City Kitchen Food Hub Feasibility Study

CITY KITCHEN

How AFood HubCan Address theChallenge West Denver Food Access Issuesand Executive Summary Conclusion Community FeedbackAppendix: Appendix Acknowledgements Contents Appendix: FoodAppendix: HubCase Studies Commercial Equipment List Implementation Strategy Potential Market Retail Business Feasibility Study Study Area Partnerships Funding aFood Hub Competition orPartnerships Equipment Requirements Technical for IssuesandRisks Food Hubs Food Kitchen City HubDesign Concept SiteFood Selection HubOpportunity for a Opportunities West Denver Destination Food Hub Food HubCase Studies Summary What isaFood Hub?

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4 Dave Webster Julie Underdahl TaniwakiArleen Susan Pearce Sharon Nunnally Saunders Brittany Morris Anna Jones Kenneth Ho Shannon Gifford Andy Baldyga Brad Buchanan,Chair Denver Planning Board At-Large Kniech, Robin At-LargeDeborah Ortega, 11 District Herndon, Chris Jeanne Robb, Council President, 10 District Judy Montero, 9 District Albus Brooks, 8 District 7 Nevitt, District Chris Brown,6 Charlie District Peggy 4 Lehmann, District Paul 3 Lopez, District Jeanne Faatz, 2 District Susan Shepherd, 1 District 5 Susman,District Beth Mary Denver Council City Mayor Hancock Michael the Federal Government. contained inthispublication. opinions, Any findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed inthispublication are those of the Author(s) anddonotnecessarily theviews of reflect CCPO-0029-10. The substance andfindingsofthe work are dedicated to the public. The author and publisherare solely fortheaccuracyresponsible ofthestatements and interpretations The work thatprovided Cooperative thebasisforthispublication ofHousingand UrbanDevelopment by fundingunderanaward was Agreement supported withtheU.S.Department No. CITY KITCHEN Acknowledgements Steve Gordon, Piro,Rocky FAICP, Manager Denver Partnership Livability Community Planning &Development - omprehensive Planning Manager Andrew Coonan Denver FRESH ParrChris Rummel Melissa Denver Housing Authority Jaclyn Cheves ofPublic Health Department ofEnvironmentalDepartment Health JeffreyRomine, Executive Director ofOffice Economic Development Terry Ruiter Public Works Carolyne Janssen,Graphic Design Andrea Santoro, GISAnalyst Cornwell,Katherine Author Deirdre Oss, Project Manager Champine, PrincipalCaryn Planner City C Colorado State University FoodReal Colorado West Colfax BusinessImprovement District Federal BusinessImprovement District Federal Boulevard Partnership West Colfax Area Association Neighborhood Denver Latino Community Denver Vietnamese BigHeart Denver Bantu Community Somali/Somali Sun Valley ResidentsAssociation Denver Parish City Inner Outreach/Interviews Stakeholders/ Resources-DenverRadian Community With graphics assistance provided by Langston Mickki BusinessAlliance High Mile Denver SustainableFood Policy Council Ortegon Arthur Kendra Sandoval Denver SEEDS Create aHealthy Eating/Active Living City Kitchen (HEAL) modelforuseelsewhere in Be innovative andtransformative. Project Goals Move toward implementation. Denver andbyothercities. Complement other planning projects. humble means lacksufficient access to fresh food a “food desert” where residents hard working of Census inthe state tracts anditisconsidered to be The immediate area ranks amongthelowest income fresh food they lackapathway andlackaccess to outofpoverty dueto languageand culture;challenges andbarriers immigration, many newresidents face economic to Denver these groups create amosaicofsubcultures unique refugeesand Somali-Bantu joinedthismix who callthisarea home Italian, Vietnamese, Latino andJewishimmigrants cultures door to downtown Denver withimmigrant isrich Boulevard neartheDecatur-Federal station, next The of intersection West Colfax Avenue andFederal along Lakewood GulchsouthofColfax) stationsneighborhood (at Knox,andSheridan Perry and Federal andcentral to thisstudyarea, andthree campus), theDecatur-Federal Station (nearColfax Station (at theAuraria Education Center Higher will belocated inDenver, includingtheAuraria West Center, andJefferson Golden County neighborhoods, Lakewood, theDenver Federal downtown Denver,2013, serving West Denver Government Center openedinApril inGolden, in downtown Denver andtheJefferson County transit between theDenver corridor UnionStation Denver’s West Corridor, Rail a12-milelight rail more sustainableDenver Denver ispleasedto present step toward thisnext a promote throughout livability of the nation, theCity Partnership for Sustainable Communities initiative to oftheFederal Developmenting andUrban aspart Challenge grant ofHous- from theDepartment neighborhoods includes the West Colfax, Villa Park andSun Valley to theDecatur-Federal Station, which Light Rail cal foods inthe West Denver proximate community strategy to improve access to fresh, healthy, andlo This studyisa “Healthy Eating Active Living” (HEAL) Executive Summary . The of area isdefined rich history by a . . While Denver isagateway for city

. Funded through a2010Community . In more In recent years, Somali . . Five stations .

. Together - a disadvantage simplybecauseofalimited access However,households eachday at inthisarea start access to food nutritious to fuelandhealthebody eachdaySecurity, with healthandhappinessstart offered by lifeopportunity intheUnited States retailers 1 ourmostvulnerable ofresidents, security particularly robust localfood system andenhances thefood The contributes project to thedevelopment ofa transformative innovative Goal2:Be Project and for socialinteraction and opportunity access), jobcreation ownership) (and community to healthy food (includingfood banks, SNAP/EBT needs that afood hubmustsatisfy includingaccess aligns andpoints withtheseobjectives to specific practices throughcommunity innovative andsoundbusiness (economic, environmental inthe andsocial)impacts the current food system, achieve bottom triple line access for localandregional producers, addvalue to To besuccessful afood hubmust increase market through traditional and emerging channels plan concept that may beusedfor fundraising developing andresults Kitchen aCity inbusiness andchallengesof The vets project theopportunities implementation Goal1:MoveProject toward the West Corridor Rail possible development ofafood of hubinthe vicinity this feasibility studyandconcept planexplores the foodnutritious isunderway sustainable localfood systems andimprove access to A movement to imbalances, correct promote communities show that ourfood system isintrouble to fresh fruitsandvegetables escaped conflict nations seeking thefreedom and nations seeking escaped conflict See USDA Locator See Food Desert map: data-products/food-desert-locator/go-to-the-locator . 1 . Residentshere are resilient; many have Feedback from members community . . .

. To address theseissues, . http://www Studies ofsimilar . . ers . usda . . aspx . gov/ .

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development in Denver to lay afoundationthe country for food hub examples that are already inoperation across the wheel;rather, itwillbuildonsuccessful will develop abusinessplanthat doesnotreinvent cuesfrom thecasestudies, taking By thisproject andenergycommunity efficient design education/food access in anunderserved residential andtransit), neighborhoods nutrition proximateCITY to strategic areas (downtown, urban development/access to jobs, centralized siting developmentcommunity needssuchasworkforce programming andoperation that address critical or modelfor design, Kitchen construction, City The develops project areplicable framework cities use elsewhere inDenver by and other for Goal3:CreateProject aHEALmodel facility shared services thatbusiness structure engagesexisting players ina plan shouldanticipate acooperative, collaborative KITCHENhub concept than creating to anewentity implement thefood toward localfood system development rather organizations)community currently working resident advocates, private enterprises andother existing entities (includingnonprofits, trusted stakeholders communicated theneedto engage and socialimpact needed for implementation, effective operations canleverage resources partnerships andexpertise diversified financingstrategies andpublic-private illustrate how cooperative businessstructures, Francisco andDetroit Eastern FerryMarket, Market Weaver StreetSan Midtown GlobalMarket, Market, To satisfy thegoalsofthisproject,examples like strategies to implement afood hubproject of innovative businessmodelsandfinancing interaction business exchange, education nutrition andsocial or food hubthat isasource ofjobs, business-to- to create destinationpartnership acommunity populations . . The casestudiesilluminate avariety . The together brings adiverse project . To that endthefood hubbusiness . Repeatedly community . . In particular thecase particular In . .

business incubation andjobtraining andaccess to food education, hub(includingnutrition food that would beoffered inadestination development forcommunity andactivities thearray ofservices indicatesthe interviews that demandexists inthe creation andretention development strategies to ensure livable wage job and cogeneration), andcooperative economic reduce energy consumption (suchasdaylighting showcase thelatest green to building practices operational expansions ofexisting food hubswhich studies examined plannedimprovements to and The City Kitchen FoodThe Kitchen City HubFeasibility Study aspires distance ofthe walking West Corridor Rail assemblages inSun Valley orothersites within High Vista ofColfax inthevicinity andFederal, planningefforts, andpoint Mile city to sites like area Federal walk ofatransit station orwithinashort for afood hubwould beeitherinSun Valley, along members indicated that themostappropriate site the community diverse offerings visitorsto fromattract outsideof be visibleandofasufficient aggregate size with optionsandlow accessmobility to food), and thosewithlimited residentsimpact (particularly developed inanarea where itcanmostdirectly To betransformative thefood hubmustbe larger community ofvisitors/user groups avariety attract from the access to fresh fruitsandvegetables andmay by introducing that provides facility acommunity by fresh underserved foodneighborhoods retailers isolation ofpeoplelivinginpublichousingand goals to reduce thegeographic andsocial along the West Corridor line development goalsnearpublichousingfacilities complements economic andcommunity Denver and West Colfax Plans The complements project theadopted Blueprint projects planning Goal4:ComplementsProject other fresh, affordable food) . These locations align withthegoalsofprior . To that end, input from community . . . . Information gleanedfrom . The furthers project . The project . Two viewsofDenver’s SunValley neighborhood. the-locator.aspx 2 ways to usesfrom attract across and region theCity population whileoffering other revenue-generating foodeconomic terms, needsfor supporting thelocal hub would have to becatalytic inbothsocialand hub grew from anunderstandingthat afuture food recommendation for a terminal destination food ingrowingcommunity theirown food ofthe dedicated to engaging parts West Denver International,and nonprofitsRevision like a group government agencieslikeDenver Public Health already engagedinfoodexperts access including offield and Staff a interviewed contacted variety barriers transportation to poorphysical access to food dueto distance or requirements, food costs, andalmostalways related regarding food related needsoften to cultural dietary Denver residents inSun Area, particularly Valley and West groups withkeyresident stakeholdersintheStudy asixmonthOver period, Staff conducted focus Process activities and healthscreenings amongotherpotential education, nutrition businessincubationdistribution, for agriculture, urban food storage, processing and to create a Terminal Food Market/Destination Hub food hubs, andultimately explores what itwilltake This studyevaluatestypes of thedefinition and currently locatedaUSDA In defined Desert Food Corridor, population aneighborhood andto serve proximity to downtown, to theCity’s West Rail that could takeadvantage oftheneighborhood’s to guidethedevelopment ofafood hubconcept goalsandoutcomes,project themes emerged certain outreachcommunity through thelensofspecific the information gleanedfrom casestudiesand around improved access to healthy food centeredeconomic development opportunity and surrounds) to from acommunity afood desert of Denver’s west side(theSun Valley neighborhood to lay thefoundation for aplanto transform apart http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/food-desert-locator/go-to- . These residents provided information rich .

. Throughout theprocess, . The resulting . By filtering By 2 .

. food hubs basedoncasestudiesfrom around the of West Denver issues,typology of andidentifies a food andcities, includingademographic review over timeto implement inthecoming thefullproject vision isclearandto thedegree that landissecured implemented inphasesaslongtheterm ofadestination food hubcouldvaried services be hub initiation ofdifferent ofthe support aspects food site canbesecuredactual andfundingraised to information to amore detailedlevel whenan for implementation by groups whocantakethe The studyisstrategic innature, anddesigned side residents achieve agreater visionfor healthfood access to west on the West Sideand how afood hubmay help to identifyinterviews specific food access challenges of foodthe typology hubs, andwiththat, community country Hubs Can aSolution Be Defining Food Accessand How Issues Food Study Components services community gatheringspaceoffering and community-oriented multiple usesandgobeyond simplefood access, idea that afuture food hubwillneedto provide for feedback from helpsto thecommunity reinforce the responded to ofquestions thesameseries Vietnamese, andSomali-Bantu) Somali study area (theseincludeLatino/Spanish-speaking, (LEP) communities that are heavily represented in the native languagesoftheLimited EnglishProficiency well asthree inthe meetingsconducted community general inEnglish,as meetingconducted community of apotential food hub hub andsolicitfeedback aboutthecore components in thecommunity, introduce theconcept ofafood meetings to obtaininformation aboutfood access ofresidentsmet withavariety offour inaseries themonth ofMay,During team project members years This section reviewsThis section theexisting conditions around . Throughout theprocess, itwas clearthat the .

. These studiesprovided neededinsight into . . . The meetingsincludeda . Eachgroup . The

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CITY KITCHENrecommendations inthisstudy that canbetakentostep achieve actions the The implementation plan consists ofnext- Implementation Strategy assessment, andfunding demand characteristics, retail potential, market site multiple layers andsteps to identify food supplyand establishment ofafood hubare complex, revealing The logistics andtechnical issuessurrounding Business Feasibility alternative design inthefuture pedestrian-oriented Colfax to change, resulting inlandgainedfrom an were thevisionfor ofFederal theintersection and Vista Avondale ShoppingCenter, High currently Mile to stirmen’s souls.Make bigplans.Aimhighin . Additional landcould beadded to thisidea hope andwork, remembering thatalogical “Make no small plans.Theyhave nomagic diagram oncerecorded willnotdie.” . . . MIle HighVista How aFood HubCan Address theChallenge West Denver Food Access Issuesand

9 CITY KITCHEN 10 major transportation barriers) characterizes the study characterizes thestudy barriers) major transportation isolated from thelarger by community physical and of low-income residents (whoare geographically stores andfood services $12 ofnearly total retail gap(leakage) to climbto $15 nearly food away from homeexceed $12 than $22 area exceeds $17 Total consumer spendingonfood at homeinthe are to $4,692(expected increase to $5,579by 2015) Annual householdexpenditures onfood at home with adaytime employee population of11,966 to 22,007residents in6,811householdsby 2015), residents to in6,469households(expected grow population intheimmediate area is20,787 6th Avenue, 17thAvenue, andI-25 Boulevard, between Sheridan neighborhoods The studyarea encompasses multiple thesitethe teamas formerly selected known toproject betransformative for thearea of Denver plansfor growth andpotential for the included visibility, alignment withadopted City analysis narrowed thepotential sites to five (5) for further analysis,After site visitsandpreliminary theteam as potential locations for ahypothetical food hub and Lakewood proximate to the West Corridor Rail team reviewed approximately 10sites inDenver sustainable healthy neighborhood can be, inthelongterm, central to thevisionfor a andgatheringplace and facility service community concept that reaches beyond food access into This studyrecommends adestination food hub Food HubConcept forWest Denver 3 20 percent orhigher, oramedian familyincome at or communities generally have rate of eitherapoverty storegrocery withlimited access desert area CITY KITCHEN Study Area Source: ESRI BusinessAnalyst Online . The isconsidered community to be afood . Factors influencingthesite selection . 2M by 2015) . According to data, census these tract . 2M (expected to to2M (expected rise more . . Consumer expenditures on 8M by 2015) . 3 Ahighconcentration to a supermarket or large orlarge to asupermarket . . 2M (expected 2M (expected . . The resident The Kitchen City The area hasa . 7M for food . Ultimately, .

Public housinginwest Denver costs) comes theneedfor greater food system (leadingtooil reserves highertransportation floods andothernatural disasters) anddiminishing of climate change(crop failures from drought, volatility inglobalfood suppliesdueintensification With urbanizationoftheworld population andprice portion of the study area is a food desert centered ofthestudyarea isafood desert portion at USDA Food Locator illustrates Desert that asignificant Decatur-Federal Station have apopulation of7,908 that intheimmediate ofthe thecensus tracts vicinity 4 set ofcore values including: a continuum andrural ofurban landscapesembraces states that, “Food across security andnutrition the Food,Nations initsreport, Agriculture andCities The Food andAgriculture Organization oftheUnited centersdistribution orfood hubs aggregating,supportive storage, processing and To dosowillrequire infrastructure investment in geographically proximate to population centers that promotes more agricultural production resilience (increasingurban from 6 World population by to 2050 isexpected be69% Food Cities and straddling the West Corridor Rail censusLakewood tracts alsoincludesfood desert Homes publichousingcommunities area that includesboththeSun Valley and Westridge ofFederalthe intersection Blvd bothlowexperiencing access andlow-income to have low access to fresh food with1,214people residents gov/Data/FoodDesert/fooddesert USDA’s Food Locator ( Desert mile from orlarge store asupermarket grocery of thecensus tract’s population more thanone having at least500peopleand/orat least33percent Low-access/food communities are definedas desert below 80percent ofthearea’s medianfamilyincome

urbanizing world. Available online: nutrition security, agriculture andecosystem management inan templates/FCIT/PDF/FoodAgriCities_Oct2011

FAO. 2011. Food, Agriculture and andCities:Challengesoffood . Of theseresidents, Of 2,498are considered . These issuesnecessitate afood system . 8 to 9 http://www http://www . . and W 5 billionpeople) . . .

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become economic development generators and these facilitieshave theadditionalpotential to development ofrobust food system infrastructure, the While food urban hubsmay support support family farmers andtheecosystems familyfarmers onwhich support shape thefood system through choices market that • In his book, The Vertical hisbook, FarmIn we alldepend 5 gathering andcommerce an agglomeration ofusesthat foster community nature ofthefacilities, food hubsmay encourage immigrant populations foremployment low income opportunities and such places, afood hubmay beasource ofneeded revitalization catalysts areas indecliningurban people that willinhabitthisplanet Brazil to inorder farm to feed 9 theexpected we willrequire anadditionallandmassthesize of available intheworld for food production land meanswe use80%ofalldry husbandry inthearea requiredfactoring for animalgrazing/ equivalent to theentire continent, American South world currently requires anarea ofcropland forsecurity arapidly expanding population our food system infrastructure to ensure food examines theurgentDespommier needto improve demand meanscitiesmust:

the 21

Despommier, PhD. Dickson, The Vertical Farm: Feeding theWorld in • • • • • • for longterm food system resilience; and That requires disaster reduction risk planning buffer price andclimate change volatility; That willhelp stronger urban-rural linkages linked; to sustainable dietsandtherightto food are approachesThe tenet that people-centered infrastructure that includesfood hubs Evolve vast, innovative food system and structures Integrate agriculture withurban vertical Enhance urban-rural supplychains st Century. Press, St.Martens NY. 2010 That consumers urban willultimately . ”

. Due to Due themultipurpose . , Dr . Dickson . 5 To meetthis . By 2050, By . .

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. 5 billion . In In 11 CITY KITCHEN 12 CITY KITCHEN 6 multiple farmers of produce, asadrop offpoint andserves for setting, awholesalefood hubisclose to the source organic) produce from multiplefarms food hubs isto aggregate (often source-verified Aggregation: Acore ofwholesale function health benefitsofeating locally/seasonally regardingservices the economic, socialand locally produced food and provide education tomarketing increase/maintain demandfor Marketing/market development: Provides whichiskeyto accessinglack, consumer markets business management systems that mostfarmers Business management systems: Provides the produced foods from smallto mid-sized farms large, consistent andreliable suppliesoflocally- logistics andadministrative overhead to ensure Broker/administrative Handlesthe services: Distribution Wholesale Food Hub:Aggregation & of thefood hub or core function components defines theprimary three ofoperations types emerging food hubsgenerally fallinto oneof differenttypes of food hubs divide provides alooseframework to distinguish and consumers thedividebetweentype, producers bridge At theiressence allfood hubs, regardless of Food HubCore Components food products oflocally/regionallyand/or marketing produced aggregation, storage, processing, distribution, management facilitating structure the is: “A centrally located withabusiness facility The USDA’s definitionofa working food hub USDA definition

program Adapted from theUSDA Your Know Farmer, Your Know Food What isaFood Hub? . ” . . How afood this hubbridges . In an urban setting, anurban In awholesale . operationThe type . Existingand . In arural In 6

. .

. purchasers suchasinstitutions, schools, restaurants, AgricultureCommunity Supported program to bulk (which may ina range from individualsparticipating Wholesale food to hubslinkfarms consumer markets local buy source-verified food inpalletized form the pick-up point for that endmarkets want to Distribution: Wholesale foodas hubsfunction in thehinterlands food linkedto hubisoften smallerpackinghouses produced food andprovide education services tomarketing increase/maintain demandfor locally Marketing/market development: Provides producersto connect withconsumers catalogues andsupplychainlogisticsweb-based business management team volunteer runorganization as ahub that functions Broker/administrative Grass roots, services: Active Coordination Brokerage/Cooperative Food Hub: label (whilemaintainingidentity) individual farm food issoldunderthewholesalefood hub’s regional develop andgrow for markets products farm food incorporates huboften programs to oractivities Branding &market development. Awholesale a supplyadequate to meetdemand and coordination ofplanting schedulesto ensure includingtrainingfarmers ingrowing methods and incorporate programs to grow of anetwork food hubmay operate itsown farm production Farming technical assistance. Awholesale animal (chicken,goat, rabbit) slaughter facilities More intensive food hubsmay alsoincludesmall side logistics (route planningandscheduling, etc docks andafleet, as well asorchestrate supply may -operate alsohandledistribution loading todistribution markets washes, grades andpacksfresh sorts, produce for operates that acentralized stores, facility packing Packing facility. Awholesalefood hubtypically brokers orgrocers) . . The wholesalefood hub . Actively coordinates . . . Often Often . . .

. ) .

purification agriculture. and vertical rainwater natural harvest, daylightingandventilation, blackwater numerous sustainabledesignelementsincluding renewable energy, (bottom) are conceptual designsforlivingbuildingsthatincorporate the Eco by Laboratory Weber ThompsoninSeattle, WA Architects Green by inVancouverHarvest RomsesArchitects B.C. (top) and Website: www.classic-foods.com Operating Budget: N/A Community Services: Yes PrivatelyBusiness Model: owned Building SF: 50,000SF Location: Portland, OR • ClassicFood Food Urban Factory Case Study Locations Website: www.ferrybuildingmarketplace.com Operating Budget: Community Services: Yes Public-privateBusiness Model: partnership Building SF: 240,000SF Location: Francisco, San CA Francisco• San Ferry Market Terminal Food Market/Destination Hubs Brokerage/Cooperative Food Hubs Wholesale Food Hubs Website: www.highplainsfood.org Operating Budget:$100K-$120K No Community Services: For-profit,Business Model: cooperative Building SF: N/A FrontLocation: Mountain Rocky Range Plains Food• High Cooperative Website: www.iowafood.coop Operating Budget: No Community Services: producer andconsumer memberboard) CooperativeBusiness Model: (runby an8-member Building SF: N/A Location: Iowa • Iowa Food Cooperative Website: www.midtownglobalmarket.org Operating Budget: Community Services: Yes Public-PrivateBusiness Model: Partnership mixed1M SFofvertical usedevelopment) Building SF: 73,000SF(withinmore than Location: MN Minneapolis, • Midtown GlobalMarket ~$1.3M (processing &distribution) Operating Budget:~$4M(retail component); Community Services: Yes Private,Business Model: for-profit Building SF: 67,200SF Location: St. Louis, MO • The Food Hubat Lafayette Square (planned) Business Model: Buyingclub Business Model: Building SF: N/A Location: Chicago, IL • Healthy Food Hub Website: www.healthyfoodhub.org Operating Budget: Community Services: Yes Website: www.goodnessgreeness.com Operating Budget: Community Services: Yes (donations) Non-profitBusiness Model: Building SF: 25,000SF Location: Chicago, IL Greeness• Goodness Website: www.detroiteasternmarket.com Operating Budget: $1.2M Community Services: Yes PublicallyBusiness Model: owned Building SF: Hallonly) 20,000SF(Market Location: Detroit, MI • Detroit Eastern Market Website: www.weaverstreetmarket.coop Operating Budget:$10M Community Services: Yes Non-profitBusiness Model: cooperative excludes administrative oﬃces) Building SF: 11,000SF(Food Houseonly, Food Houselocated inHillsborough,NC) CarolinaLocation: (multiplelocations, North • Weaver Street Market Website: www.asdevelop.org Operating Budget:$600K+ Community Services: Yes Non-profitBusiness Model: Building SF: 25,000SF Location: Duﬃeld, VA • Appalachian SustainableDevelopment Website: www.localfoodhub.org Operating Budget: $580K Community Services: Yes Non-profitBusiness Model: Building SF: 3,800SF Location: Charlottesville, VA • Local Food Hub Website: www.intervale.org Operating Budget: $1.4M Community Services: Yes withfor-profit management style Non-profitBusiness Model: enterprise Building SF: 1,600SF Location: Vermont • CenterThe Intervale Website: www.grownyc.org Operating Budget: Community Services: Yes Non-profitBusiness Model: (quasi-governmental) Building SF: N/A Location: NYC/five burroughs • Greenmarkets/GrowNYC

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CITYspace andequipment for food to bestored, lightly Packing house/distributioncenter: Provides the Comprehensive Activity Terminal Market/Destination Food Hub: production supplies,local product andconsistent year-round varietiesinorderproduct to promote in variety coordinate planting schedulesandmanage Supply sidelogistics: Works to withfarmers expenses KITCHEN costs leveragedtransaction to cover operational have maximumeconomic benefitwithduesor withproducerstructures andconsumer members Cooperative structure. Cooperative business products through anonlinedatabase ofavailable farm or maintain inventory, salesare virtually transacted donotoperatetypically aconventional storefront Virtual transactions. Since thesefood hubs up sites for produce operations andpick- and coordination ofdrop-off relytypically heavily for onvolunteer support Volunteer Brokerages/cooperatives support. other end grass roots cooperativesserving represent the represent andregion oneendofthespectrum informs thesize ofthehub, where buyingclubs farms hubs create between consumers abridge andlocal Direct-to-consumer. Brokerage/cooperative food of eating locally/seasonally regarding theeconomic, socialandhealthbenefits . Aconsumer group’s collective buyingpower . .

