Global Geographic Distribution and Host Range of Fusarium Circinatum, the Causal Agent of Pine Pitch Canker
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Diversity and Toxigenicity of Fungi That Cause Pineapple Fruitlet Core Rot
toxins Article Diversity and Toxigenicity of Fungi that Cause Pineapple Fruitlet Core Rot Bastien Barral 1,2,* , Marc Chillet 1,2, Anna Doizy 3 , Maeva Grassi 1, Laetitia Ragot 1, Mathieu Léchaudel 1,4, Noel Durand 1,5, Lindy Joy Rose 6 , Altus Viljoen 6 and Sabine Schorr-Galindo 1 1 Qualisud, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ d’Avignon, Univ de La Reunion, F-34398 Montpellier, France; [email protected] (M.C.); [email protected] (M.G.); [email protected] (L.R.); [email protected] (M.L.); [email protected] (N.D.); [email protected] (S.S.-G.) 2 CIRAD, UMR Qualisud, F-97410 Saint-Pierre, Reunion, France 3 CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, F-97410 Saint-Pierre, Reunion, France; [email protected] 4 CIRAD, UMR Qualisud, F-97130 Capesterre-Belle-Eau, Guadeloupe, France 5 CIRAD, UMR Qualisud, F-34398 Montpellier, France 6 Department of Plant Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7600, South Africa; [email protected] (L.J.R.); [email protected] (A.V.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +262-2-62-49-27-88 Received: 14 April 2020; Accepted: 14 May 2020; Published: 21 May 2020 Abstract: The identity of the fungi responsible for fruitlet core rot (FCR) disease in pineapple has been the subject of investigation for some time. This study describes the diversity and toxigenic potential of fungal species causing FCR in La Reunion, an island in the Indian Ocean. One-hundred-and-fifty fungal isolates were obtained from infected and healthy fruitlets on Reunion Island and exclusively correspond to two genera of fungi: Fusarium and Talaromyces. -
Encino En Guadalupe Y Calvo, Chihuahua Diversity and Vertical
Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Forestales Vol. 10 (53) May – June (2019) DOI: https://doi.org/10.29298/rmcf.v10i53.173 Article Diversidad y estructura vertical del bosque de pino– encino en Guadalupe y Calvo, Chihuahua Diversity and vertical structure of the pine-oak forest in Guadalupe y Calvo, Chihuahua Samuel Alberto García García1, Raúl Narváez Flores1, Jesús Miguel Olivas García1 y Javier Hernández Salas1 Resumen Se evaluaron áreas con y sin manejo forestal de la Umafor 0808 Guadalupe y Calvo, Chihuahua; gestionadas mediante el Método Mexicano de Ordenación de Bosques Irregulares (MMOBI). Se analizó y comparó la información de conglomerados del Inventario Nacional Forestal y de Suelos (2004-2009); 95 en masas con manejo y 27 sin manejo. Se determinó la estructura vertical por medio de la regeneración natural, pisos de altura de los árboles y posición sociológica. Las especies con distribución continua, desde el piso inferior de la regeneración hasta el piso arbóreo superior en el bosque con manejo fueron: Pinus durangensis, P. arizonica, P. ayacahuite, P. herrerae y P.engelmannii; mientras que, en el bosque sin manejo se registraron: P. durangensis y P. arizonica. Las principales diferencias entre los bosques estudiados correspondieron al promedio de altura en el piso arbóreo superior; en los bosques con manejo fue de 30.16 m y en los sin manejo, su valor fue de 21.86 m; además, se observó una mayor regeneración de P. durangensis en los primeros. Respecto a la diversidad de especies, no hubo diferencia significativa entre ambos tipos de bosque (P>0.05). Por lo anterior, se concluye que, de acuerdo con la información analizada, la regulación del aprovechamiento maderable con el MMOBI permite mantener la diversidad estructural y de especies, similar a la de un bosque natural sin manejo. -
Biomass Accumulation and Carbon Storage in Pinus Maximinoi, Quercus Robur, Quercus Rugosa, and Pinus Patula from Village-Forests of Chiapas, Mexico
DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.72838 ProvisionalChapter chapter 2 Biomass Accumulation and Carbon Storage in Pinus maximinoi, Quercus robur, Quercus rugosa, and Pinus patula from Village-Forests of Chiapas, Mexico Francisco Guevara-Hernández,Guevara-Hernández, Luis Alfredo Rodríguez-Larramendi,Rodríguez-Larramendi, Luis Reyes-Muro, LuisJosé Nahed-Toral,Reyes-Muro, José Alejandro Nahed-Toral, Ley-de Coss, AlejandroRené Pinto-Ruiz, Ley-de Leopoldo Coss, René Medina-Sanson, Pinto-Ruiz, LeopoldoJulio Díaz-José, Medina-Sanson, Fredy Delgado-Ruiz, Julio Díaz-José, Deb Raj Aryal, FredyJosé Apolonio Delgado-Ruiz, Venegas-Venegas, Deb Raj Aryal, JoséJesús Apolonio Ovando-Cruz, Venegas-Venegas, JesúsMaría