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Identifikasi Jenis Ikan Air Tawar Di Pasar Masuka Sintang Kalimantan Barat

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Identifikasi Jenis Ikan Air Tawar Di Pasar Masuka Sintang Kalimantan Barat ISSN 2580-5703 IDENTIFIKASI JENIS IKAN AIR TAWAR DI PASAR MASUKA SINTANG KALIMANTAN BARAT Desi Ratnasari Universitas Kapuas Sintang, Jalan Oevang Oeray No. 92 Sintang Abstrak: Pisces merupakan kelompok vertebrata yang hidup di perairan dengan menggunakan sirip untuk bergerak dan untuk menjaga keseimbangan tubuh dan memiliki jumlah spesies yang beragam. Pisces disebut hewan poikiloterm karena suhu tubuhnya tidak tetap (berdarah dingin) karena dipengaruhi oleh suhu disekelilingnya. Tubuh terbagi atas kepala, badan, dan ekor. Kulit terdiri atas dermis dan epidermis, pada umumnya bersisik dan berlendir. Alat gerak aktif berupa otot bersegmen yang disebut miotom. Sirip ekor berfungsi sebagai kemudi. Ada tiga macam bentuk sirip ekor yaitu homoserkus, heteroserlus, dan difiserkus. Kata Kunci: Vertebrata, Pisces, Poikiloterm Pada Sistem biologi hewan Indonesia merupakan negara yang diklasifikasikan ke dalam dua kelompok besar, mempunyai Sumber Daya Alam yang melimpah. yaitu hewan bertulang belakang dan hewan tidak Salah satu diantaranya adalah sumber daya bertulang belakang. Hewan yang bertulang perairan, baik tawar, laut maupun payau. Kota belakang disebut vertebrata, sedangkan hewan sintang memiliki posisi yang strategis karena tanpa tulang belakang disebut invertebrata. berada diantara pertemuan dua sungai yaitu sungai melawi dan sungai kapuas. Keadaan inilah yang Pisces merupakan kelompok vertebrata merupaka salah satu faktor penyebab yang hidup di perairan dengan menggunakan sirip meningkatnya sumber daya perikanan di Sintang. untuk bergerak dan menjaga keseimbangan tubuh dan memiliki jumlah spesies yang beranekaragam. Ikan memiliki nilai ekonomis yang tinggi Ciri umum dari pisces yaitu bernapas dengan dimana digemari oleh berbagai kalangan insang, rangka tersusun atas tulang sejati, sebagian masyarakat. Pasar Masuka Sintang, salah satu tubuh ditutupi oleh sisik, dan berlendir. Sedangkan tempat yang banyak menyediakan berbagai jenis ciri khususnya adalah jantung terdiri atas duaruang ikan. Hal inilah yang membuat peneliti tertarik yaitu satu serambi dan satu bilik, memiliki gurat untuk memanfaatkan potensi ini sebagai media sisi untuk menentukan arah dan posisi berenang. untuk pembelajaran dengan mengidentifikasi ikan air tawar di Pasar Masuka Sintang berdasarkan Pisces disebut hewan poikiloterm karena suhu tubuhnya tidak tetap (berdarah dingin), yaitu ciri morfologinya. terpengaruh suhu di sekelilingnya. Tubuh terbagi METODE PENELITIAN atas kepala, badan, dan ekor. Bentuk tubuh ikan antara jenis yang satu dengan jenis yang lain Metode yang dilakukan adalah metode berbeda-beda. Perbedaan bentuk tubuh ini pada observasi lapangan, yaitu melakukan penelitian umumnya disebabkan oleh adanya adaptasi dan dan mengamati langsung ke lapangan serta cara hidupnya. Kebanyakan ikan memiliki bentuk dilakukan metode studi pustaka yaitu mencari tubuh streamline dimana tubuh bagian anterior dan bahan-bahan dan materi-materi yang berkaitan posterior mengerucut dan bila dilihat secara yang bersumber dari buku, jurnal, majalah serta transversal, penampang tubuh seperti tetesan air. internet yang relevan. Penelitian ini Penampang tubuh tersebut akan memberi dilaksanakanpada bulan April Tahun 2018 di Pasar kemudahan ikan dalam menembus air sebagai Masuka Darat, Jalan M.T Haryono, Masuka Darat, media hidup. Bentuk tubuh tersebut biasanya Sintang, Kalimantan Barat. dikatakan sebagai bentuk tubuh ideal (fusiform). 