. . . . Food access asapilotsite for assistance: Serves education functions nutrition andcommunity classes, cooking that support teaching kitchens processing for saleto consumers and/orevent/ food for kitchen value-added commissary a facilities: Includes Commissary kitchen counseling providers, diet-related diseasescreening and such asoffices forhealthandhumanservice healthandsocialservices, Offers Health services: and thelike including education, events, community exchange point of social gathering related to the food system and retail vending ofregional foods, aswell asa Food access: astheterminus for wholesale Serve identity) Hub’s regional label(whilemaintaining thefarm processed, packed, palletized andsoldundera appeal andahighdegree ofcommercial exchange with destination creating massofactivity acritical development catalyst inarevitalizing area by Development anchor/catalyst: asa Acts for food micro-entrepreneurs (conference rooms, office equipment, phones, etc business incubator facilities andshared services Business incubationas Acts services/facilities: business planningclasses budgeting courses, and food businessstart-up meetings, education, nutrition familyfood meeting space orclassrooms for community free ofcharge event community space Community gathering: Provides low cost of EBT and WIC technologies . . . .

. . Provides . ) . categories definedabove - Wholesale, Brokerage, ofthethree offood types hub Below isasummary differencesmarked inoperations andservices to fresh food, butcasestudyresearch reveals the oflandusesdesigned to providespectrum access “Food hub” asaterm hasbeenappliedto abroad distribution fooddistribution hubs are components critical ofaggregation/wholesale hospitals, schools, grocers, restaurants andthelike) to bulkpurchasers includinginstitutionssuchas off produce for grading, anddistribution packing centralized houses(for to farmers drop packing safety standards demandedby purchasers) and technical assistance (to promote adherence to food toquantity meetthe demandsofbulkpurchases), plantfarmers highdemandcrops in sufficient as planting schedulecoordination (to ensure that small to mid-size familyfarmers facilities are, therefore, instrumental inorganizing the large quantities offood required it difficult toidentify asinglesource that cansupply cropspecialty farmers development for ofmarkets thesmallto mid-size organic food, makesthesehubsessential to the the United States Numerous wholesalefood hubsexist across operations.General descriptionandtypical FoodWholesale Hubs case studyresearch canbefound intheAppendix components the effort canbeinitiated to start and programming, any ofhub oneoramixture aspire, butdependingonfunding, partnership, can toKitchen whichafullyphasedCity type and Terminal Market/Destination Food HubCase Study Summary Appalachian Sustainable Development Sustainable Appalachian The Intervale Center Intervale The Goodness Greeness Goodness . Local Food Hub Food Local Growing demandfor local, . . Many bulkpurchasers find . Functions such . It isthislatter It .

Wholesale .

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packinghouses to storage, anurban packinghouses distribution from smallto mid-sized andrural familyfarms by creatingrural afeeder partnerships network couldlogistics enhance Suchafacility urban- the state highway system would aidtransportation ofproducedistribution be conducive to wholesaleaggregation and location, afood hubonDenver’s West Sidewould Issues for Consideration. toDue itscentral urban clubs, where individuals collectively purchase food title to itonce apurchase hasbeenmade owns theproduce andtheconsumer member holds “inventory” ispre-ordered do notmaintain anyhubs typically inventory, all both producer andconsumer members inagrass roots,function cooperative with style between eaters andproducers, andtypically Active coordination food asabridge hubsact General Descriptionand Typical Operations. Brokerage/Cooperative Food Hubs developmentmarket andmarketing logistics, the addeddimensionsoftransportation without functions to specialize inpackinghouse to focus ongrowing andsmallerrural food hubs providers, service and marketing allowing farmers of population, ofbulkpurchasers andnetworks givenactivities theproximity to aconcentration take onagreater share development ofmarket hub distribution facilities could feed alarger aggregation/ urban smaller rural aggregation/distribution-wholesale supply chainlogistics asscattered sites farm and Such afeeder would network createin efficiencies for agriculture urban asapackinghouse also serve and processing center High Plains Food Cooperative Cooperative Food Plains High Iowa Food Cooperative Food Iowa . Healthy Food Hub Food Healthy An urban food An urban hubcould . Acentral food city hubcould . Proximity to freeways and . The producer member

. . These food . Buying .

15 CITY KITCHEN 16 serve theemerging produce nicheandspecialty serve stands), onlyasmallhandfulofformal cooperatives markets,outlets (likefarmers CSAs androadside at groceries, andgrowth to indirect consumer produce,specialty expansion ofproduce offerings despite significant increases inthe consumption of 7 for asource services of network of andsupport the food providing hub, coordination particularly the educational programming andoperation of andexisting ColoradoExtension cooperatives in tofood engageCSU hubpresents theopportunity initiativeKitchen takesshape, development ofa CITYhelp overcome thesebarriers study concluded that cooperative education could incooperatives,formation oforparticipation the thatstudy identified influence someof thefactors substantial outreach withgrowers, interviews the ofgrowing purpose from theprimary with sales, logistics which detract andmarketing alleviating administrative burdens associated access,market logistics and transportation scale), coordinated planting schedules, gaining operations that capture greater economies of improved competitive advantage (visavislarge small andmidsized including familyfarmers KITCHENthe many benefitsthat cooperatives offer to inColoradomarkets State Study University Extension Issues for Consideration. Arecent Colorado cost offresh, localproduce that anddistribution helpsreduceproduction the andconsumersfarmers to ensure more efficient ofproduce packing Producers handleany washing, grading sorting, and volunteers whooversee activities thedistribution producer as and/orconsumer act membersoften sites distribution facilities withpartner minimalaggregating catalogues orvery web-based are “virtual” significant facilities, lacking maintaining coordination food hubs from producers, alsofallundertheheaderofactive

University Extension, June2011AMR11-05.; Extension, University Programming”, Agricultural Colorado Marketing State Report, in Colorado withImplications forCooperative Education Fresh Produce andSpecialty through Cooperatives andCollectives

Jennifer KeelingJennifer Bond, Kellie EnnsandBillBrockhouse, “Marketing . connect The broker services . The studyacknowledged . These food hubstypically . . As Denver’s City 7 found that . Through . The .

of farmers anddevelopof farmers more sustainableand enterprise development, generation buildthenext the food system, andsocial expand marketing models, improve sales, farm create/retain jobsin to develop innovativethe opportunity business within theircommunities economic, socialandenvironmental impacts roles ofregional food hubsisto have “significant Resource Guidestates that oneoftheprimary Your Food (KYF2) program’s Regional Food Hub producers 8 to arespace secondary solongastheseactivities garden)or aproduction gathering andcommunity integrated(vertically greenhouse/aquaponics and/ education, businessincubation, on-site production classes, suchascooking nutrition an array ofservices consumer orenduser orotherprogramsgrocery) that cater to ageneral vendor arcades, food banksorsmallmarket/ consumer access indoor market, (asinafarmers base meansthat thesefacilities provide to direct setting) urban withinacentralizedactivities location (usually an cooperative/brokerage food hubs, housingthese incorporate ofaggregation/wholesale aspects and Destination development food hubstypically General Descriptionand Typical Operations. FoodDestination Hubs Terminal Market/ reliable methodsofagricultural production

Washington, 2012 DC.April ofAgriculture,US Agricultural Department Marketing Service. Fisk,John andStacia Kiraly. “Regional Food HubResource Guide”,

Barham, James, Debra Tropp, Kathleen Enterline, Jeff Farbman, The Food Hub at Lafayette Square Lafayette at Hub Food The Classic Foods Urban Food Factory Food Urban Foods Classic . The USDA’s Know Your Farmer, Know San Francisco Ferry Market Ferry Francisco San Greenmarkets/GrowNYC Greenmarkets/GrowNYC Midtown Global Market Global Midtown Detroit Eastern Market Market Eastern Detroit . Proximity to adensepopulation Weaver Street Market Street Weaver . A terminal market may Aterminal market offer . ” 8 Within thisrole falls . housing buildsinanadditionalcustomer baseforthehub. draw forvisitors. Mixed-use development ofthesite withoffice and inthesurroundingpopulations neighborhood, whilecreating a accessthe food needsanduniquepreferences oftheimmigrant hub. The anchortenants andspecialty, vendors ethnicfood serve asaterminal market buildinginMinneapolis historic food Sears Midtown GlobalMarket repurposed alongvacant, iconic and (like Denver’s innovative Gardens, Heirloom picturedbelow). of Charlottesville’s Local Food Hub, picturedabove) andfarmers Food hubs provide eaters (like abridgebetween elderlymembers food andinfluence consumer food choices, while operations to meetthegrowing demandfor local infrastructure for smallto mid-sized localfarming potential to thegap, bridge providing needed end users of avariety asahybrid thatfunctioning serves food hubmay ofbothmodels, encompass aspects model, adestination development to-consumer modelorafarm- a farm-to-business/institution or cooperative/brokerage food hubsfallinto either and encourage trade 9 and habits and consumers to rethink theirpurchasing options oflocalproducerscapacity and alsoengagebuyers that buildthe a numberofadditionalservices Beyond thesebasicfunctions, “food hubsprovide develops channelsto market bulkpurchasers andprocessingdistribution oflocalfood and nichethatwill fillamarket aidsaggregation, mid-sized farmers inadequate infrastructure available to smallto asasolutiontohubs are the gainingpopularity and distribution footprintand thecarbon offood production healthy food that minimizes ecological impacts ensure areliable andsustainablesupplyoffresh, to mid-sized growers closeto home to diversify andenhance thecontributions ofsmall system, there isgrowing awareness that we need these operations are essential to ourcurrent food to private, agriculture industrial operations transferred theresponsibility for feeding ourselves population concentrated areas, inurban we Issues for Further Consideration. As thecountry’s engagement andrural) (bothurban development, programming facility andcommunity rolethey takeanactive invalue chainbusiness of foodmanagers;rather hubsare notjustproperty environmental) impacts greatest bottom triple line(economic, socialand development, whichhasthepotential for the food settingisadestination hubinanurban Barham,James, Debra Tropp, Kathleen Enterline, Jeff Farbman, Washington, 2012 DC.April ofAgriculture,US Agricultural Department Marketing Service. Fisk,John andStacia Kiraly. “Regional Food HubResource Guide”, . The emerging modelfor a21 . ” 9 As food suchurban hubshave the . Destinationdevelopment food . Expansionofthisinfrastructure . While aggregation/wholesale . Operators of these types Operators ofthesetypes . . Doing sowill Doing st century century . While .

activities andprogrammedof othercommercial services that offers wholesaleand retail salesplus anarray (retail) ormore ahybriddirect-to-consumer often hubs may (wholesale), bedirect-to-institution -Destinationdevelopment Model Hybrid food months to maintain access to fresh produce inoffpeak collaborating withconventional supplychains Destination development food hubsmay be • • • •

combination ofinnovative financing mechanisms where benefitmay community begainedfrom a develop through public-private partnerships development food hubs, suchfacilitiesoften ofdestination social gatheringisakeyfunction massof critical developments todistrict support SF for individualbuildingsorupto 40acres for substantial size inexcess –mostoften of20,000 multipledestination user groups andsupports of of usesthat avariety attracts diversity include pilot sites for electronic benefit transfers (EBT) pilot sites for benefittransfers electronic (EBT) lunch programs for low-income children business planningclasses),and space for summer budgeting courses, and food businessstart-up classrooms (for education, nutrition familyfood education functions), nutrition andcommunity classes, cooking (that support teaching kitchens event andmeetingspace, event/free-of-charge provide or amenitiessuchaslow-cost community to someextentassocialenterprises that function hubs loans to realize destination development food credits, taxincrement financingand low interest Such financing include tools often grants, tax wouldwithout whichtheproject notbefeasible goods for trade generator andthesite andsupplies additional andanactivity the extentthat italsofunctions development ofterminal market to be apart isontrademarkets activity itineraries Community Benefit and Community Benefit Public Finance -Since On-Site Production - The emphasisofterminal -Suchfacilitiesare ofa Mass Critical typically Diverse -Destinationdevelopments Activity . As aresult, even privately heldprojects . . . .

. . Onsite may production .

17 CITY KITCHEN 18

• CITY• KITCHEN• •

construction orrehabilitationconstruction ofaniconic development food involve hubsoften the (conference rooms, office equipment, phones, incubator facilities withshared services development asabusiness food act hubsoften and businessesthat benefitfrom proximity to the investmentand attract (likehotels, residential uses as well asdevelopment catalysts that draw visitors commercegenerators that andjobgrowth, support development foodaseconomic hubsfunction high energy demands ofthesefacilities include green building elements to offset the ofthefood gathering aspects hubandoften structure consumers food processingvalue-added for saleto food businessdevelopmentsupports through that accompanyoften kitchen acommissary etc stops/stations distance ofnearby residential areas andtransit environmentfriendly withinconvenient walking access for regional visitors aswell asapedestrian development food hubsbenefitfrom good components, distribution serve destination to thestate andfederal highway systems to additiontois akeyattribute proximity. In hubs proximity andcustomers to transportation food hub) screening andcounseling providers,service aswell asdiet-related disease may includeofficesservices forhealthandhuman foodemergency supplies) clients may store shoplikeagrocery for needed (especially consumer choice food banksthat programs and/orfood banks Children (WIC) Program (SNAP)benefits, Infant and Women to process SupplementalAssistance Nutrition Transportation Access -As withwholesalefood Iconic Green Architecture -Destination FacilitiesShared Services -Destination Destination Economic Generators Activity - . ) for food micro-entrepreneurs . . Design elements reinforce community . . . Other health and social healthandsocial Other . Suchfacilities . the economic, socialandhealthbenefitsofeating andeducationalily farmers campaigns regarding food through that marketing promotes smallfam- crease andmaintain demandfor locallyproduced locally andseasonally accessing consumer markets whichiskeytosystems thatlack, mostfarmers Food hubs provide thebusinessmanagement Recommended Approach study ofonesite forSide andleadto theselection further sitesDenver’sof differentwithin opportunity West goals/outcomesproject willinform thescreening These considerations whenappliedto theoriginal and workforce opportunities area residents through economic development healthy food, of andenhance theself-sufficiency interaction, improve access to affordable, fresh, planning area, facilitate gatheringand community within theregion, catalyze development withinthe of hubwilltakeadvantage ofthearea’s location destination development food hub. This type on focus group outreach, thisresearch points to a needsonDenver’scommunity West Side based into accounttaking thediverse food access and and constraints ofDenver’s West Side, and attributes withinthecontext oftheopportunities After reviewing thecore components andkey food hubfrom another between producers andeaters distinguishes one round production suppliesandconsistentin localproduct year- facilities work to withfarmers promote variety No matter offood thetype hub, generally such . . How food thegap hubsbridge .

. .

Food in- hub services source oflivable wage jobsfor area residents, from mean that suchadevelopment could provide a The offood core ofthevarioustypes hubs functions Community Economic Development classified as food deserts lacking access lacking to fresh,classified as food deserts Numerous Census onthe tracts West Sideare Healthy Eating create for markets products smallfamilyfarm healthy food to consumers areas inurban and fresh, bring strengthen urban-rural partnerships, to seethedevelopment ofcooperatives that interest from state andfederal level institutions development entity time to grow into acomplex, robust community withthepotential overoperational support requirements initiallyrelying onvolunteers for lowsince hasfairly suchastructure overhead an idealway to initiate a West Denver food hub, Development ofacooperative food hubmay be economic insecurity Denver residents whoexperience ahigh degree of a significant path forto self-sufficiency West A cooperative may businessstructure provide programs onthefarendofspectrum investmentwith theirdividendsandcommunity elaborate cooperatives (like Weaver Street Markets) simplest form improve access to fresh food to more buying clubs(likeHealthy Food Hub) that intheir ofcooperativethe spectrum ranging structures from developmentcommunity through dividendsandreinvestment ofprofits in members standto benefiteconomically andsocially as food deserts like the West Sidewithlarge Census identified tracts inanarea important of people, whichisparticularly thecollective buyingpowerharnesses ofagroup A food hubwithacooperative businessstructure manual laborto executive businessmanagement West Denver DestinationFood Hub for aOpportunities . Over timeasthecooperative Over grows, . . Additionally, there isgrowing . The casestudiesillustrate .

. . to fullyaddress food access needsoftheimmediate may notbeable services wholesale anddistribution healthy food An on-site garden/urban and/or production farm andsmall foodfarmers business entrepreneurs a training/technical assistance outletfor urban centerand distribution for agriculture urban and to beanaggregationpresents theopportunity A food area hub inanurban like West Denver facilities for thefollowing keyreasons: a food hubincorporate smallanimalslaughter residents went sofarasto express adesire that foods) to shopping allow for one-stop vegetables (staples, aswell asculturally significant including meat, dairy, eggs, spices, fruitsand a food hubto offer of adiverse selection food events food system includingeducation andcommunity well asapoint ofsocialgatheringrelated to the wholesale andretail vending ofregional foods, as a desire for afood astheterminus for hubto serve Across theboard, West Denver residents indicated cost access food to emergency supplies of fresh produce and/orafood bankto provide no- retail sales hub shouldincludedirect-to-consumer members community - To process animalsallowed by Denver’s recently - To provide asource ofjobs(Somali/Somali- - To ensure access to themostfresh meat prohibits on-site slaughter which allows backyard chickens, goats, but passed Food Producing Animals ordinance desirable job) andarespected, activity culturally important Bantu residents viewanimalslaughter asa Bantu residents) to theSomali/Somali- important (particularly

. Residents noted that it is important for Residentsnoted that itisimportant . A West Sidefood hubthat focuses on . Therefore, apotential food . Some Some . .

19 CITY KITCHEN 20 CITY KITCHEN Food HubConcept for West Sites Denver Opportunity N T 0 Food Hub Opportunity SiteFood HubOpportunity StopLight Rail Route Light Rail Bus Route Elks Lodge Lakewood T 0.5 T 1 Miles Redevelopment Saint Anthony’s Site T Con uence Ministries (formerly Avondale) T Mile High VistaHigh Mile T Sisters of Sun Valley Kitchen Color Homes (DHA) Sun Valley T T Light Rail stations. The white lineindicates thehalf-mile bufferfrom West Corridor Field Authority High atMile Sports West Colfax Avenue inDenver including noise, traffic andhoursofoperation from commercial, ofafood nuisance impacts hub could reasonably handlethemore industrial- redevelopment parcels ofasubstantial size that containidentified several as food deserts desirable West Denver, theCensus tracts particularly Catalytic Development Potential in planningfor food aanurban hub greenhouse/aquaponics shouldbeincluded facility ideal activity inducer ideal activity both wholesaleandretail food access would bean streets andtown centers interaction, especiallyin TOD station areas, main development that promotes socialgatheringand use development may notbesufficient to catalyze thedesired mixed orbrokerageon wholesaledistribution services development focus withaheavy facility onmarket distribution end userspredisposes thearea to alarge-scale West Denver’s proximity to aconcentration of function distribution an ideallocation for afood hubwithasignificant fall withinDenver’s crescent, industrial makeit that highway theportions system, particularly West Denver’s proximity to thestate andfederal function the distribution potential opportunity sites for afuturepotential food opportunity hub: teamproject usedthe following to criteria determine owners, residents organizations andcommunity team identified five sites withinput from property ofthisnaturea project understand what would berequired to implement more realistic setofvariablesto analyze inorder to at areal site provides withinthecommunity a site to develop asafoodopportunity hub This studytakesanindepthlook at ahypothetical Site Selection Criteria forOpportunity SiteFood Selection HubOpportunity . However, focused afood hubstrictly . Adopted area planscallfor land . .

. To that end, theproject . . Afood hubthat provides . . Looking Looking . The public housingandrapid transit/light rail station Field Authority with biketrails, High, Sports at Mile includeproximityfactors to downtown, greenways food hubwithcatalytic investment potential predispose offactors A variety West Denver to a health screenings providers includingworkforce development and between afood hubandthesocialservice West for Sidecreatespartnerships anopportunity communities onthe andDenver HumanServices Proximity to two Denver HousingAuthority investor orpartnership destination development intheabsence ofawilling on the West Sidewithagoalto grow itinto a planning stagesto how to germinate afood hub Consideration shouldbegiven inthebusiness to besuccessful substantial publicpartnership promising, andrequire willbepioneering, risky Destination development inthearea, though existing conditions of West Denver’s real estate fromuses that detract asenseofplace definesthe A concentration ofmarginal, land auto-oriented andgrowconsumers to serve strategically investment parcels) provides baseof asupportive housing andemployment development onlarge and employment (withthepotential for additional areas 3 2 1 . . . . An existing highconcentration ofpopulation reuse ofanexisting ordoesthe structure the site offer thepotential for adaptive Sufficient Size or Adaptive Does Reuse- region andhigh visibility? ensure convenient access for suppliersinthe to thestate and federal highway system to Transportation Access -Isthesite accessible accessible by bikeortransit? the West Corridor orisitconveniently Rail site distance withinareasonable of walking Proximity to the West Corridor – Rail is the .

. . These . .

21 CITY KITCHEN 22

CITYfor consideration: thefollowing theteamcriteria, selected five sites After review ofthestudyarea usingtheabove Sites Opportunity oftheWestDescriptions Side KITCHEN 4 3 2 1 5 4 5 ...... Lakewood ElksLodge Scattered smallsites –Sun Valley Kitchen, High Mile Vista (associated withthe Xcel Power Plant (associated withthe Saint Anthony’s Central Hospital Sisters ofColor, ConfluenceMinistries Station Area Plan) planning area for theDecatur-Federal Station Area Plan) planning area for theDecatur-Federal owner? development beofinterest to theproperty to acquire/develop)? Would food hub holding situation that would makeitdifficult (not infragmented ownership orsomeother ownershipProperty –isthesite assembled consistent withthe West Colfax Plan vision? development catalyst intheimmediate area center ordestination asanactivity to act Colfax Plan) oristhere potential for thesite as atown center identified inthe West residential facilities(such orcommunity usessuchasretail, complementary support a potential redevelopment area that may Development Potential -Isthesite within diversity ofusesthat may definea food hub? (greater than10KSF)to accommodate the incubation, etc)? Is thesite ofasufficient size storage, on-site business production, as processing, aggregation, distribution, offood(such a widevariety hubfunctions reasonable development to accommodate site offer sufficient undeveloped land for Size: 16acres Zoning: C-MX-5 Assembled,Ownership: private ownership Anthony’sSaint Central Hospital site iseasilyaccessible from I-25 via West Colfax destination development appealofthissite and itsrecreational amenitieswould boostthe planningefforts urban Colfax area ofrecent that hasbeenthesubject site andcatalyzes reinvestment inthelarger W development program that visitors attracts to the a food hubcould helpdefineadestination as well asoffice and retail workers planned development includingnewresidents, from thecustomer basethat willaccompany plans concept could beintegrated into redevelopment stagesofsiteearly planning, thefood hub adaptive reuse onsiteExisting structures offer thepotential for spaces withsomeremaining healthcare presence will includeamixofresidential, retail andoffice for redevelopment are underway hospital vacated thesite inrecent years andplans W assembled 16acre site between Sloan’s Lake, Saint Anthony’s Central Hospitaloccupies afully . Colfax Ave . Afood hubinthislocation could benefit . andFederal andSheridan . Alternatively, given therelatively . Proximity to thelake . Redevelopment . As ananchor, . The . The .

