The Cromemco Dazzler, Re-Born
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Cromemco 3K Control Basic Instruction Manual 023-0023 197904
l•• CROMEMCO 3K CONTROL BASIC INSTRUCTION MANUAL J (Models MCB-216 & CB-308) \":'f,_'~", ~,-:- \ 1I q q .'.':&...•• q~"'!'-- - ~.' q..~¥_..../ CROMEMCO; INC. q 280 Berna rd'o Avenue Mountain View, CA 94043 >""1 ;~ Part No. 023-0023 April 1979 ~r Copyright © 1977, 1979 By CROMEMCO, INC. I' _ All Rights Reserved ...i· ... I'-. •I r This manual was produced in its entirety with the Cromemco Word ( Processing System and was printed on a Cromemco 3355 P r in t e r wit h pro po r t ion a 1 I spacing. I ,I I I I I I I I 1 ~~ J Table of Contents I Section 1 1 Introduct ion . ....... 1 2 Getting Started with Control Basic 3 1 2.1 Installing Control Basic in Your System ••• 3 2.2 Entering programs from the Console Device 3 2.3 Entering or Saving Programs l with Other Devices •••••• 4 3 Elements of the Control Basic Language 6 1 3.1 Numbers and Constants • •••• 6 3.2 Variables •••• •• • ••• 6 3.3 Functions •••••••• ••• 7 .4 3.4 Arithmetic and Compare Operators 8 3.5 Expressions • •• ••• 9 4 Control Basic Syntax 10 4.1 Control Basic General Syntax •••• 10 4.2 Abbreviations and Summary of Commands 12 4.3 Memory Organization of Control Basic 14 .1 5 Control Basic Commands and Statements 16 5.1 Assignment Commands •••••• 16 5.1.1 LET Command 16 5.1.2 PUT Command ••••••••• 16 1 5.2 Control Commands 18 5.2.1 IF Command ••••••• 18 5.2.2 GOTO Command •••••••••••• 18 .1 5.2.3 FOR Command. -
Introduction Mainframes
LL I I I I Introduction . 11.. V ZI i ..O. There is little question that the current enthusiasm in personal computing was catalyzed by the introduction of the MITS Altair computer kit in January 1975. This computer kit demonstrated by its cost (originally less than $400) that individuals could now afford a computer. And by its design the Altair established a standard bus structure for the personal computing industry. Less than six months after MITS announced the Altair computer, other manufacturers were announcing com- patible memory boards, interface boards, and peripherals. Within the year bus-compatible mainframes were also introduced. Today over 50 manufacturers support what is known as the Standard 100 or S-100 bus derived from the 100-wire bus used in the original Altair computer. Over 20,000 mainframes using the S-100 bus are now in the field. One key reason for the rapid growth of the personal computer industry can be found in the widespread adoption of a standard microcomputer bus. A second key reason can be found in the design innovations in mainframes, memories, and I/O interfaces designed for the S-100 bus. Figure 1. The basic personal computer can accept a number of standard 5" x 10" cards designed for the industry standard S-100 microcomputer bus. A large selection of CPU, memory, and interface cards offers a great deal of flexibility in system Mainframes design. The basic personal computer mainframe consists of a CPU, computer bus, and power supply. Most mainframes are sold in kit form (Figure 1). Without exception in the personal computing industry of manufacturer support for the S-100 bus, no fewer than a microprocessor serves as the CPU. -
CP/M-80 Kaypro
$3.00 June-July 1985 . No. 24 TABLE OF CONTENTS C'ing Into Turbo Pascal ....................................... 4 Soldering: The First Steps. .. 36 Eight Inch Drives On The Kaypro .............................. 38 Kaypro BIOS Patch. .. 40 Alternative Power Supply For The Kaypro . .. 42 48 Lines On A BBI ........ .. 44 Adding An 8" SSSD Drive To A Morrow MD-2 ................... 50 Review: The Ztime-I .......................................... 55 BDOS Vectors (Mucking Around Inside CP1M) ................. 62 The Pascal Runoff 77 Regular Features The S-100 Bus 9 Technical Tips ........... 70 In The Public Domain... .. 13 Culture Corner. .. 76 C'ing Clearly ............ 16 The Xerox 820 Column ... 19 The Slicer Column ........ 24 Future Tense The KayproColumn ..... 33 Tidbits. .. .. 79 Pascal Procedures ........ 57 68000 Vrs. 80X86 .. ... 83 FORTH words 61 MSX In The USA . .. 84 On Your Own ........... 68 The Last Page ............ 88 NEW LOWER PRICES! NOW IN "UNKIT"* FORM TOO! "BIG BOARD II" 4 MHz Z80·A SINGLE BOARD COMPUTER WITH "SASI" HARD·DISK INTERFACE $795 ASSEMBLED & TESTED $545 "UNKIT"* $245 PC BOARD WITH 16 PARTS Jim Ferguson, the designer of the "Big Board" distributed by Digital SIZE: 8.75" X 15.5" Research Computers, has produced a stunning new computer that POWER: +5V @ 3A, +-12V @ 0.1A Cal-Tex Computers has been shipping for a year. Called "Big Board II", it has the following features: • "SASI" Interface for Winchester Disks Our "Big Board II" implements the Host portion of the "Shugart Associates Systems • 4 MHz Z80-A CPU and Peripheral Chips Interface." Adding a Winchester disk drive is no harder than attaching a floppy-disk The new Ferguson computer runs at 4 MHz. -
