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PT-No20-J. Reinke from Vol40 No1 2004 while he struggled in his studies of mathemaScs. Phycological Trailblazer It was lectures given by Franz Eilhard Schultze No. 20 that inspired Reinke to later undertake research dealing with the nature of protoplasm. He also Johannes Reinke took Sme out to travel a great deal in northern Germany, including a botanical foray to Bonn, and he became acquainted with a wide circle of (originally printed in the Phycological newsle4er. 2004. intellectuals. Besides his botanical pursuits, he Vol. 40 No. 1) also studied zoology and geology. During the war with France, Reinke enlisted in the infantry. Acer Johannnes Reinke was born on Feb. 3rd compleSng his degree in Rostock followed by his 1849, in Ziethen, Ratzeburg, northern Germany. ‘HabilitaSon’, i. e., ‘post-doctoral lecture He was the oldest of the nine children born to qualificaSon’, in Göngen, he became a Theodor Reinke, a pastor, and his wife Elisabeth professor of botany in Göngen at the age of (Kaempffer) Reinke. On both sides of his family 24. Aer compleng his there had been many pastors studies, Reinke suffered some in Mecklenburg going back to neurological problems the ReformaSon (Benecke, (Benecke, 1932). But he was 1932). Reinke was always sSll able to publish a textbook proud of his mixed German- on general botany in 1880, Slavic heritage. When he was ‘Lehrbuch allgemeinen only 8 years old, he began his Botanik’. It was in Göngen botanical instrucSon under that Reinke established the his father’s tutelage. Early on InsStute of Plant Physiology he had a fascinaSon with that bears his name today. plant geography. He went on Reinke was a broadly to take instrucSon from Prof. trained and broadly interested Johannes Roeper, a noted botanist, working not only botanist of the Sme. But with benthic marine algae but during his youth he also had a also with water molds, the keen interest in poliScs and anatomy of the flowering philosophy, areas that he plant Gunnera, the orchid would pursue and publish on genera Corallorhiza and later in his life. Epipogon, and the Reinke’s first myxomycete Aethalium. The publicaSon was a sketchbook results of his research on of the vegetaSon of Aethalium led him to a Ratzeburg in 1869. With different interpretaSon than Johannes Reinke (from Benecke, 1932). Griesbach, in 1873 Reinke what had been previously published a German believed. He was never afraid translaSon of Oersted’s to let his research guide him Danish text on fungi, lichens, and algae. He into thinking along new lines of thought. He was moved to Rostock in 1876 with the full intenSon very much occupied with understanding the of taking courses in theology, a direcSon that his nature of the composiSon and behavior of father encouraged, and studying botany in his protoplasm in plants and fungi. He had some free Sme. But he very much disliked the early papers (1873, 1879) on the apogeotropic theology courses and started sing in on biology roots of cycads and their endophySc Anabaena. courses. He also took courses in philosophy, He had numerous papers on light, especially in !1 Fig. 1. Blasophysa rhizopus Reinke. Pl. 23 in Reinke (1889a). Fig. 2. Spermatochnus paradoxus (Roth) Kütz. Pl. 35 in Reinke (1892). the mid-1880s. He conducted experiments with living leaves, observing the breakdown of Nägeli, Ferdinand Cohn, and Rudolf Virchow. It chlorophyll under certain light condiSons. He was here that Reinke heard of the work being experimented on culturing Volvox with the done on anthrax by Robert Koch, and Reinke nitrogen-fixing bacterium Azotobacter (1903b). immediately recognized the significance of that He also published on marine phytoplankton research and its value for the Department of (1898a, b). Public Health. Reinke was first exposed to benthic Reinke also was one of the co-founders of marine algae when in 1874 he took a trip with the Deutsche Botanische Gesellschac. two of his colleagues from Bonn to visit the In his 1878 study of members of the Zoological StaSon in Naples. The seaweeds brown algal family Cutleriaceae occurring in the covering the rocks at Santa Lucia completely Gulf of Naples, Reinke arSculated the strong capSvated him, and he decided to spend a possibility that the small, adherent Aglaozonia winter working at the StaSon (Mollenhauer & was a stage in the life history of Cutleria. Lüning, 1988). He was the first botanist to be a Papenfuss (1955) credited Reinke with his resident scienSst there, and he returned as a discovery of conjugaSon by the gametes of the guest researcher during the winter of 1875-1876 brown alga Zanardinia. Feldmann (1949) to study members of the brown algal families credited Reinke (1888b) as being the first to Dictyotaceae and Cutleriaceae. He studied noSce the occurrence of a single plasSd within pa4erns of apical growth in both Dictyotaceae the cells of Scytosiphonaceae (Scytosiphon and Fucaceae (1878a). lomentaria and Petalonia fascia), and Reinke In 1877 Reinke parScipated in a scienSfic stressed the systemaSc value of this character, meeSng