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Logo a chynllun y clawr Cynlluniwyd logo’r XVIeg Gyngres gan Tom Pollock, ac mae’n seiliedig ar Frigwrn Capel Garmon (tua 50CC-OC50) a ddarganfuwyd ym 1852 ger fferm Carreg Goedog, Capel Garmon, ger Llanrwst, Conwy. Ceir rhagor o wybodaeth ar wefan Sain Ffagan Amgueddfa Werin Cymru: https://amgueddfa.cymru/oes_haearn_athrawon/gwrthrychau/brigwrn_capel_garmon/?_ga=2.228244894.201309 1070.1562827471-35887991.1562827471 Cynlluniwyd y clawr gan Meilyr Lynch ar sail delweddau o Lawysgrif Bangor 1 (Archifau a Chasgliadau Arbennig Prifysgol Bangor) a luniwyd yn y cyfnod 1425−75. Mae’r testun yn nelwedd y clawr blaen yn cynnwys rhan agoriadol Pwyll y Pader o Ddull Hu Sant, cyfieithiad Cymraeg o De Quinque Septenis seu Septenariis Opusculum, gan Hu Sant (Hugo o St. Victor). Rhan o ramadeg barddol a geir ar y clawr ôl. Logo and cover design The XVIth Congress logo was designed by Tom Pollock and is based on the Capel Garmon Firedog (c. 50BC-AD50) which was discovered in 1852 near Carreg Goedog farm, Capel Garmon, near Llanrwst, Conwy. Further information will be found on the St Fagans National Museum of History wesite: https://museum.wales/iron_age_teachers/artefacts/capel_garmon_firedog/?_ga=2.228244894.2013091070.156282 7471-35887991.1562827471 The cover design, by Meilyr Lynch, is based on images from Bangor 1 Manuscript (Bangor University Archives and Special Collections) which was copied 1425−75. The text on the front cover is the opening part of Pwyll y Pader o Ddull Hu Sant, a Welsh translation of De Quinque Septenis seu Septenariis Opusculum (Hugo of St. Victor). The back-cover text comes from the Bangor 1 bardic grammar. Cysodwyd gan Aled ab Ifan. Argraffwyd gan Uned Argraffu a Rhwymo Prifysgol Bangor YR XIVEG GYNGRES ASTUDIAETHAU CELTAIDD RYNGWLADOL 22–26 GORFFENNAF 2019 PRIFYSGOL BANGOR XVITH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF CELTIC STUDIES 22–26 JULY 2019 BANGOR UNIVERSITY RHAGLEN PROGRAMME SWYDDOGION A PHWYLLGORAU OFFICIALS AND COMMITTEES PWYLLGOR RHYNGWLADOL Y GYNGRES THE CONGRESS’S INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE Patrick Sims-Williams (Aberystwyth), Llywydd/President, Ruairí Ó hUiginn (Dulyn/BÁC), Ysgrifennydd/Secretary Patrick Wadden (CSANA), Raimund Karl (Societas Celtologica Europaea), Hervé Le Bihan (Roazhon/Rennes), Thomas Clancy (Glaschu/Glasgow), Henar Velasco López (Salamanca), Peredur Lynch (Bangor), Catherine McKenna (Harvard), Máire Ní Mhaonaigh (Caer-grawnt/Cambridge), Ailbhe Ó Corráin (Ulaidh/Ulster), Elisa Roma (Pavia), Ranke de Vries (Nova Scotia), Alderik Blom (Marburg), Abigail Burnyeat (Caeredin/Edinburgh), Deborah Hayden (Maigh Nuad/Maynooth), Siwan Rosser (Caerdydd/Cardiff). YR XVIEG GYNGRES ASTUDIAETHAU CELTAIDD RYNGWLADOL THE XVITH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF CELTIC STUDIES LLYWYDDION ANRHYDEDDUS HONORARY PRESIDENTS Dr Haydn Edwards, Marian