Fusarium Awaxy Fungal Planet Description Sheets 363

362 Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019

Fusarium awaxy Fungal Planet description sheets 363

Fungal Planet 1012 – 18 December 2019 Fusarium awaxy Petters-Vandresen, Galli-Terasawa, Terasawa & Glienke, sp. nov.

Etymology. Named after the Tupi-Guarani word for maize, ‘awaxy’, Additionally, based on a BLAST search and a phylogenetic referring to the substrate (maize ears and stalks) and geographical location analysis using tef1 sequences, other strains, which were mis (Arapoti and Guarapuava cities in Paraná, as these names come from the identified as F. subglutinans, are now identified as F. awaxy. Tupi-Guarani language). Such strains include isolates from Zea mays from China (Gen- Classification — Nectriaceae, Hypocreales, Hypocreomyce Bank KT716223; Identities = 630/630 (100 %)) (Zhang et al. tidae, Sordariomycetes. 2016), South Korea (GenBank JX867945; Identities = 641/641 (100 %)) (Kim et al. 2012), Argentina (GenBank MG857113; On synthetic nutrient agar (SNA) with carnation leaves: Micro- Identities = 641/641 (100 %)) (Martinez et al. unpubl. data) and conidia forming abundantly in false heads in aerial mycelium, Brazil (GenBank KP336408; Identities = 545/545 (100 %)) arising in monophialides and polyphialides, oval, 7.8–16 µm (Faria et al. 2012), as well as one strain isolated from Sorghum (x̅ = 11.7 µm) long, 2.1–5.7 µm (x̅ = 4.4 µm) wide, aseptate. bicolor in the USA (GenBank KX681493; Identities = 634/634 Chlamydospores absent. Sporodochia tan to cream coloured, (100 %)) (Funnell-Harris et al. 2017). Furthermore, another iso- formed on the surface of carnation leaves and seldom covered late from Zea mays from South Africa (MRC 115, GenBank with aerial mycelium, occasionally formed on the surface of MH582309; Identities = 649/649 (100 %)), which was previ- carnation leaf agar (CLA) or potato dextrose agar (PDA). Macro ously identified both as F. subglutinans and also as a putatively conidia 3-septate, 24.1–43.5 µm (x̅ = 30.4 µm) long, 3.2–5.1 novel species (‘Fusarium sp. 8’) (O’Donnell et al. 2018), can µm (x̅ = 4.2 µm) wide, less abundant than microconidia, and now be referred as F. awaxy. observed only in sporodochia. Culture characteristics — Colonies on PDA growing in the NRRL 54463 (T) F. agapanthi (T) dark with average radial growth rate of 5.9 mm/d at 24 °C - / 0.9 CBS 118516 F. ananatum (T) (reaching 74–80 mm diam in 7 d at 24 °C), with abundant MRC 7539 F. guttiforme - / 0.92 NRRL 25204 Fusarium sp. aerial mycelium. Colony white, pale pink, pale violet or peach, NRRL 25300 (T) F. begoniae occasionally becoming dark pink, vinaceous or violet in older NRRL 13602 F. anthophilum cultures. Odour absent. Minimum observed temperature for NRRL 13613 F. succisae growth at 16 °C, maximum at 32 °C, and optimal at 23–28 °C CBS 125535 (T) F. werrikimbe MRC 115 / ATCC 38016 on potato dextrose agar, oatmeal agar and SNA. 0.003 98 / 1 LGMF1661 / CMRP4003 F. awaxy Typus. Brazil, Paraná, Guarapuava, on rotten stalks of Zea mays - / 0.9 LGMF1930 / CMRP4013 (T) (Poaceae), 2016, F. Terasawa (holotype UPCB93138-H, cultures ex-type (T) 100 / 1 MUCL 52450 LGMF1930 = CMRP 4013, ITS, LSU, tef1, tub, cal and rpb2 sequences F. temperatum 100/1 NRRL 25622 GenBank MH252922, MN566091, MG839004, MG839013, MK766940 and MUCL 52468 MK766941, MycoBank MB824048). (T) 89 / 1 NRRL 22016 F. subglutinans Notes — Fusarium awaxy was identified as a new member NRRL 53904 from the American clade of the Fusarium fujikuroi species NRRL 54158 NRRL 20476 (T) F. bactridioides complex in a phylogenetic analysis using tef1, tub, ITS, cal and (T) - / 0.91 CBS 137238 F. marasasianum rpb2 sequences. Fusarium temperatum and F. subglutinans, - / 0.98 CBS 137236 (T) F. parvisorum both species already described causing maize stalk rot (Leslie 96 / 1 - / 0.98 CBS 137240 (T) F. pininemorale & Summerell 2006, Scauflaire et al. 2011) are the closest phy- CBS 137242 (T) F. sororula logenetic relatives. Fusarium temperatum and F. subglutinans NRRL 29124 Fusarium sp. show some morphological similarities, both producing micro- NRRL 13618 (T) F. bulbicola (T) conidia on mono- and polyphialides arranged in false heads in CBS 119849 F. konzum NRRL 25807 Fusarium sp. the aerial mycelium, only differing in the degree of septation of CBS 137234 F. fracticaudum the macroconidia, as F. temperatum macroconidia are usually NRRL 25195 Fusarium sp. 4-septate and F. subglutinans are 3-septate (Scauflaire et al. NRRL 25623 (T) F. sterilihyphosum 2011). Besides the difference in sporodochia colour, there is not NRRL 53984 (T) F. tupiense - / 0.97 a clear morphological delimitation between F. awaxy and F. sub- NRRL 53147 (T) F. mexicanum 98 / 1 glutinans. Nevertheless, many other species morphologically NRRL 25346 Fusarium sp. NRRL 26756 similar to F. subglutinans have been described (e.g., F. bulbico- Fusarium sp. la, F. guttiforme, F. sacchari) and can be properly differentiated NRRL 26757 NRRL 22902 Fusarium oxysporum only with the use of molecular information (Leslie & Summerell 2006). Fusarium subglutinans and F. temperatum have already Bayesian Inference tree produced with MrBayes v. 3.2.6 (Ronquist et al. been described causing human infections (Al-Hatmi et al. 2014), 2012) at CIPRES Science Gateway (Miller et al. 2012) based on tef1, tub2, ITS, cal and rpb2 sequences of Fusarium awaxy and other reference strains but F. awaxy did not grow above 32 °C, suggesting inability to belonging to the American clade of Fusarium fujikuroi species complex. ML cause infection in humans. bootstrap values above 70 % (obtained using GARLI 2.01 (Zwickl 2006) at CIPRES Science Gateway) and Bayesian posterior probability values (PP) Colour illustrations. Zea mays growing in a field trial near Curitiba. Fusa values above 0.9 indicated to the left of the nodes. Ex-type strains included rium awaxy colony on potato dextrose agar plate; sporodochia on carnation in analysis are indicated in bold and with (T). The tree was rooted to Fusarium leaves; aerial conidiophores: polyphialide, false head and monophialide; oxysporum NRRL 22902. Scale bar indicates the number of substitutions aerial oval conidia (microconidia); sporodochial conidia (macroconidia). per nucleotide. TreeBASE: http://purl.org/phylo/treebase/phylows/study/ Photos: D.A.L. Petters-Vandresen. Scale bars = 10 µm. TB2:S24292.

Desirrê Alexia Lourenço Petters-Vandresen, Lygia Vitória Galli-Terasawa, Francisco Terasawa & Chirlei Glienke, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil; e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] & [email protected]