. .

center andhealthy food access point makes thissite highlyattractive asajobcreation Proximity to residents intheSun Valley area, to residentialsubstantial impact properties ofafoodoperations andfunctions hubwithout greater inthepotential flexibility hoursof appeal Platte biketrail enhance thesite’s destination access to amajorlight rail station andtheSouth grid I-25 andthearterial location inSun Valley makesiteasilyaccessible to economic benefits for thearea wouldthe structure have bothenvironmental and Federal Blvd has unmatched from visibility I-25, W hub site and aniconographic buildingasapotential food The Xcel Power Plant offers alarge assemblage Size: 2 Zoning: I-MX-5, UO-2 (potential purchase city infuture) Assembled,Ownership: private ownership Sun Valley/Xcel Power Plant . 93 ac/127,818SF . The settingalsoprovides industrial . With itstowering smokestacks, thesite . on the city skyline onthecity . Additionally, superior . The structure’s . Adaptive reuse of . .

Colfax and .

noorlow degree maybe, partialormediumdegree yes or high degree Complements other cityplanning priorities HEAL Model Innovative &transformative Move toward implementation City priority redevelopment site Unique sitefeatures Access to freeways High visibility location Potential for green, adaptive reuse Centralized siting Alternative mode access Limited environmental impacts/concerns Complementary uses nearby Proximity tovulnerable residents Readiness for development More than 20,000 SF Site tolerance for nuisances Single Ownership Assembled Site SAC Xcel Plaza High Mile Scattered Scattered Sites Elks Size: 2 Zoning: CMX-12 site ownership; fragmented ownership onremainder of High Mile Ownership: Vista assembled, private High Mile Vista +Additional Land consideration thepotential for afood hub term redevelopment considerations shouldtakeinto advantage ofthesite’s gateway potential in terms ofcreating asenseofplace andtrulytaking of thecenter’s leave structures muchto bedesired location high visibility of afood hubinthislocation could benefitfrom the promote asustainablefood system such usescould trulycompliment eachother and some consideration would needto begiven to how a nice compliment to apotential food hub, though commercial spaces Puebloa Mi store grocery inoneoftheexisting scenario for afood hubasthesite now includes of thesite) home ofthe West (onthewestern portion SideLibrary center could besomuchmore Colfax andFederal Blvd, thisdated commercial strip Perched prominently above of theintersection West . 79 ac . Adaptive reuse would bethemostlikely . /122K SF . The anchorcould grocery provide . However, thedated nature . The site isthefuture . Development . Longer- .

23 CITY KITCHEN 24 CITY KITCHEN programming education andnutrition distribution with afood hubto promote food production, The three sites could develop a partnership massoffood tocritical thearea system activity for abiggeroperation thatapartners brings theirpotentialto acknowledge assatellite sites have beenincludedinthisevaluation sizecriteria requirement products of processing for-sale, food value-added grade, rather itisusedfor on-site events instead butitisnotcommercialincludes akitchen, development programsskill hosts numerous outreach community and West Colfax neighborhood renovated alongvacant inthe structure for children classesbusinesses orfor andnutrition cooking as aconventional for otherfood commissary available to makethekitchen sees opportunity his businessneeds caters that primarily to kitchen commissary site withtheintention to transform itinto a and street fairs Frenchwho makesspecialty for fries festivals is aprivate enterprise owned by avendor kitchen commissary to renovate theirgarden level space into a andtheorganizationpromotion plans services ofhealthof Color includesavariety facility andConfluenceMinistries Market) Sun Valley (inthe former Kitchen DecaturSt These sites includetheSisters ofColor, the the studyarea emerged for consideration area, several smallsites scattered throughout sites withinthestudy reviewingIn opportunity Size: 15,452SF(total for 3sites) Zoning: Varies Fragmented,Ownership: private ownership Kitchen, ConfluenceMinistries Scattered sites: Sisters ofColor, Sun Valley . Noneofthesites meetthescreening . Finally, ConfluenceMinistries .

. The vendor purchased the . However, theowner also . The Sun Valley Kitchen . Nonetheless, the . The organization . The building . The Sisters .

in neighboring Lakewoodin neighboring to promote multi- to W frombetween I-25andSheridan W thisstudyfocuses ontheareaWhile primarily (19,706 SFmainfloor, 14,348SFbasement) Size: 94,925SFtotal site +existing structure (LakewoodZoning: zoning) CMU-C Assembled,Ownership: private ownership LodgeElks (Lakewood) project team project recommends High Mile Vista Given theresults ofthescreening, the promising site sites, High Mile Vista emerged as themost could bemadefor each oftheopportunity relative to eachother the different sites satisfy goals theproject The tablebelow illustrates thedegree to which the sites through goals thelensofproject sites, team theproject screenedopportunity greater detailfrom amongthevariouspotential order asinglesite toIn to studyin select Analysis Site Screening Opportunity redevelopment optionhere guarded studyofafood interest hub infurther from theElksLodge isunclear assembled outlet withamainstreet presence redeveloped to establishaprominent food retail from thelodge)could beadaptively reused or frontage onColfax, existing(separate structures provide excellent access andvisibility of Lakewood’s West Corridor light rail stops (across from Casa andproximate Bonita) to one aquaponics facility large garden community and/orgreenhouse/ andsufficient spacesubstantial a parking for facilities/barspace kitchen storage andsecondary capacity cold/dry meeting halls, classroom spaces, loadingdocks, fully operational commercial extensive kitchen, adaptive reuse scenario allthesites itpresentsOf themostpromising Lodge emerged asanintriguingopportunity reviewing ahandfulofpotential sites, theElks cooperation onthisproject jurisdictional . 10 th Ave . Whether thesite could bepurchased . , we examined ahandfulofsites .

. Its Colfax street Its address . While astrong argument . includesa The facility . The grounds include . . However, there is . The site is . 17 . With th Ave . After After .

underserved communitywith underserved

energy efficientdesign. energy education/foodaccessinan centralized sitingproximate to crtical communitydevelopment crtical strategic areas, nutrition development/access tojobs, food hub design, construction, foodhubdesign,construction, andprogramming toaddress needssuchasworkforce use elsewhere inDenver and should develop areplicable by othercities-Theproject framework ormodelfora Create aHEALmodelfor

infrastructure that simultaneously builds simultaneously that infrastructure functions asapillaroflocalfood functions system collective economics thatprosperity brings 1 4 5 6 . 3 catalyzes investment inthesurrounding Create adestination development that . . Partner withexisting organizations to Increaseaccess to fresh, healthy food . . Promote thedevelopment ofalocal, collaborative management structure Develop abusinessmodelrooted in create and facility ashared services area andcreates massof acritical 2 community andprosperity community and jobsto thelocalcommunity The West Denver Food Hub storage, processing, distribution well-designed, energy efficient, activity centeredactivity onlocalfood and production functions ina functions and production . sustainable food system and Integrate food aggregation, urban-rural relationships iconographic structure system development Vision Goals . . . .

. . .

recommendation: study for further for steps thenext clear visionandgoalstatements provides direction – development ofahypothetical businessplan–a community ofbuildingafood the the possibility hubto serve regarding the needfor healthy food access and studies andfeedback received from area residents detailsdemographicThis information, report case 2 1 4 3 . . . . Aconcentration ofhighintensity housingin The site isoneofthemostcentrally located to Due thehighintensity location, thesite hasa High Mile Vista provides oneofthemostvisible Knox Court light railKnox station Court corridor, theDecatur-Federal station andthe onthedevelopmentimpact ofthe West Colfax the potential ofthissite to have acatalytic a new West onthesite, improves SideLibrary the immediate area plusthedevelopment of area’s Census food tracts desert Gulchtrail andthestudy the Lakewood Dry Decatur-Federal Platte station), theSouth trail, system, the West Corridor (andthe Rail sites relative to thestate andfederal highway that may beassociated withafood hub as hoursofoperation, deliveries/truck access) hightolerancefairly for (such nuisance impacts destination development appeal Colfax Ave above ofFederal theintersection Blvd and W and accessible sites perched onthehillside . As moves theproject phase to thenext . , whichpredisposes thislocation for . Four inform key factors this .

. . . . .

25 CITY KITCHEN 26

CITY KITCHEN Food Kitchen City HubDesign Concept NEIGHBORHOOD G T RECONNECTING *Th educ income is$35,000*, fromood willbenefit smallbusinessincubation andtheneighborh and livinginthisarea,people 68%whoident Slo The the city block grid, block the city ood anewusablebusinessansneighborh going from onesideofColfax to theother. demolishingtheclo By dev The the surr to to RTA TRANSPO paths through thesite. plaza. major bustransit station isacrossn. theintersectio accessible by oftra mostmodes it isanidealplace ofit'spro Because be morebe accessible for andbikes pedestrians an's Lake, e Pin We nt elopment clove ati The st Col on. oods ounding neighborh ton rleaf highw rleaf Lak Foundation Dat Neighborhood Sh fax neighborhood isloc fax neighborhood of businessalongColfax. theflow alsoblocks It ewo eridan B eridan to basethefood hub andwillserve od Dry od ximity a rou ximity ay ay exi lvd TION ANDA Gulch bike path isjustoutside bike Gulch at ts at , a , nd Par Villa nd the main business and transportation corridor ofColfax corridor A nd themainbusinessandtransportation Col HE GRID n. n. nsportatio anddo fax A ate ve ve we d onthe k. k. wnt ify themselves asLatino*. It ishighlypopula It Fe and a own The CC . to re re deral Blvd create ESS A busstop isimmedia r. gether. is light rail access within halfamile, nve st endofDe e. e. themostpeopl , a , re are nd there and brings the scale backdown thescale and brings ted of pedestrians andbicyc of pedestrians district iscreated district , w , ith approximately 15,000 ver a major blocktoa major the r, r, The bordered leafs multiple pedestrian multiplepedestrian av Fes tel erage household andrecon tival Plaza iseasily y infro by . T . his connects his connects Fe nt nt deral B necting of the lists anda

ve, lvd

, 01 d&c | denver C IT Y K IT TC H E N design & community City Kitchen Food Kitchen City HubDesign Concept PROGRAM PEDESTRIAN ANDBICYCL VIEW com center.neighborhood The educ The concer The plaza. Fes the site. mile tival Plaza iseasilyaccessible by oftra mostmodes te site re re view serves asabackdro viewserves munity center,munity mixed , a , ati The is astunningviewofdo n. nd amajorbustransit station isacrossn. theintersectio ts. cente onal itself willconta Lak ewo rs, od Dry od and park land andpark Th in notonlythefood ere low-in willbe com Gulch bike path isjustoutside bike Gulch usebuildings p to theamphitheate wnt own . nve De , a , n ediblef b, hub, at r that E rate rate e andmarket but alsomany otherprograms to create r, r, ore will be pres will be which willhostoutdoor e st, n. n. nsportatio , a , anamphitheate re are nd there A busstop is immedia erved through thesite erved housing, alibrar The multiple pedestrian path multiple pedestrian re re r, r, is light rail access withinhalfa agricultural and ven y, y, ts and a tel design. y infro a nt nt s through of the 02 27 d&c | denver C ICITYT Y K IT TC KITCHENH E N design & community 28

CITY KITCHEN Food Kitchen City HubDesign Concept STORAGE COOLER /FREEZER PREP AREA TEACHING KITC COOKING LINE VENDORS HEN (MOBILE) AQ PLANTERS HYDROPONICS AEROPONICS UAPONICS City Kitchen Food Kitchen City HubDesign Concept MARKET The and social gathering/learning spac gathering/learning and social be soldhere. be The ra and withinthegree methods COM ENTRANCE ANDLOBBYENTRANCE p and thewalls willguideusersthrough thispr their salad came fromtheir saladcame urban w centra the entire pr establishes con expand Notopenness onlydoes theeducational reach ofthebuilding being unloadedfrom being theusercon design keep "back ofhouse"that tep the st greenhouse small space Foo Ent kitchen to prepakitchen re that da and serve GREENHOUSE 02 SPA TRAN TEACHING KITCH com As ng, and farmi Nei be able to take classesonc ableto be take to also viewable hy to cook healthy typical house. typical 01 EDUC allo meals. com and throu associa to The through theproces ro ser users en repreneurs starting theirown repreneurs starting s inthepr marke n, n, ductio greenhouse isloc ghboring thecommeghboring rci d will be prepare d willbe ws ws fo rds boa munity rds boa munity ore ised bed planti ised bed ve ve l gree RY MISARY Th od hub aims not only to act asashoppingcenter hubaimsnotonlytood act y. for ted ay. where itispro as a learning center as alearning fo s asa ace cente e layout space ofthemarket continualng. learni t space iswhere food displa willbe gh "gr Th hy withhealthy s. s. ter nhouse. anaquarium, Like fo inandsee look onecan , h , watch and oce are re share oce Sho e urbangard ow ow in nections between space nections ss ofthefoo ATI thepublicto promote owi to to re ss are foo ppers willseehowppers thef od cou od pro KITCHEN and selltheirown the lobby, . T . at that s of choosing rip s ofchoosing isusuallyhidden. "Windo d --allequipment is based onc ard ng bo d, d, ngs. k, duce moves from by thefarm truck, trucks direct from trucks direct rds hese boa cipes andideas cipes ate ON RENCY commissary coo commissary sold andser integral to theeduc ces EN rt withadailychangingmenubasedonwhoisc rt nhouse includeaquaponics d c eat share tipsandrec tinually reminded ofthisproce en alsoshow sed, st te isthe al kitchen ent ing andshopping. hy Healt oo d from for andto shoppers decrea ey they s" that teach what shoppers g, g, kin ral business in the industry can have can businessintheindustry ore ly, hy promote healthy e. e. are to "seedto ved tying thepiece tying nutrition, andotherhealthy d, d, Both pr Both e, e, , a , products greeted pre healthy vegetables andlaying outlow-cost onsite from thecom ow ow nd letthemkn ati particip ks pre ow s how far s andshows therel ood isgr paredev and s, fromipes s, peer ati ms, oce stomach." An iconic feature isthe rs on social andcom rs onsocial oce yed onal aspect ofthedesign,onal aspect there paring foodparing ws" n. n. aching kitche edible food gr be can ex by info stations . T . ssed andunproces he kitchen isviewable to thepublic he kitchen ss d. and sold. perience greenhouse twe be own on. serve It , s , r. s ofthedesigntogether. living oo , h , o they can see exactly where o they seeexactly can inthegarden and king appliances foundking ina ydr food ent for fresh pro ss -- they can observe food ss --they observe can ay that may se anxiety en spaces , t , what's inseason. . D . and how itisdelivered to isinseasonand oponics ually sold each about prod each about It also is a community alsoisacommunity It shoppers a ati tch mercial ki can be aff be can iagrams onthefloors d to teach familieshow onship throughout Her , r , subjects. ecipes, and od create od g, g, munal sharin e, e, , a , throu sed foo astation inthe nts participa own ero . B . duc ord re re ecause alls ecause , b , food ponics ineven ghout the en. guided e, e, Th ut it oo e, able, d will d inanew but also uction uction

is area The king king be be is no , will

and is 03

29 d& c | den ver C I TCITY Y KK II T TT C HKITCHEN E N design & com munity 30

CITY KITCHEN Food Kitchen City HubDesign Concept RAINWATER CISTERN ROOFTOP GARDEN GREENHOUSE FOOD COU AND CAFE ROOFTOP WIND TURBINES ENTRANCE UNITS RESIDENTIAL GREEN WALL MARKET RESIDENTIAL UNITS FA RT RM 03 FORM aeroponics only prov electricity red int -Daylight -Solar panels -Solar - T - w -Rain as well asreduce outsidew 04 SUSTAINABILITY The The buildings andwar for com pre ms to fitanurbanc ernal ligh ernal e, he Greenhouse, sent ucing lighting costs. fo se iconic buildingforms the bring architecture ofthebuildingisinspired by ati andassoci bining history , w , hile loo ate te ide on-site , p , , b , ing owe ts. ut alsoreduce r cisterns Th allo king to thefuture ofurbanandrural king te thesite ring ehouses and is displays thefood ws ws ont food wind turbines ce to to the space ext

roo , s , te to reduce to allow thesite production withaquaponics production uch as pa ate carbon dioxi carbon f-top gardens and offsetting ener ys ys on. r consumption to addmore self-sufficiency. tribute to thepastand both Ad grain silos, opting and modifying these opting andmodifying be fully lit during the day fullylitduring be withfew inanatural light while od/farm connection fullcyc connection od/farm genera de andtheheat. islandeffect Col barns , a , ora te te nd green walls gy gy storm w agricultur do agricultural cos , a , ts. , h , nd

ydr ate storeh e. e. oponics f, r runoff, le ouses.

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04 d&c | denver C IT Y KK IIT TTC H E N design & com munity Incubator Kitchen Food Hub Market Residential towers nity Center tion Center cessing & Distribu Total Market Outdoor Farmers Aggregation, Pro Greenhouse exagerrated by using a cost per spacevs.cost per square foot estimate. Using RS Means Construction Estimator the cost per aquare foot foranunderground parking garage would be$62.60/SF or $3.9M **Litman, Todd Alexander with Doherty, Erin.Transportation Costs andBenefits Analysis– Techniques, EstimatesandImplications,Victoria Transport Policy Institute (www.vtpi.org/tca); parkingcostsmay be parts of the food hub. http://www.reedconstructiondata.com/rsmeans/models/ * Costtobuildisan estimatethat combines estimated costof land assemblage and construction costs based RS Means Construction Cost Estimator tables for types of constructionsimilar to thecomponent Events & Commu Incubation Center Offices & Business Administrative Parking Development Program Food HubCore Components - - - 100,440 222,100 32,700 10,000 62,000 SF 4,000 3,000 5,000 5,000 N/A Parking 164 200 405 405 N/A 10 17 3 3 8 winery. arcade for specialty food retail (especiallyethnic food and prepared foods) anda brewery/ Direct-to-consumer grocery/market that actsas ananchor tenant. Hall also includes a vendor Full scalecommercialkitchen for processing food forsaletoconsumers(bothretail and whole large event spacewith access totheteaching/event kitchen. Flexible space with modular walls that may be converted to classrooms, meeting rooms and hicles forresidentsto offset parkingrequirement and encourage more sustainable lifestyles. access offsets, affordable housing offsets, etc. The site should include a fleet of carshare ve car chargingstations,shared parking for useswithdifferent hoursof peak demand,transit should begiven to parking offsets from car-sharing, bike parking spaces, a bike corral, electric the parking requirement comprehensively with a campus development proposal; consideration rated due to calculation method (calculated by component uses); wouldbebest to negotiate Federal Center). of the site’s proximity to transit and access to employment centers (Downtown, Auraria, the hub and densely concentrates residentsto create a criticalmassof activity and take advantage tial within the food hub footprint. The residential builds in a customer basetosupportthefood cups, etc. for use at festivals and other community events. clude bulk purchasing, storage andcollection(post-consumer) of compostable utensils,plates, food system benefitting independent andfamilyfarmers. cooperative activity, educate eatersandfocus on market development for a local, sustainable zations. Primary purpose to reduce overhead burdens for individualorganizations,stimulate ness incubationcenter and other food systembusinesses,non-profits and advocacy organi Administrative offices for the food huboperation plusshared services facility for a food busi events. destination itineraries related to cooking classes, demonstrations andcommunity or private sale); additional teaching/event kitchen to support nutrition education, productpromotion and Three twelve story, mixed income residential towers resembling grain silos plus some residen grading (andmay include state-of-the-art flashfreezer), loading docks.Storage shouldalsoin Cold anddrystorage, packing facilities, processing facilities sufficient for sorting, washing and Parking SF calculated as ~153 SF/space + drive aisles; parkingrequirements may be exagger owners which includethe new library andmixed use outlot development. An outdoorfarmers market operated by thefood hub in partnership with the adjacent property and black water on-site. fish onsite;may belinked to an anaerobicdigestoror livingmachineto processorganic waste access to fresh produce; may beused asateaching facility; may include aquaponics to grow A year-round productiongreenhouseto extend thegrowingseasonandensureyear-round residential) $19.1M (without food hub& parking);Parking - 62,000 SF - $12.9M(without food hub& Food Hub - 59,700 SF - $6.9M (without residential & parking);Residential - 100,400 SF- Description ------Estimated Cost (405 spaces@ $15K/ space = food hub park the residential the $6.9 M forthe $12.9M total - ing + $6Mfor ($191.07/SF) ($162.77/SF) ($113.78/SF) ($151.72/SF) ($207.30/SF) ($127.40/SF $6.9M-$39M ($91.28/SF) parking)** to Build* $12.9M $19.2M $490K $570K $760K $830K $1.3M $3M N/A - Tax credits, CDBG municipal bondproject, NMTC, EnterpriseZone Initiative, CEF FreshFood FinancingFund,future Foundation/grant, Colorado FreshFood Financing Private developers, CHAFA, DHA, Mile HighCon credits, CDBG Foundation/grant, NMTC, Enterprise Zone Tax Food Hub (grant, foundation, bondproject, indi parking (TIF, bond) financed withhousing assistance incentives); vidual donors, Colorado 4F); Residential (partner nects, HDAF prise Zone Tax credits,CDBG ect, NMTC, Enterprise Zone Tax credits, CDBG Zone Tax credits, CDBG Grant, future bondproject,NMTC, Enterprise Source Local Foods), Value Added Producers Organics, MM Local, LoCO Food Distribution, Foundation/grant/private partner (Door-to-Door Foundation/grant, EDA, OED, future bondproj credits, CDBG future bond project, NMTC, Enterprise Zone Tax Foundation/grant, Value AddedProducersGrant, Promotion Program tenants and property owner, Farmers Market Partnership with West SideLibrary, Mixed-Use Farms), SCFD, future bondproject, NMTC, Enter Foundation/grant/private partner (Circle Fresh Funding possibilities - - - - 31 CITY KITCHEN 32 **Source: http://www.denvergov.org/Portals/708/documents/FINAL_Denver_Moves.pdf rived from another source (see below) struction similar tothecomponentpartsoffood hub. http://www.reedconstructiondata.com/rsmeans/models/; cost tobuildshared-usepathand pedestrian bridge de * Costto build isan estimate that combinesestimated cost of land assemblage and construction costs based RS Means Construction Cost Estimator tables fortypes of con production gardens Edible Forest andon-site Enhanced bus stop Bike/ped path andbridge pad sites Mixed-use development Nature Center Outdoor amphitheater CITY KITCHENAgriculture Center Potential Components Development Program (continued) Campus BuildOut - TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD SF N/A N/A N/A DU 1:300SF; 2/ 1:300SF 1:300SF 1:300SF Parking