Wyn Jones Syr Emyr Jones Parry CYD-GYFARWYDDWYR CO-DIRECTORS Yr Athro Peredur Lynch a Dr Aled Llion Jones PRIF WEINYDDWRAIG CHIEF ADMINISTRATOR Nerys Boggan PWYLLGOR TREFNU ORGANISING COMMITTEE Yr Athro Jason Walford Davies, Yr Athro Nancy Edwards, William Farnell (Cyllid/Finance), Jenny Greene, Llŷr Titus Hughes, Yr Athro Angharad Price, Stephen Rees, Dr Euryn R. Roberts, Llinos Stone, Yr Athro Huw Pryce, Yr Athro Gerwyn Wiliams STIWARDIAID STEWARDS Jennifer Bell, Olivia Britter, Eleri Cwyfan Davies, Thomas Davies, Alasdair Dow, Rhys Fletcher, Charlotte Gale, Nebu George, Manon Gwynant, Llewelyn Hopwood, Leona Huey, Catrin Huws (Prif Stiward), Gehad Ibrahim, Sadie Jarrett, Catherine Jones, Ceinwen Jones, Tomos Ifan Lynch, Mari McGuinness, Osian McGuinness, Sean Martin, Raul Muntean, Ryan Owen, Amy Reynolds, Kai Saraceno, Cadi Gwen Siôn, Carwyn Siôn, Helen Williams Ellis, Vasilisa Zakrasina CYNNWYS CONTENTS Gair o groeso gan yr Is-Ganghellor Dros Dro 5 A Word of Welcome from the Interim Vice-Chancellor 5 Llywyddion Anrhydeddus a Noddwyr 7 Honorary Presidents and Sponsors 8 Astudiaethau Cymreig a Cheltaidd ym Mangor 10 Welsh and Celtic Studies at Bangor 13 Cyngresau’r Gorffennol 16 Past Congresses 16 Rhaglen Academaidd 17 Academic Programme 17 Crynodeb o’r Rhaglen 34 Programme Summary 35 Rhaglen Gymdeithasol a Chelfyddydol 36 Social and Artistic Programme 38 Crynodebau: Papurau Unigol 41 Abstracts: Individual Papers 41 Bordydd Crynion, Gweithdai a Phaneli Arbennig Eraill 120 Round Tables, Workshops and Other Special Sessions 120 Trafodion Cyngresau Blaenorol 127 Published proceedings of previous Congresses 127 Fàilte | Croeso | Fáilte | Dynnargh Failt | Degemer Mat GAIR O GROESO GAN IS-GANGHELLOR DROS DRO PRIFYSGOL BANGOR Pleser o’r mwyaf yw eich croesawu’n ffurfiol i’r XVIeg Gyngres Geltaidd Ryngwladol ym Mhrifysgol Bangor eleni. Hwn fydd pedwerydd ymweliad y Gyngres â Chymru ers y digwyddiad cyntaf a gynhaliwyd yn Nulyn ym 1959, a dyma’r tro cyntaf iddi ddod i Fangor. Gwahoddwyd y Gyngres yn ffurfiol i Fangor dros bedair blynedd yn ôl gan fy rhagflaenydd, yr Athro John G. Hughes, ac rwyf yn ddiolchgar i bwyllgor rhyngwladol y Gyngres am dderbyn y gwahoddiad hwnnw. Heb frwdfrydedd a chefnogaeth lwyr yr Athro Hughes, gwn y byddai trefnu digwyddiad mor fawr ac amlweddog wedi bod hyd yn oed yn fwy o her i’m cydweithwyr nag y bu. Ac yntau’n siarad Gwyddeleg a Chymraeg yn rhugl, deallai’n iawn arwyddocâd cynnal y Gyngres ym Mangor, a gwyddai y byddai hwn yn ddigwyddiad o bwys yn hanes y brifysgol. Bydd y XVIeg Gyngres yn gyfle gwych i ysgolheigion ym maes Astudiaethau Celtaidd sgwrsio, trafod a chydymwneud â’i gilydd unwaith yn rhagor. Caiff hen gyfeillion – a hen elynion, hyd yn oed! – ddod eto ynghyd; caiff syniadau blaengar eu gwyntyllu; caiff ysgolheigion ifanc gyfle i dorri tir newydd; a diau y caiff sawl hen ragdybiaeth ei herio hefyd. Trwy ymgom academaidd yn ogystal â thrwy gymdeithasu, daw