Ovando-Cruz, de los Ángeles Rosales-Esquinca, MaríaCarlos deErnesto los Ángeles Aguilar-Jiménez, Rosales-Esquinca, CarlosMiguel Ernesto Angel Salas-Marina, Aguilar-Jiménez, MiguelFrancisco Angel Javier Salas-Marina, Medina-Jonapá, FranciscoAdalberto Javier Hernández-Lopez Medina-Jonapá, and Vidal Hernández-García Adalberto Hernández-Lopez and VidalAdditional Hernández-García information is available at the end of the chapter Additional information is available at the end of the chapter http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.72838 Abstract The Frailesca region (Chiapas, Mexico) presents a lack of forest studies and its environ- mental contribution. This chapter displays a first case study with preliminary research information regarding the identification of main forest trees and rural villages with best potential for biomass production and carbon storage management. Twenty two plots of 500 m2 were selected in 11 villages of the region, in order to identify the main and dominant forest trees species and then to estimate the biomass production and carbon storage in pine (Pinus maximinoi), oak (Quercus robur), holm oak (Quercus rugosa) and Mexican weeping pine (Pinus patula) species. -
Pines in the Arboretum
UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA MtJ ARBORETUM REVIEW No. 32-198 PETER C. MOE Pines in the Arboretum Pines are probably the best known of the conifers native to The genus Pinus is divided into hard and soft pines based on the northern hemisphere. They occur naturally from the up the hardness of wood, fundamental leaf anatomy, and other lands in the tropics to the limits of tree growth near the Arctic characteristics. The soft or white pines usually have needles in Circle and are widely grown throughout the world for timber clusters of five with one vascular bundle visible in cross sec and as ornamentals. In Minnesota we are limited by our cli tions. Most hard pines have needles in clusters of two or three mate to the more cold hardy species. This review will be with two vascular bundles visible in cross sections. For the limited to these hardy species, their cultivars, and a few hy discussion here, however, this natural division will be ignored brids that are being evaluated at the Arboretum. and an alphabetical listing of species will be used. Where neces Pines are readily distinguished from other common conifers sary for clarity, reference will be made to the proper groups by their needle-like leaves borne in clusters of two to five, of particular species. spirally arranged on the stem. Spruce (Picea) and fir (Abies), Of the more than 90 species of pine, the following 31 are or for example, bear single leaves spirally arranged. Larch (Larix) have been grown at the Arboretum. It should be noted that and true cedar (Cedrus) bear their leaves in a dense cluster of many of the following comments and recommendations are indefinite number, whereas juniper (Juniperus) and arborvitae based primarily on observations made at the University of (Thuja) and their related genera usually bear scalelikie or nee Minnesota Landscape Arboretum, and plant performance dlelike leaves that are opposite or borne in groups of three. -
Acaricidal Activity of Fusarium Subglutinans 12A on Tetranychus Urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae
Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 14 (1):83-88, 2019 ISSN 1304-9984, e-ISSN 2687-3419 Araştırma Makalesi Acaricidal activity of Fusarium subglutinans 12A on Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae Asiye UZUN1* Ozan DEMİRÖZER1 Ş. Evrim ARICI1 Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Department of Plant Protection, 32260, Isparta/Turkey *Corresponding author: [email protected] The arrival date:01.03.2019, Acceptance date: 28.05.2019 Abstract: In this study, efficacy of different spore concentrations of Fusarium subglutinans 12A isolate on Tetranychus urticae Koch females was investigated. The experimental design was a complete randomized block and all trials were conducted in five replications. In the study, 1x104, 1x106 and 1x108 spores/ml spore concentrations were applied to shell bean leaves that were prepared according to leaf disc method spraying in droplets at 1 atm pressure. Observations on mortality of females and also mycosis developing on dead individuals were conducted on the 3rd, 5th, and 7th days after application. According to the study results, mortality rates were higher than control at three spore concentrations, but they did not differ from each other (F 44,239; df 3; P> 0.05). Mycosis were not significant at three spore concentrations (F 2,387; df 2; P> 0.05). Moreover, it was determined that the time-dependent mortality rate after application of Fusarium subglutinans 12A isolate was the highest on the 7th day at all spore concentrations. Keywords: Biological control, enthomopathogen fungi, two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) üzerinde Fusarium subglutinans 12A'nın akarisidal aktivitesi Özet: Bu çalışmada, Fusarium subglutinans 12A izolatının farklı spor konsantrasyonlarının Tetranychus urticae Koch dişi bireyleri üzerindeki etkililiği araştırılmıştır. -