Large outdoorproduction gardens that provide an additional source of fresh food dur nearby low-income residents,andto facilitate on site water retention/drainage (LID). all edibleplants,trees and flowers to provide anoutdoor learningspace, foraging for Public Improvement -A large space (internal to theoverall site layout) landscaped with Costs wouldinclude stage, sound and lighting equipment. tures films,concerts, lectures,etc., and utilizes thetopographic features of thesite. plants. Project could include a toolbankfor urban farmers. able growing methods. Costs include accessory structures, tools,soil amendments and ing the growing season and functions as an outdoor classroom onintensive, sustain public restroomandcoffee cart to supporttransit riders. Public Improvement -An enhanced bus stop with extra amenities such as a newsstand, nearby transit stops (includingbus and rail). grid to support walking and biking and neighborhood access to shops,servicesand Public Improvement -Interior circulation, networkconnected to thesurrounding street for private development. Development sitesfor housingabove commercial office-retail development. To be sold An educationcenter focused on environmental issues. Public Improvement -A programmable outdoorclassroom and event spacethatfea family farmers. agricultural products. May house a cooperative development center for urban and small urban-rural partnership development with a seed bank and retail center for urban An educationand resourcecenter focused on agricultural research, farmer training, Description

- - - tion costs) site prepara sorbed into tion costs) (could be ab Negligible site prepara (absorbed by Negligible $127.56/SF - bridge** path; $1.4M shared-use $800K/mi - $191.07/SF $151.72/SF $151.72/SF Estimated Cost to Build* - - - District/Community CoordinatingDistrict tions/grants, CDOT, DRCOG; Denver Metropolitan nects, HDAF related businesses sorship fromDenver Broncos and othersports ship from Denver Broncos trict/Community CoordinatingDistrict; Sponsor Broncos Coordinating District; Sponsorshipfrom Denver tive; Denver MetropolitanDistrict/Community production company; Denver Metropolitan Dis GoCo, SCFD, foundations/grants, DPR, private (Denver Digs Trees), Mayor’s Million Trees Initia only if the produce may be sold), The Parks People GoCo, SCFD, foundations/grants, DPR, DUG (but District Metropolitan District/Community Coordinating bond project, Starbucks/private sponsors;Denver RTD, DRCOG, CIP/TIP, federal grants, municipal Bikes Belong Coalition, CIP/TIP, DPR, founda Private developers, CHAFA, DHA, Mile High Con from Denver Broncos GoCo, foundations/grants, SCFD; Sponsorship Agriculture, Rocky MountainFarmers Union;Spon Foundations/grants, USDA, Colorado Dept. of Funding possibilities ------hub, encompasses approximately 43acres. EasternDetroit Market, aterminal market/destination food marketing budget **Downtown Denver Public Market Feasibility Analysis, July 2010 – Minimum * Average Supermarket Costsas a Percent of Sales, FMI 2010 Net Profit(Loss) Total expenses Contingency Building fees, rent Greenhouse/Groundskeeping Other expenses Maintenance, taxes, insurance, misc. Marketing ($2.93/SF)** Cost of goods (wholesale) Cost of goods (market) wage andbenefitof cooperative business structure) Personnel + benefits (25%ofnetrevenue – assumes higher Expenses* Total Revenue Parking fees Other revenue, sponsorship CAM, Taxes andInsurance (@ $6.25/SF) Processing & Distribution Center (sales target $369/SF) Community Event spacerental monthly) Shared officespacerental(40 spaces @80SF/ea @$5/SF Incubator kitchen rental ($20/hr-20hr/day + $10/hr-4hr/day) $8,400) stall = $56,000; Weds April-Sept, 20 vendors @ $15/stall = Outdoor Vendor (weekends April-Sept, 20 vendors @ $50/ ($2.93/SF) Indoor Vendor Rent (100 @ $2500/yr)+ Marketing Charge Permanent Retail Anchor and Counters (sales target $500/SF) Revenue 5,000SF plus 12 large vendors @500 SF) Permanent Retail Anchor and Counters SF (1 anchor @ Number of Outdoor Vendors Number of Indoor Vendors Total Indoor Vendor Leasable Area(150SF/stall) Outlot/Pad Development Sites Total SF Grounds Kitchen, Teaching/Demo Kitchen,Distribution Center Total space -Food Hub Market & Vendor Hall,Incubator Total site area Proforma Table

$455,159 $10,241,586 $100,000 TBD $500,000 $344,000 $560,000 $175,000 $1,328,400 $4,560,000 $2,674,186 10,696,745 TBD TBD $104,375 $1,845,000 $36,400 $192,000 $160,600 $64,400 $293,970 $8,000,000 16,000 20 100 16,700 TBD TBD 59,700 2.79 ac/122K SF

33 CITY KITCHEN

Business Feasibility Study

35 CITY KITCHEN 36

11 10 andmixed-use development)Side Library plus currently being developed asthe the portion West site Kitchen incorporates High Mile Vista (excluding The development concept for theproposed City CITY KITCHENdevelopments centers entertainment andurban identifiesInstitute seven principles for destination adjacent businessesandvenues stay andinduce spending that drawactivities visitors, thelengthof extend The development creates massofusesand acritical surroundings, asillustrated inthetable bymarket, itsnature hasacatalytic effectonits A destination development likeapublic of Public MarketsCatalytic Effect Business Feasibility Study Institute, 1998 Centers. Washington,Entertainment D.C.: ULI–theUrbanLand Patrick S.Rubin. Urban L.Phillips; Developing Michael Denver Partnership, Inc, July 2010 Beyard, D.; Michael McLaughlin; Raymond E. Braun,; Herbert Table Source: Public Market Feasibility –Downtown Analysis 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ...... Abaseofovernight andday tourists drawn trip andcultural andrecreational Entertainment lengthofvisitandincreased Extended Broad ofconsumers appealacross aspectrum Regionally exclusive offerings that helpachieve Programmable venues andenhanced anchorswhosecombined Multiple “pull” draws established attractions by mixofofferings adistinctive andlinks with periods low-demand that during increaseactivities productivity consumer expenditures pervisit itineraries andchoices based onproviding ofconsumer avariety dominancemarket visitation consumer choices that encourage repeat diningandretailof entertainment, anchors) visitors from abroad region (ideallyanesting . . . . Theripple benefits to . . . The Land Urban . 10 below .

. 11 : zoned CMX-12 is approximately 2 Colfax cloverleaf interchange oftheFederal-currently consumed by aportion back oftheplazato Federal Blvd, aswell asland from extending the the lightproperties industrial safe food handling in lessonsandinstruction education, cooking The provides teaching kitchen aspace for nutrition Teaching Kitchen products other localfarm to source produce, meat, eggs, honey, and dairy Aggregation, Processing Center andDistribution entrepreneurs have wholesaleaccounts withthe space (that meetshealthcode regulations) cessing entrepreneurs kitchen withcommissary upfoodThe provides incubator pro- kitchen start Incubator Kitchen incorporate thefollowing centers: The terminal market/destination food hubwould would High bedeveloped ontheMile Vista site for theproposedfood Kitchen City hubactivities (which iscurrently understudy) of theremoval oftheFederal-Colfax interchange High the Mile Vista site andafuture phaseintheevent an initialphasethat results intheredevelopment of 6 5 4 3 2 1 ...... Afood andvendor market hall greenhouse Aproduction businessandcommunity Ashared services An aggregation, processing anddistribution Ateaching kitchen An incubator kitchen space) organizations, andflexible meetingandevent forshared food services system businessesand (that includesadministrativefacility offices, storage)center (withcold anddry . The concept proposes two phases, . . 79 acres or122,000SFanditis mayThis alsosupport kitchen . . The total site area . The primary facilities facilities The primary . Food .

the US isSeattle’s Pike Place Market. knownTerminal ofthebest One Market/ Food Destination Hubsin and copiers equipment suchascomputers, telephones, printers conference room space, aswell asshared office provides desks, office spaces, shared meeting/ businessincubation centerA shared services CenterBusiness Incubation within thefood hub catering for andprivate community events held restaurants various clients suchasinstitutions, schools and loaded onto refrigerated to trucksfor delivery storagestored unitsbefore incold anddry being Once food isready for itis wholesaledistribution already provided to prior arrival by apackinghouse andgraded here, wassorted not ifthisservice community inthesurrounding from andpackinghouses farms supply chainsthat leadto Denver Center istheterminal destination alongthevarious The Aggregation, Processing andDistribution Center Aggregation, Processing Distribution and and teaching kitchens the greenhouse inwinter andpower theincubator waste materials andgenerate heat to help warm building withanaerobic digester to process organic the growing season andaugmentsextension food suppliesoutsideof The Greenhouse provides education aboutseason Greenhouse, asalivingclassroom whichfunctions The centerpiece ofthefood hubisaProduction Greenhouse Production up anddevelopment activities may occupy to thestart- space here askeypartners business planningassistance andaccess to capital organizations that provide technical assistance, would benefitfrom co-location agencies orotherbusinessorganizations that cooperatives, satellite offices for government groups,advocacy non-profit organizations, business micro-entrepreneurs andfood securing . . .

Produce may beaggregated, washed, food housesstart-up The facility . . Ideally this structure isaliving Ideallythisstructure . .

. Businessesor . Food arrives .

the culture ofsurrounding members community international, ethnicofferings representative of focusfood ondiverse, vendors withaparticular provides stalls/counters for prepared specialty staples neededby area residents, the Vendor Hall addition to theanchortenants whoprovide the counter abutchermarket, counter anda dairy producetenants suchasaspecialty ormarkets several ways access to freshto-consumer andprepared food in The Food and Market Vendor Hallprovides direct- Food Market Vendor and Hall Daily Stalls (Detroit Eastern Market example) Leases (Detroit Eastern Market example) rates are asfollows: up food vendors forenterprise development start- entry andmarket vendor counters andstallswillencourage micro- stalls, variesby thepricing season vendors through leasearrangements, aswell asday Stalls andcounters willbemadeavailable to inMinneapolis andMidtown GlobalMarket Market destinations likeDetroitbe modeledafter Eastern draw ofthisdevelopmentbe aparticular anditwill made items may beprovided andfinehand for localartisans be dedicated to food limited production, space goods, florists, etc brewersspecialty orlocalvintners, spices, baked stalls/counters may alsoincludehoneyvendors, (Latino, Asian, African, JewishandItalian Tuesday Market: All others: Farmer: Tuesday (All) Market Specialty/Prepared Specialty/Prepared Dealer Farmer/Dealer Farmer

The Food and Market Vendor Hallwill . The Hallwillincludeseveral anchor

. Detroit Eastern Market rental Detroit Eastern Market . While thebulkofstallswill

$30 Daily $80 Daily $70 Daily $450 $880 $2,500 Summer $2,200 Y $1,980 Y $1,680 Y Winter . of The variety early early early early . The . In In .

37 CITY KITCHEN 38 typical work lectures, hours),andconcerts, typical films, and children’s educational programming (during business, dailyneedsshopping, lunchcrowds of itineraries dependingonthetimeofday – naturemultipurpose ofthespace suitsavariety and interaction (ambient entertainment) for visitors andencourage gathering community that willcreateteaching/demo kitchen) adraw (the amphitheater, events community center, andgardens) andprogrammablekitchen spaces hall, greenhouse, businesscenter, incubator the anchors(thefood andvendor hubmarket The proposedsite Kitchen planillustrates City consumer habitsconcerning how andwhere drivena dramatic by shift rapidly changing the landscapefor food retailing isundergoing Demand forDemand food stores surrounding the 12 grocers channels andare lessaligned withtraditional consumers have apropensity to shop across populationlarge indicates Millennial that these the influence of Farm to initiativesFork onthe people willshopfor groceries CITY researchThe mostcurrent industry of itineraries, shopping notjustgrocery it adraw for visitors andcustomers with avariety naturemultipurpose ofafood hubwhichmakes into bestcustomer categories andthe population ofthelarge Millennial to theentry of afood hub–changing spendingpatterns due Two thedevelopment support additionalfactors significant share market reliant, afood hubhasthepotential to capture are geographically isolated, transit andoften of competition andsince residents inthisarea KITCHEN to otherareascurrently leaking leaves aretail gapwithmore than$11Minsales stores ofgrocery inthisfoodshortage desert proposed site Kitchen approaches City $22M Retail Market Potential Market Retail AlixPartners, June2012. Mushkin, Scott, et al. Scott, Mushkin, “Trouble 5”. inAisle Jefferies . These emerging consumers multi-cultural .

. Evidence of Evidence of . Due to Due thelack 12 claimsthat .

. The . A entertainment (during evening (during andweekendentertainment classes,cooking shoppinganddiningoutfor different customers around theclockprogramming for many to developfacilities provides theopportunity Education Campus and nearby seniorhousing both familiesandsingles, theAuraria Higher withaconcentration neighborhoods urban of hours) including equipment, competition andfunding technical challengesto establishingafood hub to overcome anditsability within themarket as afeasible businessideadependsonitsplace preference ofdevelopment for type theeclectic The area’s consumer segments demonstrate a these areas capture afairshare oftheunmetdemand in Food Kitchen City asadraw Hubcould act and As adestination development, theproposed of$4Mforis asurplus food specialty stores for beer, wineand liquorstores, whilethere $97Mforof nearly food stores $8M andnearly stores exceeds $493Mwitharetail gap(leakage) minute distance), driving retail demandfor food aroundmile ring thesite (that iswithina15 the trade area indifferent ways including a3-5 isinterestingIt to note, that when examining Food Kitchen City Hub that comprise thetrade area for theproposed heavily represented intheconsumer segments processed food manufacturers storesdecade willbegrocery andbranded The research states that thelosersincoming retailers to adaptorperish shopping habitsandtheirsheernumberswillforce and income levels create difference adistinct in whose education are anindependent cohort lifestyles, andnatural variety products price) (andthisdoesnotalways mean are value-driven . They prize convenience, fresh food, healthy . Proximity to downtown tourists, dense .

. While catalytic, Kitchen City . .

. Millennials are Millennials . Millennials Millennials .

. space withinthefood hub retail A large food willanchortheprimary market terms ofaccess to additionalconsumer markets advantage overlocation adistinct othersites in access to theDenver Federal Center) give the Stadium andthelight rail line(whichprovides the Auraria Education Campus, Higher High Mile site’s andproximity highvisibility to downtown, proposed inthisplan are beingreplaced by singlesorsmaller familyunits decrease inhouseholds, larger familyhouseholds significant decrease inpopulation, yet onlyaslight Census demographics suggest that witha Census Demographics social andenvironmental) success will helpachieve bottom triple line(economic, worker andconsumer members that includescooperative ownership from producer, management for structure thefood hub, ideallyone goal shouldbeto develop acommunity-based the public, private andnon-profit sectors take considerable engagement community from partnership proposed by thisplandemandsapublic-private The scope oflandassemblageandredevelopment site tours, production, events ortailgating amphitheater programming, business activity, on- classes, outdoorcooking/nutrition recreation, shopping;theiritineraries maygrocery include Visitors may come to thesite for reasons otherthan goods handcrafted To alimited degree vendors may alsooffer fine, provide culturally relevant consumer attractions representative ofthepopulations livingnearby tamales, bakedgoods, pastaandotherdishes hub’s aswell incubator aspho, kitchen), sambusas, goods(madeinthefood dishes andpreserved and spices fresh fruits, vegetables, meats, dairy, eggs, honey and retail anchorswilloffer ofstapleslike a variety food to theSun Valley community complements themainmissionofproviding fresh of local, fresh, food prepared vendors andartisan with disaggregated counters andstallsfor avariety . Stalls or counters serving prepared Stalls orcounters deli serving . To to thisproject fruitionwill bring .

. Additionally, theproposed . Adiverse vendor hall . Such a structure Suchastructure . The vendors . . The .

Census data to categorize andsummarize US ESRI’s Tapestry Segmentation tool synthesizes Tapestry Segmentation distancedriving ofthesite distance ofthesite andbywalking 17 income is projected to increase by 18 represented inthisarea aswell from thesite drink domestic and imported wine and beer; wineandbeer; domesticand imported drink (LOHAS)Sustainability –theyeat out, workout, Renters tend to pursueLifestyles ofHealth and diverse, well-educated singleswhocomprise Metro (8 StreetMain USA(8 Metro Renters (16 distanceDriving (15minute) from thesite includes: (LOHAS)Sustainability exhibit preferences for Lifestyles ofHealthand lifestyles, enjoy diverse cultural experiences, and and Metropolitans whoenjoy active, urbane food agriculture service, andmanufacturing spendingandwork grocery who prioritize in NeWestlike Hispanic,family-oriented households of keyconsumers andpotential food hubworkers average is100) an indices ranging from 743-3,140(where theUS the USaverage, thesegroups are represented at (7 (25 NeWest Residents(31 Walking distance (15minute) ofthesite includes: trade areas break down asfollows: segmentsThe top fiverepresented tapestry inthe Top Tapestry Segments location iswithinaneconomic and/orsocialcenter location withinametropolitan area andwhetherthat physical features suchaspopulation density, size, city groups that considersummary geographic and also organizes USconsumers by “Urbanization” lifestyle issuessuchasaffluence andage into 12 “LifeMode” categories that consider life stage/ Consumer markets in anapproximate distance 15minute walking . . 4%) andOldNewcomers (6 (5 Set Security 4%) andSocial . 9%), Metropolitans (19 . Hispanic householdsare Hispanic heavily . It suggestsahighconcentration It . 3%), Metropolitans (10 . . The tool breaks USConsumers 5%), Industrious Urban Fringe Urban 5%), Industrious . 4%), Industrious Urban Fringe Urban 4%), Industrious . . . 3%), City Commons3%), City . Average household . 2%) . 8%) . Relative to . . 9% within 4% within . The young, . The tool . 6%), . 39 CITY KITCHEN 40 transportation modechoices) transportation groups access (whoalsoprioritize by alternative site Kitchen whichisaccessibleCity to these LOHAS householdsbodeswell for theproposed with theothertrade areas, theconcentration of of 450to 981(where theUSaverage is100) average, thesegroups are represented at anindex (9 Metropolitans (10 Metro Renters (15 segmentstop fiverepresented tapestry include as well asBeer, Wine andLiquorStores), the for Food andBeverage Stores andFood Services, (an area withahighdemandandretail leakage Within ordonutaround a3-5milering thesite average is100) represented at anindex of1019(where theUS travel andare considered to beliberal they are considered “foodies” orepicurean; they owners, gardening isafrequent activity are amongthese groups thenorm seekers whoread andtravelengaged, opportunity young families peopleandhardworking nesters to ethnicallydiverse, upwardly mobile range from older, affluent, white retirees/empty that definethese communities andmixofincomes connectivity neighborhood choice orby inlight necessity) ofthedensity, (by andbiking walking public transportation, CITYfor alternative including modesoftransportation individualswhofrequentlyhealth-conscious opt Residents are well-educated, typically physically fit/ to residentsand jobsare important intheseareas Proximity andconvenient access to shops, services diverse, denselypopulated, active,centers city groups withinthetrade area (save one)live within Not surprisingly, allofthetop 5Urbanization Trade Groups Urbanization Area and liberal politics alternativeconcerts, and classicmusic, publicradio conscious andbuynatural/organic foods, enjoy KITCHEN450; theyare health spenders, whoare particularly These householdsare represented at anindex of of Trendsetters householdsdon’t own avehicle . 6%) and Trendsetters (5 . . . 4%), Industrious Urban Fringe Urban 4%), Industrious . 7%), Main Street7%), Main USA(10 . 4%) . Eighteen percent . . Relative to theUS Incomes andages Incomes . Among property Among property . They are . . Energetic, . . 9%), As .

by infill, redevelopment, businessmix aneclectic emergingeclectic, transition areas characterized established, olderhomes, character-rich aswell as withacombinationto neighborhoods urban of its inherent orientation community are attracted proposed site distancearea, ofthe especiallywithinwalking is evident inthegroups that comprise thetrade populations), Hispanic immigration (particularly theme the trade areas, diversity remains thecommon As for thetop 5LifeMode groups represented in Trade Groups LifeMode Area segments tend to beyoung andeducated, diverse should concentrate on these groups for beer, wineandliquorstores, efforts marketing of $96,919,571for stores grocery and$7,832,039 Trendsetters Fringe,Metropolitans, Urban Industrious and segments includeMetro Renters, St Main the proposed food site, thetop five tapestry noting thataround inthe3-5milering isworth It assistance Security andSocial groups rely andseniorswhooften onpublic the site alsoincludeseconomically disadvantaged support resources tend to rely onlarger familyunitsfor mobile oraffluent be classifiedashard aspiring,working, upwardly in educational attainment, mostresidents may faceoften language barriers these samelevels ofeducational attainment and immigrants,residents, donotpossess particularly well educated, thoughconcentrated pocketsof and travel, are alsocommon Healthy, lifestyles active complemented by reading tend to groceries prioritize andchildren’s items out andotherpurchases, while family households income for dining discretionary entertainment, non-family households, there considerable is often individuals ofdifferent races andincomes singles, families, retirees/empty nesters and the site isnothomogenouseitherasitcontains area distance withinafifteen-minute driving of for socialgathering and opportunities . Denver’s status asa “gateway city” for . The trade distance area of withinwalking . Since thisarea alsohasaretail gap . Individuals who value city life whovalue city and Individuals . Those residents withfewer . . Despite disparities Despite disparities Residentstend to be . . These . The trade . , USA, . Among .

Detroit EasternDetroit market vendors Greenmarket NYC Midtown GlobalMarket

Source: ESRIBusiness Analyst Stores andDrinking Places) Services - excludingLiquor for (FoodStoresandFood Total retailleakage(+)/suplus(-) (excluding Drinking Places) Retail Gap:FoodServices Supply: FoodServices Demand: Food Services Total RetailGap:FoodStores $21,908,034 Total SupplyofFoodStores Total Demand forFoodStores Stores Retail Gap:SpecialtyFood Supply: SpecialtyFoodStores Demand: SpecialtyFoodStores Retail Gap:GroceryStores Supply: GroceryStores Demand: GroceryStores entertainment Consumer spendingon fromhomeaway Consumer spendingonfood home Consumer spendingonfoodat Entertainment Food awayfrom home Food athome Daytime employeepopulation Median HouseholdIncome Per capitaincome Average HouseholdIncome Households Trade AreaDemand 1,5,5 $57069 829286 $1,079,192,747 $872,982,806 $15,770,699 $12,252,957 $12,683,053 $16,248,468 $18,170,962 $10,760,560 $11,147,472 $1,045,459,676 $10,664,342 $845,693,885 $10,715,736 $14,567,293 $21,380,079 $11,317,984 $1,477,532,366 $1,195,206,890 $22,232,841 $17,273,737 $1,922,493 $431,736 $527,955 $96,218 15 minutewalk $1,799 $1,947 $2,745 11,966 15,909 50,502 27397 2010 6469 N/A 30,668 $2,139 $2,315 $3,264 18,782 60,051 2015 81 1,5 327,558 312,954 6811 $1,736,229,979 $1,271,733,086 $1,751,779,700 $1,482,348,326 $1,717,810,256 $1,490,477,451 -$699,958,823 -$464,496,894 -$235,461,929 -$227,332,804 $33,969,444 $25,840,319 -$8,129,125 6,3 569,936 15 minute drive15 minute 41,698 $2,717 $2,804 $3,840 28,755 67,183 2010 N/A 50,974 $3,192 $3,295 $4,511 33,723 78,927 2015

41 CITY KITCHEN 42 constitute thearea audience amongthediverse populations that lectures, willfindastrong films, and concerts offeringsurban likespecialty food vendors, classes, spacescommunity programmed witheclectic providing access to fresh, healthy, localfoods with suggests thatfacility auniquemultipurpose The ofthetrade area characteristics segments lawn andgarden anddo-it-yourself projects tend to befrugalandspendmore onfood at home, vitamins andexercise regularly individuals whobuynatural/organic foods, take in particular, are spendersandhealth-conscious beer, andhave aninterest intravel wineand to eat domesticandimported out, drink groups There isalsoaconcentration offamily-oriented activities urban positions whoseekouteclectic populations inprofessional andmanagement to note breweries the numberofcraft that have from outsideofthe trade area places,stores customers anddrinking are drawn distancedriving have aretail ofliquor gap(surplus) distance andwithina15minuteminute walking thetradeBoth area within anapproximate 15 $8,129,125 for food specialty stores of$227,332,804forgap (surplus) stores, grocery for Food Stores distance, there istotal demandfor $1,482,348,326 atLooking thetrade area withina15minute driving CITY foodspecialty stores of $10,664,342for stores grocery and$96,218for Within thiscategory, there isaretail gap(leakage) a total demandoffor Food Stores of$21,908,034 distance oftheproposedsite, Kitchen City there is Within anapproximate 15-20minute walking Retail Leakage &Surplus of thesite for thehardworking, residents industrious would create neededjobsintheimmediate vicinity destination development/terminal food market hub ofpotentialmarket consumers) retail gapfor food andbeverage stores andaniche KITCHENmile radius from thesite where there isasignificant broader focus trade onthe3-5 area (withparticular potential to income capture from discretionary the . The younger, groups tend tapestry urban . Within there isaretail this category . It alsoillustrates that It there is .