cyfle i feithrin cysylltiadau a chreu cyfeillion newydd – a hyn i gyd yng nghysgod tirwedd odidog Eryri. Wrth gwrs, mae ysgolheictod yn croesi ffiniau o bob math, ac yn y dyddiau ynysig sydd ohoni, dathlwn y ffaith fod Astudiaethau Celtaidd yn ddisgyblaeth wirioneddol ryngwladol ac y bydd Bangor, am wythnos y mis Gorffennaf hwn, yn gyrchfan i gymuned ddisglair o ysgolheigion Celtaidd o bedwar ban byd. I’r rhai ohonom sy’n gweithio ym Mhrifysgol Bangor, mae’r Gyngres hefyd yn gyfle inni ddathlu cyfraniad hir a nodedig Bangor i faes Astudiaethau Celtaidd. Carwn annog yr holl gyfranwyr i ymweld â’r arddangosfa ‘Astudiaethau Celtaidd ym Mangor’ a drefnwyd yn arbennig gan uned Archifau a Chasgliadau Arbennig ein Gwasanaeth Llyfrgell i gyd-fynd â’r Gyngres. Bwrw golwg yn ôl ar hanes a llwyddiannau’r gorffennol a wna’r arddangosfa hon, o reidrwydd, ond mae’r Gymraeg ac Astudiaethau Celtiadd mor hyfyw ag erioed ym Mangor. Dangosodd Fframwaith Rhagoriaeth Ymchwil 2014 fod Ysgol y Gymraeg ac Astudiaethau Celtiadd yn cynhyrchu ymchwil o’r radd flaenaf, ac o blith holl ysgolion Prifysgol Bangor, hi sy’n perfformio’n gyson orau yn Arolwg Cenedlaethol y Myfyrwyr a gynhelir drwy’r Deyrnas Unedig bob blwyddyn. Mewn meysydd fel archaeoleg, hanes, ieithyddiaeth a cherddoriaeth, atgyfnerthir arbenigedd Celtaidd Prifysgol Bangor gan ein cydweithwyr mewn ysgolion academaidd eraill, ac amlygir y berthynas ddeinamig rhwng ymchwil ac effaith yn gryf mewn meysydd fel ysgrifennu creadigol, astudiaethau cyfieithu, cynllunio ieithyddol a thechnolegau iaith. Wrth ddod i Fangor, mae’r Gyngres, wrth gwrs, yn dod i ran o Gymru lle siaredir iaith Geltaidd – y Gymraeg – yn ddyddiol gan fwyafrif y boblogaeth. Nododd Cyfrifiad 2011 bod 65.4% o bobl Gwynedd yn siarad Cymraeg, ac mewn ardaloedd fel Caernarfon roedd y ganran mor uchel â 85.6%. Mae’n destun balchder mawr i ni ym Mangor mai yma y mae’r polisi dwyieithrwydd mwyaf pellgyrhaeddol a deinamig o blith holl brifysgolion y D.U. ac Iwerddon. O ’r holl fyfyrwyr yng Nghymru sy’n astudio ar gyfer graddau trwy gyfrwng y Gymraeg, mae eu hanner yn fyfyrwyr yma ym Mhrifysgol Bangor. Ni sydd â’r nifer fwyaf o ddarlithwyr a all ddysgu trwy gyfrwng y Gymraeg; ac mae cyfran sylweddol o’n gweinyddu mewnol hefyd yn digwydd yn yr iaith. Trwy ein polisi iaith, rydym nid yn unig yn arddel amrywiaeth, ond yn ei ymgorffori’n ymarferol, ac wrth wneud hynny, down yn rhan o gymuned academaidd ehangach y mae dwyieithrwydd ac amlieithrwydd yn rhannau creiddiol a naturiol ohoni. Gobeithio y byddwch yn mwynhau eich ymweliad â Bangor ac y bydd y Gyngres, yn academaidd ac yn gymde ithasol, yn llwyddiant ac yn ysbrydoliaeth i chi. Os mai dyma’r tro cyntaf i chi ddod i Fangor, brysiwch yn ôl eto, er mwyn i chi gael manteisio ar y cyfoeth o bethau sydd gennym i’w gynnig yma. A WORD OF WELCOME FROM THE INTERIM VICE-CHANCELLOR OF BANGOR UNIVERSITY It gives me immense pleasure to formally welcome