Native Trees of Mexico: Diversity, Distribution, Uses and Conservation
Native trees of Mexico: diversity, distribution, uses and conservation Oswaldo Tellez1,*, Efisio Mattana2,*, Mauricio Diazgranados2, Nicola Kühn2, Elena Castillo-Lorenzo2, Rafael Lira1, Leobardo Montes-Leyva1, Isela Rodriguez1, Cesar Mateo Flores Ortiz1, Michael Way2, Patricia Dávila1 and Tiziana Ulian2 1 Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Av. De los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala Tlalnepantla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Estado de México, Mexico 2 Wellcome Trust Millennium Building, RH17 6TN, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Ardingly, West Sussex, United Kingdom * These authors contributed equally to this work. ABSTRACT Background. Mexico is one of the most floristically rich countries in the world. Despite significant contributions made on the understanding of its unique flora, the knowledge on its diversity, geographic distribution and human uses, is still largely fragmented. Unfortunately, deforestation is heavily impacting this country and native tree species are under threat. The loss of trees has a direct impact on vital ecosystem services, affecting the natural capital of Mexico and people's livelihoods. Given the importance of trees in Mexico for many aspects of human well-being, it is critical to have a more complete understanding of their diversity, distribution, traditional uses and conservation status. We aimed to produce the most comprehensive database and catalogue on native trees of Mexico by filling those gaps, to support their in situ and ex situ conservation, promote their sustainable use, and inform reforestation and livelihoods programmes. Methods. A database with all the tree species reported for Mexico was prepared by compiling information from herbaria and reviewing the available floras. Species names were reconciled and various specialised sources were used to extract additional species information, i.e. -
Fusarium Awaxy Fungal Planet Description Sheets 363
362 Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019 Fusarium awaxy Fungal Planet description sheets 363 Fungal Planet 1012 – 18 December 2019 Fusarium awaxy Petters-Vandresen, Galli-Terasawa, Terasawa & Glienke, sp. nov. Etymology. Named after the Tupi-Guarani word for maize, ‘awaxy’, Additionally, based on a BLAST search and a phylogenetic referring to the substrate (maize ears and stalks) and geographical location analysis using tef1 sequences, other strains, which were mis- (Arapoti and Guarapuava cities in Paraná, as these names come from the identified as F. subglutinans, are now identified as F. awaxy. Tupi-Guarani language). Such strains include isolates from Zea mays from China (Gen- Classification — Nectriaceae, Hypocreales, Hypocreomyce- Bank KT716223; Identities = 630/630 (100 %)) (Zhang et al. tidae, Sordariomycetes. 2016), South Korea (GenBank JX867945; Identities = 641/641 (100 %)) (Kim et al. 2012), Argentina (GenBank MG857113; On synthetic nutrient agar (SNA) with carnation leaves: Micro- Identities = 641/641 (100 %)) (Martinez et al. unpubl. data) and conidia forming abundantly in false heads in aerial mycelium, Brazil (GenBank KP336408; Identities = 545/545 (100 %)) arising in monophialides and polyphialides, oval, 7.8–16 µm (Faria et al. 2012), as well as one strain isolated from Sorghum (x̅ = 11.7 µm) long, 2.1–5.7 µm (x̅ = 4.4 µm) wide, aseptate. bicolor in the USA (GenBank KX681493; Identities = 634/634 Chlamydospores absent. Sporodochia tan to cream coloured, (100 %)) (Funnell-Harris et al. 2017). Furthermore, another iso- formed on the surface of carnation leaves and seldom covered late from Zea mays from South Africa (MRC 115, GenBank with aerial mycelium, occasionally formed on the surface of MH582309; Identities = 649/649 (100 %)), which was previ- carnation leaf agar (CLA) or potato dextrose agar (PDA). -
The Tolerance of Pinus Patula 3 Pinus Tecunumanii, and Other Pine Hybrids, to Fusarium Circinatum in Greenhouse Trials
