DOCSLIB.ORG

Ettore Majorana Foundation and Centre for Scientific Culture

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ettore Majorana Foundation and Centre for Scientific Culture ETTORE MAJORANA FOUNDATION AND CENTRE FOR SCIENTIFIC CULTURE RIVISTA INTERNAZIONALE DI DIRITTO COMUNE 17 `ý+aAwR1 t GG EDIZIONI --IL--CIGNO Ro\1A 2006 ERicE KENNETH PENNINGTON The Birth of the Ius commmnune:King Roger II's Legislation Charles Homer Haskins wrote about the Normans in Sicily as elegantly and insightfully as anyone before or since. In The Normans in European History he expressed his admiration for King Roger II (1130- 1154)1: It is not too much to call the kingdom of Roger and his successors the first modern state, just as Roger's non-feudal policy, far-sightedness and diplomatic skill have sometimes won for him the title of the first modern king. Haskins may have admired Emperor Frederick II even more but argued that many of Frederick's virtues had their origins in Roger's cosmopolitan Palermo2. "No where else", he observed, "did Latin, Greek, and Arabic civilization live side by side in peace and toleration"3. He pointed out that Sicily was the "natural meeting-point of Greek, Arabic, and Latin civilization, and a natural avenue for the transmission of eastern art and learning to the West"4. The scattered artifacts and architectural monuments that remain of Roger's capital city, Palermo, provide startling and evocative evidence for Haskins' generalization. Art historians have demonstrated that Roger exploited all three cultures in his kingdom. They have argued that he imported objects, craftsmen, and materials from all over the Mediterranean to build and decorate his buildings. These multi-cultural artisans also provided him with his robes, the symbols of his office, and even his tombs5. Historians have long known that Roger adopted I (Boston-New York 1915) 233. 2 Ibid. 234. 3 Ibid. 235 a Ibid. b To justify this generalization would require many pages of text, illustrations, and numerous footnotes; I shall cite just a few works to give an entree into the literature: Ernst Kitzinger, The Mosaics of St. Mary's of the Admiral in Palermo (Dumbarton Oaks Studies 27; Washington, D. C. 1990); William Tronzo, The Cultures of his Kingdom: Roger II and the Capella Palatina in Palermo 23 Mxeni rENtiIxaro.N Byzantine and Arabic practices and utilized Greeks and Arabs in his court; he was indeed "a ruler between East and West"G. Roger II produced a body of legislation that scholars have dubbed the Assizes of Ariano. His legislation was important for several reasons: no other secular European prince promulgated such a sophisticated body of laws in the first half of the twelfth century; no other ruler ordered his legislation compiled into a systematically organized collection; his legislation reveals a close connection to the teaching and study of Roman law in Northern Italy; his constitutions may be the earliest example that we have of the nascent Ius commune's influence on secular law; and, finally the Emperor Frederick II's commission of jurists incorporated more than half of his legislation into the Constitutions of Frederick II in 1231 (also called The Liber Augustalis or The Constitutions of Melfi in the older literature7) that remained the law of the land in Southern Italy until the early nineteenth century',. If one wished to join Haskins in signaling the importance of the Normans in European history, one could do far worse than choosing Norman legislative activity in Sicily as a milestone in European legal history9. Scholars have debated, disputed, or (Princeton 1997); the superb exhibition catalogue Mobiles officinae: Die königlichen Hofwerkstätten zu Palermo zur Zeit der Normannen and Stattfcr im 12. and 13. Jh. (Vienna 2004); Josef Deer, The Dynastic Porphyry Tombs of the Norman Period in Sicily, translated by G. A. Gillhoff (Dumbarton Oaks Studies, 5. Cambridge, Massachusetts 1959). 6 For an introduction see Hubert Houben, Roger II of Sicily: A Ruler between East and West (Cambridge Medieval Textbooks; Cambridge-New York 2002; translated from the German by Graham A. Loud and Diane Milburn, from Roger II. von Sizilien, Darmstadt 1997) especially 99-165. Manlio Bellomo sketches the administrative and legal institutions of Roger's kingdom in Socielä c diritto nell'Italia medievale e moderna (Libri di Erice 30; 4th ed. Roma 2005) 195-242; see also the important study of Jeremy Johns, Arabic Administration in Norman Sicily: The Royal Diwan (Cambridge Studies in Islamic Civilization; Cambridge: 2002). 7 There is a growing scholarly consensus that the titles that scholars have given to Roger's and Frederick's legislation are misleading and inaccurate. I will address the question of the titles at several points in this essay. 