. It is important isimportant It . The familygroups . Investment ina . Trendsetters, .

. .

. to open West Corridor Rail site Kitchen fromCity the freeway, andsoon arterial convenient access to thehighlyvisible proposed ofthe 15minute distance,boundaries driving with consumers intheseareas food stores a retail of$4,149,744for gap(surplus) specialty and $7,832,039for beer, wineandliquorstores and of$96,919,571 fora retail food gap(leakage) stores $493,116,669 from Food andBeverage stores with This area shows apotential retail demandfor forthat are Food underserved andBeverage Stores a 3-5miledonutaround thesite contains areas Further examination ofthetrade area reveals that is adraw for beer, wineand liquorsales as adestination development anchorsince thearea andto function capitalize ontourism opportunities hops andincorporatingon-site brewery to acraft it opens will includeabeergarden brewer andcraft when End; The Source inRiNo, justoffthe PlatteRiver, the Denver Company, Beer Strange Brew and Wits to thePlatte River emerged in the trade area, particularly proximateemerged inthetrade area, particularly 1 Adestinationdevelopment like a public market, by itsnature hasacatalytic onitssurroundings, effect asillustrated in Table Source: Public Market Feasibility –Downtown Analysis Denver Partnership, Inc, July2010 the table that spend Percent of on nearby Shoppers retail 47% 60% 25% 58% . The food hubshouldconsider growing 1 above. . Marketing efforts shouldtarget efforts Marketing . These brewers includeProbst, Spent in Average Market . This donutfallswithinthe . $10 $29 $32 $71 n/a . Neighborhing Businesess Additional Spent at $12-$19 $20 $20 $9 .

Farmer’s Markets Report 3- Assessment of Five OR 2001, ORStateUniv. –Technical $50 and46%spending $10-$20 – Est.Avg of 40% spending $40- 2005, Duluth MN Farmer’s Market 2002, Project for Public Spaces ket, NewOrleans 2009, CrescentCity Farmers Mar ronto 2008, St.Lawrence Market, To Source - - Three viewsofWeaver Carolina Street market inNorth Technical for IssuesandRisks Food Hubs concept inthecontext oftheirregion to identify thestrengths ofthe andweaknesses andsupply,production andcompetition inorder equipment needs, funding mechanisms, local terminal, willevaluate operations requirements, Any food hubconcept, whethercooperative or Technical for Issues andRisks Food Hubs 1 assemblage, $6 investment of approximately $40M($2Mfor land The requires project revitalization acommunity spaces gathering spaces oriented andpedestrian infrastructure and with arobust mixofuses, programmable activity of a2 recommends theassemblageanddevelopment office facility and ashared services andvendormarket hall, incubator/teaching kitchen center, greenhouse, events community center, SF composed ofaprocessing anddistribution destination development food 60,000 hubofnearly This analysis proposes aterminal market/ move forward ormaintain the project it were usedto cobble together sufficient capital to hub inthisstudy, innovative fundingmechanisms no orlow rent/mortgage finance investment and/or community including studied received at leastsomeform ofpublic activate thedevelopment A synergy ofvendors andprogrammed spaces space at andactivity least20,000SFofmarket destination development food hubsincluded The casestudiesrevealed that themostsuccessful consideration destination development –isanimportant mass –thesheersize andscaleneededto be development/terminal food market hubs role indestinationof usesplay animportant nationwide reveals that size, scaleandmix A studyofexisting andemerging food hubs -FinancialOperations Analysis RDC5091434 http://www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/getfile?dDocName=STELP . 8 acre campussurrounding thefood hub .

. 9M for thefood hubandoutdoor .

. In almost every food almostevery In . Many ofthefood hubs . The proposal . .

. Critical Critical .

that leverages numerous andcreative funding proposal assumesapublic-private partnership use development oftheremainder ofsite way for additionalprivate investment inthemixed This investment initialcommunity would pave the residential towers proposed intheconcept plan) recreation/production facilitiesplus$32Mfor the 13 Colorado consumption oflocalfood to 25% analyze ofashift thepotential impacts Colorado Shumanto commissioned Michael consumption at around 1% produced inthestate ofthefood thevast majority Colorado exports contribute income to thedevelopment space rental could andotherattractions also centerwholesale distribution approximately $1 and approximately $370/SFgenerating $8M ingross revenue from function themarket square foot ofapproximately $500,generating foodterminal market hubwould needsalesper To besustainable, adestination development/ consumermeet urban demand? to products sustaintheoperationother farm and Where willthefood hubsource produce, meat and ofafood andsustainability hubis: the viability Perhaps questionto askabout themostimportant chain Local production/supply food dividends to cooperative members/owners food system infrastructure development and benefit includingjobs, program expansion and a cooperative for businessstructure community a profit $500K ofnearly to be reinvested through revenues of$10 the potential ofthesite to operate withgross mechanisms a 25% shift would createa 25%shift more than31,000jobsin Colorado. February 2012 andHow County for Boulder to Realize Them”. Transition Shuman, Michael. “The 25% Shift: Benefits of Benefits 25%Shift: Shuman, Michael.Food “The Localization . The studyshows that thetotal demand . The proforma analysis indicates . 7M andexpenses of$10 . 8M ingross revenue from the . Estimates putlocalfood . 13 . Recently, Transition The studyfound that . Programming, 1 . . 2M for . This . . 1

43 CITY KITCHEN 44 that inColorado there are justunder32Macres of 14 firststepbe acritical for any food hubdevelopment hub that would needto precede food aterminal market plan to guidedevelopment oftheinfrastructure The city, region, andstate lackafood system strategic many othergroups Plains FoodHigh Cooperative, We Don’t Waste and CITY Council, Farmers Mountain Advisory Rocky Union, Proud, Food Real Colorado, theState Food Systems ofAgriculture/ColoradoColorado Department (comprehensive plan update), USDA, CSUExtension, Community Planning &Development Department the Denver SustainableFood Policy Council, Denver’s collaboration willbeneededbetween Denver Seeds, steps to aidthelocalfood shift challenges ingreater detailandeachpropose next Assessment andtheShumanstudyillustrate these Colorado Regional Foodas theNorthern System pose challengesto year round supply Colorado’s growing climate season andshort dry KITCHEN at anincreasing andknowledge farms pace annually dwindling supplyofnewrecruits meanwe losemany small scaleproducers thatlike foodsupported hubsandpackinghouses We have dismantled thefood system infrastructure (withappropriatefarmland soilsandwater rights) production Colorado faces anumberofchallengesto localfood operatorsage ofprincipal is57 23%arenearly between 50-179acres inthestatefarms are between 10-49acres, while operators farms/ranches is853acres withatotal of60,684 orranchesland infarms The National Agricultural Statistics Service ($30B) for food inthestate represent more ofthetotal thantwo-thirds demand andforeign sourcesexports exports (federal, state, local),capitalinventory, domestic from varioussources includinggovernment for Central food Colorado inNorth exceeds $20 Agriculture. 2012 January Profile”. of Agriculture, of Department ColoradoUS Department NationalAgricultural “Colorado Service, Statistics Agriculture . Developing asource ofproducers network will . Alittlemore than25%ofindividual . Urban growth Urban pressures consume viable .

. Aging anda farmers . The average size ofthe .

. Ongoing study and Ongoingstudyand .

. These . Studies such Studies such . The average 14 finds . 5B .

restaurants, institutionsandgovernment the bulkpurchasers suchasschools/universities, developmentmarket willbeneededto identify crops andaggregate produce coordination amonggrowers to plant highdemand able to access competitively markets withoutgreater meet localdemand ofsupplyneededto andtheconsistency capacity in Denver development program tableto approach $34M) costs (which areconstruction estimated inthe aswelldesign andconstruction, assite design and costs includeengineering for retrofit intersection in theevent ofapublic-private partnership development to helpoffset landassemblage costs 75-100K SFofgovernment-owned landfor there is thepotential to pickupapproximately removal oftheColfax-Federal interchange proceeds at value afairmarket owners would bewillingtomultiple property sell willcost approximatelylow-end $2Massumingthat offunding is theprospect challengefor ofthismagnitude aproject A primary Funding to move thisplan from anideato areality willbeessential public-private partnership/champion Ongoing strategic planningandtheformation ofa the significant investment inthe Rail Corridor West that willensure that capitalizes thecommunity on that thesevariablesare andopento ripe bigideas of food system infrastructure planning/investmentcommunity anddevelopment reaching anddependent onpoliticalwill, significant the surrounding area jobs andfresh food andcatalyze investment in for gathering, community provide access to good enhance openspace andopportunities of support), capture newresidents (that buildaconsumer base presents aconcept withthepotential to draw visitors, market/destination development food hub conceptual analysis ofthefeasibility ofaterminal This feasibility studyandconcept planprovides a Strong Strategic Planning . It will be critical to assess production to willbecritical assessproduction It . Small-scale producers will not be Small-scaleproducers willnotbe . However, theideasare far- . If intersection redesign intersection If and . Landassemblageat the . The goodnews is . Additionally, wholesale .

. . It It . Other Other .

Colorado cattle ranch Anaerobic digesterAnaerobic Green buildingtechnology -windandsolar Necessary ITsolutionsinclude: Necessary to manageday to day operations ofafood hub information technology that would beneeded on,considerationEarly shouldbegiven to the management forinformation Infrastructure of cooperative development technical assistance andaidthelogistics would needto beengagedto providepartners enterprise to launchacooperativepublic-private partnership Street provide Market excellent templates for and models likeDetroit Eastern Market Weaver public investment that thisproposal would require, forstructure afood hub to ensure thesuccess ofacooperative business stakeholderengagementEarly willbeimperative Management Food HubCooperative BusinessStructure/ metropolitan area throughout Denver, theseven-county Colorado sales andusetaxisdedicated to cultural facilities Cultural Facilities for which1/10of1% District and such afundingmechanismistheScientific from to farms tablesto food waste finance alongthe projects food system spectrum be limited to retail grocery expansion, butwould food system infrastructure expanded fundingmechanismfor comprehensive expansion, consideration shouldbegiven to an With theadvent ofthe4FFund for fresh food retail to move produce from to farm city investment infood system infrastructure sufficient to any food hubdevelopment inDenver isan Well beyond thescope ofthisproject,butessential • arehouse • • •

back haulingplans Anywhere -$4,500 for afleet of3trucks)and route planning technology (likeRoadnet W Supply Internet Billing

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Hazard Analysis Control Critical Point (HACCP) will be Practices (GAP), Handling Practices Good (GHP), and key educationand bestpractices andapplication willbe producer willimprove practices efficiencies between wholesalepurchaser requirements and confidence willbeneeded Food safety andconsumer healthprotection and adequateand producer support ofenduserrequirements Understanding transportation that canbecost-prohibitivetransportation experienced with processing, or distribution foodto existing operations hubfunctions certain sourcing produce supplies andyear-round production/ willbe neededto ensure adequateother partners retail locations) for supplychaininfrastructure (vehicles, storage, A food hubrequires significant investment capital hub economic efficiency ofthresholdscaleUnderstanding forfood ofthesite including: sustainability to mitigate energy expenses andimprove the incorporate numerous green buildingtechniques to though, there isconsiderable opportunity extreme Building energy consumption inafood hub canbe Building energy consumption members willbeneeded umbrella insurance liability for producer andvendor standards and otherindustry for agricultural training programs inthesepractices essential at aminimum • • •

. while capturing heatwhile capturing andbiogasfor fuel digester that processes thesite’s organic waste geothermal Daylighting Cogeneration Green Producer Agricultural understandingofGood . . In planningfor In ground-up construction, It may bemore It efficient to contract for

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45 CITY KITCHEN 46

telephones, projectors, screens, projection white computers, shared printers/copiers, faxmachines, CITY CenterIncubation willrequire desks, office chairs, To theBusiness facility asashared services function Center Administration &BusinessIncubation refrigerated truckswould beneeded center incorporates system, afleetof1-3 adelivery for washing, grading sorting, andpacking shelving, fork lifts,andsinks, conveyors andcounters goods that require storage flashfreezing), dry walk-in refrigeration, ablastfreezer (for perishable The Processing Center andDistribution willrequire Processing Center &Distribution KITCHENproduct www planning tool onthefollowing website: http:// equipment kitchen an Energy Star commissary down kitchen of acommissary be considered to keeptheintensive energy costs heating devices) far aspossiblefrom ovens, griddles andother and freezing equipment shouldbelocated as (refrigerators, ice machinesandothercooling operations usersandfor by kitchen energy savings for efficient important layoutKitchen isparticularly appendix for arecommended listofequipment) appliances to blenders, potsandpans(seethe amount ofequipment ranging from large requires kitchen aconsiderableA commissary Kitchen Incubator/Commissary Equipment Requirements . energystar . showProductGroup&pgw_code=CKP . . gov/index Energy Star appliances should . cfm?fuseaction=find_a_ . The EPA offers . . If the the If .

modular walls that caneithercordon smallerspace The Event Center shouldbeaflexible space with Event Center refrigeratorsink, andmicrowave area shouldalsoincludeashared break room witha boards, andconference room tablesandchairs Laboratory or similar subject matter experts orsimilarsubject Laboratory representatives oftheNational RenewableEnergy formed to implement thisconcept shouldinclude development agriculture,urban renewable energy andinfill lends itselfto campusfor alearning sustainable zero design consumption thebuildingshouldstrive for net- which isprone to flooding stormwater andpromote biofiltration inthisarea incorporate development low impact to manage the incubator kitchen waste materials andgenerate gas/heat to power building anon-site anaerobic digestor to process best practices renewable energy andothersustainabledesign to integratekitchens, itwillbeimportant avariety Given theintensive energy demandsofcommissary Program Sustainability On-site Renewable Energy & conferences andotherlarge gatherings aids andotherequipment sufficient for receptions, This space willalsorequire chairs, tables, audio/visual or beremoved to openthespace for large events . The proposed design ofthesite . . Any public-private partnership Any public-private partnership Consideration shouldbegiven to . Site design features should . To reduce energy . . .

. . The

North. year 1880s ironworks ina26,000square-foot, next building inRiver roof, when theSource, European an indoor market, isunveiled early coffee: allofthatand much more willexistunderoneenormous Craft beer, cured meatsandcheeses, bread, chocolate, wineand community (below). member (above) andtomato plantsinthegrowing space provided for workshop aquaponics An attheGrow HausinElyria-Swansea Photo credit: Lori Midson 15 1880s andoriginally usedasanironworks facility 60-footsoaring ceilings was inthe constructed district RiNo Warehouse) at 3350Brighton Boulevard inthe (onthesite structure oftheformerindustrial Bud’s beer garden andbrewery arestaurant,demonstration kitchen, winebar, cheese, localhoney, and a florist), commissary ofvendorsvariety (meat/butcher counter, artisan that market willincludea is aplannedartisan competition for project Kitchen theCity The Source whenitsdoorsopenwillbetheclosest The Source are in described efforts greater detailbelow Santa Fe District Arts Alameda andDenver Homesteading Urban nearthe include theAsian marketplaceFederal at South and close to competition for project Kitchen theCity in July2010 completed aPublic Feasibility Market Analysis made public incubator), thoughdetailshavekitchen notbeen the former Enterprise Center (thesite ofafailed Current for planningisunderway afood hubin GrowHaus (intheElyria-Swansea neighborhood) including and The Sourcedistrict) (intheRiNo The the move toward food hubdevelopment inDenver, developments illustrate andpastplanningefforts condominiums high-density and vegetable terminal, isunderredevelopment as Denver hub asproposed by doesnotexist thisproject in a destination development food orterminal market of becoming destination developments around Denver that helpaddress food access short at onetime competition ifallthecomponents are developed lackssignificant project The Kitchen City Competition orPartners the_source_denver_european_market_crooked_stave.php following links:http://blogs.westword.com/cafesociety/2012/04/ More The informationabout Source foundusing the maybe . The once Denargo Denver’s Market, fruit . . However, there are several projects . Existingdevelopment that comes . The with structure 26,000SFbrick The Downtown Denver Partnership 15 . These andplanning projects . It occupies aniconic It . However, emerging . . The Source Currently . . .

throughout thesite) willfoster auniqueshopping (allowingwhole facility imbibers to walk and mingle within thesite andaliquorlicense that covers the market asDenver’sthe project first European-style indoor across thePlatte Riverfrom thissite) have billed (the developers of Taxi, alive work community Father-son andKyle developers Mickey Zeppelin community involvementcommunity in the process including and itsgrowth by ismarked ahigh degree of meeting space the front ofhousespace into and apublicmarket of thefacility to occupies beinstalledteaching theheart kitchen system created aclosedloopaquaculturestaff andpartners lettuce) vegetable inparticular production, suitable for growing for (usedprimarily hydroponic renovations to develop anoperable greenhouse few years hasundergone extensive thefacility greenhouse for Lehrer’s florist The occupies project thesite ofaformer cooling and York inDenver’s Elyria-Swansea neighborhood at 47 aquaponics facility urban community-driven The GrowHaus isanexperimental, non-profit, The GrowHaus might from arise anintensive food operation hours ofoperations, noiseandotherissuesthat setting willeliminate created nuisance conflicts by accessible for suppliersandvisitors willmakeiteasily the freewaynetwork andarterial to spendonuniqueofferings the lengthofstay at thesite andinducingvisitors draw from overlapping markets, whileextending destination development to theability ensuring spaces andincorporatesactivities gathering well-designed combines arobust ofvendors/programmed variety as well Denver residents, buttourists and regional visitors and diningexperience . . . . toThis iscritical successful trifecta The site treats food asentertainment, A “Growasis” center learning withasoon Planned gatheringspaces community . Recently, volunteers transformed . The GrowHaus continues to evolve, . It willbeadraw notjustfor It . The site’s proximity to . Over thepast Over . The industrial . The . th .

47 CITY KITCHEN 48 and nutrition educationand nutrition classes featuringkitchen healthy demonstrations cooking demonstration garden will feature aswell market, a farmers asanon-site and foodorganizations security center for 30international development nonprofits Denver RailwayCo City building, into acommunity inFivea 25,000SFstructure Points, theformer ofnonprofita variety organizations will transform The with Denver inpartnership Housing Authority project DHA HorseBarn with approximately 70indoorandoutdoor vendors recommends alarge anchorretail space (5,000SF) provided to withoutcost the market space, located onorcloseto the16 with25,000SFofleasable vendorSF market The studyrecommends development ofa40,000 city’s core for isripe development publicmarket Feasibility Analysis findings concluded that the The Downtown Denver Public and Market (Feasibility Analysis) Downtown Denver Public Market andhealthy food opportunity and businessesto needsfor meetcritical access to work to complement andengagecurrent residents currently occupies andthey theneighborhood and staff oftheGrowHauscharacteristics mission,Board empowerment andcollaboration are defining justice, environmental sustainability, community energy costs maintain regulate temperatures andoffset heating/cooling system intheirdesigns to help mission, theGrowHaus includedageothermal and goodnutrition to teach residents andyouth aboutgrowing food inseedtodays tableprograms andparticipants health ambassadors, volunteers onconstruction CITY asanonprofitstructured andhousedinabuilding KITCHEN . The isconscientious project aboutwho . Grass roots partnership, social . In keeping with their visionary keepingwiththeirvisionary In . It willincludeacommercial It . . .

The building th . Street Mall, The study .

. dramatically alter theway peopleshopfor food best customer categories for food purchases will whoare that movingpredicts Millennials into the agriculture, chickenandgoat keeping, beekeeping awiderange ofclassestoconduct promote urban of Downtown Denver chicken coops located Santa Fe onSouth south food andhandmadegoodssuchasfibers food hubandeducation center for locallyproduced center, Denver Homesteaders Urban isagrass roots and market farmers Billed asanurban “reskilling” Denver Homesteading Urban leases/2012/TroubleinAisle5_062712.pdf 16 http://www.jefferies.com/CMSFiles/Jefferies.com/files/PressRe products the potential for rapid growth ofnewconcepts/ and sustainablyproduced food that translates to tomothers) are more ashift driving locallysourced (particularly suggeststhat Millennials The article thatand theproducts stores stock inthefuture publication titled, “The Trouble in Aisle Five” at handdriven by several factors A move away from conventional stores grocery is Stores Grocery itemsgrocery andauthentic, restaurants specialty culturally unique offerings,relevant particularly Asian descent, aswell asothervisitors seeking Alameda Square makeitadraw for residents of of businessesat andnearby thisintersection shops, restaurants andgrocers of thecity’s top destinations for ofAsian avariety S Alameda MarketplaceAsian Federal at and agricultural practices with analternative to conventional, industrial independent food system that provides consumers are committed to growing asustainable, local, skills and otherselfsufficient living . Federal Boulevard and W . . . Organizers and partners Organizers andpartners . Alameda Avenue isone . The concentration . A recent industry Arecent industry . The owners 16

- . distribution without aterminating market. in othersthecoop isframed around acoordinating structurefor (analternatiovedistribution ofgoods store), to agrocery while and health.Insomecases, coops manageaphysical site for local economic development, businessoperation, independent structure basedonshared values aroun justice, social fair trade, Food cooperatives engagethecommunity inanownership Profit COGS expenses Total operating expenses Other Insurance Taxes andlicenses repairs Maintenance and Supplies Utilities amortization Depreciation & rentalsProperty Employee benefits Total payroll Supermarket Costs asaPercent ofSales Food Marketing InstituteAverage Cost Percent ofSales 70 26 11 1 4 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 1 ...... 9 3 3 4 7 4 4 8 6 . . . 7 3 2 17 Source: Community Funding Practices Best Models White by providing inthedistrict alocalfinancing vitality business concepts that willenhance economic corporations including cooperatives andcommunity-owned through ofcommunity-based models, avariety local residents to invest innewbusinessconcepts development inadistrict smallbusiness Community capitalfundssupport Community Funding BusinessModels capital to move the proposal to reality to cobblesectors) together thefinancialandhuman (inthe public, private andnonprofitlocal partners from national, toand extends support state and begins fundingbusinessmodel withacommunity demandscooperationproject andcollaboration reality workable to abigvisioninto turn a funding opportunities appears daunting, itopensthedoorto many site place surrounding theproposed development into afood oasis, hadto thisproject consider the a break even point a site arunnumbersto determine feasibility and these issues, thisproposal could notsimply pick a lackofaccess to fresh healthy food isolation, and economic andlanguagebarriers defined a community by geographic andsocial market road mapfor adestination development/terminal point, a of theproject,thisdocument isthestarting programming andstaffing considerations development, suchas market planning, aswell andoperational asconstruction extensive planning, landacquisition, site design and concept proposed by thisfeasibility study andbusiness trueinthecaseofproject isparticularly It afood hubisacapital-intensiveStarting prospect Paper, Progressive UrbanManagementAssociates Funding aFood Hub . While at firstglance, thisbroad perspective . It illuminates apathway It for outofpoverty . The proposed food hubconcept requires . These two modelsoffer viable . Successful implementation ofthis . To transform thisfood desert . Suchafundmobilizes . Despite themagnitude . In light of In . 17 . It It .

between producers andthewholesalemarkets) isto provide function abridge (whose primary the food Development hub), Market Manager ofthevariouscomponentsthe Managers of (whooversees Manager Market astaffincluding operations includes aBoard ofDirectors, a The general ofthefood structure hubbusiness development solution, whichmay advance grass roots economic retail businessesincluding restaurants, department large benefits the at community products, whichfurther otherlocalbusinessesand owned stores support democratically controlled ensures that thebusinessremains locallyand may notbeowned by an out-of-towner, which who buyshares inthebusiness are localstock corporations, owned by residents businesses have apersonalincentive to invest intheirfavorite meet specificlocalneeds owned corporations are designed by residents to Community-owned Corporations. Community corporationcommunity-owned oracooperative ofa founders as would ofthefacility becustomary shouldbecraftedandvettedstructure by the of thefood hubmanagement andoperations and merchandising plan applications consistent withthefood hub’s mission Committee reviewsSelection andapproves vendor asthefoodact hub’s spokesperson manage budgets, handlepublicrelations and strategies, manageadditionalstaff, propose and the food hub, develop andoutreach marketing oversees Manager The Market operations of government relations andfinancial oversight development andmaintenance, and community and promotions, event programming, website suchasmarketing otherfunctions performs (which includesthe Vendor Committee) Selection and a Vendor Committee Selection . This modelcanbeappliedto many of types . Community-owned corporations Community-owned . . The precise definition . Local customers may . Typically, community- . Generally, stock . . The Board The Vendor .

