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Origin, Description, and Pedigree ]^ of Chinese Soybean Cultivars

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Origin, Description, and Pedigree ]^ of Chinese Soybean Cultivars OP USDA Origin, Description, and Pedigree ]^ 00 United States of Chinese Soybean Cultivars Department of Agriculture Released from 1923 to 1995 Agricultural Research Service Technical Bulletin 1871 September 1999 United States Department of Agriculture Origin, Description, and Pedigree Agricultural Research of Chinese Soybean Cultivars Service Released from 1923 to 1995 Technical Bulletin 1871 September 1999 Zhanglln Cui, Thomas E. Carter, Jr., Junyi Gai, Jiaxun Qiu, and Randall L Nelson Oui is a research associate with the Crop Science Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA. Carter is a research geneticist with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Soybean and Nitrogen Fixation Research Unit, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA. Gai is a professor and Qiu an associate professor with the Soybean Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. Nelson is a research geneticist with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plant Physiology and Genetics Research Unit, National Soybean Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA. Abstract Mention of trade names, commercial products, or companies in this publica- tion is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agricul- Cui, Zhanglin, Thomas E. Carter, Jr., Junyi Gai, Jiaxun Qiu, and Randall L. ture over others not recommended. Nelson. 1999. Origin, Description, and Pedigree of Chinese Soybean Cultivars from 1923 to 1995. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural While supplies last, copies of this publication may be obtained at no cost Research Service, Technical Bulletin No. 1871. 263 pp. from Thomas E. Carter, Jr., USDA-ARS, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7631, USA. This report catalogs 651 soybean cultivars developed between 1923 and 1995 in the People's Republic of China. It provides soybean breeders with Copies of this publication may be purchased from the National Technical the origin, distribution, description, and pedigree of Chinese soybean Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161; tele- cultivars as a practical guide for the selection of good parental material and phone (703)-605-6000. the preservation of genetic diversity in breeding programs. Information includes cultivar name, its prior designation as a breeding line, year of release, province and institution where the cultivar was developed, breeding The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimi- method employed in development, area for which the cultivar was released, nation in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, na- recommended planting time and cropping system, days to maturity, flower tional origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orienta- color, colors of pubescence, seed coat, hilum, and cotyledon, 100-seed tion, and marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all weight, protein and oil content, stem termination type, pod shattering, programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for primary use, number of seeds per pod, and resistance to diseases and insects. communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, Pedigrees trace the cultivars back to their ancestors—landraces, exotic etc.) should contact the USDA's TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 introductions, and a few cases of unknown strains. The 341 ancestors of (voice and TDD). Chinese cultivars are also described and the relations of improved cultivars to each of the ancestors are illustrated. To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 325-W, Whitten Building, 14th and Independence Keywords: breeding, China, cultivar, diversity, germplasm. Glycine max (L.) Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call 202-720-5964 (voice Merrill, pedigree, soybean or TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NOTE: Chinese words are romanized by the pinyin system. Chinese names are given in Western order (family name last). September 1999 Contents Table 11. Alphabetical listing of 651 Chinese soybean cultivars 182 Table 12. Pedigrees and origins of U.S. soybean strains used as ancestral parents of released Chinese soybean cultivars 191 Acknowledgments iv Table 13. 651 Chinese soybean cultivar names in pinyin Introduction 1 and Chinese characters 199 Production and utilization of soybeans in China 1 Table 14. 