{ ,eH ,>1curl;er1 '(rtt) ,(garelco3) O iL6T on{Uuo1d O opo(o"n1do1g oTout"roc"ra( 'uV ,zate4 0t6t @tù d ç68I ocuo1d (lrs) (OCf) 'un ,a>1crpa11 'u ,tuerude;g d ffi6l ncnapûo1d ('uds ['dss np"rasson{se] &il ull?luasso 'BLi ,lLV) (.uds .u 'uV:) '(rV) ,(rueudeA) GgV [.dss Dntlrrarltln{sel Z86I V -V Lt6I nyassou{ 'nM .ùV: .u nsuao(n1u?llq !.uds [.dss oul\ayo( (snaeuurl) osn4atoas 'la1srcg sa(ruua( s"l 'a>lcrpagDeluu?slnDq.uV: .u 'rer1e1ada1 0?61 !.ur(s [:dss (rnnna) sa{nan1daes o1ouua( ,e{rlpa1g- .uV ouryatn(sel ffi6I DuDq1DpDI _ !.uz(s (ruuacng 'u ,a>1erpay1 .uV- ['dss DuDquDqIse] Bt61 ountpoqt iaepr-roqdoqruy) Dntng- ("V) ,esarrg o1optcrua{ .u ,eTtlpaH ç06I !'ur(s ['dss ouqat.ro(se] Ig6I Dloclr! (src) G+or -aDd 'uV: !.uds .v '1cur1gar1 'uV- ,opp111-epeetrAtr L2,61dlsuretn-.rrozleuzny saqfu"n1ruD ) ttOt ]ou ,oouJzuts'uv= .rr ,aSaugollasop{ '['dss 'gare>1roC .uV !.uds 616; strDlnsu se] LZ61 nsua7uotlDd 'uV: .u ,1ere>lroC 'u 'O !.uds [.dssDuDquDrlI seJ roJ ârueu '(rV) *V ,(lare1cog) tûnqa1pua( 'uV- I16I 6?,6I Dpîuar,aoJ?D !.uds .u ,lleJâ{JoD DuDquDrll1 'eH '>lcurtgarl 'uV: 016I O +L6I o1ou7a( !.ur(s .u ,eserrgao"tauqcl{ .uV: 'garâTroC 8061 r{}lutrrsnqoutï.rou.r ees lualad !'uds 'u 'ureqturg taunqepd .uV: .u 'dlsnoT€ssnC 4681 !.uz(s (çgO1 snutptn( w] ,asarrg .od- 'DH 'eH ,ga.relcog ['dss /6By suacsat7tu l.uds oerumlsDlo - ) O I 16I nsuauqa{ 'u ,aserrg .od ['dss sa(p11dw1.sse] 968I ratD?taas - Ggr) :[Ogg1 'zlrnrerotr (769 ,z1rtvwrotr 'u ,aseug [ ]ou 1 trsafi41(w1s ('uds ['dss o1opa{wJ 6161 oaco{ocso"rflru

NrJg-I'Infl scNgIDS SVSNVX .{O ÀrISUgArNn sHJ OLç SySTeuATICS AND PgyTOGENY OF THE ANTuoPHoRINB BnnS 57r

Michener, 1936 n. syn. i :An. utahensisMichener, O (: An. cyaneotinctaCockerell, 1920 n. syn.) (497 , 1936 fas chloroprssp.] n. syn.) (438, 463-466) 502, 504,509) posticaVachal, 1910 An, E (496) quadricinctaFabricius, l79B (Apit) - Halictus (Halic- potanini(Morawitz), lB90 Am (Ar),P (515) tidae) praecoxFriese, 1909 las krebsissp.] At, E (-Ar. quadricinctaEversmann, seeeaersmannii (Dalla Torre & praecoxFriese, 1911 las wartmannissp.]; Friese Friese) (1911) said he originally intended to describe quadricolor(Erichson), 1840 An (Megilla), P (-An. praecoxas ssp. of wartmanniand not krebsi; : An. atrifronsSmith, 1854 n. syn.) :An. rectangula aliceaeCockerell, 1932 n. syn.) (489' 492) Costa, 1863i :An- smithiiDours, 1869 n. syn'; preissi(Cockerell), 1910 Am (An), A (:An. froggatti :An dorsimaculaDufo:.r, nomennudum by Dours, : -- Cockerell, 1914 [aspreissi ssp.] n. syn.) (515) 1869; An. manni Mocsâry, 1BB3; Megilla gallica pretiosaFriese, 1919 lasfuluitarsis ssp.] An, P (466) Dalla Torre & Friese, 1895 [n. name for An. smithii priesneriAlfken, 1932 An, P (486) Dours, 1869, not Cresson,1869] n. syn. i :An. proboscifuaLieftinck, 1956 A-, O (513) pseudosiculaHedicke, 1929 [n. name for sicula proceraCosta, seesubturanea Getmar Smith, 1854, male only] n. syn.) (476) proserpinaGribodo, see himalajemas(Radoszkowsky) quadrifasciata(de Villers), l7B9 Am (Apis), P (:Megilla proximaMorawitz, 1894 An, P (496) scalarisllliger, 1806, nlmen nudum,n. syn.; prshewalskiiMorawitz, 1BB0An, O (:An. pilosa - Megilla fuliginosa llliger, 1806, nomennudunt, tr. Morawitz, lBB0) (47O, 474, 476) syn. [red form] i = An. maderaeSichel, 1867 [red :An. pruinosaSmith, 1854 An, P (--An. stefaniiPérez, 1902 form] i :An. albescensDours, 1869 n. syn. i n. syn.) (464) meruensisRadoszkowsky, 1893; : An. farinosa Al- pseudobasalisStrand, seearmatu Friese fken, 1926 n. syn. ', : An' mediterraneaAlfken, 1927 : pseudobomboides(Meade-Waldo), 1914 Am (An), O n. syn. [red form] i An. tenerifensasCockerell, (:A*. bombiomorphaWu, 1983 n. syn.) (512' 513) 1930 fas quadrifasciatassp.] n. syn. [dark form]; p seudo coccina Meade-Waldo, see africana (Friese) = An. litoranaPriesner, 1957 n. syn. i : An. klugi pseudorophilaWu, see orophilaCockerell Priesner, 1957 [n. name for An. farinosaAlfken, pseudosiculaHedicke, seequadricolor (Erichson) (556) 1926,not Klug, 1845] n. syn.) (449-453, 456, pubescens(Fabricius), lTBl An (Apis), P (: Apit grisea 503-505) P ( -Apis Christ, l79l) : An. f,abelliferaLepeletier, 1841; quadrimaculata(Panzer), l79B An (Apis). --An. l79l; -APis labronigroLebedev, 1932 fas pubescansssp.] uulpinaPanzer, 1798, not Christ, --An.mixta Lepeletier, 1841 numennudum; :An. flabellipesLichenstein, 1871) subglobosaKirby, 1802; -- ', : (470,489) n. syn. ; An. uaraLepeletier, 1B4l n. syn. An. pulcherrimaBingham, seeplagiata (Illiger) segusinaGribodo , 1873 n. syn. i :An. pachypoda :An. pulcherrinmY,{u, 1985 Elaphropoda,O Cockerell, 192+ fas uulpinassp.] n. syn.l pulchra(Smith), 1854 Am (An), A (:An. townleyella alticolaHedicke, 1931 [as uulpinassp.] n. syn.) Rayment, l9+7 las pulchlassp.] n. syn.) In the (438, 485, 486) British Museum the female type of An. pulchra quadristrigataDours, seecrassipes Lepeletier Smith, B. M. Typ. Hy-. 178666a, is not the type quinquefasciata Provancher, see califurnicaC resson according to D. Baker. The type was apparently raddeiMorawitz, 1876An, P (476,489) repinned and lost and the specimen in its place is radoszkowskii(Dalla Torre), 1896 Ha (Po), O, r. name Am. niaeocinda(Smith) (511). for Ha. montanaRadoszkowsky, 1BB2, not An. pulsellaDours, 1869 Un (An), T (450) montanaCresson, 1869 puluerea(Walker), lB7 | Am (An), P, see note under radoszkowsfuiiFedtschenko, 1875 An, P (466r 486) salaiae(Morawitz) (5 15) radouae(Saussure), 1890 Pachymelus(Ha) n. comb., E pulaerosaSmith, 1854 An, P (:An. futssinoidesBenoist, rapida(Smith), lB79 Am (An), E (515) 1950n. syn.) (492) raui Rohwer, seebomboides KirbY punctata(Rayment), 1931 Am (Asaropoda),A (515) rectangulaCosta, seequadricolor (Erichson) punctifrons(Walker), lB7 | Am (An), P ( : An. medi- regalis(Cockerell), 19+6 Am (An), E (506) cnrumCockerell, 1910 n. syn.i :An. politifrons reichardtiStadelmann, 1B9BPachymelus, E (-An. Cockerell, 1946 n. syn.) (504) determinalaFriese, 1905 n. sYn.) punctilabrisPérez, lB79 An, P (464) reinigi Hedicke, see latigenaMorawitz puttalama(Strand), 1913 las zonatassp.l A- (An), O repletaDours, 1869 Un (An)' P (450) (510,511) retusa(T,innaeus), 1758 An (Apis). P ( -Apis pennipes pygmaeaGussakovsky, seeg'Ltr.