the XVI th International Congress of Celtic Studies to Bangor University. Since the first meeting in Dublin in 1959 this will be the Congress’s fourth visit to Wales and its first visit here to Bangor. At an institutional level, the Congress was formally invited to Bangor, more than four years ago, by my predecessor Professor John G. Hughes. I’m grateful to the Congress’s international committee for accepting his invitation and I’m acutely aware that organising such a complex event during the intervening years would have posed even greater challenges for my colleagues were it not for Professor Hughes’s enthusiasm and sterling support. As a speaker of both Irish and Welsh, he fully realised that the Congress’s visit to Bangor would be a truly significant event for the institution. The XVIth Congress will be an opportunity for dialogue, debate and interaction in the field of Celtic. Old friendships – and, dare I say, some old rivalries – will be rekindled; new ideas will be explored and challenged; young scholars will emerge and make their mark; orthodoxies will be overturned, and, through academic deliberation and the opportunity to socialise, I hope that new and lasting friendships will also be forged here in the shadow of Snowdonia. 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    The Historical Journal, , (), pp. – © Cambridge University Press This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/./), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. doi:./SX THE REPRESENTATION OF FEMALE CLAIMANTS BEFORE THE TRUSTEES FOR THE IRISH FORFEITURES, – * FRANCES NOLAN Maynooth University ABSTRACT. This article examines the rate and nature of female representation before the board of trustees for the forfeited estates in Ireland, established by the Act of Resumption in . The legis- lation was introduced by a discontented English parliament to nullify William III’s grants of forfeited Irish land, which he awarded after victory over James II in the War of the Two Kings (–). The act’s remit extended well beyond the resumption of freehold land, incorporating real property, jud- gements, securities, obligations, debts, and goods and chattels forfeited by outlawed Jacobites. It was also retroactive, as all parties with a legitimate title to a property that predated February were entitled to enter a claim. Using a printed list of , claims submitted to the trustees, this article analyses the commonality of female claimants, considers their economic, social, and marital status, and identifies the legal or equitable basis for their representation before the trustees. In doing so, it examines prenuptial and familial practices in post-Restoration Ireland, underlines the economic importance of marriage and inheritance as means of conveyance, and suggests that women’s and female minors’ successful claims provided a number of Catholic families with a lifeline in the early eighteenth century.
