Reality Behind Beauty Hayao Miyazaki’s Perspective of Human and Nature

Tianyang Wu 2020 Thesis Reality Behind Beauty Reality Behind Beauty Hayao Miyazaki’s Perspective of Human and Nature

Rhode Island School of Design

Department of Interior Architecture Exhibition and Narrative Environment Design

Tianyang Wu 2020 Reality Behind Beauty Hayao Miyazaki’s Perspective of Human and Nature

A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Design in Interior Studies [Exhibitions & Narrative Environments] in the Department of Interior Architecture of the Rhode Island School of Design

By Tianyang Wu

2020

Approved by Master’s Examination Committee:

______Markus Berger Francesca Liuni Associate Professor, Department of Interior Architecture, Critic, Department of Interior Architecture, Primary Thesis Advisor Thesis Advisor

______Liliane Wong Julia Bernert Department Head, Department of Interior Architecture,Thesis Advisor Critic, Department of Interior Architecture, Secondary Thesis Advisor

______Heinrich Hermann Critic, Department of Interior Architecture, Thesis Advisor & Thesis Chair Acknowledgments:

Ernesto Aparicio Critic, Department of Graphic Design, Consultant, Graphic Design

Nick Heywood Critic, Department of Interior Architecture, Adviser, Writing and Thesis Book

Paul Mayencourt Critic, MIT Department of Architecture, Consultant, Structural Engineering

Stephen Turner Critic, Department of Interior Architecture, Consultant, Energy, Systems and Sustainability In the past, humans hesitated when they took lives, even non-human lives. But society had changed, and they no longer felt that way. As humans grew stronger, I think that we became quite arrogant, losing the sorrow of 'we have no other choice.' I think that in the essence of human civilization, we have the desire to become rich without limit, by taking the lives of other creatures.

— Hayao Miyazaki 1 3 23 30 75

Abstract Research Precedents Design Bibliography

Timeline Watch Me Move: The Animation Show Whale Hunt Post-war Japan Dreamlands: Immersive Cinema and Art, 1905-2016 Water Pollution Hayao Miyazaki China Comic and Animation Museum Animism Works, Topics and Sites Nuclear Power Forest Protection Graphic Design When people look at beautiful artworks, they tend to ignore and forget the ugly truth that inspired the creation. Hayao Miyazaki is an artist who grew aware of an “ugly truth” and has been trying to propose beautiful possibilities. Economic pressures lead to environmental destruction, which breaks the relationship between humankind and nature. He argues that Abstract humankind is the product of nature, and must always depend on nature. This is a fact that no power, including modern science and technology, can change. This has long been the main subject of Miyazaki’s unique perspective in his animated films. This thesis proposes an exhibition to deepen the audiences’ comprehension of Miyazaki’s films by analyzing the connection between his works and reality, reminding viewers that humans are harming themselves when fighting for resources and destroying the natural environment in the name of the economy. This widespread exhibition will present Miyazaki’s works and invite debates on five related topics: the hunting of whales, water pollution, animism, nuclear power, and forest protection. These topics are explored through eight scattered sites in Japan that provided the inspirations for his animations. Pavilions at each location are designed to enlighten the audience through a constructive approach, allowing visitors to form their own views on these topics. When audiences from all over the world are put into the physical and cultural environment Miyazaki portrays, they will start to make connections between the movie and reality without thinking. With the hints provided by the pavilion designs, they will leave with a new perspective on these topics throughout the world.