82 83 Edumedia : Jurnal Keguruan dan ilmu Pendidikan, Volume 3. Nomor 2, Otober 2019, hlm. 82-87 HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN agak gelap di bagian punggung. Sirip ekor dan sirip punggung berwarna abu-abu atau kekuningan, dan Ikan Tapah (Wallago leeri) sirip ekor bercagak dalam dengan lobus membulat, sirip dada berwarna kuning, dan sirip dubur Klasifikasi : Kingdom : Animalia berwarna oranye terang. Ikan tenggalan menghuni Filum : Chordata di daerah sungai arus yang memiliki arus deras. Subfilum : Vertebrata Ikan ini tergolong sebagai ikan pemakan tumbuh- Kelas : Actinopterygii tumbuhan. Larva ikan ini memakan alga bersel Ordo : Siluriformes satu dan zooplankton yang halus, sedangkan ikan Famili : Siluridae dewasa suka memakan daun-daunan seperti daun Genus : Wallago talas dan singkong serta tanaman air seperti Hydrilla verticillata. Ikan ini juga nelakukan Spesies : Wallago leeri migrasi meskipun tidak terlampau jauh yakni dari Deskripsi: Ikan tapah biasanya hidup di aliran sungai besar ke anak-anak sungai, saluran dan sungai, dengan dasar sungai yang berlumpur dan dataran banjir. Pola pemijahan terjadi pada musim air yang mengalir dengan perlahan. Benih ikan penghujan dan bergerombol dan karakteristik jenis tapah biasanya terdapat di muara sungai kecil yang kelaminnya sekunder. terhubung ke sungai yang lebih besar. Ciri-ciri ikan ini adalah tidak mempunyai sirip lemak, tidak Ikan Gurame (Osphronemus goramy) mempunyai duri pada sirip punggung dan sirip ekornya sangat panjang, bentuk tubuhnya pipih Klasifikasi : Kingdom : Animalia dengan ukuran maksimal 180 cm, dan mempunyai Filum : Chordata berat maksimal 96 kg. Sirip dada berwarna hitam, Subfilum : Vertebrata bersifat demersal dan patamodromous. Mulut Kelas : Actinopterygii mencapai garis tepi di depan mata, mendibular Ordo : Perciformes barbel lebih pendek dari sirip perut dan memiliki Famili : Osphronemidae kumis. Ikan ini bersifat nocturnal, yaitu aktif pada Genus : Osphronemus malam hari. Makanan ikan ini berupa ikan-ikan yang lebih kecil ukurannya, krustasia, moluska dan Spesies : Osphronemus goramy memakan serangga ketika belum menjadi ikan dewasa. Ikan tapah biasanya berkembangbiak pada Deskripsi : Ikan gurame merupakan jenis ikan air musim kemarau. tawar yang bersisik dan biasanya dibudidayakan di empang, memiliki ciri badan yang lebar pipih Ikan Tenggalan (Barbonymus gonionotus) panjang, dagingnya padat, duri-durinya besar, Klasifikasi : Kingdom : Animalia rasanya enak dan gurih. Habitat asli gurami adalah perairan tawar yang tenang dan tergenang seperti Filum : Chordata rawa dan sungai dengan kadar oksigen yang cukup Subfilum : Vertebrata dan mutu air yang baik. Di Indonesia ikan gurame Kelas : Actinopterygii dijuluki sebagai Giant Goramy karena ukurannya Ordo : Cypriniformes yang besar. Mulanya ikan gurame banyak Famili : Cyprinidae ditemukan di pulau Sumatera, Jawa, dan Genus : Barbonymus Kalimantan. Gurame memiliki alat pernafasan Spesies : Barbonymus tambahan berupa labirin. Ikan gurame memiliki gonionotus sepasang benang yang panjang yang digunakan Deskripsi : Ikan tenggalan memiliki ciri-ciri sebagai alat peraba. Perkembangbiakan terjadi bentuk badan agak panjang dan pipih dengan diawali dengan pemijahan. Pembuahan terjadi di punggung meninggi, kepala kecil, moncong luar tubuh (fertilisasi eksternal). Ikan gurame meruncing, mulut kecil, sungut sangat kecil. Sisik merupaka jenis ikan pemakan tumbuhan. Akan dengan struktur beberapa jari-jari sejajar atau tetapi ketika pada ukuran benih ikan gurame melengkung ke ujung. Badan berwarna keperakan bersifat karnivora. Ratnasari, Identifikasi Jenis Ikan Air Tawar 84 Ikan Lele (Clarias gariepinus) Ikan Toman (Channa micropeltes) Klasifikasi : Kingdom : Animalia Klasifikasi : Kingdom : Animalia Filum : Chordata Filum : Chordata Subfilum : Vertebrata Subfilum : Vertebrata Kelas : Actinopterygii Kelas : Actinopterygii Ordo : Siluriformes Ordo : Perciformes Famili : Clariidae Famili : Channidae Genus : Clarias Genus : Channa Spesies : Channa micropeltes Spesies : Clarias gariepinus Deskripsi : Ikan ini dikenal dengan nama red Deskripsi : Hidup di sungai dengan arus air yang snakehead. Toman adalah nama sejenis ikan gabus perlahan, rawa, telaga, waduk, sawah yang dari suku ikan gabus (Channidae). Memiliki tergenang air. Bahkan ikan lele bisa hidup pada bentuk tubuh yang mirip dengan ikan gabus, yakni air yang tercemar, misalkan di got-got dan selokan berkepala besar dan bermulut besar serta bergigi pembuangan. Lele memiliki kepala yang panjang, runcing tajam. Tubuh bulat panjang seperti torpedo hampir mencapai seperempat dari dari panjang dengan ekor membulat. Ikan dewasa berwarna tubuhnya, kepala pipih ke bawah. Ikan ini hitam kebiruan dan pada dan pada bagian perut mempunyai alat olfaktori de dekat sungut yang berwarna putih atau keputihan, sedangkan pada berfungsi untuk perabaan dan penciuman. Ikan lele ikan toman muda terdapat garis berwarna orange bersifat nokturnal. Pada siang hari ikan lele lebih mulai dari monconghingga ke sirip ekor bagian suka berdiam diri dan berlindung dan berlindung atas dan bawahnya dibatasi oleh garis berwarna di tempat-tempat gelap. Di alam ikan lele memijah hitam yang kemudian terputus menjadi bintik- pada musim penghujan.ikan lele berkembang biak bintik yang tidak beraturan. Ikan toman tergolong dengan cara bertelur dimana pembuahan telur kepada ikan buas, yakni predator yang memangsa terjadi di luar tubuh. aneka jenis ikan lainnya serta hewan-hewan lain seperti serangga dan kodok yang berada di Ikan Tilan (Mastacembelus eryhrotaenia) lingkungannya. Ikan ini memiliki kebiasaan Klasifikasi : Kingdom : Animalia “mengasuh” anak-anaknya. Filum : Chordata Ikan Bilis (Mystacoleucus padangensis) Subfilum : Vertebrata Klasifikasi : Kingdom : Animalia Kelas : Actinopterygii Ordo : Perciformes Filum : Chordata Famili : Mastacenbeidae Subfilum : Vertebrata Genus : Mastacembelus Kelas : Actinopterygii Spesies : Mastacembelus Ordo : Cypriniformes eryhrotaenia Famili : Cyprinoidae Deskripsi : Bentuk tubuh seperti ular dengan Genus : Mystacoleucus rahang atas lebih panjang dan di ujungnya terdapat Spesies : Mystacoleucus
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