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Page 1 December 2005 Journal of Japanese Botany Vol. 80 No. 6 359 December December 2005 Journal of Japanese Botany Vo l. 80 No. 6 359 J. J. Pl. Iwateken 2(2): 80 (1 937). J. Pl. Iwateken 2(1): 8 (1 934). Sasa Sasa kurilensis (Rup r.) M 北ino & Shibata va r. genuina Taraxacum iwabuchii H. Koidz. var. eIatum H. f. f. aIbostriata 乱1uroi ，王 nov. Koidz. ，var. nov. J. J. Pl. Iwateken 2(2): 128 (1 937) ， ut 'albo-striata'. J. Pl. Iwateken 2(1): 9 (1934). Sasamorpha mollis Nakai f. aIbostriata Muroi & Tarax αcum leiophyllum H. Koidz. v紅. tub if1 0rum H. Murakami ，f. nov. Koidz. ，v 訂. nov. J. J. Pl. Iwateken 2(2): 129 (1 937) ， ut 'albo-striata'. J. Pl. Iwateken 2(1): 12 (1 934). Sasamorpha tobaeana (Makino & Uchida) Uchida & Taraxacum longiappenndiculatum Nakai var. onodae Murai Murai va r. pubescens (Uchida) Muroi ， comb. nov. H. Koidz. ，var. nov. J. J. Pl. Iwateken 2(2): 129 (1937). J. Pl. Iwateken 2(2): 103 (1 937) ， Syn.: Syn.: Sasa tobaeana var. pubescens Uchida in Sci. ut ‘longeappendiculatum' . Res. Res. Morioka Imp. Co l. 12: 83 (1936). Taraxacum pseudosachalinense H. Koidz. ，sp. nov. Strobilanthes Strobilanthes japonicus Miq. f. variegatus Ihsiba ，f. J. Pl. Iwateken 2(1): 9 (1 934). nov. nov. J. J. Pl. Iwateken 2(2): 106 (1 937). Taraxacum spathulatum H. Koidz. ，sp. nov. J. J. Pl. Iwateken 2(1): 10 (1 934). Taraxacum cirsiifolium H. Koidz. ，sp. nov. J. J. Pl. Iwateken 2(1): 13 (1 934); 2(3): 151 (1 937). Taraxacum tenuifolium H. Koidz. ，sp. nov. J. J. Pl. Iwateken 2(2): 102 (1 937). Taraxacum hastatotrilobatum H. Koidz. ，sp. nov. J. J. Pl. Iwateken 2(1): 10 (1934). Taraxacum tobae H. Koidz. ，sp. nov. 1. 1. Pl. Iwateken 2(1): 13 (1 934) ，ut ‘'Tobai. Taraxacum hatsuroi H. Koidz. ，sp. nov. J. J. Pl. Iwateken 2(2): 103 (1 937). Taraxacum venustum H. Koidz. var. genuinum H. Koidz. Koidz. f. eIatum H. Koidz. ，f. nov. Taraxacum hondoense Nakai v紅. suberectum H. J. Pl. Iwateken 2(1): 7 (1 934). Koidz.. Koidz.. va r. nov. J. J. Pl. Iwateken 2(1): 6 (1 934). Taraxacum venustum H. Koidz. var. tr iI obatum H. Koidz. ，va r. nov. Taraxacum iwabuchii H. Koidz. ，sp. nov. J. Pl. Iwateken 2(1): 14 (1 934). a b Nobuyuki TANAKA and Jin MURATA : A Medicinal Use of Elaeocarpus lanceifolius Roxb. Seed in Myanmar ミヤンマーにおける Elaeocarpus lanceifolius Roxb. の種子の利用(田中伸幸 a，巴田仁b) In the course of inventory research on the bracelets (Murti 1993). This article reports flora flora of Myanm 訂， a unique utilization of on the usage of its seeds as a local medicine Elaeocarpus Elaeocarpus lanceifolius Roxb. was re- that has not been recorded from any other re- corded in Sagain Division ，northwest of the gions in Myanmar. This species is locally country. country. Thus far ，uses of fruits and