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Bioeconomy Regional Policy Inventory

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Bioeconomy Regional Policy Inventory Bavarian Report about state-of-the-art strategies, policies and clusters related to Bioeconomy A.T.1.1 Analysis of Policy Instruments: Deliverable D.T1.1.1 Inventory of policy instruments Chemie-Cluster Bayern GmbH Magdalena Buch, PP14 Chemie-Cluster Bayern GmbH Dezember 2018 Content 1. Introduction to Bavaria’s bioeconomy related policy 3 1.1 The Bioeconomy Council Bavaria 3 1.2 Bavarian definition of “bioeconomy” is the transformation from fuel-based to a bio-based economy 3 1.3 Bavaria’s bioeconomy in numbers 4 2. Bavarian strategy unpublished - Bioeconomy Council papers cover all industry sectors and “4F” applications 8 2.1 Strategic efforts on sustainable production and use of biologic raw materials and their residuals and waste 8 2.2 Sustainable, optimized and full use of raw materials and cross industrial incentives 9 2.3 Bioeconomic break through not reached due to various reasons 9 2.4 Bavarian mission and vision of bioeconomy and five thematic key areas 10 2.5 Recommendations for policy makers in Bavaria 11 3. Strategy Implementation 11 3.1 “Bavarian Cluster Initiative” 11 3.2 Bavarian bioeconomic excellence focused in Straubing 12 3.3 Most important sectors of bioeconomic applications in Bavaria 15 4. Future Outlook Fehler! Textmarke nicht definiert.8 References 188 Abbreviations 199 Pag. 2 / 19 AlpLinkBioEco is co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund through the Interreg Alpine Space programme 1. Introduction to Bavaria’s bioeconomy related policy 1.1 The Bioeconomy Council Bavaria In the Free State of Bavaria four ministries share the competency in bioeconomy-related subjects: - Bavarian State Ministry for Nutrition, Agriculture and Forestry (StMELF) - Bavarian State Ministry of Economic Affairs, Energy and Technology (StMWi) - Bavarian State Ministry of Science and the Arts (StMWK) - Bavarian State Ministry of the Environment and Consumer Protection (StMUV) Inside the Ministries diverse units cover the different subjects of bioeconomy usually as part of other subjects (i.e. genetic engineering is legally executed by StMUV) or in a shared manner wherever environmental, social and economic subjects interfere (i.e. biotechnology industry is in shared responsibility of units in StMUV and StMWi). Since more than 20 years an interministerial working group (IMAG “renewable new materials and bioeconomy”) assures the sound communication and collaboration of the three houses, first starting with renewable new materials and recently also in the field of bioeconomy.1 The unit “E6” under direction of Dr. Werner Ortinger presides this working group and represents the government of Bavaria in several federal German working groups and expert councils.2 The StMELF officially convened the “Bioeconomy Council Bavaria” (German: Sachverständigenrat Bioökonomie Bayern) in 2015 and prolonged its work for a second three year period after consultation with other Ministries concerned. As an independent advisory body, it draws up recommendations and provides impulses for the development of a Bavarian bioeconomy strategy3, see below (3. Strategy implementation). The definition of bioeconomy was elaborated and published by this Council is certainly the basis for the Bavarian state definition to be published. The Council defines bioeconomy as follows: 1.2 Bavarian definition of “bioeconomy” is the transformation from fuel-based to a bio- based economy “Bioeconomy is an economic system that provides and uses renewable resources such as plants, animals and microorganisms. It reduces waste and respects the natural material cycles. Bioeconomy develops and interconnects research activities in the fields of ecology, (bio)technology and socio-economics as well as the applying industries. Changing societal values in favor of sustainable production, trade and consumption are a essential part of the bioeconomy."4 1 Interview #1, Dr. Lettenbauer and Dr. Zeitler 2018-05-09 2 Some examples on Dr. Ortinger’s responsibilities: representative of the state of Bavaria in the “Fachagentur für Nachwachsende Rohstoffe” (FNR, English: Federal German Agency for sustainable raw materials); representative of the state of Bavaria in the Bund-Länder-Arbeitsgruppe „Nachwachsende Rohstoffe/Bioökonomie“ (English: Federal-state working group on “sustainable raw materials/bioeconomy”), Contact person of the State of Bavaria for the German State Council of Bioeconomy, Bavaria’s representative in the Expert Council on Bioenergy of the German Federal Agency on Agriculture 3 http://www.biooekonomierat-bayern.de/index.php/sachverstaendigenrat, 2018-09-13 4 http://www.biooekonomierat- bayern.de/dateien/Publikationen/SVB_2017_Grunds%C3%A4tze_der_Bio%C3%B6konomie_in_Bayern.pdf Pag. 3 / 19 AlpLinkBioEco is co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund through the Interreg Alpine Space programme Looking at the big picture, bioeconomy as a part of green economy use biological resources in a sustainable way.5 1.3 Bavaria’s bioeconomy in numbers The region of Bavaria is home to almost 13 million people on an area