A Code Correlation Comparison of the DOS and CP/M Operating Systems
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An Inside Look at MS-DOS, June 1983, BYTE Magazine
An Inside Look at MS-DOS The design decisions behind the popular operating system Tim Paterson Seattle Computer Products 1114 Industry Dr. Seattle, WA 98188 The purpose of a personal com- often on the first try. Unfortunately, read-only memory). Both of these puter operating system is to provide many of the software developers tools had been developed in house. the user with basic control of the Seattle Computer talked to in the machine. A less obvious function is to earlier days preferred to simply ig- MS-DOS Organization furnish the user with a high-level, nore MS-DOS. Until the IBM Per- The core of MS-DOS is a device- machine-independent interface for sonal Computer was announced, independent input/output (I/O) han- application programs, so that those these developers felt that CP/M-86 dler, represented on a system disk by programs can run on two dissimilar would be the operating system of the hidden file MSDOS.SYS. It ac- machines, despite the differences in 8086/8088 computers. cepts requests from application pro- their peripheral hardware. Having Other concerns crucial to the grams to do high-level I/O, such as designed an 8086 microprocessor card design of MS-DOS were speed and ef- sequential or random access of named for the S-100 bus and not finding an ficiency. Efficiency primarily means disk files, or communication with appropriate disk operating system on making as much disk space as possi- character devices such as the console. the market, Seattle Computer Prod- ble available for storing data by mini- The handler processes these requests ucts set about designing MS-DOS. -
GBCC-CIS-1 Page 1 Micro-Soft’S Macro-Impact
CIS111 GBCC Renee Dodge CIS111 Mid-Term – Fall 2010 For your mid-term, I would like you to conduct some research on the history of computers. Select a milestone or event that you feel had a significant impact on the overall development of computers and how we use computers today. Be sure you not only provide your opinion as to why you feel this milestone is significant, but also provide historical proof - actual facts as to how this event shaped the development and use of computers. For this assignment, please complete the following: 1. Choose a topic 2. Research your topic and locate at least 5 different sources of information, overall. o At least 3 sources should be Internet websites. o Remember: Wikipedia is NOT an acceptable research source. 3. In addition to the Internet, you should also utilize the library online resources (EBSCO database, e-Books, etc). o At least 2 different sources of information should be online library resources. o If you have never used the library online resources before, you may ask me for a brief overview of how to use them or see Becky Clerkin in the library for help. 4. Include your research findings in a 5-page paper and be sure to properly cite where you found your information. If you are not sure how to cite references check out the following link: How to Cite Books, Magazines, and Web Sites in a Research Paper: http://www.lib.duke.edu/libguide/works_cited.htm 5. Upload your research paper to the Digital Drop BoX no later than Wednesday, October 27th at 11:59pm. -
Cromemco 3K Control Basic Instruction Manual 023-0023 197904
l•• CROMEMCO 3K CONTROL BASIC INSTRUCTION MANUAL J (Models MCB-216 & CB-308) \":'f,_'~", ~,-:- \ 1I q q .'.':&...•• q~"'!'-- - ~.' q..~¥_..../ CROMEMCO; INC. q 280 Berna rd'o Avenue Mountain View, CA 94043 >""1 ;~ Part No. 023-0023 April 1979 ~r Copyright © 1977, 1979 By CROMEMCO, INC. I' _ All Rights Reserved ...i· ... I'-. •I r This manual was produced in its entirety with the Cromemco Word ( Processing System and was printed on a Cromemco 3355 P r in t e r wit h pro po r t ion a 1 I spacing. I ,I I I I I I I I 1 ~~ J Table of Contents I Section 1 1 Introduct ion . ....... 1 2 Getting Started with Control Basic 3 1 2.1 Installing Control Basic in Your System ••• 3 2.2 Entering programs from the Console Device 3 2.3 Entering or Saving Programs l with Other Devices •••••• 4 3 Elements of the Control Basic Language 6 1 3.1 Numbers and Constants • •••• 6 3.2 Variables •••• •• • ••• 6 3.3 Functions •••••••• ••• 7 .4 3.4 Arithmetic and Compare Operators 8 3.5 Expressions • •• ••• 9 4 Control Basic Syntax 10 4.1 Control Basic General Syntax •••• 10 4.2 Abbreviations and Summary of Commands 12 4.3 Memory Organization of Control Basic 14 .1 5 Control Basic Commands and Statements 16 5.1 Assignment Commands •••••• 16 5.1.1 LET Command 16 5.1.2 PUT Command ••••••••• 16 1 5.2 Control Commands 18 5.2.1 IF Command ••••••• 18 5.2.2 GOTO Command •••••••••••• 18 .1 5.2.3 FOR Command. -
A Guide to Discuss Ethical Issues in Digital Research Second Edition
