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Think Globally, Act Locally Environmental History As Global History in the First Global Age
Asian Review of World Histories 3:1 (January 2015), 59-80 © 2015 The Asian Association of World Historians doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.12773/arwh.2015.3.1.059 Think Globally, Act Locally Environmental History as Global History in the First Global Age Amélia POLÓNIA Universidade do Porto Porto, Portugal [email protected] Abstract The paper is oriented towards a reflection on the epistemological extension of world history. This discipline is currently opening up for new subjects and new foci of interest, with environmental his- tory being one of them. The paper debates the interaction between the global and the local as one of the main issues of world history. It analyses the impacts of the interconnectivity of diverse regions as well as different geographical and cultural complexes, during the period between 1500 and 1800. Assuming that the sea in its economic, cultural and envi- ronmental dimensions contributed actively to world history, and is, in itself, a major factor of globalization, the paper intends to highlight interdependencies which fostered connections between the local and the global. It further submits to discussion which was the impact of an on-going globalization process, based on maritime dynamics, on the environment. Through an analysis centered on the impact of European overseas expansion, some en- vironmental impacts will be analyzed. The paper aims at questioning environmental history as an emergent theme of world history, based on the historical experi- 60 | ASIAN REVIEW OF WORLD HISTORIES 3:1 (JANUARY 2015) ence of connecting worlds developed in the First Global Age (1500- 1800). Key words environmental history, colonial history, trans-imperial history, world history, global history, connected history I. -
Conquest Re-Enacted: Thoughts About Race and Police Violence in Brazil
Conquest re-enacted: Thoughts about race and police violence in Brazil Rita had warned her son; he told me so. He and I stood on opposite sides of the barbed- wire fence that separated Rita’s banana tree and backyard cistern from the hardpacked dirt of the village plaza. It was 2012 in Brazil, and Jonatas, the son, was seventeen years old. He recalled his mother’s words for me. Be careful in the city, Rita had admonished. Because you are Black, you will have trouble from the criminals and from the police who think you’re a criminal. A few days after that conversation, Jonatas moved to the metropolis. Rita’s view seemed to be uncommon in the village. When I recounted her fears to two middle-aged women a few feet down the road, they chuckled dismissively. Jonatas was well- known to be one the most honest, law-abiding, helpful young men in the countryside for miles around. Racism? “Rita’s the one who put that stuff in his head,” one of them explained. But Rita was right. Soon afterward I traveled to the city myself and found Jonatas on a busy corner. He wore plastic sunglasses and smiled broadly. He had hidden most of himself behind a giant pushcart of fresh-green umbú fruit, which he and his father were selling to passerby, but he was not too busy to stop for a long and hopeful conversation. He liked the city, he said, and he wanted to stay. He would send money back to his mother in the village. -
Brazilian Images of the United States, 1861-1898: a Working Version of Modernity?
Brazilian images of the United States, 1861-1898: A working version of modernity? Natalia Bas University College London PhD thesis I, Natalia Bas, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. Abstract For most of the nineteenth-century, the Brazilian liberal elites found in the ‘modernity’ of the European Enlightenment all that they considered best at the time. Britain and France, in particular, provided them with the paradigms of a modern civilisation. This thesis, however, challenges and complements this view by demonstrating that as early as the 1860s the United States began to emerge as a new model of civilisation in the Brazilian debate about modernisation. The general picture portrayed by the historiography of nineteenth-century Brazil is still today inclined to overlook the meaningful place that U.S. society had from as early as the 1860s in the Brazilian imagination regarding the concept of a modern society. This thesis shows how the images of the United States were a pivotal source of political and cultural inspiration for the political and intellectual elites of the second half of the nineteenth century concerned with the modernisation of Brazil. Drawing primarily on parliamentary debates, newspaper articles, diplomatic correspondence, books, student journals and textual and pictorial advertisements in newspapers, this dissertation analyses four different dimensions of the Brazilian representations of the United States. They are: the abolition of slavery, political and civil freedoms, democratic access to scientific and applied education, and democratic access to goods of consumption. -
Through the Looking Glass: Finding and Freeing Modern-Day Slaves at the State Level
