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Download the Programme for the Xvith International Congress of Celtic Studies Logo a chynllun y clawr Cynlluniwyd logo’r XVIeg Gyngres gan Tom Pollock, ac mae’n seiliedig ar Frigwrn Capel Garmon (tua 50CC-OC50) a ddarganfuwyd ym 1852 ger fferm Carreg Goedog, Capel Garmon, ger Llanrwst, Conwy. Ceir rhagor o wybodaeth ar wefan Sain Ffagan Amgueddfa Werin Cymru: https://amgueddfa.cymru/oes_haearn_athrawon/gwrthrychau/brigwrn_capel_garmon/?_ga=2.228244894.201309 1070.1562827471-35887991.1562827471 Cynlluniwyd y clawr gan Meilyr Lynch ar sail delweddau o Lawysgrif Bangor 1 (Archifau a Chasgliadau Arbennig Prifysgol Bangor) a luniwyd yn y cyfnod 1425−75. Mae’r testun yn nelwedd y clawr blaen yn cynnwys rhan agoriadol Pwyll y Pader o Ddull Hu Sant, cyfieithiad Cymraeg o De Quinque Septenis seu Septenariis Opusculum, gan Hu Sant (Hugo o St. Victor). Rhan o ramadeg barddol a geir ar y clawr ôl. Logo and cover design The XVIth Congress logo was designed by Tom Pollock and is based on the Capel Garmon Firedog (c. 50BC-AD50) which was discovered in 1852 near Carreg Goedog farm, Capel Garmon, near Llanrwst, Conwy. Further information will be found on the St Fagans National Museum of History wesite: https://museum.wales/iron_age_teachers/artefacts/capel_garmon_firedog/?_ga=2.228244894.2013091070.156282 7471-35887991.1562827471 The cover design, by Meilyr Lynch, is based on images from Bangor 1 Manuscript (Bangor University Archives and Special Collections) which was copied 1425−75. The text on the front cover is the opening part of Pwyll y Pader o Ddull Hu Sant, a Welsh translation of De Quinque Septenis seu Septenariis Opusculum (Hugo of St. Victor). The back-cover text comes from the Bangor 1 bardic grammar. Cysodwyd gan Aled ab Ifan. Argraffwyd gan Uned Argraffu a Rhwymo Prifysgol Bangor YR XIVEG GYNGRES ASTUDIAETHAU CELTAIDD RYNGWLADOL 22–26 GORFFENNAF 2019 PRIFYSGOL BANGOR XVITH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF CELTIC STUDIES 22–26 JULY 2019 BANGOR UNIVERSITY RHAGLEN PROGRAMME SWYDDOGION A PHWYLLGORAU OFFICIALS AND COMMITTEES PWYLLGOR RHYNGWLADOL Y GYNGRES THE CONGRESS’S INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE Patrick Sims-Williams (Aberystwyth), Llywydd/President, Ruairí Ó hUiginn (Dulyn/BÁC), Ysgrifennydd/Secretary Patrick Wadden (CSANA), Raimund Karl (Societas Celtologica Europaea), Hervé Le Bihan (Roazhon/Rennes), Thomas Clancy (Glaschu/Glasgow), Henar Velasco López (Salamanca), Peredur Lynch (Bangor), Catherine McKenna (Harvard), Máire Ní Mhaonaigh (Caer-grawnt/Cambridge), Ailbhe Ó Corráin (Ulaidh/Ulster), Elisa Roma (Pavia), Ranke de Vries (Nova Scotia), Alderik Blom (Marburg), Abigail Burnyeat (Caeredin/Edinburgh), Deborah Hayden (Maigh Nuad/Maynooth), Siwan Rosser (Caerdydd/Cardiff). YR XVIEG GYNGRES ASTUDIAETHAU CELTAIDD RYNGWLADOL THE XVITH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF CELTIC STUDIES LLYWYDDION ANRHYDEDDUS HONORARY PRESIDENTS Dr Haydn Edwards, Marian Wyn Jones Syr Emyr Jones Parry CYD-GYFARWYDDWYR CO-DIRECTORS Yr Athro Peredur Lynch a Dr Aled Llion Jones PRIF WEINYDDWRAIG CHIEF ADMINISTRATOR Nerys Boggan PWYLLGOR TREFNU ORGANISING COMMITTEE Yr Athro Jason Walford Davies, Yr Athro Nancy Edwards, William Farnell (Cyllid/Finance), Jenny Greene, Llŷr Titus Hughes, Yr Athro Angharad Price, Stephen Rees, Dr Euryn R. Roberts, Llinos Stone, Yr Athro Huw Pryce, Yr Athro