Ethical challenges in digital research 2nd edition ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN DIGITAL RESEARCH A guide to discuss ethical issues in digital research Second edition Ethical challenges in digital research 2nd edition Ethical challenges in digital research – A guide to discuss ethical issues in digital research Second edition January 2020 Developed by DIGETIK at Aalborg University as part of DIGHUMLAB Authors Line Lisberg Christensen, Research Assistant Malene Charlotte Larsen, Associate Professor Layout Steffen Madsen, DIGHUMLAB i Ethical challenges in digital research 2nd edition I. Introduction to document The ever-changing development of digital technologies and digital infrastructure makes it necessary for us as researchers to change approaches to digital research within the humanities. In terms of research ethics, we can no longer use traditional laws and guidelines that only match the non-digital world. In a time where it is necessary to change and re-think our ways of doing research, we bring to you this second version of Ethical Challenges in Digital Research to initiate discussions about ethical research and to help guide you in your digital research. The compound may serve you as a guideline to ethical research, a helpful tool to those in need of inspiration or merely as a list of literature that is relevant to your field, whether that is: big data, surveillance, privacy, games and gamification, ethics in studies with children and adolescents, health research, journalism, ethnographic studies, visual methods, vulnerable groups, web archives, economy, risky business for researchers or one of the many other categories in this collection of ethical digital research. We initially created this document with the intention of helping scholars reflect and discuss the ethical dimensions of their digital research, whilst providing guidance and insight about how to deal with these issues. -
Concurrent CP/M-86 User's Guide 1.1 What Concurrent CP/M-86 Is
Concurrent CP/M-86™ Operating System Concurrent CP/M-86™ Operating System User's Guide Copyright © 1982 Digital Research P.O. Box -579 160 Central Avenue Pacific Grove, CA 93950 (408) 649-3896 TWX 910 360 5001 All Rights Reserved COPYRIGHT Copyr ight © 1982 by Digi tal Research. All r igh ts reserved. No part of this pUblication may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any language or compu ter language, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, manual or otherwise, without the prior written permiss ion of Digital Research, Post Off ice Box 579, Pacific Grove, California, 93950. This manual is, however, tutorial in nature. Thus, the reader is granted permission to include the example programs, either in whole or in part, in his own programs. DISCLAIMER Digital Research makes no representations or warranties with respect to the contents hereof and specifically disclaims any ,implied warranties of merchantabil i ty or fitness for any particular purpose. Further, Digital Research reserves the right to revise this publication and to make changes f rom time to time in the content hereof wi thou t obligation of Digital Research to notify any person of such revision or changes. TRADEMARKS CP/M is a registered trademark of Digital Research. ASM-86, CP/M-86, Concurrent CP/M-86 and DDT-86 are trademarks of Digital Research. ED and TEX are utilities of Digital Research. Intel is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation. The IBM Personal Computer is a trade name of International Business Machines. -
OS 386 Multiuser/Multitasking Operating System
OS 386 Multiuser/Multitasking Operating System REFERENCE GUIDE [Q] DIGITAL RESEARCH@ os REFERENCE GUIDE [jill DIGITAL RESEARCH~ COPYRIGHT Copyright © 1987 Digital Research Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any language or computer language, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, manual or otherwise without the prior written permission of Digital Research Inc, 60 Garden Court, Box DRI, Monterey, California 93942 DISCLAIMER DIGITAL RESEARCH MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE CONTENTS HEREOF AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Further Digital Research Inc. reserves the right to revise this publication and to make changes from time to time in the content hereof without obligation of Digital Research Inc to notify any person of such revision or changes. NOTICE TO USER This manual should not be construed as any representation or warranty with respect to the software named herein. Occasionally changes or variations exist in the software that are not reflected in the manual. Generally, if such changes or variations are known to exist and to affect the product significantly, a release note or READ.ME file accompanies the manual and the distribution disks. In that event, be sure to read the release note or READ.ME file before using the product. ii TRADEMARKS Digital Research and its logo, CP/M, and CP/M-86 are registered trademarks of Digital Research Inc. Cardfile, Concurrent, Concurrent DOS 386, Concurrent DOS XM, DR EDIX, DOS Plus and MP/M-86 are trademarks of Digital Research Inc. -
Wikipedia: Design of the FAT File System