1 Research Timeline

1923 Disney was founded

1914 1939 1945 1950 1956 1970 1980 1986 2014 World War I starts World War II starts World War II ends Korea War Starts Japanese economy Surge growth of Robot anime like the Chernobyl nuclear International court starts to rise manga Gundam and The Super accident, north of the of justice found 1918 1953 1960 Dimension Fortress Ukrainian SSR Japan guilty of World War I ends Macross series became using scientific Korea War Osamu Tezuka (Hayao instant classics, anime research to cover Ends Miyazaki's favorite) adapted become mainstream up commercial and simplified many Disney whaling Post-war World animation techniques Hayao Miyazaki 1989 2004 2008 1963 1971 1979 Hayao Miyazaki Hayao Miyazaki Hayao Miyazaki 1941 Kiki's Delivery Service Hayao Miyazaki joined Hayao Miyazaki Hayao Miyazaki Howl's Moving Castle Ponyo Hayao Miyazaki Was Born Toei Animation codirect Lupin the joined Telecom 2001 Third Part Animation Film 1988 1997 Hayao Miyazaki 2013 Hayao Miyazaki Hayao Miyazaki Spirited Away Hayao Miyazaki My Neighbor Totoro 1995 Princess Mononoke Hujiratori The Wind Rises 1986 Hayao Miyazaki Whisper of the Heart Hayao Miyazaki 1993 On Your Mark Castle in the Sky Hayao Miyazaki 1985 Ocean Waves 1992 Hayao Miyazaki cofounded Studio Gibli Hayao Miyazaki with Takahata Isao Porco Rosso 1984 Hayao Miyazaki Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind Post-war Japan Hayao Miyazaki

After World War II, Japan suffered from inflation and unemployment issue which finally caused Hayao Miyazaki is a Japanese animator and filmmaker who is famous for his fascinating an economic breakdown. To recover from that, Japan tried to develop the economy. Japan animation stories and widely regarded as one of the greatest animation filmmakers of all time. assisted Americans in the Korean War and the Vietnam war. Hayao was born in 1941 which is during World War II. His father worked for a military factory in However, on the way of recovery, not every element was developed balanced. In the first 20 order to avoid joining the army at a young age and later funded Miyazaki Meronautical co., a years after the war, Japan experienced a period of rapid economic growth. The rapid economic family-owned aircraft parts factory that leads to Hayao Miyazaki's familiarity of the aircraft and development brought heavy burdens to the environment and caused serious public hazards. their manufactures. Hayao's "flying dream" also comes from that and reflected in many of his Forests are destroyed, air and water are polluted. Nuclear pollution dangers the environment works like Porco Rosso, The Wind Rises, Castle in the Sky, etc. 1 as well. The build-up of environmental problems has led to the emergence of the world's most famous "public hazards", known as Minamata disease, to torta disease, Minamata disease in After the war, Japan lost many of its possessions and experienced a severe economic Niigata and asthma in Furukawa. After a series of measures related to pollution control, the breakdown. During the re-emergence time, Japan assisted Americans in the Korean War and industrial pollution problem in Japan has been greatly improved. By the 1980s, the amount of Vietnam War, develop the economy at the price of the environment which caused several carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, suspended particulate matter and photochemical pollutants student protests. Hayao Miyazaki hated the capitalist society and dreamed of a socialist in the Japanese atmosphere had dropped significantly. For the ocean, as an island country, revolution. He expressed interest in manga and animation from an early age and tried to overfishing of the whales and fish are causing species extinction.1 express the ideal world in his works.

On the society scale, the aging issue puts a lot of pressure on the youngers which means each In 1985, Miyazaki co-founded Studio Ghibli. He directed many films in the following years. The labor needs to take care of more elderly people and be more productive. In the meanwhile, main themes are humanity's relationship with nature and technology, the wholesomeness of young people are becoming less competitive. The concentration of wealth in the hands of the natural and traditional patterns of living, the importance of art and craftsmanship, and the elderly means that society as a whole has less spending power.2 difficulty of maintaining a pacifist ethic in a violent world. He is highly praised and awarded, but works are more than expressions of himself but the outcome of time.