ça kouskyi (Popov) Forster, 1770, nomennudum; :APis aestiualisPantzer, -- pygmaeaDours, 1869 Un (An), T (450) 1801; - Afis haworthanaKirby, 1802; An. inter- pltgmaeaMeade-Waldo, 1914 An, E (: An. torridella mediaLepeletier, 1841; -Megilla monachaBrichson, Meade-Waldo, l9l4 n. syn. i : An. natensisCock- 1849 n. syn. i :An. ruthenicaMorawitz, lB71 n' erell, 1935n. syn.) (492) syn. ) :An. meridionalisPérez, lB79 las retusassp.] pyralitarszsDours, see ursinaCressson n. syn. i : Po. obscurusFriese, 1896 las retusu'rssp']; - :An. pyramidalrsKirby, seealbigena (Lepeletier) Po. sareptanusFriese, 1896 las retususssp.]; :An. furofugaDours, 1869Un (An), E (450) retusifurmr^rCockerell, 1911 n. syn. i fasciata :An. pltrozonalaDours, 1869 Un (An), T (450) Alfken, 1913 las retusassp.] n. syn.; n. syn'; quadrata(Cockerell), 1911 [as albigezassp.] A- (At)' baicalensisHedicke, 1929 las aestiaalesssp.] (3çù '@tt@aW) ,retr11 a un 9081 sqruas (sneeuurl) osnTa^taes ,z1rrvrurotr ,rV ,zata4 tr Drzuau?ru kgù Dlnr?uas (gare1co d Z06I 3) napslîslq ees,gera>1coC Dulsslràgu (3,çù '(uV) un ,qllurs 'uV O B/BI ,cauas (ggf) d 1BBI d>lsrvro>1zsope.l{oso7n.t (Ogf) (['dss suoesauas '(uV) ,srnoq s"J 698I (Oçf) I un o1ouozo{n"t 'srnoq D?p!o!.uV:) ,rV 6981 d Ing;,rarleladrl ,unrruæ (Zef ,lef) (.ur(s .u gi61 ,gara>1coC (çlç) g ,(rV) wV ,(eser-r .uV:) ,rV ZZil g.) nsualoilauas opnotfil.ds g gt6I ,ga.ra1cog ory1oioSru (gara>1coC)ourtctnp ,nsleurnse1 ees ?Drlouas ,Z6i) (.uds .u uu?rusre^g ,oluarloslped 'gara>1co1 Qgg 8g6I olqnp aes tn(was D?orouoq.uV- l.uz(s .u ,gara>1ooC ,gli ,glV) .u ,uaTJlV Zt61 @ZV (.ur(s 0t6I Dtzloutorrlt'uv: i.uds .u ,esarrg ,(oa) I161 suqDlrtmarD o(ocs4a1n{'uV:) rV ,(asarrg) 'uV: .u ,eserrg .uV: a 868I iS"il*r, !.uds ç061 :gtgt '(uv) 'dlsrvro>1zsop€ll lsqaq (çls) sa puu ,698I ,srnoq ,(q wnpnu uaaou utrrv['dss oîotcsurtryrnbwJ ,(srnoql ,*uqn(lwas 'laqcls .uV: ,.rV ,srnoq 6ggy ttuasmarp ) tr 698I oTnun1o{n.t (p1gù 'GldV) un ,snrcrrqe{Dpnunaas a IB/y râTfe6 o7[1cu1aes ,osertg suguaa{nt (snaeuulT) DSnîaJaas ,lsrouag ntîtutruas '€H 'nM d g86I sa{{nt (aserrg) s(actpuotî ,garr1"o3 aes rrry,ri1*, (rnnna) sa(uun1deas ,1srrq3 sa{{nt (çlg) ,(uV) ,(rar1a1ada1) 6'quroc .u g urv I?81 sa{{nt (sts(o"rottdwg)eH ,(gara>1roC),orfi*r, ç061 (lare>1co3) wn"tolazuztees,o>luaqcstped nu"toc{n.t '(uV) ,(srnoq) ,,î (çlC) O urv 698y sru"roc{nt ,asarrg (JHiT:?"i':K;;; ; 1#â'"t #,i; kgù (.uds.u I161 tîsqnq.uV:) (retr111)o1oûqd âes ,esârrg rapruns '([cls] ,(uorourcD) g snt.rolopo4)uV ç061 stpnot{nr, (Oçf) '(uV) vn ,Â>lsuretn-,roz1âuzny ,(uV) a LZil mounaas (çtç) ulv ,(asarrg)suacsa{nt ,uV ,rausarr4 V I16I Geù d Lç61 o?raps rarlaladal o"t7opo(aas ,rarlalede-I D{u (tazue1) oqo1ncotu1rymboas ,opoqlrg iurrrùæ ,(opo(o"rosv) ,(luaurde1g) (çlC) y tuv Ig6I o{n, rarlaladel ,uu?tusratg o"tînpo{ aas nuflas 'uV ,srnoq snntqn.t ,uV ,lara>1co3 @gù d 698I @Aù g tt6l nsua"{as (çlC) (.uz(s ( (.uds .u ,asorrg 'u ,luarude1g çlù I 16I ['dss o1ontqnr,sel Iç6I DîDruapopodo ono{'uV:) ,(.rV) *V ,(opoqr.r1,) -tosv-) '@po{o"rosv) ,(tueurde6) V t6BI ouwtcs V ary Iç6t oTon^rqn"t dqrlx ,luarvrg saploq?a9çees s!"toile?nes (fOç) (.uIs 'uV ,elourdg 'u ,geralro3 QgV'Ogt) d BSBI sa(t(ocs ['dss sunt?rqntse] 9g61 owo\sop{so g 'rV. ,asaug ?a4lnqrs 'uV:) '(.rV) ,(1a-ra>1co3) Qgf) 6061 g *V Z,g6f suon"rqn"t (t"fX) oulss(q aes ,esarr tnlnulapnruqes '(uV) ,(optn6-epea141) O eH +16I tpuolmo.t (ra8rgf ,arro; o7o1în7deas "lfBCI lryruaqrs (tazue6.) oqn1nntutqeas ,tezue1 Dppunîor ,raErIIl (srap4 ep) oqotcn{t^rponbaas syolzrs (re1la1ede1)nalnnoeqns aes,uoretu"C .u ,o>lueqrslped z{auqqt, (fOç) (.uds ç4By ,rqi1ruAr* 'uV=) ,(rV) (gçç'gtr *V ,(rarlaladol) ûufuoos 'Zgf) .u (llerâ{roC a I?BI (.uds ['dss npumaotffi] 0g6I (Oçf) '(rV) un ,asa\rl 'uV_) ,uV ,rar1a1edo1 O 0161 tnnos tao4auznl d [?81 npuoao.t uu?rusJâl.g Dlqnp ,oluerlJsfpâd ,IgV ,OgV) ,uV ,zlrneto7N aes utnssnos @gV ya{ortuaîo"t ,ZZ,.ou ,g?