New Forests (2013) 44:443–456 DOI 10.1007/s11056-012-9355-3 The tolerance of Pinus patula 3 Pinus tecunumanii, and other pine hybrids, to Fusarium circinatum in greenhouse trials R. G. Mitchell • M. J. Wingfield • G. R. Hodge • E. T. Steenkamp • T. A. Coutinho Received: 7 August 2011 / Accepted: 29 June 2012 / Published online: 10 July 2012 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2012 Abstract The field survival of Pinus patula seedlings in South Africa is frequently below acceptable standards. From numerous studies it has been determined that this is largely due to the pitch canker fungus, Fusarium circinatum. Other commercial pines, such as P. elliottii and P. taeda, show good tolerance to this pathogen and better survival, but have inferior wood properties and do not grow as well as P. patula on many sites in the summer rainfall regions of South Africa. There is, thus, an urgent need to improve the tolerance of P. patula to F. circinatum. Operational experience indicates that when P. patula is hybridized with tolerant species, such as P. tecunumanii and P. oocarpa, survival is greatly improved on the warmer sites of South Africa. Field studies on young trees suggest that this is due to the improved tolerance of these hybrids to F. circinatum. In order to test the tolerance of a number of pine hybrids, the pure species representing the hybrid parents, as well as individual families of P. patula 9 P. tecunumanii, a series of greenhouse screening trials were conducted during 2008 and 2009. The results indicated that species range in tolerance and hybrids, between P. -
Biodiversity Conservation in Botanical Gardens
AgroSMART 2019 International scientific and practical conference ``AgroSMART - Smart solutions for agriculture'' Volume 2019 Conference Paper Biodiversity Conservation in Botanical Gardens: The Collection of Pinaceae Representatives in the Greenhouses of Peter the Great Botanical Garden (BIN RAN) E M Arnautova and M A Yaroslavceva Department of Botanical garden, BIN RAN, Saint-Petersburg, Russia Abstract The work researches the role of botanical gardens in biodiversity conservation. It cites the total number of rare and endangered plants in the greenhouse collection of Peter the Great Botanical garden (BIN RAN). The greenhouse collection of Pinaceae representatives has been analysed, provided with a short description of family, genus and certain species, presented in the collection. The article highlights the importance of Pinaceae for various industries, decorative value of plants of this group, the worth of the pinaceous as having environment-improving properties. In Corresponding Author: the greenhouses there are 37 species of Pinaceae, of 7 geni, all species have a E M Arnautova conservation status: CR -- 2 species, EN -- 3 species, VU- 3 species, NT -- 4 species, LC [email protected] -- 25 species. For most species it is indicated what causes depletion. Most often it is Received: 25 October 2019 the destruction of natural habitats, uncontrolled clearance, insect invasion and diseases. Accepted: 15 November 2019 Published: 25 November 2019 Keywords: biodiversity, botanical gardens, collections of tropical and subtropical plants, Pinaceae plants, conservation status Publishing services provided by Knowledge E E M Arnautova and M A Yaroslavceva. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons 1. Introduction Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use and Nowadays research of biodiversity is believed to be one of the overarching goals for redistribution provided that the original author and source are the modern world. -
Songbird Ecology in Southwestern Ponderosa
This file was created by scanning the printed publication. Errors identified by the software have been corrected; however, some errors may remain. Chapter 1 Ecology of Southwestern Ponderosa Pine Forests William H. Moir, Brian Geils, Mary Ann Benoit, and Dan Scurlock describes natural and human induced changes in the com- What Is Ponderosa Pine Forest position and structure of these forests. and Why Is It Important? Forests dominated by ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Paleoecology var. scopulorurn) are a major forest type of western North America (figure 1; Steele 1988; Daubenmire 1978; Oliver and Ryker 1990). In this publication, a ponderosa pine The oldest remains of ponderosa pine in the Western forest has an overstory, regardless of successional stage, United States are 600,000 year old fossils found in west dominated by ponderosa pine. This definition corresponds central Nevada. Examination of pack rat middens in New to the