1 起啥名呢 , Zhihu, 为什么日本与美国能在二战大动干戈以后处到如此友好关系？ [Why did Japan and the United States get on so well after the war?], posted Nov 25, 2017, https://www.zhihu.com/question/22724292

2 刘质真 , QDaily, 这里有 50 个问题，关于老龄化、福利社会、日本，以及不可逆的未来（上 ) [Here are 50 questions about aging, the welfare society, Japan, and the irreversible future (part 1)], Posted Jan 5, 2019, https://www.qdaily.com/articles/61787.htm 1Sema Mumcu, Serap Yilmaz, "The Landscape of Miyazaki; Environmental Characreristics and Messages", November 2010, 1061 - 1062 Miyako City Ponyo

Tomonoura Port Ponyo Works, Topics, and Site Haranomachi Station On Your Mark

“Totoro forest”, Saitama County Dogo Onsen Main Building, Ehime Totoro Spirited Away

Edo-Tokyo Open Air Architectural Museum Spirited Away

Yakushima Island Taiji, Wakayama Princess Mononoke Kujiartori

9 My Neighbour Totoro 1987

My Neighbour Totoro talks about a story of two sisters and totoro. Satsuki and Mei moved Totoro is the master of wood and the Nature itself. Wood is the symbol of abundance to an old scary house with their father to be closer to the hospital where the girls' mother, and peace, and it has the meaning of the Earth and the power of life.1 In Japanese Yasuko, is recovering from a long-term illness. They made friends with their neighbour culture, it is believed that every living creature has a spirit inside and deserve respect totoro when exploring the area. Totoro taught the two girls to grow plants with magic, fly even though some are not visible. When nature is shown the respect it deserves, in the air. When Mei got lost on the way to the hospital alone, totoro helps Satsuki find her people thrive better. 2 little sister. In My Neighbour Totoro, although totoro is not something that exist in real life, it is the representative of other living entities. This theme appears more than once in Hayao Miyazaki's works that the whole living system thrive together. In Spirited Away, the gods represent rivers or forest; In Princess Mononoke, the big dogs are the guardians of the forest and the deer-look creature rules and survive with the forest; Susuwatari appears both in Spirited Away and My Neighbour Totoro as representations of objects' spirit.

The Japanese affection for trees continues into modern times. However, during the second world war and even after the war, the land of Japan was seriously abandoned. The area of forest was reduced by about twenty percent in the air raid. After the war, Mei touching Susuwatari Japan needed a lot of wood, and natural forests were constantly being cut down. In recent years, the Japanese realize the forest loss cannot be a permanent solution and tried to rebuild them. Now, forests cover 67 percent of the country.3

"Totoro forest", Saitama County, Japan

1 Mikyung Bak,"Animism inside Japanese animations：Focused on animations by Hayao Miyazaki" 2T.Magno, Japamigo logo, "Harmony in Japan: the art of a collectivist society", Posted March 8th, 2018, https://www. japamigo.com/2541/ 3.Ishi Hiroyuki, "Japan’s Forests: From Lumber Source to Beloved Resource", Posted Apr 3, 2018, https://www.nippon.com/ Totoros, Satsuki and Mei en/features/c03913/japan%E2%80%99s-forests-from-lumber-source-to-beloved-resource.html

10 11 On Your Mark 1995

On Your Mark is a music video Hayao Miyazaki made. The story happens in the future that Japan was hit by an earthquake and tsunami in 2011. The tsunami instigated a major the surface of the earth is polluted by nuclear and humans live in underground cities. An nuclear accident at Fukushima Nuclear Power Station which is along the coast.1 Although angel, which is a representative of hope, is released from the earth’s ground by two young people in that area moved away, animals weren’t aware of the danger. Bad things men. Hayao Miyazaki has made this statement in his works many times that no matter happened to them like disease or distortion of the coming generations. how developed the technology human grasp, we are always part of the planet and can’t live without it, not in the air, not under the ground.

angel released on the earth which is polluted by nuclear Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant hit by tsunami, Japan, 2010 (On Your Mark) Princess Mononoke 1997

The film is about a young man Ashitaka's experience. Ashitaka was infected by an animal attack when he was trying to protect the village. He then set on to seek a cure from the deer-like god Shishigami. In his travels, he sees humans destroying the forest, bringing down the wrath of wolf god Moro and his human companion Princess Mononoke. He attempts to stop the war between her and the humans. Eventually, deer-like god Shishigami punished the greedy people and give peace back to the land.