  • The Bard of the Black Chair: Ellis Evans and Memorializing the Great War in Wales

    The Bard of the Black Chair: Ellis Evans and Memorializing the Great War in Wales

    Volume 3 │ Issue 1 │ 2018 The Bard of the Black Chair: Ellis Evans and Memorializing the Great War in Wales McKinley Terry Abilene Christian University Texas Psi Chapter Vol. 3(1), 2018 Article Title: The Bard of the Black Chair: Ellis Evans and Memorializing the Great War in Wales DOI: 10.21081/AX0173 ISSN: 2381-800X Key Words: Wales, poets, 20th Century, World War I, memorials, bards This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Author contact information is available from the Editor at [email protected]. Aletheia—The Alpha Chi Journal of Undergraduate Scholarship • This publication is an online, peer-reviewed, interdisciplinary undergraduate journal, whose mission is to promote high quality research and scholarship among undergraduates by showcasing exemplary work. • Submissions can be in any basic or applied field of study, including the physical and life sciences, the social sciences, the humanities, education, engineering, and the arts. • Publication in Aletheia will recognize students who excel academically and foster mentor/mentee relationships between faculty and students. • In keeping with the strong tradition of student involvement in all levels of Alpha Chi, the journal will also provide a forum for students to become actively involved in the writing, peer review, and publication process. • More information and instructions for authors is available under the publications tab at www.AlphaChiHonor.org. Questions to the editor may be directed to [email protected]. Alpha Chi is a national college honor society that admits students from all academic disciplines, with membership limited to the top 10 percent of an institution’s juniors, seniors, and graduate students.
  • Pages Ffuglen:Pages Canon 30/6/08 16:34 Page I

    Pages Ffuglen:Pages Canon 30/6/08 16:34 Page I

    Y Meddwl a’r Dychymyg Cymreig FfugLen Y Ddelwedd o Gymru yn y Nofel Gymraeg o Ddechrau’r Chwedegau hyd at 1990 Enid Jones Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru Pages FfugLen:Pages Canon 30/6/08 16:34 Page i FfugLen Pages FfugLen:Pages Canon 30/6/08 16:34 Page ii Y MEDDWL A’R DYCHYMYG CYMREIG Golygydd Cyffredinol John Rowlands Cyfrolau a ymddangosodd yn y gyfres hyd yn hyn: 1. M. Wynn Thomas (gol.), DiFfinio Dwy Lenyddiaeth Cymru (1995) 2. Gerwyn Wiliams, Tir Neb (1996) (Llyfr y Flwyddyn 1997; Enillydd Gwobr Goffa Ellis Griffith) 3. Paul Birt, Cerddi Alltudiaeth (1997) 4. E. G. Millward, Yr Arwrgerdd Gymraeg (1998) 5. Jane Aaron, Pur fel y Dur (1998) (Enillydd Gwobr Goffa Ellis Griffith) 6. Grahame Davies, Sefyll yn y Bwlch (1999) 7. John Rowlands (gol.), Y Sêr yn eu Graddau (2000) 8. Jerry Hunter, Soffestri’r Saeson (2000) (Rhestr Fer Llyfr y Flwyddyn 2001) 9. M. Wynn Thomas (gol.), Gweld Sêr (2001) 10. Angharad Price, Rhwng Gwyn a Du (2002) 11. Jason Walford Davies, Gororau’r Iaith (2003) (Rhestr Fer Llyfr y Flwyddyn 2004) 12. Roger Owen, Ar Wasgar (2003) 13. T. Robin Chapman, Meibion Afradlon a Chymeriadau Eraill (2004) 14. Simon Brooks, O Dan Lygaid y Gestapo (2004) (Rhestr Hir Llyfr y Flwyddyn 2005) 15. Gerwyn Wiliams, Tir Newydd (2005) 16. Ioan Williams, Y Mudiad Drama yng Nghymru 1880–1940 (2006) 17. Owen Thomas (gol.), Llenyddiaeth mewn Theori (2006) 18. Sioned Puw Rowlands, Hwyaid, Cwningod a Sgwarnogod (2006) 19. Tudur Hallam, Canon Ein Llên (2007) Pages FfugLen:Pages Canon 30/6/08 16:34 Page iii Y MEDDWL A’R DYCHYMYG CYMREIG FfugLen Y Ddelwedd o Gymru yn y Nofel Gymraeg o Ddechrau’r Chwedegau hyd at 1990 Enid Jones GWASG PRIFYSGOL CYMRU CAERDYDD 2008 Pages FfugLen:Pages Canon 30/6/08 16:34 Page iv h Enid Jones, 2008 Cedwir pob hawl.