Scholars Crossing Faculty Publications and Presentations Helms School of Government July 2010 THROUGH THE LOOKING GLASS: FINDING AND FREEING MODERN-DAY SLAVES AT THE STATE LEVEL Michelle L. Rickert Liberty University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/gov_fac_pubs Part of the American Politics Commons, Criminal Law Commons, Criminology Commons, Human Rights Law Commons, Inequality and Stratification Commons, International Law Commons, International Relations Commons, Other International and Area Studies Commons, Other Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration Commons, Other Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons, Politics and Social Change Commons, Public Administration Commons, Public Policy Commons, Sexuality and the Law Commons, Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons, Social Control, Law, Crime, and Deviance Commons, and the Social Policy Commons Recommended Citation Rickert, Michelle L., "THROUGH THE LOOKING GLASS: FINDING AND FREEING MODERN-DAY SLAVES AT THE STATE LEVEL" (2010). Faculty Publications and Presentations. 319. https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/gov_fac_pubs/319 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Helms School of Government at Scholars Crossing. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications and Presentations by an authorized administrator of Scholars Crossing. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ARTICLE THROUGH THE LOOKING GLASS: FINDING AND FREEING MODERN-DAY SLAVES AT THE STATE LEVEL Michelle Crawford Rickert † I. INTRODUCTION In Haiti, slavery is a way of life for many children. Some young boys are forced to sell unprotected sex for as little as $1.75, and because having sex with a virgin is thought to cure AIDS, the cost of sex with a “pure” child can be as much as $5.00. -
Implications of the BBC World Service Cuts
House of Commons Foreign Affairs Committee Implications of the BBC World Service Cuts Written evidence Only those submissions written specifically for the Committee and accepted by the Committee as evidence for the inquiry into the Implications of the BBC World Service Cuts are included. 1 List of written evidence 1 Gilberto Ferraz Page 4 2 Corinne Podger 6 3 Rosie Kaynak 7 4 Keith Perron 8 5 Jonathan Stoneman 11 6 Keith Somerville 13 7 Sir John Tusa 19 8 John Rowlett 23 9 Jacqueline Stainburn 24 10 Richard Hamilton 25 11 Elzbieta Rembowska 26 12 Ian Mitchell 27 13 Marc Starr 28 14 Andrew Bolton 29 15 Patrick Xavier 30 16 Ailsa Auchnie 31 17 Catherine Westcott 32 18 Caroline Driscoll 35 19 BECTU 37 20 Rajesh Joshi, Rajesh Priyadarshi 40 and Marianne Landzettel 21 Clem Osei 44 22 Sam Miller 45 23 The Kenya National Kiswahili Association (CHAKITA) 47 24 Mike Fox 50 25 Kofi Annan 51 26 Geraldine Timlin 52 27 Nigel Margerison 53 28 Dennis Sewell 54 29 Voice of the Listener & Viewer 56 30 Kiyo Akasaka 60 31 Neville Harms 61 32 M Plaut 64 33 Graham Mytton 65 34 National Union of Journalists 67 35 National Union of Journalists Parliamentary Group 76 36 Trish Flanagan 78 37 Ben Hartshorn 80 38 Naleen Kumar 81 39 Jorge da Paz Rodrigues 83 40 BBC World Service 84 41 BBC World Service 89 2 42 Marc Glinert 100 43 Andrew Tyrie MP 101 44 BBC World Service 103 3 Written evidence from Gilberto Ferraz (Retired member of the World Service, in which served for 30 years) PROPOSED CLOSING DOWN OF THE BBC PORTUGUESE LANGUAGE SERVICE The announcement of the closure of the Portuguese Language Service to Africa is lamentable and wrong for the following reasons: 1. -
2018 UK Annual Report on Modern Slavery
20182015 UKReport Annual of the Report onInter-Departmental Modern Slavery Ministerial Group on Modern Slavery October 20182015 2018 UK Annual Report on Modern Slavery October 2018 Contents Home Secretary Foreword 2 Executive Summary 4 Chapter 1: Assessment of modern slavery in the UK 8 Chapter 2: The UK’s Existing Response 18 PURSUE 18 PREVENT 30 PROTECT 34 PREPARE 38 INTERNATIONAL 45 Chapter 3: The UK’s Future Response 52 Annex A: Modern slavery research priorities 55 Annex B: Further Resources 66 2 2018 UK Annual Report on Modern Slavery Home Secretary Foreword Last year sickening images of young men being defendants prosecuted under the Modern sold at slave markets in Libya shocked the world. Slavery Act 2015 in 2017, more than double These men’s lives were bought for a few hundred that of the previous year. pounds, making clear that the vile trade in humans • We are significantly increasing support has not been consigned to the history books. for identified victims, particularly children. Slavery remains a reality in the modern world. Independent Child Trafficking Advocates are This abhorrent crime takes place across the being rolled out across the UK to ensure globe and behind closed doors. It is happening vulnerable children have the support they here in the UK. need. • We are driving industry action. Thanks to Children, men and women are being exploited in our world leading legislation, thousands of our towns, communities and businesses every day. businesses have published modern slavery The victims are hidden from view, and many statements and companies have changed people may never know this cruel practice is taking practices that were driving demand for place on their streets and under their noses. -
Mt Mabu, Mozambique: Biodiversity and Conservation