The prodominent theme of this film is anti-war and environmental focus.“The war happened ... and I learned that mankind doesn’t learn,” Hayao Miyazaki said, “After that, we couldn’t go back and make some film like Kiki’s Delivery Service. It felt like children were being born to this world without being blessed. How could we pretend to them that we’re happy?”1

After witnessing people keep fighting and ruining the environment, he started to wonder if human will learn. In this movie, he expressed his shift of opinion that human learn better after bad consequences and this become a new method for the nature to keep balance with human.

The prototype site is Yakushima Island in Japan. A fifth of the island is listed as a natural heritage site.The tallest trees on the island, more than 6,000 years old, are called jomon shirts.

1 " 日本动画《幽灵公主》的主题是什么？ [What is the theme of the Japanese animation princess mononoke]", last modified Apr 4, 2016. https://www.zhihu.com/question/2230421923. Yakushima Island, Japan

14 15 Spirited Away 2001

A young girl Chihiro and her parents accidentally run through a strange forest The prominent theme of the film is human greed. Chihiro's parents were and cross a tunnel one day which turns out to be Kami(god)'s place. Her turned into pigs because they asked for more than they deserve. Although parents turned into pigs unconsciously after eating Kami's food. With the help it seems impossible in the reality, it is mirroring the real issue that many of Haku and Kamaji, Chihiro stayed at the world working for Yubaba, the owner humans always ask for more resources greedily than they needed that they of the Kaimi bathhouse, while trying to remove curses on her parents at the cannot realize that they are turning into pigs — fat(rich) and stupid. Hayao same time. In the end, she successfully saves her parents, leaves the place, and Miyazaki is mocking these people and believes that the world will be saved returns to the human world. by pure soles.

Miyazaki says of this: "In my grandparents' time, it was believed that kami existed everywhere – in trees, rivers, insects, wells, anything. My generation does not believe this, but I like the idea that we should all treasure everything because spirits might exist there, and we should treasure everything because there is a kind of life to everything." Hayao believes that there are underlying rules in the world about how life coexists and everything will keep balance naturally.

The film also touches the topic of water pollution as in the movie where the story happens in a hot spring bath for gods. Chihiro once served a Rot god in the bathtub, and he turns out to be River god after purified by the hot spring and leave the place satisfied.

The site he referred to were Edo-Tokyo Open Air Architectural Museum and Dogo Onsen Main Building.

Dogo Onsen Main Building, Ehime

16 Kujiratori 2001

Kujiratori, which in English means whale hunt, is a short film Miyazaki made to play only in the Ghibli Museum. It tells a story about a group of kids try to hunt whale on the sea while eventually become friends with it.

Miyazaki proposes that although Japan has this tradition to hunt whale. This cruel industry will disappear in the future for the new generations and this will need the effort of education.

Fishermen trapping a group of dolphins in a holding cove following a large capture of dolphins in Taiji, Japan in 2007 Ponyo 2009

Fujimoto is a wizard who were human and now live underwater with his daughters which are fishes. Brunhilde, one of his daughter sneaks off and floats away on the back of a jellyfish. She met Sōsuke, a litttle boy and heals his wound. Sōsuke named her Ponyo. After meeting him, she decided to live as human and grow out legs and hands. After her leaving for Sōsuke, the magic she used caused imbalance in the world, resulting in a tsunami. Ponyo needs to pass the test to be a human unless she would turn into foam. Ponyo finally gives up her magic to become a human and thus restore the balance of nature.

