Grand Review Times: a Call for the Descendants Of
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GRAND REVIEW TIMES h hUSCTh h A CALL FOR THE DESCENDANTS OF USCT TROOPS FROM CsAMP WILLIAM PENN 1863 TO THE s HARRISBURG GRAND REVIEW, 1865 “African American Patriots are calling! Answer their call with a call to 1-800-Visit-PA” www.VisitPA/GrandReview | http://housedivided.dickinson.edu/grandreview/ s A Supplement to ShowcaseNow! Magazine, March 22, 2010 h h LAYING THE GROUNDWORK FOR THE USCT: LINCOLN AND EMANCIPATION By Lenwood Sloan Layout of Camp William Penn In September 1862, Congress passed sively for African American soldiers and the chological chains of slavery for any USCT service however, USCT troops were not a law empowering states to develop largest of the eight USCT training sites in soldier taken prisoner. invited to participate in the Washington training programs for Black soldiers. The the nation. During the Civil War, over 10,000 Grand Review. law formed the foundation for the legal men, 11 regiments of U.S. colored troops Distinguished in battle Camp William Penn closed August 14, actions represented in the January 1, 1863 were trained there including the 3rd, 6th, 8th, USCT soldiers distinguished themselves 1865. Nevertheless, the Black community Emancipation Proclamation. 22nd, 24th, 25th, 32nd, 41st, 43rd, 45th at Petersburg and at Fort Wagner. The latter had organized in support of the USCT New Years Day in 1863, therefore, took and 127th. Recruits first arrived on June 26, battle is immortalized in the award-winning through the churches and other secular on a new meaning in many African American 1863 and many of these men were to fight in film, Glory, starring Denzel Washington. organizations as well as many women’s communities. However, the Emancipation Virginia, South Carolina and elsewhere. And fight they did. General Blunt, 1st groups. In the fall of 1865, African American Proclamation gave Lincoln only the legal basis The United States Colored Troops of Kansas, said on July 17, 1863: “I never saw women of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, mem- to free those enslaved in the areas of the the American Civil War, like their volunteer such fighting as was done by the negro bers of the national “William Garnett South that were still in rebellion. The Border predecessors in the War of 1812 and the regiment. The question that negroes will Society” engaged in another important States: Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Revolutionary War, fought in the best inter- fight is settled; besides they make better duty. They invited four leading African Missouri that remained in the Union -- were est of their people for the abolition of slav- soldiers in every respect than any troops I Americans, T. Morris Chester, Octavius able to retain their enslaved people and per- ery and recognition of their status as equal have ever had under my command.” Catto, Stephen Smith and William Howard petuate their resistance to the civil rights for to any other man. Throughout their service from 1863-65, Day to organize a USCT Grand Review liberty, equality and fraternity. twenty two African Americans won the and Ball in Harrisburg. The procession was The Emancipation Proclamation also The Call to Arms national Medal of Honor for distinguished staged from the Soldier’s Grove opposite allowed for the enrollment of those freed “Who would be free themselves must services. Eight Black surgeons served in today’s Capitol complex, to the Simon through the federal law into the United strike the blow,” Frederick Douglass rea- the union army. Fourteen Black chaplains States military system. The formerly enslaved soned early in 1863, and he added, “Better provided spiritual guidance and educa- Frederick Douglass made the statement that even to die free than to live slaves.” tional instruction to Black soldiers and still rings out loud and clear today: “Once On March 2, 1863, Douglass sent out despite the injustices, the USCT demon- let the Black man get upon his person the this powerful message in his newspaper, strated their determination and bravery in brass letters ‘U.S.,’ let him get an eagle on The Douglass Monthly. With the headline, numerous engagements in the final two his button and a musket on his shoulder and “Men of Color to Arms,” Douglass urged years of the war. bullets in his pockets and there is no power Black men to support the nation’s war and In addition, to the soldiers of the USCT, on earth which can deny that he has earned the crusade to end generations of slavery. literally thousands of others served as the right to citizenship in the United States.” Knowing that a Northern loss could contraband militias, black smiths, tanners, Then, on Mary 22, 1863, General Order mean possible re-enslavement, freemen, barbers, surgeons’ aids, cooks, horsemen, 143 