Darwin Initiative Award 15/036: Monitoring and Managing Biodiversity Loss in South-East Africa's Montane Ecosystems MT MABU, MOZAMBIQUE: BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION November 2012 Jonathan Timberlake, Julian Bayliss, Françoise Dowsett-Lemaire, Colin Congdon, Bill Branch, Steve Collins, Michael Curran, Robert J. Dowsett, Lincoln Fishpool, Jorge Francisco, Tim Harris, Mirjam Kopp & Camila de Sousa ABRI african butterfly research in Forestry Research Institute of Malawi Biodiversity of Mt Mabu, Mozambique, page 2 Front cover: Main camp in lower forest area on Mt Mabu (JB). Frontispiece: View over Mabu forest to north (TT, top); Hermenegildo Matimele plant collecting (TT, middle L); view of Mt Mabu from abandoned tea estate (JT, middle R); butterflies (Lachnoptera ayresii) mating (JB, bottom L); Atheris mabuensis (JB, bottom R). Photo credits: JB – Julian Bayliss CS ‒ Camila de Sousa JT – Jonathan Timberlake TT – Tom Timberlake TH – Tim Harris Suggested citation: Timberlake, J.R., Bayliss, J., Dowsett-Lemaire, F., Congdon, C., Branch, W.R., Collins, S., Curran, M., Dowsett, R.J., Fishpool, L., Francisco, J., Harris, T., Kopp, M. & de Sousa, C. (2012). Mt Mabu, Mozambique: Biodiversity and Conservation. Report produced under the Darwin Initiative Award 15/036. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London. 94 pp. Biodiversity of Mt Mabu, Mozambique, page 3 LIST OF CONTENTS List of Contents .......................................................................................................................... 3 List of Tables ............................................................................................................................. -
Taking Better Account: Contemporary Slavery, Gendered Narratives, and the Feminization of Struggle
Samuel Martı´nez Taking Better Account: Contemporary Slavery, Gendered Narratives, and the Feminization of Struggle Women are taking leading roles in redefining social concepts and global policy issues in areas such as development, democracy, human rights, world security, and the environment. This means not just looking at what have been called ‘‘women’s issues’’—a ghetto, or separate sphere that remains on the margins of society—but rather moving women from the margins to the center by questioning the most fundamental concepts of our social order so that they take better account of women’s lives.1 Not just ‘‘victims’’ but perpetrators and responders, too, are characters whose stories and personal details convey the gendered character of human rights reporting. Accepting this fact and considering that male responders and perpetrators feature in human rights narratives more often than female, it also follows that male as well as female gender constructs are encoded in human rights narratives. These prin- ciples—that gender is a salient dimension of the construction of all three figures in Makau Mutua’s triumvirate of ‘‘saint, savage and victim,’’ and that preconceptions about masculinity as well as femininity give texture and emotional depth to human rights representations—are the starting point for my reading of the gender of human rights narratives.2 A feminist reading, following Charlotte Bunch’s words in the epigraph, means not just looking at ‘‘women’s issues’’ but questioning fundamental aspects of the social order. Are there aspects of the global social order that, when taken for granted within human rights discourse, work in tandem with assumed aspects of small-scale social orders to relegate women and derogated minorities to silence and passivity? I present evidence that such exclusionary effects are real but operate subtly—blanket critique of human rights is not what I seek and it is not my point to style human rights the handmaiden of a new imperialism. -
Modern Slavery Statement 2021
Modern Slavery Statement 2021 MODERN SLAVERY STATEMENT 2021 INTRODUCTION MODERN SLAVERY STATEMENT Hallenstein Glassons Group publicly commits to respecting human rights and is opposed to modern slavery and exploitation in all its forms. This commitment extends to identifying, assessing, and addressing risks within our operations and supply chain. Modern Slavery is the severe exploitation of other people Addressing modern slavery risks can be complex and for personal or commercial gain. For Hallenstein Glassons challenging, we support systematic change to deliver it encompasses the risks posed by forced labour; child better outcomes and will continue to strive to deliver on labour; prison labour, servitude; debt bondage and deceptive our commitment. Our statement has been prepared in recruitment. It also includes situations where a worker may accordance with the reporting requirements of Australia’s be deprived of personal freedom and cannot refuse or cease Modern Slavery Act 2018 and associated guidelines. work because of coercion, threats, or deception. This statement has been reviewed and approved by the Board of Directors of Hallenstein Glassons Holdings on On 25 May 2021 Stuart Duncan Group CEO Hallenstein Glassons Holdings NZBN: 9429040315324 Our headquarters are based in Newmarket, Auckland, New Zealand: Hallenstein Glasson Holdings Level 3, 235-237 Broadway Newmarket, Auckland 1023 MODERN SLAVERY STATEMENT 2021 OUR COMPANY Hallenstein Glasson Holdings OUR BRANDS Limited is a retailer of menswear and Glassons is a much-loved New Zealand brand founded in 1925. It womenswear, listed on the New Zealand is renowned for its fashion-forward styles, energetic stores, and Stock Exchange. affordable value. Committed to delivering fashion both ethically and sustainably. -