The film talks about thebalance in the nature that every creature has its own position in the world and that one must sacrifice something if they want to change it.

Tsunami at Miyako City, Japan, 2011

Ponyo under jellyfish' s protection 20 Precedents Watch Me Move: The Animation Show at The Barbican Art Gallery, London 2011

The exhibition Watch Me Move: The Animation Show focuses on the history of animation over the last 150 years both technically and artistically. The exhibition is organized thematically by dividing it into seven parts: Apparitions, Characters, Superhumans, fables, fragments, structures, and visions. 1

The collection includes not only hand drawings or videos but also some devices that have been used to animate drawings or clay models of the animations. Moreover, it covers works from countries and cultures all over the world.

1.Hilty, Greg, Pardo, Alona, Barbican Art Gallery, Watch Me Move: The Animation Show, (London: Merrell, 2011.), 10-37. Dreamlands: Immersive Cinema and Art, 1905-2016 by Chrissie Iles at Whitney Museum of American Art, New York 2017

The exhibition Dreamlands: Immersive Cinema and Art, 1905- 2016 tries to cover the creation of films, talk about the relationship between body and cinema. The exhibition builds on the exhibition Into the Light: The project Image in the American Art 1964- 1977 with a narrower focus, examined the idea of an expanded cinema. This exhibition is organized in a thematical way since film development doesn’t come with a linear process. Many forms of works are displayed like videos or photos. The audience is invited to join the film world immersively. 1

1. Iles Chrissie, Dreamlands: Immersive Cinema and Art, 1905-2016, (Yela University Press, 2016), 117-118. China Comic and Animation Museum by MVRDV at Hangzhou, ZheJiang, China 2015

The concept idea behind the China Comic and Animation Museum is six speech bubbles connected together with the function of the entrance, education, theater, library, education center, and interactive space. 1 The building seems to be easy but is actually highly difficult in construction in the matter of materials and structures. For the interior, the museum is functioned well educationally with an interactive and participatory design for visitors to play games with each other.

1. Clare Jacobson, New Museums in China, (Princeton Architectural Press, 2014), 134-137. Miyako City Water Pollution Ponyo Design

Haranomachi Station On Your Mark Tomonoura Port Nuclear Power Ponyo “Totoro forest”, Saitama County Totoro Dogo Onsen Main Building, Ehime Spirited Away Edo-Tokyo Open Air Architectural Museum Forest Protection Spirited Away

Taiji, Wakayama Kujiartori

Yakushima Island Princess Mononoke

Animism Whale Hunt Whale Hunt Whale sound Recycling plastic

Fabrication Foldable Taiji, Wakayama

Water Pollution Dogo Onsen Main Building, Ehime Tomonoura Port Interactive water installation Pipes inside columns

Pavilion wood + aluminum Supportive columns

Miyako City

Animism Yakushima Island Edo-Tokyo Open Air Architectural Museum, Tokyo plants make sounds in response to audiences' movement

circulation pavilion follow the path

Reflective exterior facade responsive sonic signal Exterior Perspective Nuclear Power Nuclear release center

mutant animal models

1 km

2 km

4 km water 8 km ground 16 km

Haranomachi Station Sphere Concrete - recyclable, radiation protection

Nuclear radiation level View pointing to Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Forest Protection human supplies

“Totoro forest”, Saitama County , Japan Wood + fabric Angled grating wood panels

Structure Projection GRAPHIC DESIGN Website

Reality Behind VISIT HAYAO MIYAZAKI TOPICS COLLECTION Beauty Hayao Miyazaki’s Perspective of Human and Nature