nuts called “Thitpwe" in Myanmar language. have been reported in India. Fruits 紅 'e edible However ， this name is also applied to E. and the wood is suitable for making tea floribundus B l. and E. bracteatus Kurz. boxes ，charcoal and also for house building. (Kr ess et al. 2003). Nuts are used as rosaries ， necklace and Field surveys were conducted in the 360 植物研究雑誌第80 巻第6号 平成17 年 12 月 Fig. Fig. 1. A: Fruits of Elaeocarpus lanceifolius Roxb. loca lI y ca lI ed “ Thitpwe" in Alaungdaw Kathapa National National Park ， Sagain Division ，Maynm 訂. B: A local villager grinding an E. lanceifolius stone with water water to produce sap ， which is applied to the skin to cure boils and acne. Alaungdaw Kathapa National Park ， Sagain Elaeocarpus lanceifolius Roxb. ， F l. Ind. Division ， western Myanmar in Janu 訂 y 2004 ed. 2: 598 (1 832); Mas t. in Hoo k. f. ， F l. Bri t. and and Janu 紅 Y to February 2005. During inven- Ind. 1: 402 (1874); Kurz ， For. Fl. Bri t. tory tory studies of plants there ，we came across Burma 1: 167 (1 877); Phengklai in Thai Fo r. a local medicinal use of E. lanceifolius. Once Bul l. (Bo t.) 10: 28 (1 977); Phengklai in Fl. the the rainy season starts in June ，muddy roads Thai l. 2(4): 422 (1 981); Murti in Fl. India 3: make access to the Alungdaw Kathapa 543 (1 993). ational N ational Park impossible; even local people Elaeocarpus lacnosus Wall. ex Kurz ，Fo r. are are only able to access the Park during the Fl. Bri t. Burma 1: 168 (1 877); Gagnep. ， F l. dry dry season from November to May. During Gen. Indo-China 1: 579 (1 911); Rid l.， Fl. this this period ， small stalls selling E. lanceifolius Ma l. Pen. 1: 313 (1 922); Craib ， F l. Si 但 ll. stones stones open around the pagoda for visitors. Enum. 1: 196 (1925). Ten stones are sold in a packet costing 10 Local name (Myanmar): Thitpwe. Kyats Kyats (Myanmar local cu 町'ency; ca. 450 Voucher specimens: MY ANMA R: Sagaing Kyats Kyats = US$ 1). Division; along the trail to the Alaungdaw Kathapa Local Local villagers collect E. lanceifolius Pagoda ，Alaungdaw Kathapa National Park ，520 m al t.， 22 0 19'N ，94 0 28'E ，N . Tanaka 030055 (乱 1BK); along stones stones from the forest during the fruiting sea- the stream to the south of Alaungdaw Kathapa son son (Fig. 1A) ， and then dry them in sunligh t. National Park from the base camp ，30 0- 320 m al t.