of more than 70,000 km2.6 It produces an annual GDP of more than 594 billion Euro (in 2017; growth rate of 4.3%) which is the highest in Germany.7 In 2017 Bavaria’s exports grew up to 192 billion Euro, its imports amount to 180 billion Euro. Goods linked to machinery, automotive and electricity have the main impact on both sides of Bavaria’s trading balance.8 In the two Alpine Space regions Upper Bavaria and Swabia the following bioeconomy-related industries are the most powerful ones: Annual revenue in billion Euro 2017 Industry Upper Bavaria Swabia Total both Chemical products (4th strongest in Upper Bavaria) 10.4 1.5 11.9 Food/feed (2nd strongest in Swabia) 6.9 8.3 15.2 Rubber & plastics 2.4 3.0 5.4 Table 1. Potentially bio-related industries in Upper Bavaria and Swabia9 In 2017 the Bavarian ministries started to collect data specifically regarding the bio-based industries in Bavaria. However, at the time this report was drafted, no economic figures on bioeconomy were published. The first results can be expected presumably in 2019.10 The following numbers give a first impression of the size of Bavaria’s bioeconomy, with focus on the production of biomass. The following data are not exhaustive and can only help to get an idea of Bavaria’s bioeconomic potential: Wood/Forestry11 5 http://www.biooekonomierat-bayern.de/index.php/biooekonomie 2018-09-13 6 https://www.statistik.bayern.de/statistik/gebietbevoelkerung/, 2018-09-14 7 https://www.statistik.bayern.de/statistik, 2018-09-13 8 https://www.statistik.bayern.de/presse/archiv/2018/31_2018.php, 2018-09-16 9 Staatsministerium für Wirtschaft, Industriebericht Bayern, Munich, July 2018, pages 59 and 71 10 Interview #1, Dr. Lettenbauer und Dr. Zeitler 2018-09-05 and Interview #3, Herr Nummert, 2018-09-11 11 Four sectors as named in the Application Form “AlpLinkBioEco”, page 25 Pag. 4 / 19 AlpLinkBioEco is co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund through the Interreg Alpine Space programme Bavaria’s area is covered by 25,271 km2 forest, 36%12 of its total surface area. Bavaria’a wood grows around 6.1 million cubic meters annually (harvested cubic meters without bark, June 2017- June 2018). Each year about 4,79 million (harvested) cubic meters are cut (harvested cubic meters without bark), while a surface of 1.682 hectar is replanted (2017-june 2018).13 In the midterm the volume oft he wood cut could grow up to 26 million harvested cubic meters without bark per year, in 20 years the volume would be levelled and stagnate at 16,5 million harvested cubic meters without bark per year.14 The percentage of actively cut wood in relation to the annual growth of timber was 95%, meaning that 5% less wood was cut than grown.15 Wood related industries in Bavaria are: forest services (forest companies, log trading), wood and paper industry (sawmills, wood products industry, paper production and processing, wooden furniture). Timber construction however is the most important driver for Bavaria’s forest industry.16 Most promising wooden products are no longer chipboards, but insulation applications and wood composites.17 Agriculture Bavaria is one of the most important agricultural regions in Europe, as there are more than 106,000 farms and diverse production facilities. Together with the upstream and downstream sector, the agriculture and food industry generate around € 121 billion in sales and employs around 900,000 people. The forestry and wood sector have an annual turnover of around 37 billion euros, generated by around 196,000 employees; and thus, has great economic importance in the region: With around 158 billion euros turnover, agriculture and forestry continue to generate more than 14% of all sales in Bavaria. Every seventh job in Bavaria is related to agriculture and forestry.18 Land Use 3,125,336 hectares of Bavaria’s land are used for agriculture. 2,048,124 hectares are farm land, more than one third of the agricultural area is permanent grassland (1,063,313 ha).19 In both Alpine space regions (upper Bavaria and Swabia) the share of grassland almost reaches half of the total farmland. The agricultural production has a strong focus on cereals (wheat and barley) and corn, especially in the Alpine region Swabia where it makes up almost one third of the agricultural area (rest of 12 https://www.bmel.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/EN/Publications/GermanForests.pdf?__blob=publicationFile, 2018-09-15 13 https://www.baysf.de/de/ueber-uns/zahlen-fakten.html; 2018-10-31 14 http://www.lwf.bayern.de/mam/cms04/service/dateien/energieholzmarkt_bayern_2016_bf.pdf 2018-11-05 15 Clusterstudie Forst, Holz und Papier in Bayern 2015, Kurzfassung, February 2016,, page 16 16 Knauf, Hunkemöller, Friedrich, Mai, Borchert, Bauer; Clusterstudie Forst, Holz und Papier in Bayern 2015. Kurzbericht, Freising, February 2016; page 37 17 Knauf, Hunkemöller, Friedrich, Mai, Borchert, Bauer; Clusterstudie Forst, Holz und Papier in Bayern 2015. Kurzbericht, Freising, February 2016, page 27 18 http://www.stmelf.bayern.de/mam/cms01/agrarpolitik/dateien/agrarbericht2018.pdf, 2018-09-13 19 https://www.statistik.bayern.de/presse/archiv/92_2017.php, 2018-09-13 Pag.
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