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Quisque eu sem turpis. Sed sed urna blandit in leo. Quisque eu sem turpis. Sed sed urna blandit in leo. Quisque eu sem turpis. Sed sed urna Beauty Beauty sed orci semper viverra sed eget neque. Vivamus sed orci semper viverra sed eget neque. Vivamus sed orci semper viverra sed eget neque. Vivamus arcu sem, ornare in ef citur vitae, interdum in lacus arcu sem, ornare in ef citur vitae, interdum in lacus arcu sem, ornare in ef citur vitae, interdum in lacus Open Hours 10:30 a.m.–5:30 p.m. Open seven days a week Open until 9:00 p.m. Fridays and the rst Thursday of each month Spirited Away Spirited Away Spirited Away Transportation 2003 2003 2003 Reality 1 Miyako City Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing Tohoku-Hokkaido ShinkansenHayabusa elit. Curabitur tortor felis, laoreet id vestibulum elit. Curabitur tortor felis, laoreet id vestibulum elit. 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Vivamus sed orci semper viverra sed eget neque. Vivamus Edo-Tokyo Open Air Architectural Museum arcu sem, ornare in ef citur vitae, interdum in lacus arcu sem, ornare in ef citur vitae, interdum in lacus arcu sem, ornare in ef citur vitae, interdum in lacus 7 5 Hayao Miyazaki’s Perspective of Human and Nature Chuo Line Tomonoura Port Tokaido-Sanyo Shinkansen Dogo Onsen Main Building, Ehime 8 Tokaido-Sanyo Shinkansen Spirited Away Spirited Away Spirited Away Yosan Line-Limited Express 2003 2003 2003 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing May 2020 - Dec 2020 TramIyo Tetsudo Jr- Matsuyamaekimae Line elit. Curabitur tortor felis, laoreet id vestibulum elit. Curabitur tortor felis, laoreet id vestibulum elit. Curabitur tortor felis, laoreet id vestibulum 1 Miyako City Miyako City Taiji, Wakayama pretium, vehicula id sem. Pellentesque porttitor pretium, vehicula id sem. Pellentesque porttitor pretium, vehicula id sem. Pellentesque porttitor 2 Haranomachi Station Haranomachi Station JAL 457 faucibus faucibus. Ut ut eros nulla. Maecenas eget faucibus faucibus. Ut ut eros nulla. Maecenas eget faucibus faucibus. Ut ut eros nulla. Maecenas eget “Totoro forest”, Saitama County 3 “Totoro forest”, Saitama County sapien nec magna tempor venenatis vel et odio. sapien nec magna tempor venenatis vel et odio. sapien nec magna tempor venenatis vel et odio. Yakushima Island Curabitur libero ex, fringilla eget mattis sed, Curabitur libero ex, fringilla eget mattis sed, Curabitur libero ex, fringilla eget mattis sed, Edo-Tokyo Open Air Architectural Museum 4 Edo-Tokyo Open Air Architectural Museum JAL 992 blandit in leo. Quisque eu sem turpis. Sed sed urna blandit in leo. Quisque eu sem turpis. Sed sed urna blandit in leo. Quisque eu sem turpis. Sed sed urna 5 Tomonoura Port Tomonoura Port sed orci semper viverra sed eget neque. Vivamus sed orci semper viverra sed eget neque. Vivamus sed orci semper viverra sed eget neque. Vivamus Dogo Onsen Main Building, Ehime 6 Dogo Onsen Main Building, Ehime Contact arcu sem, ornare in ef citur vitae, interdum in lacus arcu sem, ornare in ef citur vitae, interdum in lacus arcu sem, ornare in ef citur vitae, interdum in lacus 7 Taiji, Wakayama Taiji, Wakayama 856-765-8273 8 Yakushima Island Yakushima Island www.realitybehindbueaty.com Panel Reality Behind Beauty Hayao Miyazaki’s Perspective of Human and Nature

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2 May 2020 - Dec 2020 Miyako City 6 4 3 Haranomachi Station 5 “Totoro forest”, Saitama County 7 Edo-Tokyo Open Air Architectural Museum Tomonoura Port Dogo Onsen Main Building, Ehime Taiji, Wakayama 8 Yakushima Island

