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The History of the Architectural Guidebook and the Development of an Architectural Information System

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The History of the Architectural Guidebook and the Development of an Architectural Information System THE HISTORY OF THE ARCHITECTURAL GUIDEBOOK AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ARCHITECTURAL INFORMATION SYSTEM A Thesis Presented to The Academic Faculty by C. Michael Herndon In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in the College of Architecture Georgia Institute of Technology August 2007 THE HISTORY OF THE ARCHITECTURAL GUIDEBOOK AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ARCHITECTURAL INFORMATION SYSTEM Approved by: Professor Robert M. Craig, Committee Chair College of Architecture Georgia Institute of Technology Professor Robert M. Craig, Advisor College of Architecture Georgia Institute of Technology Professor Elizabeth Dowling College of Architecture Georgia Institute of Technology Professor Benjamin Flowers College of Architecture Georgia Institute of Technology Date Approved: 9 July 2007 To my family. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my committee, Professors Robert Craig, Elizabeth Dowling and Benjamin Flowers, who took the time to review drafts of this thesis over their summer break. I would also like to thank Pamela Corpron Parker of Whitworth College and Richard White of the University of Sydney; both provided invaluable help in coming to terms with the vast amount of material which has been written about travel and tourism. Lynn Biggs of the Cobb County Planning Association and Jim Bohn of the Atlanta Regional Commission provided me with a comprehensive list of street names for the database portion of the project—without their assistance, this project might never have been completed. Both Byran Baker and Monica Bestawros provided encouragement and a willing ear, as well as forcing me to write over many cups of coffee. Bryan was particularly helpful in editing drafts of chapters 2 and 4, and spent an evening poring over old guides to help me find some suitable quotations. Perhaps most of all, I am thankful for Sarah Hancock, who sacrificed a considerable amount of her own vacation time to help me track down books and edit references in the libraries of Georgia Tech and Furman University. Finally, I would like to thank my family, who encouraged and supported me. They are as thankful as I am that this thesis has been completed. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION . iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . iv LIST OF TABLES . ix LIST OF FIGURES . x SUMMARY . xi I INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 What is a Guide? . 3 1.2 Why do People Visit Buildings . 4 1.2.1 Building as Container . 4 1.2.2 Building as Site of History . 4 1.2.3 Building as Religious Shrine . 5 1.2.4 Building as Emotional Source . 5 1.2.5 Building as Goal . 6 1.2.6 Building as Art . 6 1.2.7 Building as Teaching Tool . 7 1.2.8 Building as Text . 7 1.2.9 Conclusion . 8 II THE GUIDE UNTIL THE 19TH CENTURY . 10 2.1 Ancient Guides . 10 2.1.1 The Odyssey . 11 2.1.2 Herodotus . 13 2.2 Pausanias . 15 2.3 Medieval Guides . 16 2.3.1 Santiago de Compostela . 19 2.3.2 Rome . 22 2.4 The Guides of Andrea Palladio . 25 v 2.5 Elizabethan Travel and the Grand Tour . 28 2.6 Eighteenth Century . 36 2.6.1 Rome . 39 2.7 The Romantic Traveler . 41 2.8 English Lake District . 42 2.9 Scotland and Wales . 44 2.9.1 The Swiss Alps and Continental Travel . 46 III THE GUIDEBOOK FROM THE 19TH CENTURY TO THE 21ST . 48 3.1 Middle Class Travel . 49 3.2 Mass Travel . 52 3.3 Thomas Cook . 54 3.4 International Travel . 56 3.5 Murray’s Guides and Baedeker’s Guides . 57 3.6 Michelin Guides . 60 3.7 Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century American Guides . 62 3.7.1 Travel Writing in America . 62 3.7.2 American Travel Writing in Europe . 64 3.7.3 Early American Travel Guides . 65 3.7.4 The Rise of the Automobile . 67 3.8 American Guide Series . 68 3.9 The Guides of John Betjeman . 71 3.9.1 Betjeman’s Shell Architectural Guides . 71 3.9.2 Betjeman’s Murray’s Guides . 73 3.10 Pevsner’s Buildings of England . 75 3.11 English Ecclesiastical Architectural Guides . 78 3.12 Reinhold Guides . 80 3.13 Mid-Century Independent Guides . 82 3.14 American Institute of Architects Guides . 85 vi 3.15 City Observed Guides . 88 3.16 Buildings of the United States . 88 3.17 Other Recent Guides . 91 3.17.1 Buildings of England . 91 3.17.2 Other contemporary Guides . 92 3.17.3 Denver Guides . 93 3.18 Works that Were Not Considered . 94 IV CHARACTERISTICS OF ARCHITECTURAL GUIDES . 97 4.1 Stated Intentions/Intended Audience . 97 4.2 Selection of Buildings . 101 4.3 Subdivision of Areas . 106 4.3.1 Anomalous Arrangements . 108 4.3.2 Arrangement of Buildings within Subsections . 111 4.4 Maps . 114 4.5 Descriptions . 120 4.6 Types of Extended Descriptions . 122 4.6.1 Raw Description . 122 4.6.2 Sophisticated Description . 123 4.6.3 Description Plus Information . 124 4.6.4 The Raw Opinion . 125 4.6.5 The Sophisticated Opinion . 126 4.6.6 The Didactic Description . 126 4.6.7 History of Inhabitants/Genealogical . 128 4.6.8 History of the Building . 129 4.6.9 Historical or Stylistic Placement . 131 4.6.10 Picturesque . 133 4.6.11 Trivia or Human Interest . 134 4.6.12 Other information . 135 vii 4.6.13 Rankings . 136 4.7 The Use of Photography and Images . 137 4.8 Shortcomings of Current Guides . 141 V TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS . 144 5.1 Introduction to Databases . 145 5.2 Introduction to Relational Databases . 147 5.3 Specific Implementation Issues . 151 5.3.1 General Purpose and Arrangement . 152 5.3.2 Relationship between architects and others . 153 5.3.3 Locations . 155 5.3.4 Additions and Renovations . 156 5.3.5 Dates . 157 5.3.6 Mapping Locations . 159 5.3.7 Building Names . 161 5.3.8 Groups . 162 5.3.9 Comment Fields . 162 5.3.10 Razed Buildings . 163 5.3.11 Landmark Status . 163 5.3.12 Last Minute Check . 164 5.4 Conclusion and Recommendations . 164 5.4.1 Recommendations for Descriptions . 165 5.4.2 Recommendations for Images and Layout . 166 5.4.3 Recommendations for Subdivision . 168 5.4.4 Recommendations for Maps . 171 5.4.5 Conclusion . 173 APPENDIX A TABLES . 175 viii LIST OF TABLES 1 Address Table . 146 2 Architect Name Table . 146 3 Architect-Building Table . 147 4 Architect-Building Table . 148 5 Architect Table . 148 6 Structure Table . 149 7 Example Report . 151 8 StrTable . 176 9 AddTable . 177 10 Str Per Junction . 177 11 PerTbl . ..
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