8 The appearance of Wolfgang Stürner's magnificent edition of the Constitutions has made work on Norman legislation much easier. In his introduction he has dealt with many of the contentious problems surrounding Roger's and William II's laws; on the question of the title of Frederick's Constitutions see Stürner, Die Konstitutionen Friedrichs 11. für das Königreich Sizilien (Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Constitutiones et Acta Publica imperatorum et Regum, 2 Supplementum; Hannover 1996) 7.8. 9 Norman legislation in England during the twelfth century was not nearly as sophisticated as that of their cousins in the South. Patrick Wormald has written: "<In the eleventh and twelfth centuries> The Italian materials would alone argue 24 THE BIRTH OF THE HIS COMMUNE KING ROGER II'S LEGISLATION not recognized the reasons that I have just given for the importance of Roger's legislative activity. I will try to justify all of them in this essay. Roger's Legislation, its Transmission, and Sources The early years of Roger's reign were turbulent. He was born in December 1095. Although he ruled in his own name from 1112 as count of Sicily and Calabria, his authority and rule were precarious. His fortunes improved in the late 1120's. First he inherited Apulia from his cousin William in 1127, and in 1128 Pope Honorius II recognized his claim to the Duchy. Roger supported the wrong pope, Anacletus II, against Pope Innocent II in the Schism of 1130 but profited greatly. Anacletus granted him Sicily, Apulia, and Calabria. However, he trampled on papal prerogatives when he had himself crowned King of Sicily on December 25,1130. His temerity led to a long dispute with the papacy. In 1139 Pope Innocent II led an army against Roger. The pope was defeated and taken prisoner near Gallucio. Consequently Innocent was forced to recognize Roger's royal claims and dominions in the Treaty of Mignano. Two passages from the chronicles have led scholars to believe that 1140 was a key date for Roger's legislation. Romuald of Salerno wrote that around 1140 King Roger ruled over a tranquil kingdom in which chamberlains and justiciars maintained peace. The king promulgated new laws and abolished bad customs10. Historians have argued that an the existence of a vigorous legal profession. Leges Henrici and its ilk are confirmation that there was none in England", The Making of English Law: King, Alfred to the Twelfth Century, 1: Legislation and its Limits (Oxford 1999) 470, and more generally pp. 465-483. See Leges Henrici priori, ed. and trans. L. J. Downer (Oxford 1972) 31; see also the remarks of Mario Caravale, `Giustizia e legislazione nelle assise di Ariano', Alle origini del costituzionalismo Europeo: Le di assise Ariano, 1140-1990 (Ariano Irpino 1996) 3-20 at 18-20, who emphasizes the point that both Norman kings emphasize their unitary authority over their kingdoms and their administration of justice. io Romuald of Salerno, Chronicon, ed. C. A. Garufi, Rerum Italicarum Scriptores (Bologna 1928, also Cittä di Castello 1935) 226: "Rex autem Rogerius in regno suo perfecte pacis tranquillitate positus, pro conservanda pace iustitiarios camerarios et per totam terram instituit, leges a se noviter conditas promulgavit, malas consuetudines de medio abstulit". For a good treatment of in law custom medieval see Andre Gouron, `Coutume contre loi chez les premiers Publications glossateurs', de la Societe d'histoire du droit et des institutions des de droit anciens pays dcrit, III: Renaissance du pouvoir ldgislatif et genese de l'etat, ed. Andre Gouron et Albert Rigaudiere (Montpellier 1988) 117-130 and 25 FiE,\'NEIiI eD,tiý. ý: croN even more important piece of information is contained in the chronicle of Falco of Benevento. He described a council in the city of Ariano in which the king enacted "innumerable acts" and a "terrible" edict in which coins from Rouen were banned from the realm". Falco condemned Roger's debasement of the currency'2. Scholars have concluded from this passage in Falco's Chronicle that some form of a collection of laws preserved in Vatican and Montecassino manuscripts was promulgated at Ariano ca. 114013. The Vatican manuscript is a crucial piece of evidence for Roger's legislative activity and for legal culture in the first half of the twelfth Kees Bezemer, `French Customs in the Commentaries of Jacques de Revigny', TRG 62 (1994) 81-112, with a detailed bibliography. 11Falco of Benevento, ed. Giuseppe Del Re, Cronisti e scrittori sincroni della dominazione normanna nel regno di Puglia a Sicilia, 1: 1 Norinanni (Napoli 18.15) 251: "Rex... Arianum civitatem advenit, ibique de innumeris suis actibus Curia Procerum et Episcoporum ordinata tractavit. Inter cactera etenlin suarum dispositionum, edictum terrible induxit... ut nemo in toto eius Regno viventiuin romesinas [coins from Rouen] accipiat... et mortali consilio accepto monetam suam introduxit, unam vero, cui ducatus nomen imposuit, octo romesinas valentem".
