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5Da245609b05f7763cef653d06d Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 7 No. 1 April 2020: 15-24 INDONESIAN JOURNAL ON GEOSCIENCE Geological Agency Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Journal homepage: hp://ijog.geologi.esdm.go.id ISSN 2355-9314, e-ISSN 2355-9306 Nannofossil Distribution and Age of Kendeng Zone In Kalibeng River Section of Kedungringin, Plandaan Area, Jombang, East Java 1 1 2 1 Siti Umiyatun Choiriah , Carolus Prasetyadi , Rubiyanto Kapid , and Dwi Fitri Yudiantoro 1Geological Engineering, Faculty of Mineral Technology UPN “Veteran” Yogyakarta, Indonesia 2 Jln. SWK 104, Condongcatur, Kabupaten Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Geological Engineering, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB) Jln. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung, Indonesia Corresponding author: [email protected]; [email protected] Manuscript received: October, 20, 2016; revised: December, 19, 2016; approved: September, 05, 2019; available online: January, 21, 2020 Abstract - This study was carried out at Kalibeng River Section, in Kedungringin area, a site with lithology suitable for a nannoplankton research. Methods used in this research include performing a stratigraphical measurement section at the field, collecting thirty-two samples, and preparing the samples with the smear slide method using a polarizing microscope with 1000x magnification, and preparing several rock samples using SEM analysis. The analysis of nannofossil resulted in twelve genera and forty-three species. The identified genera are: Calcidiscus, Coccolithus, Ceratolithus, Discoaster, Gephyrocapsa, Helicosphaera, Pseudoemiliania, Reticulofenestra, Rhabdosphaera, Sphe- nolithus, Syracosphaera, and Umbilicosphaera. The presence of these genera indicates that Kalibeng River Section have abundant nannofossils and based on the nannofossil analysis, from older to younger, the studied stratigraphic sequence indicates a more detailed age determination as follows: the Marl Unit of Kalibeng is NN10-NN18 (Middle Miocene to Pliocene), Calcareous Sandstone Unit of Sonde is NN19-NN20 (Pliocene-Pleistocene), and Calcareous Claystone Unit of Sonde is NN20-NN21 (Pleistocene). Keywords: calcareous fine clastics, nannoplankton, Miocene to Pleistocene, Kendeng © IJOG - 2020. All right reserved How to cite this article: Choiriah, S.U., Prasetyadi, C., Kapid, R., and Yudiantoro, D.F., 2020. Nannofossil Distribution and Age of Kendeng Zone In Kalibeng River Section of Kedungringin, Plandaan Area, Jombang, East Java Data. Indonesian Journal on Geoscience, 7 (1), p.15-24. DOI: 10.17014/ijog.7.1.15-24 Introduction reconstruction of paleobiogeographic (Van Gor- sel et al., 2014). Background The stratigraphic analysis shows that the Research of fossil is one of the most impor- Kendeng Zone is a young fold-thrust belt, which tant tools for the studyIJOG of sedimentary rocks was only active within the Pliocene. In this zone, and basins. First, the succession of evolution- deep marine volcaniclastic sediments of Early ary appearances and extinctions provides age Pliocene and older ages have been uplifted and control, which is critical for understanding basin thrusted northwards since mid-Pliocene time evolution and validation of geological concepts. (Lunt, 2013, in Berghuis et al., 2019). Second, fossils are useful for interpretation of The Kendeng Zone is the southern part of East local paleoenvironment, paleoclimate, and also Java basinal system. The sedimentary evolution Accredited by: RISTEKDIKTI (1st grade), valid August 2016 - April 2020 Indexed by: SCOPUS (Q3) 15 Indonesian Journal on Geoscience, Vol. 7 No. 1 April 2020: 15-24 of this basin indicates that the East Java basinal claystone, tuff, and sandstone {with Klitik Mem- system was formed as a continuation of extension ber (Tpk) consisting of limestone}; Pucangan around the Makassar Strait to the east, and not as Formation (Qtp), composed of tuffaceous breccia, a back-arc basin. This interpretation is based on conglomerate, and tuffaceous Sandstone; Kabuh tectonically pulsed east to west trend in crustal Formation (Qpk), consisting of coarse tuffaceous thinning, subsidence, and trans-gression (Lunt, sandstone with cross-bedding sedimentary struc- 2019) ture, claystone, and conglomerate; and Notopuro The studied area is occupied by a sedimenta- Formation (Qpn), comprising tuff, interbedded tion sequence consisting mostly of fine-grained with tuffaceous sandstone, volcanic breccia, and marine sedimentary rocks that contain abundant conglomerate (Figure 1). microfossils with the age from Miocene to Qua- Sedimentary rocks found in the studied area ternary. A nannoplankton research in the Kendeng contain a large amount of microfossils, including Zone has been done by Choiriah et al. (2001), but