Gerwyn Wiliams STIWARDIAID STEWARDS Jennifer Bell, Olivia Britter, Eleri Cwyfan Davies, Thomas Davies, Alasdair Dow, Rhys Fletcher, Charlotte Gale, Nebu George, Manon Gwynant, Llewelyn Hopwood, Leona Huey, Catrin Huws (Prif Stiward), Gehad Ibrahim, Sadie Jarrett, Catherine Jones, Ceinwen Jones, Tomos Ifan Lynch, Mari McGuinness, Osian McGuinness, Sean Martin, Raul Muntean, Ryan Owen, Amy Reynolds, Kai Saraceno, Cadi Gwen Siôn, Carwyn Siôn, Helen Williams Ellis, Vasilisa Zakrasina CYNNWYS CONTENTS Gair o groeso gan yr Is-Ganghellor Dros Dro 5 A Word of Welcome from the Interim Vice-Chancellor 5 Llywyddion Anrhydeddus a Noddwyr 7 Honorary Presidents and Sponsors 8 Astudiaethau Cymreig a Cheltaidd ym Mangor 10 Welsh and Celtic Studies at Bangor 13 Cyngresau’r Gorffennol 16 Past Congresses 16 Rhaglen Academaidd 17 Academic Programme 17 Crynodeb o’r Rhaglen 34 Programme Summary 35 Rhaglen Gymdeithasol a Chelfyddydol 36 Social and Artistic Programme 38 Crynodebau: Papurau Unigol 41 Abstracts: Individual Papers 41 Bordydd Crynion, Gweithdai a Phaneli Arbennig Eraill 120 Round Tables, Workshops and Other Special Sessions 120 Trafodion Cyngresau Blaenorol 127 Published proceedings of previous Congresses 127 Fàilte | Croeso | Fáilte | Dynnargh Failt | Degemer Mat GAIR O GROESO GAN IS-GANGHELLOR DROS DRO PRIFYSGOL BANGOR Pleser o’r mwyaf yw eich croesawu’n ffurfiol i’r XVIeg Gyngres Geltaidd Ryngwladol ym Mhrifysgol Bangor eleni. Hwn fydd pedwerydd ymweliad y Gyngres â Chymru ers y digwyddiad cyntaf a gynhaliwyd yn Nulyn ym 1959, a dyma’r tro cyntaf iddi ddod i Fangor. Gwahoddwyd y Gyngres yn ffurfiol i Fangor dros bedair blynedd yn ôl gan fy rhagflaenydd, yr Athro John G. Hughes, ac rwyf yn ddiolchgar i bwyllgor rhyngwladol y Gyngres am dderbyn y gwahoddiad hwnnw. Heb frwdfrydedd a chefnogaeth lwyr yr Athro Hughes, gwn y byddai trefnu digwyddiad mor fawr ac amlweddog wedi bod hyd yn oed yn fwy o her i’m cydweithwyr nag y bu. Ac yntau’n siarad Gwyddeleg a Chymraeg yn rhugl, deallai’n iawn arwyddocâd cynnal y Gyngres ym Mangor, a gwyddai y byddai hwn yn ddigwyddiad o bwys yn hanes y brifysgol. Bydd y XVIeg Gyngres yn gyfle gwych i ysgolheigion ym maes Astudiaethau Celtaidd sgwrsio, trafod a chydymwneud â’i gilydd unwaith yn rhagor. Caiff hen gyfeillion – a hen elynion, hyd yn oed! – ddod eto ynghyd; caiff syniadau blaengar eu gwyntyllu; caiff ysgolheigion ifanc gyfle i dorri tir newydd; a diau y caiff sawl hen ragdybiaeth ei herio hefyd. Trwy ymgom academaidd yn ogystal â thrwy gymdeithasu, daw cyfle i feithrin cysylltiadau a chreu cyfeillion newydd – a hyn i gyd yng nghysgod tirwedd odidog Eryri. Wrth gwrs, mae ysgolheictod yn croesi ffiniau o bob math, ac yn y dyddiau ynysig sydd ohoni, dathlwn y ffaith fod Astudiaethau Celtaidd yn ddisgyblaeth wirioneddol ryngwladol ac y bydd Bangor, am wythnos y mis Gorffennaf hwn, yn gyrchfan i gymuned ddisglair o ysgolheigion Celtaidd o bedwar ban byd. I’r rhai ohonom sy’n gweithio ym Mhrifysgol Bangor, mae’r Gyngres hefyd yn gyfle inni ddathlu cyfraniad hir a nodedig Bangor i faes Astudiaethau Celtaidd. Carwn annog yr holl gyfranwyr i ymweld â’r arddangosfa ‘Astudiaethau Celtaidd ym Mangor’ a drefnwyd yn arbennig gan uned Archifau a Chasgliadau Arbennig ein Gwasanaeth Llyfrgell i gyd-fynd â’r Gyngres. Bwrw golwg yn ôl ar hanes a llwyddiannau’r gorffennol a wna’r arddangosfa hon, o reidrwydd, ond mae’r Gymraeg ac Astudiaethau Celtiadd mor hyfyw