ç .d ,epureg d Z,LBI keù _tfn:uu lou (tçg'ggt-?gv) '[B 'ou 'tlç .d ,BtB1 ,elourdg .uV sltqop^tgy ro1 ('uIs .u osouûqn{se] ,eTrrpe;gg- 'u '(oa) ,(arro; ['dss It6I DrtD eru?u tr uV el1eq) ,rplopojorw 'uV: .u ,a>1crpa11 9681 t'uds ['dss osoutîqn{se]lgOt (tezue 'uV= 6;) oTolncowqe"s,>lcreurz 1 opo(ons ot1"tluto{ !.uds .u Drynqorse] ,âser [.dss OtOt (snaeuuyl) on4a"teâs rt snuol(ans 'asarrg naco(ocso.tîD'uV- !.uds .u ,(uV) [.dss oçsnqo"tsef (ll9) *V ,(11arer1co sualdos 'osarrg 'uV: .u V ttOt 3) 616I DInpuD !.uz(s [.dss oTrnqotsef 'olç) '(*v) 'aserrg 'uV- ,s_rnoq (rrc o 6I6t DrtD :Ogg1 nauûntta{o"t1n utrrv tpoaqaîlqmseJ ,(ga_ra>1roCt 'uV: .u ,srnoq .uV: ['dss çZ6y szsua.wraDs !'uds 6981 ouofi(xo :gtgt 'eH ,gara>1co1 'secn1 N L6BI wnnrolDs oplnemaotîru'uV: :çtgl ,EnlX osoutùqot (1gV ,BgV , (.ur(s .u ,r{}luls '(rtt@rW) ,(EntX) Æf) ,çBI o17pa7ng- ) d uV o1snqot sad1u1.rc'uV: .u ç?BI l.ur(s ltgy tarleladal wntddlrtd, ,g0g ,BgV) g ,urv .ds .u 'V- ,.qruor .u Gfç-nç $[oorg aouqo,t ) d (sntsoù uV ,(tezue6;)-)om1ns 'uV ,1are>1coJ ?0BI (gef) O I16I lqqor 'ggi-tgv 'ggv) 6'qtuoc Ggv .u (sts(o"rotldug)BH ,(reuarplry) .u ']anrsnq .uV: 9t61 ,Ioro, ('uz(s 626; ao17îyî !.ur(s .u ,OgV) 'zata1 'uV:) ,uV ,trgd @Og eualdld ç68I onîtqun A ç69I rlllÀ\ cgrcadsuor ,re11e6 '(opo(orDsv) lpnoay sr 1nq oa"taaln(;oaddl (çlC) y ulv ,(tuaurÂe11)aorlet"t 'oN ,ILBI Iç6I anrt eqt lou sl ç0gg/I HNI te{FM DIDIneDratq ,rcrUIV .uV ig Qeù d'uV ['dss sel Bt6I stsuaoqtt,t nanoqn{ pe11eqeladft aql t61g1 d-resco141 'uV:) (gef) QgAl,slelraqurlJ sueflfl '(tv) *v gLBr'(zluvreroyl) 'uV:) ,rV ,reueqcrlN a nla1ns o1outî.tnua N 9t6I tcotoryopotl"t (lf ,(uV) ,(11ara>1roC) '(uV) ç) V urv ç061 lnryDs (çlC) tuv ,(garepo3) outu(csopotl"t ,FraqurloH V ç06y traqulog stsuauoto(aas stsuailDs g 'uV ,opleg-âpeâtrAIaDlsapoq"t 'f6V) 'uV ,a>lepeqrull keù +16I @AV N Lg,6f aDtrDzDIDs (snaeuurl) nsn\a"teas,garoTroC sltutofinya^t 'uV ,z1rr,eto1h1tflatua7os ,Ofb ,ggf) .u GZù d SBBI Qgf-Ogt (.uz(s [.dss DrleDunu (snrcrrqeg,) ocyn(s1? ,s.rnoq 'e^rrereuouod .u/- âes otn([,t $szl/961 Dttroelaqtg !.ur(s .u 'vst)(erar stlooqsaosef 'a1crpa11 .uV: 'zlrutetolNounpout @gv ['dss Ig6I oelDID !.ur(s -uV=) ,srnoq 'u ,tsrouag .uV- d,uV 6981 suoffir ['dss Dsnptse] 0g61 oâyu1tuas

Nrrs-r'rnfl scNsrDS SVSNVX dO ^rrsus^rNn sHJ ZLç SysrpuATrcs AND PHyrocENY oF THE ANtHoPHoRINn Bnns 573 senilisEversmann, 1846 An, P (:An. aetulaEvers- squalidaLepeletier, see bimaculata(Panzer) -- mann, I 852; An. eaerstrunnrRadoszkowsky, I 869) sqturmmulosaDours, 1869 An, NT (:An. curta (462) Provancher, 1895 n. syn.) :An. melanopsCock- senilisWalker, see aegyptiaca(Dalla Torre & Friese) erell, 1926 fas curta ssp.l n. syn. | =An. ensenadmsis sngia (Nurse), 1904 An (Po) , O (464) Cockerell, 1941 las curtassp.l n. syn.) (489' 49O, sesquicinda(Erichson & Kltg), lB+2 Am (Megilla), O 494, 496) (-- Apis bicinctaFabricius, 1793, not Schrank, lTBl; stanfordianaCockerell, see bomboidesKirby --An. indicaRadoszkowsky, 1BB2n. syn.) (438, stantoni(Cockerell), 1911 