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Urban Society and Communal Independence in Twelfth-Century Southern Italy
    Urban society and communal independence in Twelfth-Century Southern Italy Paul Oldfield Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of PhD. The University of Leeds The School of History September 2006 The candidate confirms that the work submitted is his own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. Acknowledgements I would like to express my thanks for the help of so many different people, without which there would simply have been no thesis. The funding of the AHRC (formerly AHRB) and the support of the School of History at the University of Leeds made this research possible in the first place. I am grateful too for the general support, and advice on reading and sources, provided by Dr. A. J. Metcalfe, Dr. P. Skinner, Professor E. Van Houts, and Donald Matthew. Thanks also to Professor J-M. Martin, of the Ecole Francoise de Rome, for his continual eagerness to offer guidance and to discuss the subject. A particularly large thanks to Mr. I. S. Moxon, of the School of History at the University of Leeds, for innumerable afternoons spent pouring over troublesome Latin, for reading drafts, and for just chatting! Last but not least, I am hugely indebted to the support, understanding and endless efforts of my supervisor Professor G. A. Loud. His knowledge and energy for the subject has been infectious, and his generosity in offering me numerous personal translations of key narrative and documentary sources (many of which are used within) allowed this research to take shape and will never be forgotten.
    [Show full text]
  • The Monastery of Montevergine Its Foundation and Early Development
    The Monastery of Montevergine Its Foundation and Early Development (1118-1210) Isabella Laura Bolognese Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Leeds School of History September 2013 ~ i ~ The candidate confirms that the work submitted is her own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. The right of Isabella Laura Bolognese to be identified as Author of this work has been asserted by her in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. © 2013 The University of Leeds and Isabella Laura Bolognese ~ ii ~ ACKNOWLEDGMENTS What follows has been made possible by the support and guidance of a great many scholars, colleagues, family, and friends. I must first of all thank my supervisor, Prof. Graham Loud, who has been an endless source of knowledge, suggestions, criticism, and encouragement, of both the gentle and harsher kind when necessary, throughout the preparation and writing of my PhD, and especially for sharing with me a great deal of his own unpublished material on Cava and translations of primary sources. I must thank also the staff and colleagues at the Institute for Medieval Studies and the School of History, particularly those who read, commented, or made suggestions for my thesis: Dr Emilia Jamroziak and Dr William Flynn have both made important contributions to the writing and editing of this work.
    [Show full text]
  • THE Ferraris Chronicle Popes, Emperors, and Deeds in Rpulia 1096 - 1228
    THE Ferraris Chronicle Popes, emperors, and Deeds in Rpulia 1096 - 1228 Translation and Notes by acqueline Rlio PROLOGUE On a clear night in May of 1061, the Normans' sleek galleys, vessels reminiscent of the long ships of their Norse forebears, began transporting men, horses and arms to a place six miles south of Messina, disembarking along Sicily's Ionian coast. Each ship arrived silently, landing in Sicily and then going back across the strait to Calabria to bring more knights and foot men to the island. Sicily's Arabs expected an attack sooner or later, though from a more northern point directly across the strait at its nar­ rowest, hence their concentration of ships patrolling Tyrrhen­ ian \Vaters on the other side of Cape Faro. In the event, the undermanned garrison guarding Messina's seaside fortress was taken unawares, being unprepared for a ground assault from the south. By dawn, the Messinians, most of whom were Greek speakers, awoke to find their city, a springboard for trade as an important port, in Norman hands. Indeed, the fighting itself was brief and decisive. Most of the defenders were killed and few attackers injured. Although the invading force of knights, esquires, foot sol­ diers and archers consisted of thousands, the fortifications V \Vere taken by an initial wave of a few hundred under the com­ mand of Roger Hauteville, who advanced and attacked wi1h­ out waiting for addiuonal men to arrive from Calabria with his dder brother, the e9ually audacious Robert. The battlt: was fulluwt:d by tht: typical pillaging, along with the occasional rape.