ag erioed ym Mangor. Dangosodd Fframwaith Rhagoriaeth Ymchwil 2014 fod Ysgol y Gymraeg ac Astudiaethau Celtiadd yn cynhyrchu ymchwil o’r radd flaenaf, ac o blith holl ysgolion Prifysgol Bangor, hi sy’n perfformio’n gyson orau yn Arolwg Cenedlaethol y Myfyrwyr a gynhelir drwy’r Deyrnas Unedig bob blwyddyn. Mewn meysydd fel archaeoleg, hanes, ieithyddiaeth a cherddoriaeth, atgyfnerthir arbenigedd Celtaidd Prifysgol Bangor gan ein cydweithwyr mewn ysgolion academaidd eraill, ac amlygir y berthynas ddeinamig rhwng ymchwil ac effaith yn gryf mewn meysydd fel ysgrifennu creadigol, astudiaethau cyfieithu, cynllunio ieithyddol a thechnolegau iaith. Wrth ddod i Fangor, mae’r Gyngres, wrth gwrs, yn dod i ran o Gymru lle siaredir iaith Geltaidd – y Gymraeg – yn ddyddiol gan fwyafrif y boblogaeth. Nododd Cyfrifiad 2011 bod 65.4% o bobl Gwynedd yn siarad Cymraeg, ac mewn ardaloedd fel Caernarfon roedd y ganran mor uchel â 85.6%. Mae’n destun balchder mawr i ni ym Mangor mai yma y mae’r polisi dwyieithrwydd mwyaf pellgyrhaeddol a deinamig o blith holl brifysgolion y D.U. ac Iwerddon. O ’r holl fyfyrwyr yng Nghymru sy’n astudio ar gyfer graddau trwy gyfrwng y Gymraeg, mae eu hanner yn fyfyrwyr yma ym Mhrifysgol Bangor. Ni sydd â’r nifer fwyaf o ddarlithwyr a all ddysgu trwy gyfrwng y Gymraeg; ac mae cyfran sylweddol o’n gweinyddu mewnol hefyd yn digwydd yn yr iaith. Trwy ein polisi iaith, rydym nid yn unig yn arddel amrywiaeth, ond yn ei ymgorffori’n ymarferol, ac wrth wneud hynny, down yn rhan o gymuned academaidd ehangach y mae dwyieithrwydd ac amlieithrwydd yn rhannau creiddiol a naturiol ohoni. Gobeithio y byddwch yn mwynhau eich ymweliad â Bangor ac y bydd y Gyngres, yn academaidd ac yn gymde ithasol, yn llwyddiant ac yn ysbrydoliaeth i chi. Os mai dyma’r tro cyntaf i chi ddod i Fangor, brysiwch yn ôl eto, er mwyn i chi gael manteisio ar y cyfoeth o bethau sydd gennym i’w gynnig yma. A WORD OF WELCOME FROM THE INTERIM VICE-CHANCELLOR OF BANGOR UNIVERSITY It gives me immense pleasure to formally welcome the XVI th International Congress of Celtic Studies to Bangor University. Since the first meeting in Dublin in 1959 this will be the Congress’s fourth visit to Wales and its first visit here to Bangor. At an institutional level, the Congress was formally invited to Bangor, more than four years ago, by my predecessor Professor John G. Hughes. I’m grateful to the Congress’s international committee for accepting his invitation and I’m acutely aware that organising such a complex event during the intervening years would have posed even greater challenges for my colleagues were it not for Professor Hughes’s enthusiasm and sterling support. As a speaker of both Irish and Welsh, he fully realised that the Congress’s visit to Bangor would be a truly significant event for the institution. The XVIth Congress will be an opportunity for dialogue, debate and interaction in the field of Celtic. Old friendships – and, dare I say, some old rivalries – will be rekindled; new ideas will be explored and challenged; young scholars will emerge and make their mark; orthodoxies will be overturned, and, through academic deliberation and the opportunity to socialise, I hope that new and lasting friendships will also be forged here in the shadow of Snowdonia. A glance at the academic affiliations of delegates shows the truly worldwide reach of Celtic studies.
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