. 49 CITY KITCHEN 50 a community-owned,for-profit store run by a The Merc was formed by localtown leadersas This fairtrade store isfullyfunded by thecommunity organization undertheumbrella ofLaPuente, Milagros Coffee Houseis considered anenterprise building”, whichhousesotherbusinesses also gives back7 Not onlyisthebusinessfunded by thecommunity, it ofKizuri’spart missionisto educate thecommunity committedin thebusinessare to very fairtrade and through alow-interest, 8-year loan http://experiencespokane • awareness ofhungerandhomelessness further provides exposure for LaPuente andpromotes welcoming environment for and thecommunity oversees theoperations volunteers Alamosa andisrunby bothpaidemployees and Luisin theSan Valley immediate community needsoftheunderprivileged programs whichendeavors andservices, to meetthe café isto provide revenue LaPuente’s to support a non-profit organization http://www • the needsoftheirclientele andtakesspecialcare to meet service not inaway character distinctive that achainstore could downtown andhascontributed to thecommunity’s jobs withinthelocaleconomy, helpedto revitalize modelhaskeptspendingand –owned community funding over $400,000instart-up 800 ofthetown’s 5,300residents, whichgenerated Shares were soldin$500increments to more than manager andoverseen by aboard ofdirectors he • social purpose which applymarket-based strategies to achieve a corporations are socialmissiondriven organizations, stores andbookstores

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for broad involvement community inownership Cooperatives. The cooperative isdesigned structure has grown by 40%since thenwithplansto Plains FoodLaunched in2008,theHigh Cooperative for afullyrefundable share intheownership of purchase makeaone-time typically Individuals infrastructure advantagesand/or distribution benefits from having wholesalebuying, marketing ops operate asnon-profit organizations and members andbuildsocialcapital operate basedonidealsandtenets that benefit and management paid employees (anaccountant/administrator anda fee isaddedto eachorder invoice andfrom consumer-buyer members, a10% members, a15%fee from isdeducted eachsales feea transaction from members–for producer and 260buyer members currently maintains 50farmer/producer members development ofafood hubinDenver withthe goal oftheexpansion planisto partner developmentmarket capacity andproduction plans willfocus onandimproved distribution, continue itsexpansion • operation, addingsignificantly to operational costs cited asimpediments to efficient store grocery transience andtheft conventional store grocery inemployee isareduction a cooperative food businessesmay provide over a benefits methods andotherenvironmental orhealth business operation, organic/sustainable production trade, localeconomic development, independent cooperative whichusuallyincludesocialjustice, fair memberswhosharecommunity thevalues ofthe cooperative to runfor aseat onthemanaging board ofthe cooperative anditsprograms) and theopportunity their dividendsothat itmay bereinvested inthe ownersto(often waive are given theopportunity discounts, patronage dividendsinprofitable years the cooperative

High Kansas/ColoradoFront Range

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Cooperatives generally (co-ops) Cooperative . These two issuesare frequently . Grant-funded expansion . The cooperative takes . The HPFCmaintains 2

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. One . High Plains Food Cooperative Weaver Street Market a cooperative membershipof16,000consumer and Founded in1988, Weaver Street now serves Market Denver andtheColorado Enterprise Fund (CEF), Finance Authority, of withtheCity inpartnership financing structures with othersources ofcapitalto create flexible The NMTCs generate private whenleveraged equity private investment communities inunderserved economic development tool designed to encourage New Market Tax Credits (NMTCs) are afederal New Markets Tax Credits (NMTC) gutter andsidewalks infrastructure improvements and curb likeparking, be captured to offset costs associated with on-site revenue development generated may property after where theincrementFinancing ofincreased tax (TIF) siteKitchen to adevelopment suchastheproposed City ofpublicfinancing tools mayA variety beapplicable Tax Increment Financing (TIF) Public Finance Strategies employ approximately 300people community annuallyinthelocal $16M ineconomic impact activities community schools andaradio station aswell asotherworthy Fund affordable housing, whichsupports local andCommunity Investmentfoods), abakery locations, arestaurant, aFood House(for prepared co-op, Weaver Street operates Markets 3 market $250K innetprofits 2011, gross profits approached $27Mwithnearly between worker owners andconsumer owners worker memberowners eaver • budget ofapproximately $120,000 home delivery satellite sitesthirteen for inadditionto distribution centeroperates incentral asorting Denver and roles includingroute managers food credits of$25-$75for assistance invarious driver), while approximately 20volunteers receive

W multiple locations in North Carolina multiplelocations inNorth

Street . . These strategies include Tax Increment Weaver Street collectively Markets . The HPFChasanannualoperating

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. The Cooperative generates

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Ownership issplit50-50 Ownership

. The Cooperative . . . In In .

Municipal bondsallowMunicipal government agenciesto project Municipal Bond neighborhoods inlow-incomeamount impact ofcommunity allocation inamannerthat leverages themaximum The CGR Fund iscommitted to deploying itsNMTC (CGR) Fund, LLC, aCommunity Development Entity formed theColorado Growth andRevitalization 19 18 estate purchases long term fixed rate financing for commercial real When fundingisavailable, CHFA canalsoprovide capital loansthrough theColorado Credit Reserve nonprofits withlendersthat areworking making For capitalneeds, working CHFA canconnect real estate through projects Mini-bonds Nonprofit nonprofits access tax-exempt rates for commercial CHFA’s BusinessFinance team canhelplarger Colorado Housing&Finance Authority (CHFA) guaranteed by ofissue thegovernment agency housing facilitiesandparks building construction/renovation, biketrails, immediate fundsare notavailable, suchaspublic agencies to fundpublicinterest for projects which funded project exempt, of althoughthiswilldepend onthetype that isreceived by thebondholdermay betax- sum whenthebondreaches maturity or receives bothinterest andpayment inonelump investedon theprincipal until thebondmatures, bondholder, receives interest periodic payments from thetimebondisissued capital project,orspent withinthree to five years bond mustbespent at onetimeontheintended by law, from moneycollected thesaleof value for privately fundedprojects is usuallydetermined at arate lower thanmarket contractually specifiedtimeperiod a fixed oramountvariable ofinterest withina who promises repayment plus oftheprincipal lends moneyto theissuer(i issue debtthrough publicinvestments http://www.chfainfo.com/ http://www.chfainfo.com/business/nmtc/nmtc.icm . Municipal bondsallow Municipal government . 18 . 19

. . Municipal bondsare Municipal e . thegovernment) . The investor, as . . As required The interest . The interest . An investor . . .

51 CITY KITCHEN 52

20 received onthebondwillprobably have the the bondshouldbeaware, however, that interest exempt bondto thelender the landwhichispurchased involvedactively inagricultural on production and resident ofthestate ofColorado, whois make approval asinany otherloanthey isnecessary CITYdoes notguarantee oftheloan),their any part (CADA100% ofthecapitalandrisk qualify withalender $62,500 for usedequipment $450,000 for equipment newfarm and upto up to $450,000for agricultural property, upto CADA’s Beginning Farmer Loan Program provides (CADA) Colorado Agricultural Development Authority underpartnerships Connects High forprosperity communities ofcolor andeconomic centercommunity activity KITCHENthat promotes ofhealthoutcomes, avariety may beattracted to afood hubdevelopment Enterprise Foundation andLiveWell Colorado the Denver Foundation, Permanente, Kaiser Health Foundation, Gates Family Foundation, millions Grants range from afew thousanddollarsto the potential award size andmissionalignment attractive foundationsare dueto particularly sustainability line ofenvironmental, economic andsocial whichincorporateprojects bottom atriple development offood those systems, particularly at anational level to promote sustainable foundations andotherorganizations working Program, andthe Value Added Producers Grant), programs (suchastheFarmers Promotion Market hub funders contains acomprehensive listofpotential food The Regional Food HubResource Guide Grant Programs &Foundations/Funders Grants/Loans PRDC5097957 http://www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/getfile?dDocName=STEL . The borrower mustbeabeginning farmer . Local foundations includingColorado . The listincludesfederal grant . Kresge, WK KelloggandSurdna . Since thelenderprovides . Abankpurchasing . . CADA issuesatax- Aborrower must . . See: Mile Mile See: 20 .

Program may withthe beusedinconjunction on thebond to thelender, thereby becoming thepayments payments ontheloanare assigned by CADA to fundhis orherproject the bondwillpassthrough CADA to theborrower income tax purposes havethat thebankmay available otherwise for effect of reducing theinterest expense deduction established in 1976 that provides microenterprise The Colorado Enterprise Fund CDFI isacertified Financing Initiative Colorado Enterprise Fund –Healthy Food access goals prosperity andcommunity conventional grocer andachieves bothfresh food provide analternative format that resembles a Worker- andconsumer-ownedcooperatives may that create challengesfor conventional stores high turnover are significant operational expenses for low-incomeout ofpoverty residents which supplymarginal jobsthat are notapathway alternative formats to conventional stores, grocery asthefundrolls outto consider isimportant It the saleoffresh, stapleandnon-prepared foods must derive at least75percent ofrevenue from foods, andfor non-store concepts, theproject is dedicated to fresh, stapleand/ornon-prepared hubs, ifat least50%of theretail square footage innovative offood types retailers suchasfood andwillconsider the fundisforward thinking the fundisintended for retail expansion, grocery access to fresh, healthy food will provide bothloansandgrants to increase Colorado Fresh Food Financing Fund the localandstate level converged to create the task force at membersandpartners Initiative, As anoutcome ofDenver’s Healthy Food Access Colorado Fresh Food Financing Fund exempt bondissuedby CADA loan (60%ormore) canbefundedthrough atax- borrower requests less),andtheremainder ofthe down payment suchcases,In theborrower mustprovide a10% Farm Beginning Farmer Agency Service Program . The CADA Beginning Farmer Loan . FSAwillprovide 30%(unlessthe . The lender’s payment for . The borrower’s . While thefocus of . . This fund . . and Theft .

agricultural and energy-related products agricultural investmentsand equity to promote value-added CAVADB makesgrants, loansandloanguarantees, which benefit Colorado’s agricultural sector July first to allocate for renewable energy projects statewide (CDAVADB), hasprovided $2Mto 36projects of Agriculture’s Value-Added Development Board Program, administered by theColorado Department Renewable Energy) a program calledACRE (Advancing Colorado’s The State ofColorado offers grant fundingthrough Agricultural Grant Program ACRE –Advancing Colorado’s Renewable Energy commercial real estate loans capital andinventory loans, equipment loans, and for healthy foods intheform projects ofworking provide flexible, patient, andaffordable financing the Colorado Fresh Food Financing Fund, whichwill formalize itshealthy foodsunder financingactivities Financing Initiative award ($750,000)to expand and loan program expenses aswell asfor capitalfor itssmallbusiness Assistance award ($1,453,806)for operational The organization willuseitsFY2012Financial targeted populations throughout Colorado technical assistance to low-income andother and smallbusinessloans that enhance thecompetitiveness crop of specialty by the2008Farm Bill)provides fundingfor projects CropThe Specialty BlockGrant program (authorized Colorado Crop Specialty BlockGrant hub or ananaerobic digestor) neededto power thefood infrastructure (suchaswind, solar, cogeneration and/ help fundcosts associated withrenewable energy match of10%) interest)equity orresearch (upto $50,000witha match –may begrant, loan/loanguarantee or (upto $100,000witha10% participation project feasibility studies(upto $25,000with 10%match), projects . . Awards are madeinthree broad categories: . The CDAVADB receives $500,000each . It willuseits2012 Healthy Food It . This program could beleveraged to . ACRE’s Agricultural Grant . . The .

Lottery, GoCo fundsopen space andtrail projects ofproceeds fromUsing aportion theColorado Great Outdoors Colorado (GoCo) region or industry segmentregion orindustry accrue to abroader group ofsimilarproducers, frompotential awards impacts underthisprogram received more than$680,000 research, trade andnutrition Grants focus onmarketing, promotion, education, crops (includingfloriculture andsod) nursery fruits andvegetables, tree nuts, fruitsand dried growers Other OEDprograms: http://www.denvergov.org/Other 21 significantly amenities expanded park this area ofgreatest asaneighborhood needfor housing densities, Parks andRecreation identified pace withfuture increases inpopulation and for play fields fallbelow neighborhoods 50%ofthebenchmark per1000people,and 5acres andthe ofparkland Food Hubsite) currently provide between 2 area surrounding theproposed Kitchen City Colfax and Villa Park (inthestudy neighborhoods through acompetitive grant process Enterprise Zone incentives Block Grants, low interest revolving loanfundsand incentives includingCommunity Development offers anumberofpotential funding resources and The Denver of Development Office Economic Denver of Office Economic Development growers has mutualbenefit andruralfor urban workers/ development grant fundingfor jobcreation that could becombined withothersources ofeconomic and retail) andsuppliers, area andin anurban it food hubpatronsthat supports (bothwholesale attractive fundingprogram for development market Default.aspx SpecialPrograms/FundingOpportunities/tabid/435781/ Enterprise Zone -http://www.denvergov.org/maps/classic/rprop . . Specialty crops Specialty includethefollowing: . To meetcurrent demandandkeep . 21 . It is a particularly isaparticularly It

. In FY2012,Colorado In . It is expected that isexpected It . The West .

. 6 .

53 CITY KITCHEN 54 and livable communities within walking and livable communities withinwalking committed to developing inclusive, affordable private, publicandnonprofit organizations of isabroad Connects partnership High Mile housing, health services (including accesshousing, to fresh healthservices focuses onfour keyresources:and opportunity Connects’ planfor improving access to transit institutions FRESC andseveral banking Piton Foundation, LandConservancy, theUrban the Denver Foundation, Permanente, Kaiser the Foundation, Enterprise Community Partners, Colorado HealthFoundation, theGates Family Foundation, Community Foundation, theRose organizationsadvocacy suchasSurdna, theFord includes 21national andlocalfunders distance ofpublictransit Connects High Mile 22 site inthedevelopment Kitchen oftheCity partner The Denver could HousingAuthority be apotential Denver Housing Authority spaces master developer developments oncommunity withthe asorpartner organizations serve often sites inanticipation changes ofmarket These organizations may acquire andholdstrategic communities withcomplex real estate transactions and governmental organizations to assisturban withnonprofit, term partnerships for-profit, form long- LandConservancy like theUrban revitalizationand community patient capitalfor landassemblage, redevelopment Land trustorganizations provide asource of Land Trusts produce), education andjobs parks, greenbelts, trails, andotheropen farms the Trust for Public buys andholdslandfor urban While theULC focuses landdevelopment, onurban 23 CITY KITCHEN Partnerships http://www.urbanlandc.org/ http://milehighconnects.org . As DHAtransforms itsconventional public . 22

. The partnership . Organizations . . The . Mile High High Mile . 23

Corridor line additional housingdevelopment nearthe West for DHAtopresents invest anopportunity in affordableKitchen site neighborhoods, the City intohousing projects mixed-income, mixed-use, into future businessplanningefforts tofunding strategies incorporate andpartnerships into the conclusions ofthisstudy goalsandhoworiginal project theyare integrated access inSun Valley around alongterm strategythinking for food in thearea hassetafoundation for collective facilities ofexisting industrial and potential re-use stakeholders, future redevelopment ofSun Valley, Area combined withinterested planningeffort created through theDecatur-Federal Station may evolve separately oranaquaponicscenter kitchen, commissary that individualconcepts likeagreenhouse, a access around andstate, thecity it ismore likely to feedback from stakeholdersinvolved infood unlikely to develop at thesametime hub contains multiplecomponents that are The proposed terminal market/destinationfood research feedback andcommunity to goalsto linktheoriginal project thecasestudy to vision,itiscritical Kitchen implement theCity As Denver looksforward to future partnerships investors through arequest for proposals process should solicitinterest from private developers and movethe project forward, proponents project cultural facilitiesandotherpotential uses campus includespadsites for residential, office, private developers andinvestors for opportunities present appealingpartnership uses inthecampusdesign concept that may of siteThe Kitchen planincludesavariety City Private Developers .

. This strategy firstlooks at the . However, themomentum . . The proposed It alsoidentifies It .

. .

According . Should . success. (UnionSquare Greenmarket) using available can provide spaces withwilling partners incremental hub maytakedestination food years to grow into itsfullpotential, Innovative andTransformative theultimate goalofa - While currentaccessabout food group) focus issues. Kitchen (Denver City social. This studyincorporated feedbackfrom thelocal community achieve triplebottom-line success -economic, environmental, and Move toward implementation-To successful, be hub must afood Implementation Strategy

55 CITY KITCHEN 56 around healthy food access champions andemerging businessescentered together canbring local ideas likeeco-districts have ontheirownto increase efforts beenworking Internationalthat andRevision Housing Authority This studyalsoidentifies organizationsDenver like Decatur- Federal Station area (seefigure on p.58). considered inthecontext ofthedevelopment ofthe for anemergingof activity when neighborhood local food champions, andbecomes thecenter residents,engages community together brings and consumers inoneplace creates synergy that aggregate thegreenhouse, coordinators, suppliers, Growhaus), butasawholedoesnotexist today of whichmay exist inotherDenver (likethe efforts valley (seefigure neighborhood onpage57),parts access concept inDenver-more specificallytheSun Business Concept makesthecasefor anewfood FoodThe Kitchen City HubFeasibility Study and 2. CITY 1. Public-Private Food HubDevelopment KITCHEN fromproject aconceptual businessplan Several steps shouldbe takento advance this

picture and still let the smaller opportunities andstilllet thesmalleropportunities picture conclusion inthedevelopment ofafood hub they willcome” willleadto mentality asuccessful initiatives to farm table infrastructure neededto support engaged inplanningfor thefood system Council Advisory Food Policy Council andthestate’s Food System ofAgriculture,Department Denver’s Sustainable Colorado Farmers Association, Market Colorado Colorado HealthFoundation, LiveWell Colorado, FoodUnion, Real Colorado, Transition Colorado, Dept technical Colorado assistance), CSUExtension, (foundation andplanning/development (cooperative Connects development), High Mile Farmers Mountain Denver Rocky Seeds), Union &Countythe City ofDenver (CPD, PW, OED, conceptual plan to advance thework ofthis partnership and form apublic-private food hubdevelopment Partnership Site Planning. Site . ofAgriculture, Farmers Mountain Rocky . It isunlikelythat an It “if you buildit, . Identify achampionto spearhead To reinforce thelong term . Potential include partners . These groups are actively .

. . . To

3. Fundraising Strategy. Capital campaign roducer Network Strategy. 6. 5. Wholesale Market Development Strategy. 4. Terminal market food system infrastructure

end of the spectrum, asuccessful foodend ofthespectrum, hub including landassemblage, publicinfrastructure find ahome, engagein food hubsite planning finance mechanisms improvement strategies district andpublic writing, individualdonordevelopment, planning andmanagement includinggrant retrofitplanning/intersection at Federal/Colfax supply chain logistics needed to move food from to and farm market), housesthat may be infrastructure (likepacking development/partnerships, gapsinsupplychain for cooperative farmer identify opportunities foodterminal market hub be asource of consistent, reliable supply for the greenhouse owners andranchers whowould end thisstrategy shouldidentify thosefarmers, requires aproducer supplynetwork P developmentmarket for localproducers sourcing by publicinstitutionsmay alsohelpdrive initiatives likearequirement for minimumlocal development activities offood and type needed,quantity andmarket user requirements (suchashandlingpractices), should provide reliable information aboutend- developmentand market efforts could bedeveloped withexpanded relationships for localfood andthepotential demandthat should gaugethecurrent wholesaledemand reliable supplyoffresh produce identify thoseend-userswhoneedaconsistent, developmentA wholesalemarket strategy will development andlaunchofafood hubinclude: of studyneededto ensure thesuccessful willbeimperativeplanning efforts Denver Seeds’ comprehensive food system takesshape, coordinationpartnership with market system infrastructure precedes aterminal planning. definition,asupplychainof By food . As apublic-private food development . . . Support for policy for policy Support . This studyshouldalso Ontheother . The strategy . The strategy . Areas . To that . . Thompson. features, theEcoLaboratory asdoes (below), designedby Weber produced by incorporates RomsesArchitects numerous green building Green (above),Harvest aconceptual agriculture, designforvertical DEVELOPMENT DECATUR-FEDERAL STATION the larger community. vegetables andmayattract avariety ofvisitors/user groups from thatprovidesa community facility access to fresh fruitsand by freshretailers underserved food by introducingneighborhoods livinginpublichousingand isolationofpeople and social Corridor goalsto reduce line. The thegeographic project furthers development goalsnearpublichousingfacilities alongtheWest Colfax Plans. The project complements economic andcommunity The project complements theadopted BlueprintDenver andWest

1 Sanchez (Paco)Park Sanchez (Paco)Park / 2

Library/Market M i le

Barnum Park Barnum Park Barnum North Park Barnum North Park 1 /4 M i le 17th and Federal 6 Barnum East Park Barnum East Park Station Area Rude Park Rude Park 10th Ave. Lower Colfax/Stadium CONCEPT Entertainment access visibleandofasufficient andbe aggregate to food), size with optionsandlow thosewithlimited mobility residents (particularly hub must developed be inanarea where itcan mostdirectlyimpact andfuture consumers.to partners, To transformative be thefood hub onlandavailability depending elements ofafood andaccess Sun Valley. ofthisvisioncould Part includeoneormore multiple for development ofacelebrated, connected, innovative, andhealthy 2013,presentsadopted thebroad inApril foundationalcomponents The Concept Development forDecatur-Federaol Plan StationArea 25 25 Campus/Downtown Auraria Station alongthe West Line LightRail Opening in2013,theDecatur-Federal remains tocreatemore,andimprove abundance ofassets,buttheopportunity Sun Valley tohavean isfortunate provide willbeagatewaybetweenSun cultural facilities-theseareelements historic buildings,distinctive unique destination, stadium orentertainment cities andneighborhoods.Natural Physical assetsandamenitiesanchor healthy SunValley. celebrated, connected, innovativeand components fordevelopmentofa presents thebroad,foundational Sun Valley’s Development Concept w SunValleyalong withbetterconnecting withintheneighborhood, connectivity Plan providestheframeworkforbetter neighborhoods anddestinations. This tosurrounding a lackofconnectivity V T Downtown andtherestofregion. t t distinguish aneighborhoodandmakeit links amongthem,andtheircharacter arrangement oftheelements, f eatures, aregionalgreenway, a he linksbetweenthem. ruly uniqueanddesirable. he station and the connections itwill he stationandtheconnections alley andtheregion. ith thecityandregion. the West Rail Corridor. assemblages inSunValley orothersites withinwalking distance of topoint sites like ofColfax HighVista Mile inthevicinity andFederal, and locations planningefforts, alignwiththegoalsofpriorcity along Federal walk ofatransit orwithinashort stationarea. These most appropriate hub site would forafood eitherinSunValley, be To thatend, inputfrom communityindicated members thatthe diverse offerings to attract visitors from outsideofthe community. Light RailLine Light RailStation Connection Key Regional Connection Key Multi-modal healthy SunValley. celebrated, connected, innovative, and framework toguideand foster a Together, theseelementscreatea areas withinthestationarea: includes four, newuniquecharacter The futurevisionfor thestationarea andthe AurariaEntertainment, Campus. the Stationarea, Lower Colfax/Stadium larger, regionalactivity nodesincluding theneighborhoodwith also connect andmarket.Keyconnections Library and Federal andthenew West Side Park, 10thAvenue,New Riverfront 17th nodes:the four neighborhoodactivity tolinkthe willserve Key connections