341 ancestor names of Chinese soybean cultivars Soybean germplasm in China 1 in pinyin and Chinese characters 209 Soybean breeding in China 2 Genetic background of released Chinese soybean cultivars 3 List of Illustrations Compilation of data 4 References 5 Figure 1. Contribution of 341 ancestors to modern cultivars Notes for Tables 6 and their simplified pedigree relationships 215 Tables 9 Figure 2. Contribution of 172 older cultivars to newer cultivars Illustrations 215 and their simplified pedigree relationships 252 List of Tables Table 1. Soybean production in China from 1981 to 1995 9 Table 2. Typical planting and harvest dates for soybean crops in the three major soybean production areas of China 9 Table 3. Days from planting or emergence to maturity in relation to general maturity group classification 10 Table 4. Geographical origin of soybean accessions collected in China before 1990 and maintained in the National Gene Bank in Beijing 11 Table 5. Number of cultivars released in major soybean- producing provinces of China from 1923 to 1995 12 Table 6. Origin and distribution of 651 Chinese soybean cultivars released from 1923 to 1995 13 Table 7. Description of 651 Chinese soybean cultivars released from 1923 to 1995 38 Table 8. Pedigrees of 651 Chinese soybean cultivars released from 1923 to 1995 56 Table 9. Origin and description of 341 ancestors of Chinese soybean cultivars 154 Table 10. 651 Chinese soybean cultivars listed by year of release 173 111 files and checked the data compiled here. Thanks are also due to Dongfeng Acknowledgments Ji, Baiwei Peng, Zhenjing Ren, Dezhou Qian, Cuihong Shu, Xingliang Zhou, and Jennifer Cure, who gave valuable help in typing and checking the This catalog is the resuh of a cooperative project between USDA-ARS, data in this report. North Carolina State University, the University of Illinois (all USA), and the Soybean Research Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University (People's Republic of China). Much of the data compiled here were taken from Annals of Soybean Culti- vars in China (Zhang 1985), and Anna/s of Soybean Cultivars in China (1978-1992) (Hu and Tian 1993). Many additional details of the origin, distribution, description, and pedigree of Chinese soybean cultivars were obtained from personal communication with the following soybean research- ers: Mingxiang Hu and Xiangxun Meng (Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences [AAS]); Binru Wang and Xiuying Weng (Heilongjiang AAS); Shitao He (Keshan Agricultural Institute [AI], Heilongjiang); Qingkai Yang (Northeast Agricultural University [AU]); Guangfa Li and Rongchang Wang (Tonghua AI, Jilin); Xuesheng Li (Changchun AI, Jilin); Lunfan Jin (Yanbian Agricultural College [AC], Jilin); Renshuang Zhang and Baiyu Yang (Liaoning AAS); Weikui Shan (Tieling AI, Liaoning); Lihua Tan and Xiaohua Wu (Neimenggu AAS); Ruzhen Chang (Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Chinese AAS in Beijing); Geng Hao and Xiaohu Kang (Institute of Crop Breeding and Cultivation, Chinese AAS in Beijing); Xingtan Zhang (Genetics Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing); Mengchen Zhang (Hebei AAS); Jingrong Zhao, Xinxian Hao, and Xinghua Li (Shandong AAS); Shuying Yang (Weifang AI, Shandong); Yingli Xue, Chunlin He, and Weidong Li (Henan AAS); Xiuguang Guo and Ruilian Hao (Shangqiu AI, Henan); Tingquan Li, Hongbing Wang, and Ying Li (Shanxi AAS); Enhu Xi and Yongmin Dai (Shaanxi AAS); Changxian Li, Youbin Liu, and Dongfeng Ji (Nanjing AU); Qichang Zhu and Heping Gu (Jiangsu AAS); Jinyao Yun (Anhui AC); Ouhe Dai (Anhui AAS); Lei Li (Fuyang AI, Anhui); Guoxun Wang and Xinan Zhou (Institute of Oil Crops, Chinese AAS in Hubei); Rongchun Shu (Tianchishan AI, Hubei); Zhengwen Zhao (Hunan AAS); Zhihua Jiang and Xiaobo Wang (Sichuan AAS); Guangrui Le (Guizhou AAS); Wenying Zhu (Zhejiang AAS); Jianan Wang (Jiangxi AAS); Shuchuan Xu (Fujian AAS); Ying Luo (Shanming AI, Fujian); Dizhang Liu (Guangdong AAS); Yulan Wang (Yunnan AAS); and others. The authors of this report thank Zijin Zhang, Mingxiang Hu, and Peizhan Tian and all those who provided precious information from their IV Introduction There are three major soybean production areas in China: the northeastern area, the Huanghe-Huaihe-Haihe area, and the southern area. In China, over 70 years of breeding have brought about the release of more The northeastern area (approximately between latitudes 41° and 53° N.) than 650 soybean cuhivars, which can be viewed as potential parents in includes Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, and a part of Neimenggu. Spring- applied breeding. Keeping pace with the rapidly expanding database associ- planted soybeans are cultivated as a full-season crop in this area (tables 2- ated with these releases is not easy, so efficient use of this material is 3). This area is the most important soybean production base in China, difficult. producing about half of the national harvest. To address this need, this catalog describes 651 soybean cultivars
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