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Zootaxa, Scorpaeniformes, Scorpaenidae, Scorpaena

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Zootaxa, Scorpaeniformes, Scorpaenidae, Scorpaena Zootaxa 1043: 17–32 (2005) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA 1043 Copyright © 2005 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Scorpaena bulacephala, a new species of scorpionfish (Scorpaeniformes: Scorpaenidae) from the northern Tasman Sea HIROYUKI MOTOMURA1, PETER R. LAST2 & GORDON K. YEARSLEY2 1Ichthyology, Australian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia (motomu- [email protected]) 2CSIRO Marine & Atmospheric Research, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia (PRL, [email protected]; GKY, [email protected]) Abstract A new species of small-sized scorpionfish, Scorpaena bulacephala, is described on the basis of seven specimens collected from off Norfolk and Lord Howe Islands, northern Tasman Sea, south- western Pacific Ocean, at depths of 86–113 m. The new species is closely related to a Hawaiian endemic species, S. colorata. The two species are distinguished from other Indo–Pacific species of Scorpaena by the following combination of characters: exposed cycloid scales covering the anteroventral surface of the body and pectoral-fin base, the lateral surface of the lacrimal without spines, and 17 pectoral-fin rays. The new species differs from S. colorata in having 39–44 longitu- dinal scales rows and relatively short fin spines and rays, especially short longest pectoral-fin ray (31.5–33.5% of standard length). Morphological changes with growth and sexual dimorphism of the new species are also discussed. Key words: Scorpaenidae, Scorpaena, new species, Tasman Sea, southwestern Pacific Ocean Introduction In May–June 2003, the biodiversity of the northern Tasman Sea was surveyed by an inter- national research team using the New Zealand FRV Tangaroa. This survey, known as NORFANZ, led to the collection of seven unidentified scorpionfish specimens from off Norfolk and Lord Howe Islands, at depths of 86–113 m. These specimens belong to the genus Scorpaena Linnaeus, 1758 whose Indo–Pacific species are characterized by 12 dor- sal-fin spines, teeth on the palatines, an occipital pit, the posterior lacrimal spine directed posteroventrally, some pectoral-fin rays branched in adults, and the pored lateral-line scales continuing on to the caudal-fin base (e.g., Poss, 1999; Motomura et al., 2005), Accepted by A. Gill: 2 Jul. 2005; published: 30 Aug. 2005 17 ZOOTAXA although no definition of the genus on a worldwide basis is available (e.g., Eschmeyer, 1043 1965; Motomura, 2004a). These Tasman Sea specimens share two characters (i.e., absence of spines on the lat- eral surface of the lacrimal and presence of exposed scales on the anteroventral surface of the body and the pectoral-fin base) with only four species: S. colorata (Gilbert, 1905), S. gibbifrons Fowler, 1938, S. papillosa (Schneider & Forster in Bloch & Schneider, 1801) and S. sumptuosa Castelnau, 1875. However, the specimens differ from these three species in several aspects, including head spine, ridge and scale structures, meristics, and several proportional measurements. The specimens are therefore described herein in detail as a new species. Morphological changes with growth and sexual dimorphism of the species are also discussed. Materials and Methods Counts and measurements follow Motomura (2004a, b) with the following additions. Scales above the lateral line were counted obliquely from between the first dorsal-fin spine base and the first pored lateral-line scale. Scales below the lateral line were counted verti- cally from between the first anal-fin spine base and the lateral line. Scales were also counted vertically between the last dorsal-fin spine base and the lateral line. Predorsal scale rows were taken as the number of rows between the first dorsal-fin spine base and the posterior margin of the occipital pit. Suborbital space is the least distance between the ventral margin of the orbit and the suborbital ridge. Occipital pit length was measured from the anterior margin to the posterior margin of the occipital pit, and the occipital pit width between the lateral edges of the occipital pit. Post-occipital pit length was taken from the posterior margin of the occipital pit to the first dorsal-fin spine base. Head width is the straight-line distance between posterior ends of pterotic spine bases. Standard and head lengths are expressed as SL and HL, respectively. Terminology of head spines follow Randall & Eschmeyer (2002) with the following additions: the spine occurring at the base of the uppermost preopercular spine is referred to as the supplemental preopercular spine (Eschmeyer, 1965); and the coronal and extra spines are figured in Chen (1981: fig. 1) and