nannoplankton which is very valuable to support only limited to the Bengawan Solo River in the objective of this study. Nannofossil is a kind Ngawi. The results of previous study in Ngawi of algae which belongs to the Haptophyceae class section show that the nannofossil contained with a tiny size (0.5-10 µm). In the living state, within Kalibeng Formation consists of eighteen this organism has planktonic characteristics. genera and forty-nine species, while Klitik/ Sonde Formation has eight genuses and twelve species. The age of Kalibeng Formation is Late Materials And Methods Miocene to Late Pliocene (NN12-NN18), and Klitik (Sonde) Formation is of Early Pleistocene Field Data Sampling (NN19-NN20) This step consists of making a measurement The purpose of this study is to determine the section and detailed rock sampling to better distribution and the age of the youngest marine understand the changing and development of sediments in Kendeng Zone based on nannofossil nannoplankton, as well as determining the age found in the Kalibeng River Section, and to cor- of each rock layer (Figure 2). relate it to the similar result of the Ngawi Section. A large amount of nannofossils was collected from a small sample due to its tiny size. Rock Stratigraphic Setting samples that contain the fossils can be obtained The studied area, which is part of Kalibeng from outcrop, drill core, or cutting. River in the Kedungringin and surrounding area, Plandaan Subregency, Jombang, East Java, is Laboratory Analysis situated in the Kendeng Zone. This part of the Equipments needed for the analysis include river is classified as the type locality of Kalibeng rock sample, prepared slides, coverglass, grinder, Formation since it is located in the Kalibeng River. dryer/oven, weter, pipette, entellan liquid (func- According to Pringgoprawiro (1983), the order of tions as glue), and labels. the lithostratigraphic formations in the Kendeng Nannoplankton is very small to identy mac- Zone, from the oldest to the youngest is as follows: roscopically, that is why an optical (polarizing) Pelang Formation (Tomp), composed of marl and microscope with a high magnification (1000 X), claystone with intercalationIJOG of calcarenite; Kerek or even Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) is Formation (Tmk), comprising interbedded marl, needed. The nannofossil analysis was performed limestone, and sandstone; Kalibeng Formation using a polarizing microscope by making “smear (Tmpkk), consisting of marl with intercalations of slides” that could be prepared in a few minutes. sandstone {with Atasangin Member (Tmpa) made The nannofossil analysis was done using a up of breccia, sandstone, and claystone}; Sonde polarizing microscope with 1000x magnifica- Formation (Tpso), composed of marl, calcareous tion, in parallel and cross Nicol views. The 16 Nannofossil Distribution and Age of Kendeng Zone In Kalibeng River Section of Kedungringin, Plandaan Area, Jombang, East Java (S.U. Choiriah et al. ) AGE TION ADAM STRATIGRAPHY LITHOLOGY ZONA (1970) DESCRIPTION (1969) FM MEMBER BLOW HOLOCENE TRINIL Laharic breccia, tuff, tuffaceous sandstone; 0,5 N23 NOTOPURO (Qpn) fluviatile cross-bedded sandstone. PLEISTOCENE KABUH (Qpk) N22 PUCANGAN (Qtp) Volcanic conglomerate, sandstone, black claystone 2 Upper Marl, calcareous claystone, tuff, N21 sandstone with Balanus and mollusca SONDE (Tpso) KLITIK Corraline limestone, bedded Globigerina PLIOCENE N20 (Tpk) limestone Massive Globigerina marl with intercalations N19 ATAS ANGIN of graded sandstone, volcanic breccia, and tuff (Tmpa) (Tmpkk) N18 KALIBENG ( Hard calcarenite, bedded calcarenite, N17 tuff, calcirudite Late N16 Tuff and agglomerate Hard calcarenite 10 N15 Middle N14 Interbedded marl, claystone, and mudstone KEREK (Tmk) N13 N12 Middle N11 Tf N10 N9 MIOCENE 20 Lower N8 ) N7 p m Marl and claystone with calcarenite o T intercalation of calcarenite with larger N6 ( foraminifera Early G 20 N A N5 L E P N4 P22 (N3) Te P21 (N2) 25 P20 (N1) OLIGOCENE P9 Lower P14 Tcd Figure 1. Stratigraphy of Kendeng Zone (modified after Pringgoprawiro, 1983). photomicrographs of fossils were taken using a microscope in Petrographic Laboratory UPN microscopic camera (Moticam) connected to a “Veteran” Yogyakarta and Scanning Electron. laptop or computer. The names of genus and spe- Microscope of Sedimentology Laboratory, ITB. cies were referencedIJOG from previous researchers (Martini, 1971; Okada and Bukry, 1980; Perch- Nielsen, 1985; Aubry, 1985). The appearance of Result and Analysis nannofossil species in each rock sample is the main data of this study. Stratigraphically, the Kalibeng River Section The photomicrographs of nannofossils within in the studied area is composed of Marl Unit of the researched area were taken using a polarizing Kalibeng Formation, Calcareous Sandstone
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