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Characters in Dante's Divine Comedy
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2019 Uncovering The Sources: Historical Characters In Dante's Divine Comedy Vanessa Dimaggio University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Italian Literature Commons, Medieval History Commons, and the Medieval Studies Commons Recommended Citation Dimaggio, Vanessa, "Uncovering The Sources: Historical Characters In Dante's Divine Comedy" (2019). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 3486. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/3486 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/3486 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Uncovering The Sources: Historical Characters In Dante's Divine Comedy Abstract A lack of citation of Dante’s specific source material for historical characters who appear in the Divine Comedy is widespread throughout the commentary tradition. I performed a close textual analysis of the Divine Comedy’s historical characters, comparing them with the chronicles, annals and histories of Dante’s time, using both archival research and secondary histories to do so, and interpreted those primary historical texts as potential sources consulted by Dante. The historical characters I focused on fell into three categories: 1) characters involved in the battles of Montaperti and Colle Val d’Elsa, 2) characters belonging to or associated with the Norman, Swabian and Aragonese dynasties of Sicily, 3) characters embroiled in sensational or newsworthy events during Dante’s lifetime. The first two categories analyzed historical events that mostly occurred before Dante was born, and thus focused more heavily on written testimony, while the third category analyzed the news of Dante’s adulthood, and thus focused more on oral tradition.
    [Show full text]
  • A Documentary History of Naples Medieval Naples Bibliography
    A DOCUMENTARY HISTORY OF NAPLES MEDIEVAL NAPLES Bibliography Ronald G. Musto A Documentary History of Naples Vol. 2: Medieval Naples Bibliography Introduction The following bibliography accompanies the first version of Medieval Naples: A Documentary History. It contains materials of use for research, teaching, and general reading and covers the period from roughly 450 CE to 1450 CE, from late antiquity, and Byzantine, Ducal and Lombard, Norman, Hohenstaufen (Swabian) and Angevin periods of Naples’ history. It is divided into several categories: 1. Archival 2. Manuscript 3. Manuscript Catalog 4. Printed Sources 5. Secondary Works This PDF document is provided with an interactive table of contents, and each of these categories can be accessed by clicking on the bookmark in the panel to the left. This document is also fully searchable by using the search field above. Within each category entries are listed alphabetically. The printed sources and secondary works cover several types of materials: catalogs, primary-source collections, monographs, general surveys, and journal articles. The publication dates range from contemporary medieval sources to 2008. The materials are geared toward both the interactive map of Napes accompanying this publication: http://www.italicapress.com/index287.html and contains topographical and other urbanistic materials, and to historical, cultural, artistic, literary and religious materials covered in the series of downloadable readings of primary sources. As they become available, these will be linked to the online table of contents at: http://www.italicapress.com/index286.html This bibliography is a work in progress and will be updated regularly. Ronald G. Musto Series Editor A Documentary History of Naples January 3, 2009 v.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Free At
    People, texts and artefacts Cultural transmission in the medieval Norman worlds People, texts and artefacts Cultural transmission in the medieval Norman worlds Edited by David Bates, Edoardo D’Angelo and Elisabeth van Houts LONDON INSTITUTE OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH Published by UNIVERSITY OF LONDON SCHOOL OF ADVANCED STUDY INSTITUTE OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH Senate House, Malet Street, London WCE HU First published in print in (ISBN ----) is book is published under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivatives . International (CC BY- NCND .) license. More information regarding CC licenses is available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Available to download free at http://www.humanities-digital-library.org ISBN ---- (PDF edition) DOI: ./. Contents Editors’ preface vii List of contributors ix List of plates and gures xiii Abbreviations xv Introduction 1 David Bates and Elisabeth van Houts . Harness pendants and the rise of armory 17 John Baker . e transmission of medical culture in the Norman worlds c.1050–c.1250 47 Elma Brenner . Towards a critical edition of Petrus de Ebulo’s De Balneis Puteolanis: new hypotheses 65 Teolo De Angelis . A Latin school in the Norman principality of Antioch 77 Edoardo D’Angelo 5. Culti e agiograe d’età normanna in Italia meridionale 89 Amalia Galdi . e landscape of Anglo-Norman England: chronology and cultural transmission 105 Robert Liddiard . e medieval archives of the abbey of S. Trinità, Cava 127 G. A. Loud . Écrire la conquête: une comparaison des récits de Guillaume de Poitiers et de Georoi Malaterra 153 Marie-Agnès Lucas-Avenel . Bede’s legacy in William of Malmesbury and Henry of Huntingdon 171 Alheydis Plassmann v People, texts and artefacts: cultural transmission in the medieval Norman worlds .