Design of the FAT file system A FAT file system is a specific type of computer file system architecture and FAT a family of industry-standard file systems utilizing it. Developer(s) Microsoft, SCP, IBM, [3] The FAT file system is a legacy file system which is simple and robust. It Compaq, Digital offers good performance even in very light-weight implementations, but Research, Novell, cannot deliver the same performance, reliability and scalability as some Caldera modern file systems. It is, however, supported for compatibility reasons by Full name File Allocation Table: nearly all currently developed operating systems for personal computers and FAT12 (12- many home computers, mobile devices and embedded systems, and thus is a bit version), well suited format for data exchange between computers and devices of almost FAT16 (16- any type and age from 1981 through the present. bit versions), Originally designed in 1977 for use on floppy disks, FAT was soon adapted and FAT32 (32-bit version used almost universally on hard disks throughout the DOS and Windows 9x with 28 bits used), eras for two decades. Today, FAT file systems are still commonly found on exFAT (64- floppy disks, USB sticks, flash and other solid-state memory cards and bit versions) modules, and many portable and embedded devices. DCF implements FAT as Introduced 1977 (Standalone the standard file system for digital cameras since 1998.[4] FAT is also utilized Disk BASIC-80) for the EFI system partition (partition type 0xEF) in the boot stage of EFI- FAT12: August 1980 compliant computers. (SCP QDOS) FAT16: August 1984 For floppy disks, FAT has been standardized as ECMA-107[5] and (IBM PC DOS 3.0) ISO/IEC 9293:1994[6] (superseding ISO 9293:1987[7]). -
DR DOS for the Zfx86
DR DOS for the ZFx86 Cost Effective, Reliable, Rapid Deployment of Embedded Systems w DR DOS on the ZFx86 gets products to market quickly at the lowest development and ownership cost. w Thousands of compatible applications, drivers and utilities available free or at minimal cost. w Full documentation available. DR DOS 7.03 Key Features of DR DOS Online Manual - DRDOS is supplied with a complete The ideal embedded DOS system, online manual that contains detailed information about all designed for out-of-the-box of the features of the operating system including the basic implementation into ROM or Flash commands, and the advanced utilities. It also has online ROM with tools and associated help available for all its commands. documents available in the DRDOS Memory Management - Memory management features OEM Documentation Kit. include a set of device drivers and commands that enable w 100% MS-DOS 6.22 compatible.. you to manage memory efficiently and make as much memory as possible available to your applications. w Comprehensive DOS utility set DOS Protected Mode Services - DOS Protected Mode w Multitasking, with API for developers Services (DPMS) interface allows specially-implemented w DPMS memory manager in addition to DPMI device drivers and TSRs to operate in extended memory. w Stacker disk compression This makes more memory within the first megabyte w NWCACHE - disk caching program available to applications and other conventionally-written drivers and TSRs. Both Stacker* (the disk compression w EMM386 memory manager program), and NWCACHE (the disk cache) use DPMS. w DOS Protected Mode Services (DPMS) Disk Compression - The disk compression component w Multitasking enables you to store more information by compressing the w DR-DOS provides a full multitasking environment data. -
CP/M-80 Kaypro
$3.00 June-July 1985 . No. 24 TABLE OF CONTENTS C'ing Into Turbo Pascal ....................................... 4 Soldering: The First Steps. .. 36 Eight Inch Drives On The Kaypro .............................. 38 Kaypro BIOS Patch. .. 40 Alternative Power Supply For The Kaypro . .. 42 48 Lines On A BBI ........ .. 44 Adding An 8" SSSD Drive To A Morrow MD-2 ................... 50 Review: The Ztime-I .......................................... 55 BDOS Vectors (Mucking Around Inside CP1M) ................. 62 The Pascal Runoff 77 Regular Features The S-100 Bus 9 Technical Tips ........... 70 In The Public Domain... .. 13 Culture Corner. .. 76 C'ing Clearly ............ 16 The Xerox 820 Column ... 19 The Slicer Column ........ 24 Future Tense The KayproColumn ..... 33 Tidbits. .. .. 79 Pascal Procedures ........ 57 68000 Vrs. 80X86 .. ... 83 FORTH words 61 MSX In The USA . .. 84 On Your Own ........... 68 The Last Page ............ 88 NEW LOWER PRICES! NOW IN "UNKIT"* FORM TOO! "BIG BOARD II" 4 MHz Z80·A SINGLE BOARD COMPUTER WITH "SASI" HARD·DISK INTERFACE $795 ASSEMBLED & TESTED $545 "UNKIT"* $245 PC BOARD WITH 16 PARTS Jim Ferguson, the designer of the "Big Board" distributed by Digital SIZE: 8.75" X 15.5" Research Computers, has produced a stunning new computer that POWER: +5V @ 3A, +-12V @ 0.1A Cal-Tex Computers has been shipping for a year. Called "Big Board II", it has the following features: • "SASI" Interface for Winchester Disks Our "Big Board II" implements the Host portion of the "Shugart Associates Systems • 4 MHz Z80-A CPU and Peripheral Chips Interface." Adding a Winchester disk drive is no harder than attaching a floppy-disk The new Ferguson computer runs at 4 MHz. -