Personal Computing
Personal Computing Thomas J. Bergin ©Computer History Museum American University Recap: Context • By 1977, there was a fairly robust but fragmented hobbyist-oriented microcomputer industry: – Micro Instrumentation Telemetry Systems (MITS) – Processor Technology – Cromemco – MicroStuf – Kentucky Fried Computers • Two things were needed for the personal computer revolution: 1) a way to store and retrieve data, and 2) a programming language in which to write applications. Homebrew Computer Club • March 5, 1975: the Amateur Computer Users Group (Lee Felsenstein, Bob Marsh, Steve Dompier, BobAlbrecht and 27 others) met in Gordon French’s garage, Menlo Park, CA • 3rd meeting drew several hundred people and was moved to the Coleman mansion • Stanford Linear Accelerator Center’s auditorium – Steve Wozniak shows off his single board computer – Steve Jobs attends meetings Homebrew-ed • 21 companies formed: – Apcose Apple – Cromemco Morrow – North Star Osborne • West Coast Computer Faire • Byte magazine, September 1975 • Byte Shop Both: images.google.com And then there was Traf-O-Data • October 28, 1955: William H. Gates III born – father: attorney mother: schoolteacher • Lakeside School: Lakeside Programming Group – Mothers Club: access to time-shared system at GE – Students hired by local firm to debug software – First computer program: Tic-Tac-Toe (age 13) – Traf-O-Data to sell traffic mgt. software (age 16) • 1973, Bill Gates enrolls at Harvard in pre-law. • Paul Allen is in his second year. January 1975, Popular Electronics: Altair • Allen shows -
Po Box 5487, Berkeley, Ca 94705 (415)
VOLUME 1, NUMBER 4, OCTOBER 1984 AN INTERNATIONAL NEWSLETTER FOR USERS OF MORROW'S COMPUTERS P.O. BOX 5487, BERKELEY, CA 94705 (415) 654-3798 • If you thought you couldn't afford hard disk performance, think again. • The MDS-E hard disk Micro Decision computer with 128K RAM • Seagate Sl)t" Hard Disk with S.4M bytes formatted (Second hard disk can be added) • 384K floppy disk backup. Superfast CP/M 3.0 operating system (compatible with most CP/M 2.2 software) • NewWord word processor. Correct-it spelling checker • New tilt & swivel monitor. Low profile keyboard. Morrow does it again. At $1999, this special introductory offer shatters the price barrier for hard disk computer systems • Call (800) 521-3493 (in California (408) 980-7462) for a dealer near you. Or write to Morrow, 600 McCormick Street, San Leandro, California 94577. CONTENTS EDITORIAL EXCHANGE Edi torial. ••••••••• 2 Letters to the Editor•• 6 COLUMNS The Can File •••• • Ed Niehaus 10 David's Q & A Colurm •• Dave Block 12 Fran The Mailbox ••• •• Stan Ahal t 14 MORROW USERS GROUPS Lost & Found Department ••••• •• Clarence Heier 18 Cleo .............. •• Lionel Johnston • 18 News About MJrrow Users Groups • •• Clarence Heier 19 THE CURIOUS NOVICE'S EXPERIENCE INSIGHT: Spreadsheet Calculators, Part I •• Art Zerrx:>n • 22 Manuals .. ................ •• Milton Levison 25 How To Tell \\hat MD You Have ••••• •• Brian Leyton 26 About Surge and Spike Protectors •••••••• ••• Jerry Sheperd 27 I Thought It Would Never Happen to Me •••• •• Rick Goul ian 28 Never Too Old to Start with a MOrrow • Herb Kahler • 30 WORDSTAR AND NEWWORD MOre Printing and Editing Concurrently with WordStar • Nick Mills •••• 33 Brightening Your Day with NeWWord •••••••••• Bill Steele 35 Progr~ing Your Function Keys with NeWWord ••••• Bill Steele. -
AUG 7 1981 Agricultural Economics Library
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS AUG 7 1981 Agricultural Economics Library Our Experience With Choosing and Using Microcomputers in California By Ken tf:::son & Gordon Rowe Invited Paper, Western Agricultural Economic Association July 19-21, 1981 Olson an.cl Rowe are Economists with Cooperative Extension, University of California, stationed at Davis and Berkeley, respectively. Our Experience With Choosing and Using Microcomputers in California In this paper we will discuss our experiences with microcomputers. First, a discussion of our considerations in selecting hardware and software. Second, a discussion of our current uses of the microcomputer and our future plans. Our experience using computers in California goes back to the use of IBM's 701, their first computer at Berkeley in the early 50's. Since then we have seen growth of computer facilities at the various campuses and in depart ments. Cooperative Extension in California has shared in the use of computers with ARE at Berkeley since 1955 and purchased a mini in 1975 for ADP and applied research at Berkeley. We have seen the development and implementation of a vast amount of computer technology since our early days. This has lead us to microcomputer applications which we began in 1979. A Cromemco 22-D (64k and 2 mini drives) with TI R0-810 printer and SOROC 120 CRT as peripherals. This initial system has been expanded to include a Micro B terminal with all its options including an 8085A processor, Persci quad capacity 8" drives, a 26 megabyte hard disk system from Morrow and telecommuni cations hardware including a DC Hayes micro Modem board and more recently Cromemco's I/0 processor and quadart board. -