The History of Slavery Covers Slave Systems in Historical Perspective In
The history of slavery covers slave systems in historical perspective in which one human being is legally the property of another, can be bought or sold, is not allowed to escape and must work for the owner without any choice involved. As Drescher (2009) argues, "The most crucial and frequently utilized aspect of the condition is a communally recognized right by some individuals to possess, buy, sell, discipline, transport, liberate, or otherwise dispose of the bodies and behavior of other individuals."[1] An integral element is that children of a slave mother automatically become slaves.[2] It does not include historical forced labor by prisoners, labor camps, or other forms of unfree labor in which laborers are not considered property. Slavery can be traced back to the earliest records, such as the Code of Hammurabi (c. 1760 BC), which refers to it as an established institution.[3] Slavery is rare among hunter-gatherer populations as slavery depends on a system of social stratification. Slavery typically also requires a shortage of labor and a surplus of land to be viable.[4] David P. Forsythe wrote: "The fact remained that at the beginning of the nineteenth century an estimated three-quarters of all people alive were trapped in bondage against their will either in some form of slavery or serfdom."[5] Slavery is no longer legal anywhere in the world.[6] Mauritania abolished it in law in 1981[7] and was the last country to do so – see Abolition of slavery timeline. However, the number of slaves today is higher than at any point in history,[8] -
Gulag Vs. Laogai
GULAG VS. LAOGAI THE FUNCTION OF FORCED LABOUR CAMPS IN THE SOVIET UNION AND CHINA Sanne Deckwitz (3443639) MA International Relations in Historical Perspective Utrecht University Supervisor: Prof. dr. B.G.J. de Graaff Second Reader: Dr. L. van de Grift January 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Abbreviations and Acronyms.................................................................................................. ii Maps…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… iii Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 1 Chapter 1: Historical overview of the gulag…………………………………………………………... 6 1.1 Origins of the gulag, 1918-1929…………………………………………………………… 6 1.2 Stalin’s gulag, 1929-1953…………………………………………………………………….. 9 1.3 The gulag after Stalin, 1953-1992………………………………………………………… 14 Chapter 2: Historical overview of the laogai………………………………………………………….. 17 2.1 Origins of the laogai, 1927-1949…………………………………………………………... 18 2.2 The laogai during the Mao Era, 1949-1976…………………………………………… 20 2.3 The laogai after Mao, 1976-present……………………………………………………… 26 Chapter 3: The political function of the gulag and the laogai………………………………….. 29 3.1 Rule by the vanguard party of the proletariat……………………………………….. 29 3.2 Classicide: eliminating external enemies………………………………………………. 32 3.3 Fracticide: eliminating internal enemies………………………………………………. 34 3.4 China’s capitalist communism……………………………………………………………… 37 Chapter 4: The economical function of the gulag and the laogai ...............………………….. 40 4.1 Fulfilling the economic goals of socialism……………………………………………... 41 4.2 -
ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES May 2005 ENDING ABUSIVE CHILD LABOR
ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES May 2005 ENDING ABUSIVE CHILD LABOR U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE / BUREAU OF INTERNATIONAL INFORMATION PROGRAMS The Bureau of International Information Programs of the U.S. Department of State publishes five electronic journals—Economic Perspectives, Global Issues, Issues ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES of Democracy, Foreign Policy Agenda, and Society & Values—that examine major issues facing the United States and the international community as well as U.S. Editor.........Jonathan Schaffer society, values, thought, and institutions. Each of the Managing Editor.................Kathryn McConnell Contributing Editors .........Berta Gomez five is catalogued by volume (the number of years in .................Kathleen Hug publication) and by number (the number of issues that ...........Martin Manning appear during the year). .................Bruce Odessey .................Andrzej Zwaniecki One new journal is published monthly in English and Illustrations Editor.................Barry Fitzgerald is followed two to four weeks later by versions in French, Cover Design.................Thaddeus Miksinski Portuguese, Spanish, and Russian. Selected editions also appear in Arabic and Chinese. Publisher..................Judith S. Siegel Executive Editor......................Guy E. Olson The opinions expressed in the journals do not Production Manager.................Christian Larson necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Assistant Production Managers.........................Sylvia Scott government. The U.S. Department of State