fas zonatassp.l Am (An), O 499, 503, 505, 557') (511) shafryella(Rayment), 1947 Arn (At),A (511) stefaniiPérez, seepruinosa Smith shagrensisPriesner, 1957 An, P (492) strauchiFedtschenko, 1875 An, P (462) shestakoarGussakovsky, 1935 An, P (496) stschurooskyiFedtschenko, see cinnascemLepeletier sibiricusGussakovsky, seeterminalas Cresson subaequ"a(Kohl), 1905 An (Po), P (496) sicheliiRadoszkowsky, 1868 An, P (:An. pnsica subcarinalaBenoist, see balneorumLepeletier Radoszkowsky, 1876; : An. dimidiozonataDours, subcoerulea(Lepeletier), 1B4l Am (An), O (=An. 1869; - Po. cnnnetcusNurse, 1904 n. syn.) (460, lucknoaiensrsRadoszkowsky, 1BB2n. syn.i :An. --An.amolita 464) rothneyiCameron, 1897 n. syn.; sichuanensrs(Wu), 1987 An (AnthomegillQ,O (484) Cockerell, 1911 n. syn.) (502, 5O4) sichu,anemesWu, l9B7 Ha, O subflaaescensYasumatsu, seedulcifna (Cockerell) sicula Smith, seeplumipes (Pallas) (556) subglobosaKirby, see quadrimaculata(Panzer) siewersiMorawitz, lB76 An, P (486, 489) subglobulosaProvancher, seeterminalis Cresson signataBrooks n.sp.An, N (438,448,478,479, subignauaCockerell, seepacifica Cresson 4gl, 499, 519, 535-539) subinsularùStrand [as insularisssp.] Am (An), listed by simbana(Cockerell), 1936 Am (At), E (515) Cockerell, 1919, but original description not found simia Dours, 1869 Un (An), origin unknown (450) (497, 5t3) similisFedtschenko, 1875 An, P (486) submicansGussakovsky, 1935 An, P (496) simillima Cresson, see ursina Cresson subrussata(Cockerell), 1925 Am (An), E (513) simplexMorawitz, seeplagiata (Illiger) subsaltni(Rayment), 1947 Am (At), A (511) simplicipesMorawitz, seeplagiata (Illiger) subserricornisMorawitz, 1894 An, P (496) sinensisAlfken, 1937 Ha, O subtarsataCockerell, see califtrnica Cresson sinensisWu, seewuu Brooks subtnraneaGermar, 7826 An, P (: Megilla chrysopoda sinensis(Wr), 1982 An Clisodon,P (489) Illiger, 1806 n. syn., nomennudum; :Megilla sintntitarsasFriese, see uestitaSmith decrepitallliger, 1806 n. syn. , nomennudum; :An. sjoestedti(Friese), 1909 Am (An), E (--An. sjostedti nigrocinctaLepeletier,1841 n. syn.', :At laticincta Friese,1909) (515) Dours, 1869 n. syn.) :An. procuaCosta, 1BB3n. smirnouiKuznetzov-Ugamsky, seeplagiata (Illiger) syn. i :An. flauescemGribodo, 1893 fas nigrocincta smithii Cresson, see montanaCresson ssp.]n. syn.) (457, 460, 462, 557) smithiùDours, seequadricolor (Erichson) subtenanrzGistel, see dalmatiensæ(Strand) socia(Klug), 1845 Arn (Meg;llo), P (505) subtonida(Cockerell), 19+6 Am (An), E (515) sodalisCresson, see bomboidesKirby sumatranaLieftinck, 1956 Am, O (513) soikaiBenoist, 1961 An, E (492') supnansWalker, lBTl An, P (472, 474, 476) so litaria Rado szkowsky, seefemorata (Olivier) supnbaFriese, seeepichariftrmis Gribodo solitariaRitsema, see bomboidesKirby suprafmea(Cockerell), 1946 Am (A.), E (504) solskliFedtschenko, 1875 An, P (476) sutepensisCockerell, 1929 Ha, O somalica(Magretti), 1B9BAm (Po), E (:An. unicincta suuorzeaiMorawitz, IBBB An, P (462) Friese, 1922 n. syn.) (5O2,505) sybilae(Rayment), 1944 Am (At), A, publication date sordida(Rayrnent), 1931 Am (Att), A (515) is not l9+2 (512) sordidula(Rayment), 1931 Am (An), A (515) syriacaFriese, 1922 An, P (476) sornr Mocsâry see micrelephasSmith syringaeCockerell, see taminalis