    [Show full text]
  • Frederick II Hohenstaufen
    Salvatore Ferdinando Antonio Caputo The Court of Frederick II Hohenstaufen Salvatore Ferdinando Antonio Caputo The Court of Frederick II Hohenstaufen Copyright © Salvatore Ferdinando Antonio Caputo 2013. All rights reserved. No part of this book shall be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise– without written permission from the publisher. No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein. Although every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. Neither is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. Page 2 of 132 I have always been fascinated by history, of my own history, and that of my family, which I discovered could be traced from the Hohenstaufen Dynasty. Through studying different periods of history from medieval to early modern through to the present day I have gained an understanding into some of the crucial developments that have determined what course our future would take. Salvatore Ferdinando Antonio Caputo Other publications of Dr. Salvatore Ferdinando Antonio Caputo: The Hohenstaufen Dynasty (2013) Who is noble included in the Almanach de Gotha - Goliardica Editrice s.r.l, Trieste (2013) The Court of Frederick II Hohenstaufen - Goliardica Editrice s.r.l, Trieste (2013) Corrado I principe d´Antiochia Della Casa di Sveva (Ramo Caputo) - Edizioni Italo Svevo, Trieste (2012) The Legitimacy of Non Reigning Royal Families - Edizioni Italo Svevo, Trieste (2012) Creation of Order of Chivalry (2012) The Royal House of Georgia - H.R.H.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloading Material Is Agreeing to Abide by the Terms of the Repository Licence
    Cronfa - Swansea University Open Access Repository _____________________________________________________________ This is an author produced version of a paper published in: 1st Cronfa URL for this paper: http://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa30093 _____________________________________________________________ Book: Skinner, P. (2017). Living with Disfigurement in Early Medieval Europe. Palgrave. This book is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, duplication, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this book are included in the work’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if such material is not included in the work’s Creative Commons license and the respective action is not permitted by statutory regulation, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to duplicate, adapt or reproduce the material. _____________________________________________________________ This item is brought to you by Swansea University. Any person downloading material is agreeing to abide by the terms of the repository licence. Copies of full text items may be used or reproduced in any format or medium, without prior permission for personal research or study, educational or non-commercial purposes only. The copyright for any work remains with the original author unless otherwise specified. The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holder.
    [Show full text]
  • Sample Chapter
    PROOF Contents Preface ix Introduction: Approaches to the Twelfth Century and Its ‘Renaissance’ 1 1 Varieties of Political Order in the Latin West 14 The German Empire, the Papacy, and Northern Italy 20 Multicultural Kingdoms and the Mediterranean World: Sicily and Iberia 34 Competing Monarchies in France and England 49 Christianization and the Kingdoms of Northern and Eastern Europe 72 2 People, Economy, and Social Relations 80 Population 81 Peasants, Lords, and Patterns of Settlement 84 Towns and Cities 92 Trade, Commerce, and Economic Growth 99 3 Spirituality and Its Discontents 107 Patterns of Religious Experience 109 The Church and Its Religious Orders 120 Heretics and Friars in the Urban Context 136 Order, Exclusion, and the Fourth Lateran Council 143 4 Intellectual Syntheses 151 The Intellectual World: Contexts, Institutions, and Personnel 152 Varieties of Latin Culture 167 The Uses of Vernacular Literature 173 vii PROOF viii CONTENTS 5 The Crusades and the Idea of Christendom 183 The Conception and Meaning of the Crusades 185 Popular Piety and the First Crusade 188 The Crusader States and the Crusading Movement to 1229 190 The Travails of the Crusading Ideal 194 Christendom and the Wider World 197 Conclusion 199 Notes 202 Suggestions for Further Reading 227 Index 234 PROOF Chapter 1: Varieties of Political Order in the Latin West On November 27, 1095, according to several contemporaries, Pope Urban II addressed a Church council at the French town of Clermont. The historian Fulcher of Chartres insisted that a grim spiritual cli- mate prevailed across Christendom: ‘With Henry reigning as so-called emperor, and with Philip as king in France, manifold evils were grow- ing in all parts of Europe because of wavering faith’.