198412 Byte Magazine December 1984
DECEMBER 1984 VOL. 9, NO. 13 $3.50 IN UNITED STATES $4.95 in CANADA / £2.10 in U.K. A McGRAW-HILL PUBLICATION 0360-5280 ypl.^C LA-S DIRECT THE SMALL SYSTEMS JOURNAL SoftCard °1 squeezes the,,., Alce out Microsoft`' Premium SoftCard' Ile FORTRAN-80, COBOL and BASIC is the high-performance CP/M® Compiler. board that really juices the Apple' Ile. It also has a new low price. Hard facts on SoftCard. Juicing up the performance of It has a high speed (6MHz) Z-80 computers is nothing new for us. that runs CP/M up to three times We invented the SoftCard and make faster than lesser boards. Plus 64K versions for the entire Apple family. memory and 80-column display that We wrote Apple soft for the Apple II. fits the He auxiliary slot and acts like MICROSOFT In fact, our Apple's own Extended 80-column The High Performance Software BASIC is the Card. So it works with CP/M, Apple language spoken by nine out of ten DOS and ProDOS programs, too. microcomputers worldwide. Microsoft BASIC is built-in, so it's Get the Apple juicer from compatible with more Apple CP/M Washington. Call 800-426-9400 software than any other board on (in Washington State call 206-828- the market: Thousands of the juiciest 8088) for the name of your nearest business programs including Microsoft dealer. dBase II, WordStar' and sophis- ticated Microsoft languages like SoftCard is a trademark and Microsoft is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. Apple is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. -
Download Assembly PDF (Pro Version)
PARTS LIST Ω Ω Ω µ Ω µ Ω Ω Ω Ω Ω OTHER PARTS YOU MAY NEED ″ Ω Ω Ω Ω Ω µ Ω Ω Ω Ω Ω Ω Ω Ω CONGRATULATIONS! YOUR ALTAIR 8800 IS COMPLETE! Altair 8800 Simulator © 2017-2019 David Hansel https://www.hackster.io/david-hansel/arduino-altair-8800- simulator-3594a6 https://github.com/dhansel/Altair8800 Table of Contents Acknowledgements ............................................................................... - 2 - Highlights .............................................................................................. - 3 - Front Panel Elements ............................................................................ - 4 - Auxiliary Switch Functions .................................................................... - 5 - Serial ports .......................................................................................... - 12 - Interacting with software via a terminal ............................................. - 15 - Printer Emulation ................................................................................ - 18 - MITS Disk Controller Support .............................................................. - 19 - Tarbell Disk Controller Support ........................................................... - 21 - Hard Disk Support ............................................................................... - 23 - Cromemco Dazzler Support ................................................................ - 25 - - 1 - Processor Technology VDM-1 Support .............................................. -
A Review of Federal Agency Experiences NATIONAL BUREAU of STANDARDS
NAT'L INST. OF STAND & TECH NB3 Reference Publi - cations AlllQb DMDSSB of Commerce . Science National Bureau and Technology of Standards NBS Special Publication 500-102 Microcomputers: A Review of Federal Agency Experiences NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS The National Bureau of Standards' was established by an act ot Congress on March 3, 1901. The Bureau's overall goal is to strengthen and advance the Nation's science and technology and facilitate their effective application for public benefit. To this end, the Bureau conducts research and provides: (1) a basis for the Nation's physical measurement system, (2) scientific and technological services for industry and government, (3) a technical basis for equity in trade, and (4) technical services to promote public safety. The Bureau's technical work is per- formed by the National Measurement Laboratory, the National Engineering Laboratory, and the Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology. THE NATIONAL MEASUREMENT LABORATORY provides the national system of physical and chemical and materials measurement; coordinates the system with measurement systems of other nations and furnishes essential services leading to accurate and uniform physical and chemical measurement throughout the Nation's scientific community, industry, and commerce; conducts materials research leading to improved methods of measurement, standards, and data on the properties of materials needed by industry, commerce, educational institutions, and Government; provides advisory and research services to other Government -