Industrial area Employment TOD area Transit OrientedDevelopmentarea Stadium/Cultural Destination Industrial Destination Stadium/Entertainment Employment TOD Activity Node Activity Neighborhood Development Transit Oriented Activity Node Activity Regional

57 CITY KITCHEN

Appendix

59 CITY KITCHEN 60 Canning Equipment Blenders/Mixers EquipmentMiscellaneous Ovens Mixers/Blenders Bottling/Packaging Equipment Food Processors Steam Processing

CITY KITCHENCommercial Equipment List Presto Pressure Cooker Dixie Can Large Sealer- Can Dixie Can Small Can Sealer- Blakeslee Mixer 15 L Tumble Blender Blender Gemco Dry Butcher Boy Blender 60qtMixer Hobart Utensils Stainless Steel Tables andBasicKitchen Sheets andCommercial Rack Baking Baking Proofing Cabinet Legion Braising Pan PressureHigh Dishwashing Machine Food Pump Commercial Microwave Oven Tri-star Convection Oven Zephaire Convection Oven stoveGas Blenders Handheld Immersion 60qtMixer Hobart Univex 20qtMixer Blender Butcher Boy Ribbon Universal Labeler(round containers) TunnelShrink Per-fil Auger product) Filler (dry Simplex Filler (fluidproduct) Table Top Food Processor 40 qtFood Processor Dixie Canning Retort Kettle Electric 10 Gal Agitating75 Gal Steam Kettle Steam150 Gal Kettle Evaporators Dryers Cutters/Slicers Centrifuges/Separators Peeling Equipment Kettles Grinders/Mills/Finishers Fryers Juicers Overton SingleDrumDryer Overton TrayLaboratory Dryer BinDryer Laboratory CoupeRobot Food Processor Industries Bloomfield French Cutters Fry Lan-Elec Slicer CreamDeering Separator International Harvester/McCormick CreamInternational Harvester Separator IEC Centrifuge Steam Distillation Adapted BrothersReid Steam for Retort Toldedo Potato Chip Peeler Cooks Tool Automatic Peeler K&K Steam Peeler andCitrus Scarifier Scrubber Hobart Steam35 LSwept Kettle Surface Steam150 LCleveland Kettle Range 150 LLegion Steam Kettle Steam Kettle 150 LHubbert 75 LSteam Kettle 35 LGroen Steam Kettle Zambelli/Cantinetta Crusher Destemmer Suntech Fruit Press w/HammerMill Pulper FinisherLangenskamp FeederFMC Vibratory Weber Pulverizing Mill Mill Buhler Wheat Chipper/Shredder Electric Craftsman Grinder Meat Hobart Wells Fat Deep Fryer Hollymatic Juice Extractor Lee 10Gal Vacuum Evaporator Laboratory 7 Laboratory . 5 L Vacuum Evaporator Other Support Processing Support EquipmentOther Cookers Sifters Pumps Presses Braun HandBlender Digital Tachometer Digital Velometer Hygrometers pH Meters Refractometers Ohauw Moisture Balance Cenco Moisture Balance Sunbeam Food Processor Tyler Sieve Shaker Blender Osterizer Electric Hotpack Oven BagSealer Impulse Berron TrayDryer Westinghouse Stove Electric Champion Juicer TableMills Glen TopGrinder Cleveland Range SteamCleveland Cabinet Range Sweco Sifter Dayton/GastPump Vacuum Pressure High Burks Pump Tri-Clover Positive Displacement Pump Graco Pump Moyno Pump Burrell Heat Exchanger Cherry Screw Press Star Filter Press Suntech Fruit Press Hobart 4 Hobart . 5 L Table Top Mixer Appendix: Food HubCase Studies

61 CITY KITCHEN 62

that buylocal also includesa campaign to promote restaurants institutions and restaurants identify bulkpurchasers including schools, grocers, time andresources into development market to operating ontheside or isinfulltimeproduction whether thefarmer aptitude,farmer preferences size, andfarm and wholesale vs formarket suchas andfarmer individualfarm CITYand access to capital cost includinginsurance,farmers assistance startup future, for ASDwilldevelop asuite ofservices to assistfarmers incubation services to branchexplore outinto other opportunities ASD recently athinktanksessionto conducted formarket tobacco hasdwindled production conventional tobacco to production produce asthe have transitioned (orare intheprocess) from (through onGAP/GHP extension) food safety HandlingPracticesand Good (GHP) to encourage to encourage methods sustainableproduction KITCHEN tofarmers utilize Agricultural Good Practices (GAP) fromlearn oneanother by coordinating for apeernetwork producers to trainings fororganizing hands-on producers and ASD offers training and technical assistance by and Maryland, Washington, DC Tennessee, Carolina, Carolina, South North Georgia, throughoutindividual supermarkets Virginia, and supermarkets, representing more than900 anddistributes themto 30foodfacility brokers andgrading inits25,000SFpackaging products grades,Harvest washes, labels, andpackages Virginia andNortheast Tennessee eggsinSouthwestvegetables andfree-range producing familyfarmers organic certified-organic (AH), ofapproximately anetwork Harvest 50 Duffield, VA VA andanaggregation/distribution in facility nonprofit witha corporate office in Abingdon, Appalachian SustainableDevelopment isa Appalachian SustainableDevelopment Aggregation/Distribution-Wholesale . They require to farmers certify . In 1999,ASDestablished Appalachian In . direct to direct consumer, dependingon . Using donated funds, ASD’s “Healthy . ASDhelpsidentify thebest . ASDinvests muchofits . ASDworks with directly . Work with restaurants .

. . Many farmers Appalachian . In thenear In .

project thatproject setsfamiliesupwithhomecontainer through agrant education gardennutrition andhostsacommunity program alsooffers demonstrations, cooking other donated to familiesinneedandto food banks don’tfarmers takealossandthepurchased food is edible-from farmers but whichisstillperfectly produce that doesn’t standards, quality meetstrict Families, Family Farms” purchases seconds - produce at thebeginning oftheseason purchasersquantity schools, markets, restaurants andotherlarge supply oflocallysourced produce for institutions, whilecreatinga dependablemarket, aconsistent thus providing aconsistent revenue stream and The organization purchases inbulkfrom farmers, farm production and seasonalworkers) to runtheeducational and 4 FTE(two full-timeFarm time Managers, part and afulltimedriver plusstaffingequivalent to Development Director, timegrant writer apart an Executive Director, Warehouse Manager, for farm as aproduction theLFH volunteer programs, andevents; 6acres function in organic andsustainablegrowing methods, apprenticeships, internships, training farmer acre organic educationalthat farm offers farmer additionto thewarehouse,In LFHalsorunsa75- a loadingdockand2refrigerated trucks delivery packing) food (limited to washing to prepare produce for for withminimalcapacity processingfacility fromprimarily a3,800SFstorage anddistribution their operation inCharlottesville, VA buying clubs, andfood bankswithin40milesof 150 businesses, institutions, schools, restaurants of produce, meat, honeyandeggsto more than Local Food Huboperates asanonprofit wholesaler Local Food Hub Name=stelprdc5097504 http://www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/getfile?dDoc program inpublicschools Finally landscapes alearning theprogram supports gardens to promote a “Grow Your Own” campaign . includesrefrigeratedThe facility storage, . ASD recently started an earth box ASDrecently anearth started . . Prices are setby pound of .

. Staff includes . It operates It . These . The . The .

Local Food Hubemployees andvolunteers tractor nonprofit SustainableDevelopment withtheirnew The Appalachian operates a25,000square foot warehouse equipped Market a salesmaninChicago’s historic South Water in thefootsteps oftheir father, Sr Bob brothers grew upintheproduce business, following and freshest organic food available and avisionto supplyitscustomers withthefinest Park in theMcKinley ofChicago neighborhood a 5,000square foot warehouse with20employees in thecountry and thelargest privately heldorganic distributor the Midwest’s leadingsupplieroffresh, organic food Greenness Goodness is brothers andRick, Rodney Founded andhis Scaman in1991by CEORobert GreennessGoodness php?option=com_content&view=article&id=133 http://www shelters to area food banks,andhomeless soup kitchens by thecommunity donating serves hub further insurance for theirtrucks)is$20,000peryear all theinsurance by theLFH(including carried that covers allofitsvendors a$3Mumbrella insuranceit carries liability policy does notrequire adherence to GAP/GHP financial management for smallfarms issues suchasbusinessplandevelopment and of theLFHeducational programming addresses producer plantingrequirements andpricing and sellersto record buyer demandandinform planningsessionsbetween buyers pre-season materials andmediaexposure webservices, profiles, photographs, promotional Hub and image, andassociation withtheLocal Food and reinforces producer’s thepartner name, brand identifiesorigins Labeling ofproducts thefarm a10%increasereported intheirsalesvolume sales, theyhaveat lessthandirect-to-consumer local food find asinglepoint ofaccess to highquality, fresh, may focus ongrowing andbulkconsumers can andsalescallssoproducersburdens ofdelivery relievebrokering services theadministrative . Other marketing services includesales services marketing Other . Today, thisfor-profit driven wholesaler, . . Though sellto farmers Local Food Hub . futureharvestcasa . Goodness Greenness started out in outin Greenness Goodness started . The total cost of . . The LFHholds org/index . The Scaman . , who was , whowas . The LFH . . However, . . Some Some The . local, organic food to itscustomers Canada to Wisconsin fresh, to bring inaneffort company hasbuiltrelationships withgrowers from cooperative around farmers theGreat Lakes produce andfruitaspossiblefrom small-scaleand GreennessGoodness sources asmuchorganic vegetables, andjuices asefficient aspossible storing, andshippingoforganic fruits, packing technology to makethe art with state-of-the Hub works whoproduce with22farmers primarily the greater Burlington area from inChittenden farmers—mainly County—to 2007 to aggregate, distribute, products andmarket The nonprofitIntervale openedthe Food Hubin hay barn the Gardener’s Supply Company, afood hub, anda nursery, (for acorn crib storing corn), afarmhouse, The site iscomprised offarms, aconservation leverage to secure thelandandneededcapital city, county andstate entities that provided the of landitrequired with aformal partnership purchase ofalarge andunderutilized parcel members enterprise, owned by aBoard andproducer blends for-profit management withanonprofit Gardeners SupplyCompany, Center theIntervale Burlington, VT CenterThe Intervale isanonprofit located in CenterThe Intervale restaurants independent retailers, hospitals, andfine that includetheregion’s largest supermarkets, suppliesover60 peopleanddirectly 300stores education programs through marketing, branding, andconsumer grown organic food andsmall-scalefamilyfarms Generations Ahead, eachofwhichpromote locally andSeven and SustainableEducation Service org, The CROPP, LandConnection, Organic Midwest not-for-profits suchas Aid,Farm Family Farmed contributes to thehard work oflocalandnational to area Midwest retailers brand oflocalorganic food that isdistributed Greenness hasdeveloped theirown private label .

. Because thesite Because necessitated the . . With itsroots inthefor-profit . The company employs over . Goodness Greenness Goodness . FoodThe Intervale . Goodness Goodness . The .

. .

food hubprovides development market work and shares to low- income residents Farming Association of Vermont to offer subsidized Organic withtheNortheast and ithaspartnered CSA program itisableto accept SNAPbenefits, are soldyear-round to CSAmembers and cannedfrozen produce in 1990)leases land, equipment, greenhouses, Center’sThe Intervale Farm Program (founded investing inasimilaroperation be future before needfor offacility asimilartype their operations, demandandwhether there will operation to bettera commissary understand are currently watching Food VT Venture Center is a$5Mcapitalproject production grown mushrooms andhydroponic veggies/tilapia water waste andmashwould feed greenhouse- that thewaste heat would power whose abrewery processing center the growing season andpower avalue-added Power to Plant owned extend facility) (acity Enterprise Center willusewaste heat from McNeil a processing kitchen At Center present, theIntervale doesnotinclude $1 support tofarmers rent will remain available for long-term storage for storage will beusedfor term dry aggregation andshort size loadingdockandtheremainder ofthespace floor plusa10’ x12’ walk infreezer, astandard 3000 SFontwo levels –600SFcooler onmain whichwillhavenew buildingisunderconstruction building isnotidealfor food anda hubpurposes x 12’ walk incooler andtwo chestfreezers regulated cooler, whiletheupstairsincludesa10’ floors) renovated barn produce for around quickturn ina1600SF(on2 FoodThe Intervale Hubstores aggregated toproducts restaurants, schools, andahospital result, thefood hubalsoaggregates and supplies by identifying consumer markets support dairy, grains, plants, bakedgoods, prepared foods, fruits, vegetables, meat, andeggs, aswell assome . The basement cooler intheexisting barn . . 2M insalesannually CenterThis additionto theIntervale . isdesignedThe to newfacility . Originally, itwas conceived . However, aplannedFood . The basement contains a . Intervale staffmembers Intervale .

. . . The Intervale’s These products . Through its . . As a The .

63 CITY KITCHEN 64

indicated that labor, storage andmarketing businesses –responses ofthesefarm capacity that could increasenew activities themarketing to expansion production and barriers production, practices,marketing farms’ to expand capacity to 301farms assesscurrent surveyed Intervale of directors runstheorganization full-time staffpeople;anda 10-member board time andseasonaljobs;thecenter employs 14 programfarms contributes 60full-time, part- CITYto provide shares to parents andstudents withlocalpublic schoolsanduniversities partners food shares to individuals/families from thecenter a food itwithsurplus shelfinBurlington, stocking agencies local socialservice a GleaningProject that provides localfood to and capitalcampaign) this program (itwould require afeasibility study to support kitchen orsmallcommunity kitchen There isinterest indeveloping afuture teaching ofthecenter andfunctions on variousprojects hundreds ofvolunteers to work to theIntervale KITCHEN to andbrings localfarmers kids city connects CommunityProject Connections The Intervale specifically help African refugees become farmers over thecourse of3years as thefarmers’ independent businessesexpand from establishedgrowers low andrise –fees start access to equipmentsupport, andmentorship provides subsidized rental rates, businessplanning Vermont Board) HousingandConservation and Success onFarms program (fundedby the maintenance; isolation ofequipment operation knowledge and markets; accessfarmers: to training, land, capitaland challengenew that typically barriers start-up Burlington economy andseasonaljobsto the 60 full-time, part-time producefarms fresh produce andcontribute in openspace andtrails) 12farms, therest ismaintainedthe site supports ofBurlington (1/3of on 350acres intheheart independent farmers andstorageirrigation, facilitiesto small . The program alsoprovides free . The Farms Program removes . The incubator farm operates . . CenterThe Intervale hosts Farm IncubatorProgram . Eachyear, these . Additionally programs . Intervale maintains Intervale . In 2007the In . The program . The .

in locallygrown food andotherlocallymade producers andconsumers unitinginterests Front Mountain Plains andRocky of High Range Plains FoodHigh Coop isagrass roots network Plains FoodHigh Coop Coordination Brokerages/Cooperatives –Active Feasibility-Study-Case-Studies http://scc Helpful links: expansion werecapacity thetop three to production barriers in St storage storage that includes cold facility anddry One oftheproducer membersprovides a1000SF before to distribution the13 pick-up locations times permonth inthePhillips Building(at 36 inventory any oftheproducts time doesthecooperative ever have titleto to thestandards intheHPFCguidelines off produce sitesat thedistribution according sitesdistribution andproducer membersdrop by theHPFCproducer guidelines storage facilitiesandfollow standards required Producer membersmaintain independent willing buyers andsellerscanmeet cooperative isto provide amarketplace where processes payments for thefood to bedelivered, andreceives and notifies theappropriate producers, arranges was grown orprocessed information abouthow andwhere theproduct of available localfood that products includes members, HPFCprovides anonlinecatalog producers consumers andforwards thepayments to the members ofthecooperative, from collects the sale, receives orders, provides to other delivery theproducers theproducts markets have for members, Food theHigh Cooperative postsand products and Franklin) for aggregation product andsorting . Francis, KS . Acting astheagent Acting ofproducer . . ca The HPFCwillrent space oneto two . . Acting astheagent Acting for consumer

. gov/files/2012/03/Coyote-Valley-Ag- . The that products go through . HPFCdoesnotmaintain . The essential businessofthe . HPFCtakesorders and . pdf . HPFCidentifies .

. At no th .

organization members, ½ consumer board members)runsthe An eight memberBoard (½producer board online andpickuporders atsites distribution of Iowa products communities through marketing web-based consumer relationships and andbuildsfarms The Iowa Food Cooperative facilitates farmer- Iowa Food Cooperative managers credits of$25-$75for variousroles includingroute while approximately 20volunteers receive food administrative theotherdrives thetrailers), work, 2 paidemployees (onedoesaccounting and of afood hubinDenver withthedevelopmentfor theHPFCto partner capacity development market distribution, andproduction on agrant-funded expansion planexamining the producers (10%) come from therural near community metro Denver (I-70to Castle andten Rock) percent percent (90%)ofsalesare to customers insouth in 2008andhasgrown 40%since then) consumers year; theHPFClaunched inthetrial buyer members(upfrom 10producers and30 maintains 50farmer/producer membersand260 10% fee isaddedto eachorder invoice andfrom consumer-buyer members, a members, a15%fee from isdeducted each sales feea transaction from members -for producer ofgrowingpurpose food allow producers to concentrate ontheirprimary the HPFCalleviates administrative burdens that As abroker between producers andconsumers local foods training regarding theuseandadvantages of published parameters, aswell aseducation and screening andproducers ofproducts basedonour and consumer members, HPFCprovides abasic are responsible for GAP/GHP “title” to from theproduct theproducer the producer, orby theconsumer whopurchases HFPC’s system distribution are owned eitherby . Onegoaloftheexpansion planwillbe . .

. Volunteers managethedistribution . The HPFCiscurrently working . Consumer membersshop . The HPFCmaintains . The cooperative takes . For both producer . The HPFCcurrently . . Ninety- Producers .

entity butnotthemembers entity insurancemaintains liability for thecooperative require insurance liability butencourage it andhandlingrules–theydon’t production certain condition for ofproducts cleanlinessand visual inspection require food safety training, buttheydocursory andappropriatelyfacility packaged) handler ormeat hasto beprocessed ininspected that require any speciallicensing –suchasegg requires licenses from producers for products Producers are responsible for GAP/GHP(theIFC refrigeration andfreezer capacity look for warehouse space withcommercial walk in cold storage in) commercial refrigeration unitsfor temporary space) housesseveral small(reach-in, notwalk- pick up day before ofconsumer andmorning member preordered –food arrive the andotherproducts since allproduce are products andotherfarm no long-term storage orinventory maintenance an aggregation facility, anddistribution there is asboth site distribution functions its primary purchase oneasthecooperative expands bottles ice and/orincoolersfood withfrozen ondry water sites usingavan, haulingfrozen andperishable theproduce to IFC transports thedistribution to products theIFCaggregationbring facility buildings sitesdistribution inpartner asanaggregation plus3other functions facility) site distribution (that also mall astheprimary The IFCmaintains aretail space inashopping Foundation for SustainableAgriculture, theBloomingPrairie Practical Farmers ofIowa, theLeopold Center receives fundingandtechnical assistance from coordinator manager, anITmanagerandadistribution accurate information, product licenses), adatabase coordinator (maintains producer baseand Contract staffincludeaGM,producer oversight sites and contract paidstaffmanageoperations . . The IFCneedsrefrigerated truckandwill site distribution (an 1,800SF The primary . IFCrequires producers to adhere to . .

The cooperative isanonprofit that . As thecooperative grows theywill .

. IFCdoesnot . Producers . Though . IFC . The .

from andregional urban farmers need for upfront capital working model cutsoutoverhead costs andprevents the is atimeandplace to distribute thefood storesgrocery orcooperatives, allthat isneeded the cost of healthy foods for members operated CSAthat purchases inbulkto reduce Healthy Food Hubisabuyingcluborconsumer Healthy Food Hub a farm-to-business/institution model orafarm- a farm-to-business/institution cooperative/brokerage food hubsfallinto either gathering space garden)and/or aproduction andcommunity integrated(vertically greenhouse/aquaponics education, businessincubation, on-site production classes, suchascooking nutrition of services destinationurban food hubmay offer an array that cater to ageneral publicaudience orotherprogramsbanks orsmallmarket/grocery) indoorvendor market, in afarmers arcades, food may alsoprovide to direct consumer access (as dense population basemeans that thesefacilities location setting) (usuallyanurban withinacentralizedhousing theseactivities wholesale andcooperative/brokerage food hubs, incorporate ofaggregation/hubs typically aspects Destination development/terminal food market General Descriptionand Typical Operations. Market Food Hubs Development/TerminalDestination available to membersyear round to increase theamount oflocalfood that ismade processors volumes offood from directly producers and foods andseasonalavailabilityamount, oflocal variety to increase the social enterprise opportunities allow theHFHto invest ingenerating ahostof adopted by theclub with othermembersundera andFind”“Seek ethic educational resources onhealthandnutrition are responsible for obtainingandsharing daysdistribution require 22+volunteers dayshost market at dispersedsites -market/ . It willalsomake way for It purchasing large . The intermediate aimoftheHFHis . While aggregation/wholesale or . Agrowing membershipwill . . . HFHsources food HFHvounteers . Proximity to a . . Unlike An . Members Members . This collaborating withconventional supplychains to food andinfluence consumer food choices, while operations to meetthegrowing demandfor local infrastructure for smallto mid-sized localfarming the potential to thegap, bridge providing needed has thepotential for thegreatest bottom triple destination development/terminal which market, 24 maintain access to fresh produce inoffpeak months options andhabits and consumers to rethink theirpurchasing buyers oflocalproducerscapacity and alsoengage that buildthe a numberofadditionalservices Beyond thesebasicfunctions, “food hubsprovide develops channelsto market bulkpurchasers andprocessingdistribution oflocalfood and nichethatwill fillamarket aidsaggregation, mid-sized farmers inadequate infrastructure available to smallto asasolutiontohubs are the gainingpopularity and distribution footprintand thecarbon offood production healthy food that minimizes ecological impacts ensure areliable andsustainablesupplyoffresh, to mid-sized growers closeto home to diversify andenhance thecontributions ofsmall system, there isgrowing awareness that we need these operations are essential to ourcurrent food to private, agriculture industrial operations programming engagement andcommunity (both role invalue chainbusinessdevelopment, facility managers;rather theytakeanactive property Operators offood ofthesetypes hubsare notjust line (economic, socialandenvironmental) impacts a 21 ofendusers a variety transferred theresponsibility for feeding ourselves population concentrated areas, inurban we Issues for Further Consideration. As thecountry’s andrural)urban of both models, functioning as a hybrid that serves asahybridof bothmodels, that functioning serves foodterminal market hubmay encompass aspects model, adestination development/to-consumer Washington, 2012 DC.April ofAgriculture,US Agricultural Department Marketing Service. Fisk,John andStacia Kiraly. “Regional Food HubResource Guide”, Barham,James, Debra Tropp, Kathleen Enterline, Jeff Farbman, st century food settingisa hubinanurban century . . Destinationdevelopment food . . ” Expansionofthisinfrastructure 24 As food suchurban hubshave . The emerging modelfor . Doing sowill Doing . While .

. .