Microsoft Plays Hardball: Use of Exclusionary Pricing and Technical
Antitrust Bulletin, XL:2, Summer 1995, 265-315 MICROSOFT PLAYS HARDBALL: The Use of Exclusionary Pricing and Technical Incompatibility to Maintain Monopoly Power in Markets for Operating System Software† by KENNETH C. BASEMAN* FREDERICK R. WARREN-BOULTON* and GLENN A. WOROCH** May 1995 ___________________ * Principals, MiCRA: Microeconomic Consulting and Research Associates, Inc., Washington, DC. ** University of California, Berkeley. † Forthcoming, Antitrust Bulletin, June 1995. We would like to express our appreciation for helpful comments and other assistance to Sturge Sobin, Linnet Harlan, Paul Dennis and the participants at the Columbia Business School's Institute for Tele-Information's Seminar on Sustaining Competition in Network Industries through Regulating and Pricing Access, especially Janusz Ordover and Bobby Willig. TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY ................................... 1 II. BACKGROUND .................................................... 3 A. THE MARKET FOR PERSONAL COMPUTER OPERATING SYSTEMS ............................................................ 3 TABLE: NEW SHIPMENTS OF PERSONAL COMPUTER OPERATING SYSTEMS .............................................. 8 B. MICROSOFT'S PRACTICES ..................................... 9 III. FIRST-DEGREE PRICE DISCRIMINATION vs. INEFFICIENT SUBSTITUTION ................................................... 15 A. FIRST-DEGREE PRICE DISCRIMINATION ........................ 16 B. INEFFICIENT SUBSTITUTION ................................. 20 IV. ANTIFRAUD AND ANTIPIRACY -
Table of Contents
^9/08/89 11:43 U206 883 8101 MICROSOFT CORP.. 12)002 Table of Contents m-^mm Table of Contaits 09/08/89 11:44 'Q206 883 8101 MICROSOFT CORP _ _ [ 1003 The Story Begins JAN The story of MS-DOS_begins ..in a hotel in Albuquerque, New Mexico. 1975 In 1975, Albuquerque was the home of Micro Instrumentation'Telemetry MiTS introduces the 8080-baseci Systems, better known as MITS- In January of that year, MITS had intro- Altair computer. duced a kit computer called the Altair. When it was first snipped, the Altair consisted of a metal box with, a panel of switches for input and output, a power supply, and-two boards. One board was the CPU.. At its heart was the 8-bit 8080 microprocessor chip from InteL The other board provided 256 bytes of memory. The Altair had no keyboard, no monitor, and no permanent storage. But it had a revolutionary price tag. It cost $397. For the first time, the term "personal computer" acquired a real-world meaning. The real world of the Altair was not, however, the world of business computing. It was-primarily the world of the computer hobbyist These first users of the microcomputer were not as interested in using spreadsheets and word processors as they were in programming. Accordingly, the first soft- ware for the Altair was a programming language. And the company that developed it was a two-man firm, in Albuquerque, called Microsoft FEB The two men at MiCTosof^ej^PailjAJten^and Bffl Gates-Allen and 1975 Gates-had met when-they were both students at Lakeside High School in Microsoft sails first BASIC to Seattle, where they began their computer-science education oa the school's MITS lor Altair time-sharing terminal By the time Gates had graduated, me two of them had computer. -
Windows in Concurrent PC
Using Concurrent PC DOS OTHER BOOKS BY THE AUTHOR Microcomputer Operating Systems (1982) The Byte Guide to CP/M-86 (1984) Using Concurrent PC DOS Mark Dahmke McGraw-Hili Book Company New York St. Louis San Francisco Auckland Bogota Hamburg Johannesburg London Madrid Mexico Montreal New Delhi Panama Paris Sao Paulo Singapore Sydney Tokyo Toronto Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Dahmke, Mark. U sing Concurrent PC DOS. Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Concurrent PC DOS (Computer operation system) 1. Title. QA76.76.063D34 1986 005.4' 469 85-15473 ISBN 0-07-015073-7 Copyright © 1986 by McGraw-Hili, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a data base or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 1234567890 DOC/DOC 893210876 ISBN 0-07-015073-7 The editors for this book were Steven Guty and Vivian Koenig, the designer was Naomi Auerbach, and the production supervisor was Teresa F. Leaden. It was set in Century Schoolbook by Byrd Data Imaging. Printed and bound by R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company. To my sister Patricia Contents Chapter 1. Introduction 1 What Is Concurrent PC DOS? 1 What Is an Operating System? 1 The DOS Family Tree 3 The Scope of This Book 5 Chapter 2. Concurrent PC DOS Compatibility 6 Concurrent PC DOS Compatibility 6 PC·DOS, TopView, and the IBM PC AT 7 Concurrent CP/M·86 9 Chapter 3.