in Münich, meeSng such people as Carl !2 later used by Feldmann (1949) in establishing the Sme to Luise Racine. By the Sme of his 80th order Scytosiphonales. birthday in 1929, he had been bestowed with From the period 1888 through 1892, numerous honors. Acer a long life rich with Reinke had several publicaSons dealing with the many accomplishments and much success, he marine algae of the North Sea and the BalSc Sea, died in 1931 at the age of 82 in Preetz, Holstein. especially Kiel Bay. From the BalSc Sea he Benecke (1932) wrote a detailed account of (1888c) described several new genera: Reinke’s life and gave a complete list of his Kjellmania, Epicladia, Pringsheimia nom. illeg. [= publicaons. Pringsheimiella von Höhnel], and the disSncSve green algal genus Blastophysa (Fig. 1). He was Benecke, W. 1932. Johannes Reinke. Berichte Deutschen especially interested in the brown algae, not just Botanischen Gesellschac 50: (171)-(202), 1 pl. their systemaScs and develomental cycles but Feldmann, J. 1949. L’ordre des Scytosiphonales. Mém. Hist. their cytology and physiology. He studied the Nat. Afr. Nord, hors-sér., 2: 103-115. anatomy of kelps and Sargassum (1875a, b, Griesbach, A., & J. Reinke. 1873. A. S. Oersted’s System 1903a). He published on the Tilopteridaceae der Pilze, Lichenen und Algen. Aus dem (1889c) and the Sphacelariaceae (1890, 1891a). Dänischen. Deutsche, vermehrte ausgabe. W. Engelmann, Leipzig. viii + 194 pp. A major work by Reinke was his ‘Atlas deutscher Mollenhauer, D., & K. Lüning. 1988. Helgoland und die Meeresalgen’ (1889a, 1892)(Fig. 2). The ficy Erforschung der marinen Benthosalgen. plates were executed by Paul Kuckuck and Franz Helgoländer Meeresunters. 42: 385-425. Schü4. Reinke also carried out research on the Papenfuss, G. F. 1955. ClassificaSon of the algae. Pp. 115- island of Helgoland (Mollenhauer & Lüning, 224. In: A Century of Progress in the Natural 1988). Sciences 1853-1953. California Academy of Reinke’s abiding interest in philosophy Sciences, San Francisco. caused him, around the age of 50, to start Reinke, J. 1873. Morphologische Abhandlungen. W. wriSng a series of treaSses and books on the Engelmann, Leipzig, Pp. 1-122, 7 pls. subject of ‘natural philosophy’. These _____. 1875a. Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Tange. contribuSons led him to becoming the ‘father’ of Pringsheim’s Jahrb. Botanik 10: 317-382, pls. 25- a new branch of science called ‘theoreScal 27. biology’. All branches of sciences can be divided _____. 1875b. Über Fucus vesiculosus. Nachrichten v. d. Köngl. Gesellsch. Wiss. Univ. Gongen 9: into two branches, or disciplines, namely, the 230-241. empirical and the theoreScal. The former _____. 1876. Über das Wachstum und die Fortpflanzung includes carrying out experiments, the gathering von Zanardinia collaris Crouan. Monatsber. K. of facts, making observaSons, and wriSng Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1876: 565-578, 1 pl. descripSons, whereas the la4er deals with Fucaceen. I & II. Bot. Zeit. (Berlin) 35: 441-446; concepts, principles, models, and 457-463. generalizaSons. It was Reinke (1901) who _____. 1878a. Entwicklungsgeschichtliche Untersuchungen introduced the term ‘theoreScal biology” with a über die Dictyotaceen des Golfes von Neapel. major book at the start of the 20th century. He Nova Acta K. Leop.-Carol. Deutsch. Akad. also published on the relaSonship of philosophy Naturforsch. 40: 1-56, 7 pls. and religion to science (1905, 1907). He wrote _____. 1878b. Entwicklungsgeschichtliche about the history of the Kiel Botanical Garden, Untersuchungen über die Cutleriaceen des Golfes with its origins in the early 17th century (Reinke, von Neapel. Nova Acta K. Leop.-Carol. Deutsch. Akad. Naturforsch. 40: 59-96, pls. 8-11. 1912). _____. 1878c. Über die Entwicklung von PhylliPs, In 1885 Reinke lec the University of Scytosiphon und Asperococcus. Pringsheim’s Göngen for the University of Kiel, where he Jahrb. für wiss. Botanik 11: 262-273, pl. 11. was professor of botany unSl his reSrement in _____. 1878d. Über die Geschlechtspflanzen von Bangia 1921. In his personal life, acer his first wife of 25 fusco-purpurea. Pringsheim’s Jahrb. für Wiss. years died, he married for a second Sme, this Botanik 11: 274-282, pls 12 & 13. !3 _____. 1878e. Über Monostroma bullosum Thur. und _____. 1903a. Studien zur vergleichenden Tetraspora lubrica Kuetz. Pringsheim’s Jahrb. für Entwicklungsgeschichte der Laminariaceen. Wiss. Bot. 11: 531-547, pl. 28. Lipsius & Tischer, Kiel. 67 pp. _____. 1879. Zwei parasiSsche Algen. Bot. Zeit. (Berlin) 37: _____. 1903b. Symbiose von Volvox und Azotobacter. Ber. 473-478, pl. VI. Deutsch. Bot. gesellsch. 21: 481-483. _____. 1888a. Die braunen Algen (Fucaceen und _____. 1905. Philosophie der Botanik. Natur- und Phaeosporeen) der Kieler Bucht. Ber. Deutsch. Kulturphilos. Bibliothek. Barth, Leipzig. 201 pp. Bot. Gesellsch. 6: 14-20. _____. 1907. Naturwissenschacen und Religion. Nature _____. 1888b. Über die Gestalt der Chromatophoren bei und Kultur, München.
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