Motomura et al. (2004: fig. 14b). Institutional codes follow Leviton et al. (1985). All Indo–Pacific species of Scorpaena currently regarded as valid were examined. Comparative data mentioned in this paper where no references are cited are based on the following specimens. Scorpaena colorata: BPBM 23928 (9 specimens), 50.9–73.2 mm SL, off Haleiwa (21°40’N, 158°07’W), Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands, 95–110 m depth, shrimp trawl, coll. by T. Cromwell, 3 May 1968; BPBM 24109 (4 specimens), 47.3–94.7 mm SL, northwest side of Molokai (21°15’N, 157°08’W), Hawaiian Islands, 119 m depth, shrimp trawl, coll. by T. Cromwell, 12 Nov. 1968. Scorpaena papillosa: BMNH 1872.4.26.3, 159.0 mm SL, Wellington, New Zealand; CAS 13451 (2 specimens), 116.0- 18 © 2005 Magnolia Press MOTOMURA ET AL. 117.2 mm SL, New Zealand; NMNZ P. 6828, 117.0 mm SL, north of Hoho Inlet ZOOTAXA (48°01.00’S, 166°35.00’E), 40 m depth, craypot, coll. by D. S. Horning, 9 Dec. 1974. 1043 Scorpaena sumptuosa: CAS 204410, 105.1 mm SL, off Geraldton, Western Australia, Australia, 1976; CAS 219504, 141.7 mm SL, Shark Bay, Western Australia, Australia, coll. by W. Poole, Aug. 1965; MNHN A. 710, 228.6 mm SL, Australia (precise locality unknown), coll. by F. L. Castelnau; MNHN A. 4409 (dried syntype), 241.2 mm SL, Fre- mantle (32°07’S, 115°43’E), Western Australia, Australia, coll. by F. L. Castelnau, 1875; MNHN B. 2570 (dried syntype), 229.1 mm SL, same data as MNHN A. 4409. Data for the holotype of S. gibbifrons are based on Fowler (1938), Poss (1999) and J. T. Williams (pers. comm.). Scorpaena bulacephala new species New English name: Bullhead Scorpionfish Figures 1–5 Holotype. CSIRO H 6009-05, female, 80.7 mm SL, south of Norfolk Island (28°54–55’S, 167°40–41’E), Norfolk Ridge, Tasman Sea, 111–113 m depth, coll. by FRV Tangaroa, 15 May 2003. Paratypes. AMS I. 43470-001, 32.1 mm SL, southeast of Lord Howe Island (31°49’S, 159°20’E), Lord Howe Rise, Tasman Sea, 86–89 m depth, coll. by FRV Tangaroa, 22 May 2003; CSIRO H 6009-06, 87.5 mm SL, same data as holotype; CSIRO H 6028-03, 49.5 mm SL, same data as AMS I. 43470-001; CSIRO H 6028-07, 2 specimens, 34.3–44.8 mm SL, same data as AMS I. 43470-001; NMV A. 25132-005, 84.2 mm SL, Balls Pyramid (31°52’26–40”S, 159°14’26”–15’27”E), Lord Howe Rise, Tasman Sea, 76–81 m depth, benthic sled, coll. by FRV Tangaroa, 23 May 2003. Diagnosis. A species of Scorpaena with the following combination of characters: Dor- sal-fin soft rays 9; fourth dorsal-fin spine longest; pectoral-fin rays 17; longitudinal scales rows 39–44; pored lateral-line scales 23; ctenoid scales covering lateral surface of trunk; exposed cycloid scales covering anteroventral surface of body and pectoral-fin base; lat- eral surface of maxilla without a longitudinal ridge; lateral surface of lacrimal without spines; anterior lacrimal spine with 1–3 small spines on its posterior margin; posterior lac- rimal spine simple, directed ventroposteriorly; median interorbital ridge and coronal spine absent; occipital pit and supplement preopercular spine present; relatively short fin spines and rays, especially short longest pectoral-fin ray (31.5–33.5% of SL); space between upper and lower opercular spines not covered by skin with sensory pores and canals; supraocular tentacle length less than or approximately equal to pupil diameter; lateral sur- face of trunk, except pored lateral-line scales, without tentacles. Description. Proportional measurements of the specimens of Scorpaena bulacephala are given as percentages of SL and HL in Table 1. Data for the holotype are presented first, followed by paratype data (if different) in parentheses. A NEW SCORPAENA © 2005 Magnolia Press 19 ZOOTAXA 1043 FIGURE 1. Color photographs of Scorpaena bulacephala. A, CSIRO H 6009-05, female, holo- type, 80.7 mm SL, south of Norfolk Island; B, CSIRO H 6028-03, probable male, paratype, 49.5 mm SL, southeast of Lord Howe Island. Dorsal fin with 12 spines and 9 soft rays; all soft rays branched; length of first spine 1.6 (1.6–2.0; mean 1.7) in second spine; fourth spine longest, its length slightly less than upper-jaw length; fourth to eleventh spines progressively shorter; length of eleventh spine 1.9 (1.5–1.9; mean 1.7) in last spine; membrane of spinous portion of dorsal fin moder- ately notched; second soft ray longest, approximately equal length with longest dorsal-fin spine; posterior branch of last soft ray joined by membrane to caudal peduncle for approx- imately one-third its length. Anal fin with 3 spines and 5 soft rays; all soft rays branched; first spine 2.4 (2.0–2.5; mean 2.4) in second spine, 1.8 (1.7–2.1; mean 1.9) in third spine; first soft ray longest; posterior branch of last soft ray joined by membrane to caudal pedun- 20 © 2005 Magnolia Press MOTOMURA ET AL.
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