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Curabitur tortor felis, Sed magna velit, ultrices ut purus eget, placerat auctor odio. Maecenas volutpat laoreet id vestibulum pretium, vehicula id sem. Pellentesque porttitor faucibus viverra neque, nec tincidunt orci sagittis ac. Sed sed tincidunt ligula. Etiam vel faucibus. Ut ut eros nulla. Maecenas eget sapien nec magna tempor venenatis facilisis nibh. Ut nisl mauris, euismod non tristique ut, blandit vitae ipsum. vel et odio. Integer metus diam, dictum nec nunc ac, venenatis vestibulum felis. Mauris ullamcorper odio aliquet arcu mollis, sed volutpat enim lobortis. Proin Cras tempus dui vel dui dignissim faucibus. Pellentesque eget dolor at tellus ullamcorper in erat in condimentum. Fusce lacinia risus quis nisi sodales sagittis. tincidunt feugiat rhoncus vel felis. Nullam ultricies metus ac ligula posuere Donec blandit sapien et risus ef citur vestibulum in a ipsum. Integer bibendum imperdiet. Suspendisse purus augue, consequat vel pellentesque et, tincidunt mattis augue consectetur aliquam. Donec luctus dui eget turpis porta interdum. nibus urna. Ut arcu lorem, ornare vel arcu eu, eleifend egestas quam. Integer Curabitur libero ex, fringilla eget mattis sed, blandit in leo. Quisque eu sem in sem condimentum, posuere sem eu, pretium metus. Proin a lacus purus. turpis. Sed sed urna sed orci semper viverra sed eget neque. Vivamus arcu sem, Pellentesque ef citur, tellus laoreet eleifend auctor, magna lorem tincidunt ligula, ornare in ef citur vitae, interdum in lacus. ac ultricies tortor ipsum vel metus.