of the War Department was passed freedmen and freedom seekers showed telegraphers, butchers, ditch diggers and and the USCT was established. Eight dedication to their country and a commit- grave diggers. Indeed, the contraband act national training centers including Camp ment to the freedom of their people. gave the North the additional manpower William Penn of Pennsylvania were devel- that was significant in winning the war. oped. The Commonwealth supported elev- Camp William Penn and Beyond The USCT produced many flags. en regiments and sent hundreds of sons, In June of 1863 General Jubal Early was Ten Percent brothers, fathers, husbands and loved ones pushing his dusty regiment toward York By the war’s end more than 180,000 to Massachusetts, New York, Connecticut and the Susquehanna River in an attempt men of color including freedom seekers, and Ohio. Northern recruits enlisted for to take the bridge at Wrightsville and suc- freedmen, and freemen mustered out Cameron House at Harrisburg’s Front cessfully push forward to Harrisburg. The after serving their nation’s call in uni- Street where Cameron, past secretary Governor turned back the regiment of form. They comprised 10 percent of the of war for Lincoln, and honored guests, USCT soldiers who had arrived from Camp Union’s forces. officially reviewed the USCT troops. The William Penn and instead deployed them Approximately 36,000 died in the ser- event drew USCT soldiers from over 25 to Columbia to dig trenches. We’ll leave vice and 68,000 more eventually suc- states and served as the only national it up to the military historians to decide cumbed to wounds resulting from service commemoration of the 19th century to whether they were mere ditch diggers or to their country. Many of their gravesites honor their service. Then, these brave men trench diggers providing and practicing are lost to us. fell into obscurity. military strategy. Either way, they dropped During the war, some 18,000 African It is that experience, the Grand Review of shovels and picked up muskets and fell Americans served in the U.S. navy, includ- The gate of Camp William Penn the U.S. Colored Troops, we shall reenact in line to defend the Rivertowns when the ing at least twelve women. They comprised in November, 2010. Won’t you join us in Wrightsville Bridge was set afire. In earlier 15 percent of the Navy and according to this historical event and the many other a variety of reasons. Two of the most days at this site railcars owned by William records 1,175 Pennsylvanians served in events and projects scheduled throughout significant were their allegiance to the Whipper and Steven Smith crossed the the Navy during the war years. Many who the year? Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Susquehanna River via the bridge with hid- died in battles were buried at sea. Call 1-800-VISIT-PA or visit www.VisitPA. legal construct of Substitution. den fugitive slaves. com/grandreview. Confederates made no bones about how The Grand Review of the USCT Camp William Penn they felt regarding armed Blacks in blue. In May of 1865, the Union’s armies were (I extend my thanks to Georg R. Sheets Camp William Penn, near Philadelphia, They pledged, in fact, a contract with death invited to a Grand Review of the Union for his editing work on this piece to make was Pennsylvania’s only training camp exclu- or at least a return to the physical and psy- Troops in Washington, D.C. Despite their it fit the space allotted: LS.) THIS PROGRAM IS ADMINISTERED BY THE CULTURAL AND HERITAGE TOURISM PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY & ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA 1-800-VISITPA | WWW.VISITPA/GRANDREVIEW On the Cover: The photograph on the cover is representative in many ways of USCT troops at camp but many mysteries surround it. We know it was used as a Union Recruitment Poster and that it was identified at least once as a group posing at Camp William Penn. But -- are those Confederate coats? Is the background seen here true to life? Has this photograph been manipulated sometime in the last 140-some years? If you know anything about this image we would appreciate details. Call 1-800-VISIT-PA with your comments. 2 A Supplement to ShowcaseNow! Magazine, March 22, 2010 h h Do you recognize any of the names below? Is your ancestor listed here? Is there a name of a member of your community, congregation, club, guild or classroom? If so, please call us at 1-800- VISIT-PA and tell us your connection. If you’re a descen- dant, be sure to ask about our “White Carnation League” that provides communication, engagement and civic dialogues 100 VOICES: among those sharint the USCT legacy! Philadelphia and its Countryside Rgmt NAME BURIAL SITE 3rd- Isaac Becket Philadelphia National, Philadelphia 3rd Moses Dunsmore Union Hill Cemetery, Kennett Sq. 6th Jeremiah W.