  • Ieuenctid Y Fro Yn Llwyddo a Rhodd Hael I Elusen

    Ieuenctid Y Fro Yn Llwyddo a Rhodd Hael I Elusen

    Rhifyn 318 - 60c www.clonc.co.uk - Yn aelod o Fforwm Papurau Bro Ceredigion Tachwedd 2013 Papur Bro ardal plwyfi: Cellan, Llanbedr Pont Steffan, Llanbedr Wledig, Llanfair Clydogau, Llangybi, Llanllwni, Llanwenog, Llanwnnen, Llanybydder, Llanycrwys ac Uwch Gaeo a Phencarreg Clonc Cadwyn Osian ar y yn ennill Cyfrinachau brig gyda’r Eisteddfod yr Ifanc arall bowlio Tudalen 3 Tudalen 15 Tudalen 28 Ieuenctid y fro yn llwyddo a rhodd hael i elusen Caitlin Page, [ar y chwith] disgybl yn Ysgol Bro Pedr a wnaeth yn dda yn un o’r 20 a ddaeth i’r brig yn y Ras Ryngwladol ar Fynydd-dir ym mis Medi. Roedd Caitlin yn rhedeg yn y Tîm Arian. Coronwen Neal, [ar y dde] disgybl yn Ysgol Bro Bedr, Llambed a fu mewn gwersyll chwaraeon gyda’r Cadets yn Aberhonddu ar Fedi’r 28ain a 29ain a dod yn gyntaf yn y ras tair milltir. Llongyfarchiadau mawr iddi ar ei llwyddiant a phob lwc iddi yn y gystadleuaeth nesaf lle bydd hi’n cynrychioli Cymru. Y criw a gymerodd ran yn y Lap o Gymru adeg y Pasg yn trosglwyddo siec gwerth £15,255.14 i bwyllgor Llanybydder a Llambed, Ymchwil y Cancr. Yn y llun gwelir Llyr Davies a fu yn trefnu’r daith yn cyflwyno’r siec i swyddogion y pwyllgor sef Ieuan Davies, Lucy Jones a Susan Evans. Hefyd yn y llun mae nifer o’r rhai a fu yn cymryd rhan yn y daith, Rhys Jones, Tracey Davies, Kelly Davies, Emma Davies a Michelle Davies. Pedwar arall a fu’n cymryd rhan ond a fethodd â bod yn bresennol oedd Dyfrig Davies, Angharad Morgan, Llyr Jones a Mererid Davies.
  • Female Arthurian Scholars: an Initial Collection of Tributes

    Female Arthurian Scholars: an Initial Collection of Tributes

    JIAS 2019; 7(1): 3–41 Samantha J. Rayner* Female Arthurian Scholars: An Initial Collection of Tributes https://doi.org/10.1515/jias-2019-0002 When we sent out for help with a piece on female Arthurian scholars, we had no idea what a rich set of responses we would receive. What follows is an eclectic collection of over twenty short pieces on international female Arthurian schol- ars, past and present: some are very personal reminiscences, some more formal appreciations, but together they constitute the start of a wonderful bank of infor- mation recording the impact female scholars have made on our field. This is not a comprehensive, or selective, survey: we hope this initial chapter will be the inspi- ration for more submissions for future issues of JIAS, so we can continue to collect these histories. Please get in touch if you would like to offer an entry; meanwhile, we hope you enjoy this compendium, and send thanks to all our valiant contribu- tors who responded with such speed and enthusiasm to our SOS! Samantha Rayner ELIZABETH ARCHIBALD Elizabeth F. Archibald’s continuing contribution to the field of Arthurian studies is as rich as it is, in part, because it belongs to a larger contribution she is making to medieval studies generally. Also trained as a classicist, she is one of our most perspicacious readers of medieval Latin texts and traditions. Besides her mono- graph Apollonius of Tyre: Medieval and Renaissance Themes and Variations (Cam- bridge: D. S. Brewer, 1991), she has published on ancient romance, the Ruodlieb, and fifteenth-century macaronic poetry.