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handscripts or film clips Bibliography 1. 起啥名呢 , Zhihu, 为什么日本与美国能在二战大动干戈以后处到如此友 in miyazaki's work]. Last modified Jun 2, 2018. https://zhuanlan. Page 13 好关系？ [Why did Japan and the United States get on so well after zhihu.com/p/37614908 This picture was taken a few hours later on March 14, 2011. At this Page 19 the war?], about post-war Japan's social bachground, posted Nov point, reactor block 3 was also damaged by an explosion. https:// Japanese Aquariums to Stop Buying Dolphins From Town Criticized 10. 十二 , " 波妞，波妞，爱死你那乘风破浪的样子 " [Ponyo, Ponyo, I 25, 2017, https://www.zhihu.com/question/22724292 www.20min.ch/story/ein-jahrzehnt-auf-erden-aus-dem-all- for Mass Animal Killings, Fishermen trapping a group of dolphins love the way you ride the waves]. comments on Ponyo, Posted on betrachtet-369982822182 in a holding cove following a large capture of dolphins in Taiji, 2. 刘质真 , QDaily, 这里有 50 个问题，关于老龄化、福利社会、日本， July 30th, 2009, https://movie.douban.com/review/2178598/ Japan in 2007. Lars Nicolaysen—EPA, https://time.com/3890469/ 以及不可逆的未来（上 ) [Here are 50 questions about aging, the 11. Hilty, Greg, Pardo, Alona, Barbican Art Gallery, Watch Me Move: Page 14 japanese-aquariums-taiji-dolphins/ welfare society, Japan, and the irreversible future (part 1)], about The Animation Show, (London: Merrell, 2011.), 10-37. https://d9nvuahg4xykp.cloudfront.net/1322288563039483664/- Japanese aging problem, Posted Jan 5, 2019, https://www.qdaily. 4396450297858818308.jpg Page 20 com/articles/61787.htm 12. Iles Chrissie, Dreamlands: Immersive Cinema and Art, 1905-2016, 20 Best Anime Movies All The Time, https://bibandtuck.com/ (Yela University Press, 2016), 117-118. 3. Sema Mumcu, Serap Yilmaz, "The Landscape of Miyazaki; Page 15 anime/best-anime-movies/ Environmental Characreristics and Messages", about wood in 13. Clare Jacobson, New Museums in China, (Princeton Architectural http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WB4WJY5XgsY/UqFNw8U06II/ http://id.japanesefilmfest.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/ Japanese culture, November 2010 Press, 2014), 134-137. AAAAAAAACMs/GTDveEJQ4OM/s1600/san+and+kodama.jpg Ponyo-Image-2-710x500.png https://gaijinpot.scdn3.secure.raxcdn.com/app/uploads/ 4. Mikyung Bak, "Animism inside Japanese animations: Focused on sites/6/2016/06/Yakushima-lead.jpg Page 21 animations by Hayao Miyazaki" Image Credits GIS and Remote Sensing in Disaster Risk Management Course. 5. T.Magno, Japamigo logo, "Harmony in Japan: the art of a Page 16 (09th – 13th October 2017) Naivasha, Kenya, https://comms. collectivist society", Posted March 8th, 2018, https://www.japamigo. Page 10 https://ridgefieldplayhouse.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/ southsudanngoforum.org/t/gis-and-remote-sensing-in-disaster- Hayao Miyazaki Cartoons. http://newsphonereview.xyz/hayao- com/2541/ p29914_v_v8_af.jpg risk-management-course-09th-13th-october-2017-naivasha- miyazaki-cartoons/ http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20170823/03ada8 kenya/12057 6. Ishi Hiroyuki, "Japan’s Forests: From Lumber Source to Beloved Susuwatari (Sootsprites)https://totoro.fandom.com/wiki/ a7184447b2a4ea981b2057bca9.jpeg Resource", taking about Japanese forest protection issue after war. Susuwatari_(Sootsprites) Page 24 Posted Apr 3, 2018, https://www.nippon.com/en/features/c03913/ Page 17 https://img.huffingtonpost.com/ japan%E2%80%99s-forests-from-lumber-source-to-beloved- Page 11 Experience ‘Spirited Away’ at the Edo-Tokyo Open Air Architectural asset/5bb29e362500003600387c80.jpeg?ops=scalefit_960_ resource.html https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/L7RY15nCjPfcm8hE_TsD5jO1S Museum. https://manga.tokyo/columns/otaku-travel/experience- noupscale ws=/0x0:1920x1080/1200x800/filters:focal(736x383:1042x689)/ 7. " 日本动画《幽灵公主》的主题是什么？ [What is the theme of spirited-away-at-edo-tokyo-open-air-architectural-museum/ cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/55049323/ the Japanese animation princess mononoke]", last modified Apr 4, The oldest hot springs resort in Japan, https://www.mystays.com/ Page 25 totoro.0.jpg 2016. https://www.zhihu.com/question/2230421923. en-us/attractions-dogo-onsen-ehime-japan/ https://img.huffingtonpost.com/ asset/5bb29e35220000ba01dba4f0.jpeg?ops=scalefit_960_ 8. Kristin Hunt "13 Crowning Facts About Princess Mononoke", Page 12 Page 18 noupscale theme of the film. Updated July 12, 2017. https://www.mentalfloss. On Your Mark by Hayao Miyazaki | Short of the Week, https://www. Studio Ghibli short films, The Whale Hunt (2001), http:// https://img.huffingtonpost.com/ com/article/85069/13-crowning-facts-about-princess-mononoke shortoftheweek.com/2007/11/11/on-your-mark/ id.japanesefilmfest.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Ponyo- asset/5bb29e352100000001c78d1e.jpeg?ops=scalefit_960_ 9. " 宫崎骏作品中的美丽场景原型 "[A prototype of a beautiful scene Image-2-710x500.png noupscale Page 26 https://i.pinimg.com/originals/51/91/0b/51910b30fea9a0db4163fda 964d70c71.jpg

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