interior ponderosa pine cover type of the Society of Mexico and Texas, shows that ponderosa pine was absent American Foresters (Eyre1980). At lower elevations in the during the Wisconsin period (about 10,400 to 43,000 years mountainous West, ponderosa pine forests are generally ago), although pinyon-juniper woodlands and mixed co- bordered by grasslands, pinyon-juniper woodlands, or nifer forests were extensive (Betancourt 1990). From the chaparral (shrublands). The ecotone may be wide or nar- late Pleistocene epoch (24,000 years ago) to the end of the row, and a ponderosa pine forest is recognized when the last ice age (about 10,400 years ago), the vegetation of the overstory contains at least 5 percent ponderosa pine (USFS Colorado Plateau moved southward or northward with 1986). -
Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro
UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA AGRARIA ANTONIO NARRO DIVISIÓN DE AGRONOMÍA Pinus arizonica Engelm. PRESENTA: SERGIO AMILCAR CANUL TUN MONOGRAFÍA Presentada como requisito parcial para Obtener el título de: INGENIERO FORESTAL Buenavista, Saltillo, Coahuila, México Mayo de 2005 UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA AGRARIA ANTONIO NARRO DIVISIÓN DE AGRONOMÍA DEPARTAMENTO FORESTAL Pinus arizonica Engelm. MONOGRAFÍA Que somete a consideración del H. Jurado calificador como requisito parcial para obtener el título de: INGENIERO FORESTAL PRESENTA SERGIO AMILCAR CANUL TUN APROBADA PRESIDENTE DEL JURADO COORDINADOR DE LA DIVISIÓN DE AGRONOMÍA _____________________________ ________________________________ M. C. CELESTINO FLORES LÓPEZ M. C. ARNOLDO OYERVIDES GARCÍA Buenavista, Saltillo, Coahuila, México Mayo de 2005 UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA AGRARIA ANTONIO NARRO DIVISIÓN DE AGRONOMÍA DEPARTAMENTO FORESTAL Pinus arizonica Engelm. MONOGRAFÍA Que somete a consideración del H. Jurado calificador como requisito parcial para obtener el título de: INGENIERO FORESTAL PRESENTA SERGIO AMILCAR CANUL TUN PRESIDENTE DEL JURADO _____________________________ M. C. CELESTINO FLORES LÓPEZ PRIMER SINODAL SEGUNDO SINODAL _______________________________ ___________________________________ Dr. MIGUEL ÁNGEL CAPÓ ARTEAGA Dr. JOSÉ ÁNGEL VILLARREAL QUINTANILLA Buenavista, Saltillo, Coahuila, México Mayo de 2005 DEDICATORIA A mis grandes amores: Leydi Abigail Cob Chan Nayvi Abisai Canul Cob Por haber llegado a mi vida y formar parte de mi, son un gran motivo para triunfar y salir adelante en medio de una gran tempestad. A mis padres: Ramón Cruz Canul Vázquez Lucila Tún Cahuich. Por su gran sacrificio realizado, por la confianza que me brindaron y por ser mis mejores amigos. Siempre tuve sus consejos, ayuda en el momento más crítico y comprensión. A mis hermanos: Claudio Ezequiel, por aceptar ser mi amigo, por su compañía y apoyo durante mi carrera y en este trabajo. -
Species Trials at the Waiakea Arboretum, Hilo, Hawaii. Berkeley, Calif., Pacific SW
Species Trials at the Waiakea Arboretum Hilo, Hawaii George B. Richmond U. S. FOREST SERVICE RESEARCH PAPER PSW- 4 1963 Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station - Berkeley, California Forest Service - U. S. Department of Agriculture Acknowledgments This report was prepared in cooperation with the Forestry Division, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources. The author wishes to acknowledge with gratitude the assistance of those who helped collect data upon which this report is based and those who reviewed the report and offered suggestions for its improvement. G. D. Pickford, forest ecolo- gist, Hawaii Forestry Division, assisted in preliminary planning and gath- ering field data and offered valuable suggestions in the planning of the report. Review and criticism were offered by M. F. Landgraf, district forester for the island of Hawaii, and by L. W. Bryan, retired district forester for the island of Hawaii — both of the Hawaii Forestry Division. Mr. Bryan planned and supervised the planting of the Waiakea Arboretum. A special tribute is due these and other farsighted members of the State Forester's office whose vision and energy have made this arboretum a reality. Richmond, George B. 1963. Species Trials at the Waiakea Arboretum, Hilo, Hawaii. Berkeley, Calif., Pacific SW. Forest & Range Exp. Sta. 21 pp., illus. (U.S. Forest Serv. Res. Paper PSW- 4 ) Survival counts were made of 84 exotic tree species planted during 1956-1960 in a cleared rain-forest area near Hilo, Hawaii. Growth measurements were recorded for 5- and 6-year-old plant- ings. Most species had good survival, but some failed entirely.