Cresson sororPérez, seeplumipes (Pallas) tadzhicaPopov, 1948 Ha, P snror Pérez, see imitatrix Cockerell tainanaStrand, seecalceifera (Cockerell) speciosaFriese, seedispar Lepeletier (465) tainanicola(Strand), 1913 Ha (At), O (: Ha. maiella sperryiCockerell, see terminalisCresson Lieftinck, 197+ las tainanicolassp.] n. syn.) talaris(Pérez), 1895 Am (An), P (504) spilostoma(Camero.), 1905 Am (Podalarius[sic]), E (504) 4- tarsalisPriesner, 1957 An, P (492) spinicaudaCockerell, see rufoaestitaCockerell tarsata(Spinola), 1B3BHa (Tbtralonia),P (: Habrophora :An. spinacoxaBrooks n. sp., Ar, P (438, 470, 540, 541) fsic! ezonatuSmith, 1854; passuini Sichel, spinipes(Friese), 1899 An (Po), P (476) 1856) (447) spinitarsisWu, 1982 An, P (484) tarsataDours, seecalifurnica Cresson (557) spinolanaPriesner, 1957 An, P (460, 462) tarsidensFedtschenko, lB75 An, P (476) :Melitoma spodiaDours, 1869 Un (An), T (450) taureaSay, 1837 (An) (Anthophoridae; sponsaSmith, see abrupta Say Emphorini) ( =An. fulaifrons Smith, 1854) squalensDours, seeplumipes (Pallas) tauricaFriese, seepodagra Lepeletier 'g?g 'g6t 'z.rreJerrrouo Q,gg (snezuurl) osn4atoes d oe!,tatlaqtsl 'Z6t 'gVf) 'u 'gare>1f,oC 'uV: 'uV 'zlrtvwtotrN ('uds Ig61 aoû6 @tù d BBBI DtlntuDIlto.tî 'u 'esarrg 'uV- .u t'uz(s 9Z61 stsJunîDnus !'uds (rurracng laepr.roqdoqt 'esarrg 'I16I 'esarrg 'uV 'elourdg [çOO1 lou s{acqn1 ro1eru?u -uV) Dnpptzsollf- ("V) IçBI o7o8u7st.r7 'ul 'asagg 'uV- 'u 'u 'gerelroC ç16y s{aq1(wo !'uds tI6I (lW) ('uz(s ç061 owtsstsoîn.tsys(o 'gara>1co1 'uV: .u 'asarrg 'u '1ara>1cog otltsaaoantï !.uds I16I -nq{ug: !'ur(s ç0OI osn{stayutns{o 'uV: 'u 'uo.ranreJ 'urro; 6'quloru s(acgoy !'uds 9061 snpuzi -totldwg-) N {rep (ns{oroqdwg) -lplllDd 'uV 'q]luls '(1ara1co3) [crs] snr.rzlDpo1-) g tgBI Dtltsaa eH ['dss stloura{ryw] ?06I owtsstlstrt 'ztrtrerotr{ '(epodoreg) '(2erc4) @tù s1oorg Dqlartsaaâes ot!îsaa (Zeù 4 uV 996 1 oyoauqt.tT 'uV 'd1sr'ro>lzsope)I (11era>1coJ)olnftf,za ees'lararlcoC Dpqtîsao (gef) d 9BBI ogotcsorttT 'uV 'asarrg 'uV 'rauser-r4 (ggf) I ç2,6I rolot?sna Qeù d Lç6I pllaruzput '(od) '(asarrg) IIeJa>[coCouo?soqtumc ees' ge.ralco3 t(ou.taa QAù dg tV GGBI Dtvruaput 'uV 'zlrrrero1N 'ggt 'ggf) 'uossat3 QSù d B/BI stlDuna Ggç (ef g1 n3ru1 'leueqcltr4t 'uV: 'uds 'u 'snrcrrqeg (arro; BIFçJ) tntlssan ees stlDquaa i[urrog Tæp] t0B1 o7t6tu 'eH 'nM '(oua"rpuy) '(snrcuq"d) d tB6I o1n{ocnquaa oyûaytg-) I uV çLL1 nloetrt 'u 'srnoq 'asarrg @gù ('uds 6981 sorllaJg nsua(mbat?ees Dputettl 'uV:) 'rV 'rer1a1ade1 'esettg o1nqcutcotïru d I?BI sltqvl!îuaa Ier{Je sllasJzpees DaoJîlcttl 'geraTroC 'uV 'a>1crpa11 (3.U) otnuol aas stltqonuao (gef) d 0t6I sn(ot1ct.t1 '(uV) '(eserrg,) 'u 'llera>lroC (OtC) g tuv 6061 ou4nlaa (gOg) ('ur(s tt6I Duonpl '(uV) '(o>luaqcslpeg) 'uV:) '(rV) '(11ara1co3) (Olg) dO -V çIBI Dutsstrol?o g -V 9g6l on{t1nïuot.tl '(ueq8qg) 'luaurdn1 (llç) O'(uV) urv 968I n4afiao (qll*S) o"rqqn(aas opaû1umoy rerlelede-I DqlDoqDaes 'asrnp sn?