， After After complete desiccation ， stones are 22 0 19'50"N ，94 0 28'52"E ， January 23 ，2005 ，J. Murata ground ground with water on a grinding stone & al. 032118 (MBK ，TI). (Fig. (Fig. lB). The sap is applied to boils and Distribution: India ， Myanmar to Indo- acne ，especially on the face. China ， Thailand and Indonesia. In In light of these observations ， phyto- chemical chemical studies of the stones of E. We wish to thank 乱1r. Stephan Gale of the lanceifolius lanceifolius are recommended in an investi- Makino Botanical Garden for reviewing the gation gation of compounds potentially active English manuscrip t. This research is p訂 tly against against certain skin complaints. supported by a Grant -in- Aid from the J apanese Ministry of Education ，Culture ， December December 2005 Jouma1 of Japanese Botany Vo l. 80 No. 6 361 Sports Sports and Science and Technology to Pro f. ホルトノキ科の Elaeocarpus lanceifolius Roxb. Jin Jin Murata (1 3375003) and a Grant-in-Aid はインドから東南アジアに分布する中高木で，果 from Kochi Prefectural Govemmen t. 肉はときに食用に供される.今回， ミャンマー西 部のサガイン管区アランドカタパ国立公園で本種 の核果をニキピなど吹き出物治療の薬用として利 References References 用していることが判った.この利用に関する記録 Kr ess w. J. ，DeFilipps R.， Farr E. and Yin-Yin-Kyi. がないのでここに報告する.今後，本種の核果利 2003. 2003. A Checklist of the Trees ，Shrubs ，Herbs ， and 用の観点からの化学的研究が期待される. Climbers Climbers of Myanmar. Contributions from the (aKochi Prefectural Makino Botanical Garden ， United United States National Herbarium 45: 1-590. a高知県立牧野植物園 Murti Murti S. K. 1993. Elaeocarpaceae. Flora of India 3: bBotanical Gardens ，Graduate School of Science ， 536-538. 536-538. The University of Tokyo b東京大学大学院理学系研究科附属植物園) 絶滅危慎 lA 類チクリンカ(ショウガ科)の正体(船越英伸) Hidenobu FUNAKOSHI: The Identity of Critically Endangered Species Alpinia bilamellata bilamellata Makino (Zingiberaceae) from Chichijima Island ，Japan 小笠原諸島父島固有で，ショウガ科ハナミョ 黒くて丸い果実は，ハナミョウガ属のなかで ウガ属のチクリンカ A 伊inia bilamellata 極めて特徴的であり，花序が密綿毛に覆われ， Makino は，現在，絶滅危慎 1A 類に指定さ 小菅が漏斗状で宿存的であるのも変わってい れている(環境庁 2000) .チクリンカは る.やはり同様に黒い果実を持つ数少ない例 Makino (1902) によって記載されて以来， 外として，マレー半島からスマトラ・ボルネ 「ゲットウに類縁があるとも思われる j とか オにかけて分布する A. aquatica (Retz.) 「小笠原本来の自生種なのかどうかJ (豊田 Roscoe があるが，共通点は果実が黒いこと 1981) など，いろいろ疑問の多い種であった だけで，果実のサイズは半分くらいで，全草 が， 100 年以上に渡って検討されることがな 無毛であり，小査を欠く点でまったく異なる. かった.今回，日本のハナミョウガ属につい 中国植物誌 (Wu 1981) は中国にも A. て，東南アジア全域にわたる現地調査とアジ aquatica が分布するとしているが，そのなか アとヨーロッパの標本庫で、の世界のハナミョ で描かれた A. aquatica の図は Smith ( 1985) ウガ属全種の標本調査により再検討を行った により A. αquatic αではないと指摘された. ところ，チクリンカは小笠原固有種でなく， その後， Zhao et al. (2001) は形態的形質の 移入種と推定されることが分ったので報告す 再検討と核 DNA の ITS 領域の比較の結果， る. 中国植物誌で A. aquatica とした種は A. nigra 父島のチクリンカは戦前から個体数が少な であると認めている. く，戦後は生育地がはっきりしなかったが， 最近の分子系統解析(Kr ess et al. 2005) で 1973 年に人家に近い水田跡で発見された(豊 もチクリンカは A. nigra と100 %のブートス 田 1981) といわれている.近年まで父島北 トラップ確率・ベイズ確率で単系統となった 袋沢の水田跡地に大群落があったが，造成工 ことも，チクリンカと A. nigra が同一種であ 事により 2000 年にほぼ消滅している. ることを支持している.ただし， Kr ess et al. アジア・ヨーロッパの標本庫での標本調査 (2005) は，豊田(1981) の図を見るかぎり， の過程で，チクリンカは，中国雲南省南部か チクリンカは A. galanga (L.) Willd. に非常に らインド・スリランカにかけて，普通に分布 似ているように見えるとしている.また ハ する A. nigra (G 節目n.) B. L. Burtt と同一種で ナミョウガ属は 6 つのクレードに分かれて多 あることに気が付いた.直径 1.5 cm ほどの 系統になり，チクリンカは Galanga クレード.
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