    [Show full text]
  • UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Sermo absentium: Rhetoric, Epistolarity, and the Emergence of Italian Literary Culture Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8w4790vh Author Millspaugh, Scott Sims Publication Date 2013 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Sermo absentium : Rhetoric, Epistolarity, and the Emergence of Italian Literary Culture by Scott Sims Millspaugh A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Italian Studies and Medieval Studies in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in Charge: Professor Steven Botterill, Chair Professor Albert R. Ascoli Professor Joseph J. Duggan Professor Frank Bezner Fall 2013 1 Abstract Sermo absentium : Rhetoric, Epistolarity, and the Emergence of Italian Literary Culture by Scott Sims Millspaugh Doctor of Philosophy in Italian Studies and Medieval Studies University of California, Berkeley Professor Steven Botterill, Chair The goal of this dissertation is to propose a theory for the emergence of Italian literary culture in the Duecento , with particular reference to the lyric production of Giacomo da Lentini and Guittone d’Arezzo, as well as to the Dantean literary history of Purgatorio XXIV and XXVI. ‘Le origini’, the label long preferred by Italian literary criticism to describe the period between 1230 and 1300, presupposes a coherent national narrative framed, on one side, by an irrepressible vernacular spirit that defies political fragmentation and, on the other, by Italy’s hard-won unification in the nineteenth century. Though Italian studies has done much to undermine this fiction for all periods of Italian literature, significant gaps in scholarship remain for the Duecento .
    [Show full text]
  • T H E N E W M I D D L E a G E S Living with DISFIGUREMENT Early Medieval Europe
    THE NEW MIDDLE AGES Living WITH DISFIGUREMENT in Early Medieval Europe Patricia Skinner The New Middle Ages Series Editor Bonnie Wheeler English & Medieval Studies Southern Methodist University Dallas, Texas, USA The New Middle Ages is a series dedicated to pluridisciplinary studies of medieval cultures, with particular emphasis on recuperating women’s history and on feminist and gender analyses. This peer-reviewed series includes both scholarly monographs and essay collections. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/14239 Patricia Skinner Living with Disfigurement in Early Medieval Europe Patricia Skinner College of Arts and Humanities Swansea University Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom The New Middle Ages ISBN 978-1-349-95073-7 ISBN 978-1-137-54439-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/978-1-137-54439-1 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016959489 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2017 Open Access This book is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, duplication, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this book are included in the work’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if such material is not included in the work’s Creative Commons license and the respective action is not permitted by statu- tory regulation, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to duplicate, adapt or reproduce the material.
    [Show full text]
  • Spoliation and Disseisin: Possession Under Threat and Its Protection Before and After 1215
    SPOLIATION AND DISSEISIN: POSSESSION UNDER THREAT AND ITS PROTECTION BEFORE AND AFTER 1215 Fecha de recepción: 27 de octubre de 2015 / Fecha de aceptación: 3 de diciembre de 2015 Dafydd Bened Walters Formerly of the Universities of London, Edinburgh & Saint-Louis (Brussels). e-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Each of the two great law-making events of 1215, Magna Carta and the Fourth Lateran Council, included provisions relating to dispossession (spoliation, disseisin) and how to remedy some of its previous deficiencies. This paper considers the legal texts in some detail and the history behind them, in canon law and, in relation to this topic, its Roman base; and in England, notably the legislation of the Anglo-Norman King Henry II (1154-1189). It then considers the effect of these changes in both canon and secular law after 1215 in the rest of the 13th century and a little beyond. The Anglo-Norman royal law is also compared with variants found in boroughs or cities (like London); in northern France; and in the Liber Augustalis of Frederick II for his kingdom in Sicily and southern Italy. Keywords: Expolio, disseisin, Posesión, 1215, IV Concilio de Letrán, la Carta Magna Resumen: Los dos grande acontecimientos legislativos de 1215, la Carta Magna y el Cuarto Concilio de Letrán, incluyeron disposiciones relativas a la desposesión (expoliación, usurpación) y a la forma de remediar algunas de sus deficiencias anteriores. Este artículo considera los textos legales en detalle y la historia detrás de ellos, en derecho canónico y, en relación con este tema, su base romana, y en Inglaterra, en particular la legislación del rey anglo-normando Enrique II (1154-1189).
    [Show full text]