îapao ople16-ap"âtr^trnartafi(d eas'opp14-epeâtrAl DnaPlrrlt '(uV) 'z1rl'rerol4tr 'qltrug, (Oçf) a un t6B 1 sa(n.rna (rar1e1ada1)sua1oc aas Dplrrlt 'rs8r11 '(tV) '(rausay6,) anpnu uautou(rnQrW) 908I rolottna (çlç) a urv Iç01 nsuatog (t"U"a) sa(tun1daes 'asorril suDzroo (srnoq) snaqsa{aâs 'esâtJtroslruauot (rezue6) oTo1ncoup"tprnbees'.rar1 a1ade1 o"to n rarleladal oâopol aes 'drescotr41osoîuataol 'Zgt 'OgV) 'uV 'e>lelraqurlJ 'tueurdell (ggç N Iç6I ouïruuoa (1araryo1) nauoûonrut aas opaûysuty '(uV) '(1ara>1roC) 'gereTJoC (fOC) g urv gt61 4s[rapuoa Ilera{roC aouo1tn{ aas opttuxî 'rgt'o}t 'npo(o.rqdoru '.M Ggg 4 6LGf szsuauuqsnwuetl 'BLt 'gLV 'VgV) '(oa) '(1araryoC) 'uV 'z1r*reto1N N uV 9681 urunlloa keù d t6BI sllolqt 'glr) '@pfayfl '(tnty) '(uV) '(ruaurdnU) @tV d uV gtBI o37oa (lf ç) V IuV OgGl ryoofiototlt '.reuaqcrlN 'uV 'sropunes Ilerâ{JoC aa.taun(aes srsueqon (gOf) d ZBBI tulnuoqt 'u '1ara>1co3 (gOf) ('ur(s ['dss npnon$nse] 6t6t IIerâTJoCao.taç.to( aes'garâ{JoC Duotssolaql 'uV:) 'rV '1are>1coJ 'uossaJD nuauxt I Z,16I DpnDtqsn uossâJC nnu"to{t1otaes DuDxal 'uV '1ara4coJ '(uV) '(oPoqlrg) (gOf) d 0g6I Duoînleqsn (COC)a urv t6BI otoruaoprtat , 'u Ggf çgV) ([urro; (ZeV'rcù ('uds 9?6I 'uds 'u 'rauagrll 'garalcoJ 'uV- 'u 'gara>1co3 Trcp] ['dss Dwlnlwls se] 9961 tr DutqoarnD !'uds BSGI 'uV- 'u '1a.ra>1roC 'uV:) 'tV '1ara1coC nsuatutortpt !'uz(s 9061 s(ona uuo4s7utaq g tgGI otuopD.ttzl 'uV: 'u 'uossetC 'uV 'âsetJt !'uds B4B1 D?aqlluts :Oggl âserJdDîDaJD âas Dttot 'srnoQ 'uV-) 'uV 'uosserC 'uV 'z1ruetotrry sls"tDtllor@ N 6981 ousrn (ZgV'l d BBBI sa(tacn4say '(1ara1co3) 'uosqrnrg (ggg'gtç) O'(rV) urv I16I sua.rn (lsmolzsopelJ DI1DUDees Dstat (Ogf '6gV 'BgV 'gg7 'gçV) ([urroy r*ogad-per] 'ur(s (lrc)v 'u 'gare>1roC 'uV: 'uds 'u '(rV) '(11era>1co3) 6t61 loptlu l[uro; pâJ] uulv ['dss nTouozsel0IOI szszaîouut '1ara>1roC 'uV- ['dss aoutlulnese] 6961 Duuuazule (srnoq) nppnniltualnlnDaes'qlrurg, oîDu?ant 'u '1era>1JoC 'uV: !'uds tZ61 oll?uao$oenal !'ur(s (goç) 'u '>luervrï 'uV: 'uds 'o., 'ç 'ou) '(uV) '(r{tltug) 6061 nsuatztqau i[rurol pâr] (? tou g urv GIBI oloutuar 'u 6lleJe{JoC 6llere{JoC '6tt) 'ur(s 'u 668[ aoutlotnt'uV: :g0gl (Ogf-ggt ([ruroy per] ['dss stlDuuahl 'garelroC - 'u snuosozaolD'oA-) N'rV Bl,B1'uosserCDuoqtn s€] /g61 1ûn{s unpostlJ !'uds Zg6[ '(uV) 'srnoq 'd>1s.rro1essnC 'od - 'u 'uepe15 (Oçf) I un 6981 oqoït.rlsrun snt!4qls t'ur(s 016I rueqturg ap, aes 'nM out{srun oyocn{oauuoplstl) - :gOO1'lcararç aaraqzqnu ''qurorrr '(arnssn"S) 'uV: 'u '1ara>1coC 'od- g (ng) snlauf,tlcD10681 nlonun !'ul(s BOBI aoîut.t(s :gggl (1ltar8etr41)on1ouo,s eâs 'asar.rgoputnun 'raqcuenord nsolnqo1fiqns'uViBBBI'raqcuenorg '(uV) 'leIIrlS 'uv: 'raqcus^ord (OCf) a un 09BI DtDtltnun Dppnu :zgg1 DlD\uapzq 'uV 'o>luaqcslped - 'ur(s 'u 'uosserS (Ogf) d ç/BI yluofin outîDnC l[ruroy Tcetql 6/81 'opleg-apeetrAl 'uV:) 'tV 'uossa:3 (snrcrrqeg,) nsuao.revees aopuo7n oâruta{ N O9BI stloutuut)l '€H (llareTcoc 'uaTJIV o 606I uaurnt aserrd oqoufusoqlzees otolfrlnuat 'uV 'zlrtle-rol4l '1erâTroC @gV-fSù a BBB1 Dituouottnt (srapn ep) o1ottsort"tponbaas nsua{tuuay 'o>luerlrstpa{ '@po(ot '(E.tX) (ra8rp) o4ofo1deas nttuztnt Qeù 4 O tV ç?BI Dnau?t '(tV) 'lâlsl.g 'puerlg (Oçf) a un /çBI Dtotxunt (gOg) (snrcrrqeg,) nsuao.ttDees oaranat 'eH '1cutryat1 '(tV) 'd>lsnoT"ssn9 O +L6l suo4Qprurny (Ogf) a un çgG1 nsuallat '(uV) '(gara4roC) 'arro; 'ses (çlç) g tuv gg61 onrtqny @tù (gOe1 BIIBCI[ttt] 'srnoq 'od - 'tV 'Â>1sr*o>1zsoP3'll g'uv 698I suqDfptnqnt -uau?qtpat ) d gGBI sîsueuaqspsl kAù 'qlrurS (qlp1rrrS)oaro{ eas 'gere>lro3 nsuaruqsnst rarleladal nno{np aas op?t