Don Maslin CP/M Collection
http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c8ws90bd No online items Guide to the Don Maslin CP/M collection Finding aid prepared by Rita Wang and Sydney Gulbronson Olson, 2017. Elena Colón-Marrero, and Pennington Ahlstrand, 2020. Processing of this collection was made possible through generous funding from the National Archives' National Historical Publications & Records Commission: Access to Historical Records grant. Computer History Museum 1401 N. Shoreline Blvd. Mountain View, CA, 94043 (650) 810-1010 [email protected] August 2020 Guide to the Don Maslin CP/M X6817.2013 1 collection Title: Don Maslin CP/M collection Identifier/Call Number: X6817.2013 Contributing Institution: Computer History Museum Language of Material: English Physical Description: 29.5 Linear feet,19 record carts, 6 software boxes, and 1 periodical box Date (bulk): Bulk, 1977-1984 Date (inclusive): 1973-1996 Abstract: The Don Maslin CP/M collection consists of software and published documentation ranging from 1973 to 1996, with the bulk being from 1977 to 1984. About half of the collection consists of software in floppy disk and cassette formats. Most of this portion of the collection pertains to CP/M and applications that were written for the CP/M operating system. The other half of the collection contains text documentation such as reference manuals and user guides for a variety of software and hardware. A significant portion of the text is related to hardware, some of which was donated with this collection and is cataloged separately. Notable companies in this collection include Advanced Computer Design, Advanced Digital Corporation, Epson, Hewlett-Packard, IBM, MicroPro, and Tektronix. -
A Code Correlation Comparison of the DOS and CP/M Operating Systems
Journal of Software Engineering and Applications, 2014, 7, 513-529 Published Online May 2014 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/jsea http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jsea.2014.76048 A Code Correlation Comparison of the DOS and CP/M Operating Systems Robert Zeidman Zeidman Consulting, Cupertino, USA Email: [email protected] Received 3 April 2014; revised 1 May 2014; accepted 8 May 2014 Copyright © 2014 by author and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Abstract For years, rumors have circulated that the code for the original DOS operating system created by Microsoft for the IBM personal computer is actually copied from the CP/M operating system de- veloped by Digital Research Incorporated. In this paper, scientifically tested and accepted forensic analysis mathematical techniques, step-by-step processes, and advanced software code compari- son tools are used to compare early versions of the two code bases. The conclusion is reached that no copying of code takes place1. Keywords DOS, CP/M, Copyright Infringement, Software Forensics, Software Correlation 1. Introduction For purposes of better understanding, the introduction includes the historical background and the legal issues. 1.1. Historical Background Gary Kildall is the man who, according to some, could have been and should have been the reigning king of software. Kildall created the CP/M (Control Program for Microcomputers) operating system that was used on many of the hobbyist personal computers before Apple and IBM introduced their machines. Kildall created 1Full disclosure: The process used is the process developed at my consulting company Zeidman Consulting. -
THE OSBORNE/Mcgraw-HILL
Osborne/McGraw-Hill THE OSBORNE/McGRAW-HILL Thom Hogan The Osborne/McGraw-Hill CP/M User G uide Third Edition by Thom Hogan Osborne/ McGraw-Hill Berkeley, California Published by Osborne/ McGraw-Hill 2600 Tenth Street Berkeley, California 94710 U.S.A. For information on translations and book distributors outside of the U.S.A., please write to Osborne/McGraw-Hill at the above address. THE OSBORNE/McGRAW-HILL CP/M® USER GUIDE Copyright® 1981, 1982, 1984 by M cG raw -H ill, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a data base or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher, with the exception that the program listings may be entered, stored, and executed in a computer system, but they may not be reproduced for publication. 1234567890 DODO 8987654 ISBN 0-88134-128-2 Karen Hanson, Acquisitions Editor Ralph Baumgartner, Technical Editor Ellen Guethlein Silge, Copy Editor KLT van Genderen, Text Design Yashi Okita, Cover Design Photography by Richard Cash and Harvey Schwartz An earlier version of this book was reviewed for technical content by William Fairman of Faircom and Doug Huskey of Digital Research. Technical editors were Curtis A. Ingraham and Martin McNiff. Compositional editor was Denise E.M. Penrose. Hogan, Thom , 1952- The CP/ M User Guide: For all CP/ M-80 and CP/ M-PLUS Users Bibliography: p 267 Includes index.