Nlrs-r-rng scNslcs svsNv){ do ^rrsus^rNn sHJ rL9 SvsrBuATIcs AND PHvrocENY OF THE ANTHOPHORINB BBBS 575

aestitellaBrooks An, R n. name for An. aestita wegeliniFriese, l9l+ An, P (486,489) Morawitz, IBBB, Horae Soc. Entomol. Ross. wegeneriFriese, see alternazs(Klug) 22:232, not Smith, 1854 (474, 476) whiteheadi(Cockerell), 1910 las zonatassp.] Am (An), uestitula(Cockerell), 1936 Am (An), E (:An. uestibula o (511) [sic] Cockerell, 1946) (515) whiteleyella(Rayment), 1947 Am (An), A (511) aetulaEversmann, see senilisEversmann wickwari Bingham, 1908 (Po) : Eucara(At- aetulaKrg, 1845 Un (Megilla), P (450) thophoridae; Eucerini) t. comb. aictoriensrs(Rayment), 1951 Arn (Asaropoda),A (515) willingi Cockerell, see bomboidesKirby uidua(Khg), 1845 An (Megilla), P (-An. boops wtureBrooks An, P, n. name for Anthomegillasinensis Alfken, 1926, [dark form]i :An. fumipennr Alf- Wu, 1982, not Ha. sinensasAlfken, 1937, Ento- ken, 1926n. syn. [dark form]) (473, 474, 476) mology and Phytopathology 5:404-405 or Clisodon aierecki(Cockerell), 1909 Ha (Emphoropsis)n. comb., sinensisWu, 1982, Insects of Xizang, vol. II:419 N (482) uiereckiCockerell, see centrifurmrsCresson xanthochloraCockerell, 1923 An, T (496) aigilans(Smith), 1861 Am (An), O (513) xanthostomaCockerell, 1932 An, E (: Ar. uernali uigilansSmith, seecustos (Dalla Torre) Cockerell, 1935 n. syn. The female holotype of aillosaHerrich-Schaeffer, seeplagiata (Illiger) uernayi(Transvaal) has the metasoma of a speciesof aillosulaSmith, seeplumipes (PaLlas) (460) Tbtraloniaglued onto it; the same metasoma uiolacea(Lepeletier), 1841 Am (An), O (:Megilla described in the original descriptioni : An. hetero- albopunctatallliger, 1806 nomennudum, n. syn.; PodoCockerell, 19+6 las aernayessp.] n. syn.) (492) :An. anthracinaGribodo, 1893 [as uiolaceassp.] n. xerophila(Cockerell), 1911 [as quadrifasciatassp.] Am syn.) (450, 512, 513') (Ar), o (505) uirgoGribodo, 1893 (A") -- Centrismuralis Burmeister, xinjiangensas(Wu), 1985 An (Clisodon),P (489) lB76 (Anthophoridae; Centridini) xizangenslsWu, 1979 Ha, P uiaida(Smith), lB79 Am (An), E (506) )unnanensesWu, 1983 Ha, P aiuidulaStrand, seecincta (Fabricius) lunnanemesWu, 1983Am, P (513) uolucellaeforzesDours, 1869 Un (An), T (450) zamoranellaCockerell, l9+9 An, T (496) aulpinaPanzer, seequadrimnculata (Panzer) (486' 489) zanoniGribodo , 1924 An, P (= An. borgensisPriesner, wadicolaAlfken, 1935 An, P (486) 1957 fas zanonessp.] n. syn.) (486) walkeri(Cockerell), 1905 Am (An), O (--An. darwini zhe;jiangensesWu, see imitatrix Lieftinck Cockerell, 1910 n. syn.) (510, 511) zimini Gussakovsky, 1935 An, P (496) wallacei(Cockerell), 1907 Am (An), A (511) zinniae(Cockerell), 1932 Am (An), E (504) wallaciella Rayment, see perpulchra(Rayment) zombanaCockerell, 1910 An, E (492) utalshiiCresson, 1869 An, N (466, 468, 469) zonata(Linnaeus), 1758 Arn (Apis), O (:An. nigritarsis waltoni Cockerell, 1910 las aulpizassp.] Att, O (486) Dover, 192+n. syn. i :An. doaeriCockerell, 1931, wartmanmFriese, 1905 An, E (492) n. name for An. nigritarsisDover, 192+, not Friese, washingtoniCockerell, seecrotcàii Cresson 1905n. syn.) (509-511) watsoniCockerell, seeporterae Cockerell zonatulaSmith, 1854 Ha (Habrophora[sic]), P

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