65 CITY KITCHEN 66

ingredients, staging area for anddistribution pickup small refrigerator cooler that holdsprepped raw bulk vegetable processing andcutfruitwitha andpackaging,production a separate room for the refrigerated storage, openspace, hot/cold isa3500SFspaceThe whichincludesall kitchen docks canreceive upto 3trucksat any given time goods likecanneditems andflour) interior andtheloadingdocks, alsostores dry (with ashippingcooler that opens to boththe CITYstorage), ameat andseafood area, loading docks (withrefrigeratedcontains akitchen andfreezer (excludingSF facility theadministrative offices), the recently Food constructed House expansion ofthe A critical Weaver Street is Market the localeconomy empowerment ofcustomers, andintegration in education offellow citizens, socialinteractivity, the workforce, inclusiveness ofthecommunity, needs,of basic community non-exploitation local self-reliance, ecological balance, meeting for thefollowing: cooperative control ofprofits, The missionstatement ofthecooperative calls KITCHEN economic$16M annuallyincommunity impact stays inthecommunity percent (42%)ofthemoneyspent inthecoop (60%) ofsalesare to coop owners activities community and worthy affordable housing, a radio station, localschools a Cooperative Community Fund that invests in store,grocery Weaver Street operates Market for operations) themarket as anaggregation, storage andprocessing facility recently Food constructed House(whichserves cooperative sites, abakery, arestaurant andthe Weaver Street includes3grocery Market county are memberowners ofthecooperative profit of$247K) gross profit in2011approached $27M(withnet owned –ownership is50-50consumers/workers), members (bothconsumer andworker member cooperative membershipreaching 16,000 nearly much more cooperative thanagrocery Founded in1988, Weaver Street is Market Weaver Street Market . Oneinfour residents ofthe . . The Cooperative generates . Unlike a typical Unlikeatypical . . Sixty percent Sixty Forty-two . The loading . This 11,000 . With .

a walkway in food house, inaseparate by buildingconnected like sushi cold storage area for outside vendors to holditems products vegetables andfruit, plusamainfreezer for frozen things that needto plusacooler ripen space for House includeawarmerspace for potatoes and to stores improvements) coop to save for thefuture andselffundcapital allowing of thecoop the (primarily sustainability system to adividendsystem to ensure thefinancial Recently thecooperative from shifted adiscount and seafood departments) bread, purchasing dish,andmeat anddistribution, and kitchen,employs pastry 70-75 staff(includes approximately 300people–theFood House region andsupplyothercooperativesSt Markets inthe accelerate plansto expand thenumber Weaver oftheFood functions distribution Housewillhelp The aggregation, processing andwholesale efficient processing operations anddistribution in order to better managefood safety andensure into (3total) individualmarkets House activities an offsiterather facility thanintegrate the Food andland House facility – structure Weaver Street owns theFood Markets Food Housefallsunderthecooperative business fromdiverted thelandfilland reused more than250,000poundsofoldconcrete were into blocksandusedto buildretaining walls is sensed onandoffautomaticallyhoods turn when cooking load andair-conditioning heat coolers uses anti-freeze andwater asarefrigerant for the innovative “Second Nature” refrigeration system is usedto makehotwater for dishwashing waste heat from therefrigeration compressors windows advantage ofdaylight from and theskylights features The Food Houseincorporates many green building . Weaver collectively employ St Markets . Foam insulation and12” walls reduce the . . Lighting automatically dimsto take . . Two warehouse spaces withintheFood . . Concrete from thedemolitionwas cut The Food Housealsocontains asmall The Weaver isalsohoused Street Bakery Gray water isusedto flush toilets, and .

. The patronage dividendadvances . The to Board build elected . . Variable-speed oven . . An . In all, In .

and traceability premiumensuring quality, andgreater food safety distance morning, travel theirproducts short avery Hunts Point their own produce to andselldirect buyers at before beingsold Greenmarket are lessthan24hours harvested quantities flowers at competitive wholesaleprices and including fruits, vegetables, herbs, plants, and over 100 localandregional farm-fresh products The New York City Wholesale Greenmarket offers development projects food access, schoolgardens andnewfarmer produce buyingclubsfor populations withlimited grain localseafood production, fresh production, fresh produce donations to food pantries, regional wholesale produce to corner stores), delivery markets, afresh bodegasprogram (providing recycling, wholesaleproduce sales, EBT at farmers including composting, youth markets, textile ofprogramsGreenmarket includesavariety from avendor fee of1-5%gross income farmer Greenmarket produces $2,788,515inrevenue Officeprofit ofthe basedinthe Mayor) the Environment ofNYC (aprivately fundednon- private producers, housedwithintheCouncil on quasi-governmental, with nonprofit, partnership Founded in1976,Greenmarkets/Grow NYC isa Greenmarket/Grow NYC Board are: the patronage dividendsystem establishedby the the overall goalsoftheco-op 5 4 3 2 1 . . . . . Build the Co-op Community Fund BuildtheCo-op by offering Buildsavings for worker-owners any Return profits beyond the co-op’s current Keepprofits inthelocal community Ensure that WSM hasadequate capitalto meet individual dividends of the optionto donate thecashportion needs to owners current andfuture needs . Many at products the Wholesale . Coming straight from each thefarm . The Wholesale Greenmarket . The Greenmarket grow farmers . . .

. . The five goals for

. Annually, .

market callformarket significant renovations to existing centera distribution restaurants, retailers, and wholesaleservices, to inadditionalbusinessincubators, bring district plans to redevelop aneconomic development region’s smallandmid-size farmers and commercial outletsfor market many ofthe coordinates aggregation, processing, distribution, process wholesaleandretail food merchants Ohio, from Michigan, andOntario other localproducts meat, poultry, fish,flowers andplants, andmany of open-airstalls, whichfeature fresh produce, as 40,000peoplevisitthemarket’s hundreds stands), flowers, andspecialevents stores,grocery distributors, restaurants, farm retailmarkets: (for consumers), wholesale(for Board eleven paidstaffgoverned by a20-member markets wholesale-retail is oneoftheNation’s oldestpubliclyowned location since 1891),theDetroit Eastern Market continuousIn operation since 1841(at present Detroit Eastern Market seasonal workers Greenmarket employs 20fulltimestaffplus12-22 eating helpgrow demandfor regional produce programming aboutlocalfood andhealthy andwholesaleprogramthe markets provide training to grow theproducer for network Farmer Development Project and Youthmarket which through theGreenmarket program includetheNew and thefive burroughs locations market scatteredfarmer throughout NYC Greenmarket consists ofmultipleproducer-only sized growers from New York andadjacent states restaurants, anddistributors andsmallmedium wholesale buyers suchassmallgrocers, institutions, The Wholesale Greenmarket facilitates salesbetween facility) refrigeration, loadingspace, exec offices, $86M withmodern facility 400,000SFdistribution the art Point andtheNewFulton St program withHunts facilitates salesinpartnership . The consists market offour individual .

. . More than250vendors and The plansto expand the . Programmatic services . Eastern Market employs Eastern Market . Fish (astate Market of . Eastern Market Eastern Market . . . Educational Educational As many The market .

– parking numbersincludeexisting +proposed – parking 21 ADA, 164truck/vendor, spaces) 624overflow on-street (886personalvehicle spaces –includes garage,in lotsandacentral aswell parking as complex forstorage the43acre (cold market anddry) loadingdocksand astheprimary which serves concentrated storage intheGrower’s Terminal Storage isavailable throughout with themarket housing plusinfilldevelopmentstructures that includes Francisco waterfront tall clocktower istheiconic ofthe San landmark Built in1898,theFerry Buildingandits240-foot FranciscoSan Ferry Market %3D&tabid=2875&mid=3837 aspx?fileticket=Rgrs6eWXkAw Helpful links: consumer) access to (for markets producer) andfresh foods (for HallengagessmallproducersMarket to enhance like organizations,system nonprofits partner andthe facilitiesfor offood and shared avariety services of office space Market fortheEastern Corporation spaces can bedividedinto 4smallerclassroom ormeeting accommodate 150peopleinonelarge space that The Education Center’s classroom complex can and convertible meeting/conference space 4,048 SFteaching complex withanotherkitchen the Education Centera onthesecond floor)plus isa4,176SFspaceplanned incubator (in kitchen and convertible classroom/event space and conference center withateaching kitchen storage), acommercial plusaneducation kitchen season, composting center onsite, tool andsupply greenhouse, hoophousesto growing extend demonstration garden market (2 agriculture anurban market, an openairfarmers SF, vendors production –10,000+SF), specialty include indoorvendors (produce vendors -4130 Hall the 20,000SFMarket operates anumberofhalls or “sheds” including in recent strategic plan . A farm standprogram Afarm associated withthe . The Education Center alsoincludes4,942SF . .

Parking isavailable throughout thesite .

http://www . ofthe The dramatic heart . Detroit Eastern Market Detroit Eastern Market . . detroitmi Plans for thisspace . 5 acres includes . gov/LinkClick . The .

. Ferry BuildingInvestors LLC (FBI)was formed to called partnership private re-development before, butnonecameto fruitionuntil apublic/ Many entities attempted to restore theproperty of thebuildingwas a$110Mprivate investment Franciscoof theSan Port Commission of office space andthe ceremonial hearing room floors ofthebuildinghouse175,000square feet steel-trussed glassceiling building the Nave lithall,as tall, known sky building isathree-story The Ferry Plaza Farmers isacertified Market Ferry Market eventssite heldwithin serves catering kitchen drawsmarket 15-20,000visitors perweek prepared foods are offerings typical preserves, grass-fed meat andorganic coffee, grower, cheeses, breads, aswell asfineartisan Saturdays expanding to locations onthebackplaza on showcase for organicfoods, produce andartisan surrounding theFerry Buildingbecomes anational intheUnited markets Statesfarmers isoneofthemosthighlyacclaimed Market renowned food community showcasing bestoftheBay Area’s thevery world- to a65,000square foot public food market The ground floor ofthe Buildingisdevoted Ferry 120 millionsquare feet nationwide Francisco intheSan property area, andmore than more than16millionsquare feet ofpremier office community Francisco theSan commitment to serving business owner Francisco andmanagerinSan withastrong isanestablished commercialOffice property managerfor the Ferry Building property Building’s historic asthe rehabilitation, andserves investoris theprincipal responsible for theFerry Francisco,San thebuilding’s owner LLC, thesite onbehalfofthePort of re-developed Capital AssetsHistoric LLC Primus LLC, Infrastructure andBancofAmerica Office,of Equity (WMS), Meany Wilson Sullivan complete thetask . . Natural daylight fillstheNave from the It runstheentire 660-foot It lengthofthe . Seasonal produce Seasonal from direct the . Equity Office ownsandoperates Office Equity .

. This joint venture iscomprised . The second andthird . Ferry BuildingInvestors, . The Saturday Farmers . . Equity Office Office Equity . The farmers . The arcades . Restoration . Equity Equity . An on- .

67 CITY KITCHEN 68 healthy food access to project in thiscommunity fruition whentheentities collaborated to a bring Cutural Wellness Program brought to theproject Development Center andthePowederhorn Phillips private real estate development the firm), African of Latino businessowners, Companies theRyan (a the Latino Economic Development Center, agroup Developmentamongst theNeighborhood Center, vacant former building Sears redevelopment andadaptive reuse ofalong- resultedThe Midtown GlobalMarket from the Midtown Market Global Marketplace_Guide http://www Helpful links: food vendors artisan currently draws and25 onabout100farmers grown usingsustainablemethods vendors whosecrops and/oringredients are representation by andprepared farmers food (CUESA) EducationUrban aboutSustainableAgriculture operated market farmers by theCenter for communities: both locallyandnationally to revitalize their organizations leadersand partner community neighborhoods, whileincreasing of thecapacity hundreds ofentrepreneurs andtransform target CITYelements that work together to develop NDC’s development modelincludessixkey of theprocess andtheresults whilecommunities retainscale impact ownership hubs” allows NDCto generate andsustainlarge- ofplacespeople to thevitality theenergy revitalization,of community of linking enterprise development around dynamic “hubs” organizations to concentrate thepower ofmicro- works withentrepreneurs(NDC) andcommunity need KITCHEN 2 1 . . Eliminating barriers through Eliminating barriers highlyaccessible, Finding theuntapped, hiddentalent of multi-cultural programsmulti-cultural andservices entrepreneurs inlow-income communities . Development Neighborhood Center “The . ACUESAgoalisto achieve 100percent . ferrybuildingmarketplace . pdf .

. Collaboration . . This “network of . The market . com/docs/ commercial kitchen, cooking school,commercial andretail cooking kitchen, offersin theMarket aunique combination ofa 25 ontheMidtown Global has hadahuge impact and itsvendors annually, bringing newclientele to themarket andeducate moreentertain than1000 guests classeswhich ofcooking host andteach avariety Tracy -together withnotable Twin Cities chefs - provide more than60jobs trucks, andfood manufacturers, whocollectively commercial space for kitchen 23caterers, food KITMprovidesMidtown GlobalMarket, shared shop for foodand services trucksvendors micro-entrepreneurs, pluscatering operations andfoodday tablesfor business localartisans 5 bakeries, 2coffee shops, 2flower shopsplus markets, 3producemeat/poultry/fish vendors, grocers, 15caterers, 18diningestablishments, 4 restaurant spaces sit-down from 380-1800SF)plustwo fullservice forhas thecapacity 60vendor spaces (ranging depending onthevendor’s needs hook-ups, capabilities sinksorfullkitchen oftenantsvariety withamenitiessuchaswater space for individualstallsto accommodate a and visitors demandsof workers,traffic andparking residents spaces supplythecounter-cyclical shared parking (73,000SF) Global Marketplace office and retaildevelopment (501,000SF)andthe condominiums), a136room hotel, commercial development townhomes (355apartments, and includesresidentialMidtown GlobalMarket Source: 6 5 4 3 . . . . Building local and national capacity of Buildinglocalandnational capacity energy to place Linking creating thecritical Working at scalewhilecommunities retain Taking acomprehensive, long-term approach individuals, organizations andcommunities mass neededto revitalize neighborhoods ownership andenjoy thebenefitsofsuccess that helpsentrepreneurs succeed . Located inaformerly vacant corner ofthe

http://www.ndc-mn.org/how-we-work . The provides GlobalMarketplace . Since openingin2010,KITM . It currently houses8specialty It . Owners Molly and Molly Owners . Atotal of1,580 . The market . The Kitchen Kitchen . ” 25 square foot includedthe66,500 square feet of project’s total development cost of$115per private architects anddevelopers renovations by conducted adesign-build team of trucks of delivery 1 under theoriginal listprice of$2 purchase price was $1 company)a paperbox manufacturing as anice housethenconverted to then abrewery (originally built deco50,000 square factory foot art outgrew theoriginal space than move to location asuburban whenthey owner decidedto limitsrather stay withinthecity Factory” resulted fromto save aneffort money anddistributor manufacturer Classic Foods localfoods isagourmet Classic Foods UrbanFood Factory 1,%202011 MNPreservationist%20Archives/2011/Issue%20 http://www studentpapers/Papers/midtownglobalmarket http://www files/2011%20Financials http://www Helpful links: $99,999) level ($1,000- Support 40 donorsat theMarket BuilderlevelMarket ($100K-$249,999) andnearly FounderMarket level ($250K+),10donorsat the 20donorsat includednearly the supporters corporations andindividualdonors numerous foundations, government entities, isfundedbyThe Midtown GlobalMarket businesses vendors andoperators ofitsvarioussubsidiary the employsMarket 4staffmembersandsupports storage, coolersdry andfreezers alternative modeaccess and rapid transit routes that provide superior to aregional to “Rails Trails” bikesuperhighway One ofthekeyattributes ofthesite isitsproximity neighborhoods, andthelocalfood community thesurrounding PhillipsMarket, andPowderhorn . 53 acres for whichprovides afleet ampleparking . . .

pdf . . . mnpreservation macalester ndc-mn . The buildingrequired extensive . org/sites/default/ . 4M or$28/SF(significantly . edu/urbanstudies/ . . pdf The basement includes . The owner found a . org/pdf/ . Their Food“Urban . . Midtown Global 9M) . The $5million . Market Market . The site is . The site . pdf . . The

on interest savings of 175basispoints to Classic bond for permanentfinancing purchased from thestate thetax-exempt industrial loan financing for theproject,andsubsequently Coast Bankprovided acquisition andconstruction ten years, covered ofthecost two-thirds Oregon bond, industrial at 5percent interest over finance package toolsMultiple resulted inaninnovative project edible landscapeofherbs market farmers inadditionto aterrace hostaweekendparking An 800SFlower patio withwidenedsidewalks and watch food firsthand production retail space may peerinto to theexhibition kitchen is a1,407SFretail space space works inthegallery revitalizationneighborhood reinforce and activity thesenseofcommunity costs and, thus, andkitchen reducethe gallery lighting opposing thesheardividerprovide daylighting for free ofcharge) associationneighborhood meetings, etc displays, events,artist community fundraisers, for local from gallery a2,340SFpubliccommunity kitchen foot-long sheerglass A fifty wall divides the reduced price lunchprograms for children demonstrations, asasite for andfunctions free and alsoplays classesand kitchen hoststo cooking wholesale items likepastas, theexhibition the space remains flexible equipment isonwheelsto ensureof thekitchen at thefrontexhibition kitchen ofthebuilding recesses ofthesite, theowner created a6,480SF thanlocating theprocessingRather inthe kitchen brand loyalty inthecommunity while creating newrevenue streams andbuilding retail space helpedeliminate low access to food The buildingsite andthe isinaformer food desert cost would have beenfor counterpart asuburban in thebuilding redevelopment costs, andallthenewequipment of improved usablebuildingarea, allhard andsoft land andallitsimprovements, 43,458square feet . Glowing windows nighttime during events . . Abankofeleven 5’x12’ windows This was significantly lessthanthe . . The terrace issurrounded by an A$3 . 3 million, tax-exempt 3 million,tax-exempt . Patrons and inthegallery . . .

Adjacent to thegallery In additionto prepping In . Local artists display Local artists . This move passed .

. West . (all .

. Most Most .

2 26 Farm to Family Naturally Greenhouse –allthree will Farm to Family Naturally Food Center, Distribution enterprises: Farm to Family Naturally Supermarket, rooftop greenhouse the 1 withaggregation facility on anddistribution story 29,950SFhistorical buildinginto afour4-story a redevelopment area planned adaptive reuse ofaformer hospitalin The St The Food Hubat Lafayette Square (planned) tax credits to receiveexpects about$180,000infederal energy completion Classic ofitsLEEDPlatinum certification, thereby halvingwater-heating nearly costs to preheat water for andbathrooms, thekitchen transfers heat from therefrigeration condensers this designation inOregon facility to achieve first manufacturing itthe Design (LEED) making Platinum certification, for Leadership inEnergy andEnvironmental in thefinalstagesof commissioning andqualifies practices, materials, andprocesses the incorporation ofgreen ofavariety building comes from energy savings attained through Longer-term finance inproject sustainability costs—was from paidinasequity ClassicFoods $1 costs for sustainablebuildingfeatures came from EnergyTrust ofOregon to offset some Improvement Program addition, thePDCgranted $20,000 from itsStorefront both at a4percent interest rate over five years loan, anda$200,000kitchen-equipment property provided (PDC) a$250,000acquisition loanfor the practice eligible energy improvement costs over standard $40,000 business energy taxcredit incentives (BETC) ofabout over thelife oftheloan Foods, thereby saving $850,000ininterest nearly MachtUrbanFood nd Source: http://urbanland.uli.org/Articles/2012/Jan/ . floor, aquaculture onthe3 facility 2 million—about one quarter of total project oftotal project 2 million—aboutonequarter st floor, onthe food processing andpacking . Louis Food Hubat Lafayette Square isa . . The BETC program covers 50percent of The Portland Development Commission .

26 . Among othersavings, asystem . The willhousethree project . . . Oregon alsoapproved Another $17,000 in grants Another $17,000ingrants Renovation involves a . The buildingis . The remaining rd floorand . Upon Upon . In In . and delivers to products daycare centers, buying which hasmore than5,000customers aweek retail outlet, theSappington Farmers Market, offers awide throughrange ofproducts its own within 250milesofSt sells produce from more than200familyfarms a privately heldcompany that aggregates and Farm to Family Naturally, establishedin2007,is asfor-profitbe structured socialenterprises Historic Historic Tax Credits, andconventional financing Community Improvement resources, District Finance Bankloans, Tax Increment Financing, of NewMarket Tax Credits, Development Missouri is $15M market from theimmediate area andthegreater St destination development that willdraw visitors timelivable wage jobsandcreateplus 50part willcreateproject 150full-timelivable wage jobs As aneconomic development generator, the outfitted facility to grow fishandleafy vegetables plus a5,000SFon-site aquaponics/greenhouse storegrocery specializinginthesaleoflocalfoods center,and distribution a35,000SFfull-service willincludea27,200SFfoodThe facility processing operations, aswell to assellingdirectly consumers networks, andinstitutionalfoodservice service Plans to includedistribution corner stores, human in areas withlimited access to healthy fresh food expand itsreach into theSt to food establishthis67,200-square-foot hubto benefits andoffering education nutrition includingacceptingand consumer services, SNAP to Family Naturally offers ofproducer a variety clubs, schools, andafood-processing center . Estimated cost ofbuildoutandrenovation . The includestheuse fundingstructure . Louis, MO . Louis area, especially . The company . It plans It . . Louis .

Farm .

69 CITY KITCHEN

Appendix: Community Feedback Summary

71 CITY KITCHEN 72 No single grocery retailer Nosinglegrocery stood outasapreferred 1. Where doyou usually getfood for yourself and/ Themes fromtheCommunity Meetings ofquestions series Somali-Bantu) Latino/Spanish-speaking, Vietnamese, and Somali heavily represented inthestudyarea (theseinclude English Proficiency (LEP) communities that are inthenativeconducted languagesoftheLimited in English,aswell asthree meetings community included ageneral meetingconducted community components ofapotential food hub of afood hubandsolicitfeedback aboutthecore access inthecommunity, introduce theconcept meetings to obtaininformation aboutfood ofresidentsmet withavariety offour inaseries themonth ofMay,During team project members Community Background Outreach 2. What doyou, your family, oryour friends’ need/ CITY KITCHEN and electronics)? also sellsothergoodslike clothing, homegoods corner store, food orasuperstore bank, that or your family(for example, agrocery store, want at theplace where you get food? (Grocery participants) community Somali-Bantu from and theSomali superstore (particularly was mentioned for theconvenience of a culturally ingrained practice) that shoppingforwho reported agooddeal isa specials (especiallytrueamong the Vietnamese shoppers were willingto travel for discounts/ stores offer convenience at asignificantprice, to canned goods fruits, andmeat vegetables,inaddition dairy consumer choice food bankthat would stock deal ofinterest inaccess to acentrally located FederalSouth (for Asian foods) spices orotheringredients) on andmarkets the metro area (for Hallalmeats andspecialty (organic foods), onthefareastsideof markets Pueblo foods),Mi (Hispanic/Latino Sunflower tofrom Soopers more grocers King specialty like location for area residents . Eachgroup responded to thesame . . Recognition that corner . Responses ranged Responses . Some preference Some . There was agood . The meetings . Overall there seemedto bemixed interest in 4. What could happeninyour world that would residents and English-speaking Vietnamese 3. How doyou travel to where you getfood –do Participants inthefocus groups expressed a clearinterest indoublebucksprograms that supplies) andcost offruitsandvegetables with (despite needfor access food to emergency to qualifyduetoinability immigration status EBT considerable interest (particularly the Somali and considerable theSomali interest (particularly growing food for sale with somegroups showing or buying/receiving? offoods wouldsorts you beinterested inselling about your friends, family, orneighbors? What or salsasto thepublic, would you useit?How prepare andsellyour food suchas jams, sauces commercial kitchen/food hubcould helpyou make you want to grow your own food? a If residence oramajorbuslight rail stop walk )oftheirprimary distance (afive-minute source offresh food, preferably withinwalking indicated adesire for amore centrally located including transit andcarpools residentsSomali-Bantu ofmodes usedavariety stores, and Somali/ whileSpanish-speaking to andfrom grocery meansoftransport primary residents allindicated that anautomobile isthe you drive? Take bus? Walk? items stores inAmerican that are notcustomary orcultural with theexception specialty ofcertain they were ableto findmostofthe foods they want conveniently residentswould to store transport thegrocery shuttlethat interest serving inaneighborhood indicated thoughmany an service, participants was notviewed asadesirable delivery Grocery would makefresh produce more affordable applications andretailers whowould accept a desire for assistance withfood stamp/EBT offood,products/types store tours) education, community gathering space, specific delivery, food stampapplications, nutrition . Some concerns Some related to EBT useincluded . Most participants indicated that participants Most . All participants All participants . .

All ofthegroups expressed apreference for a 5. Should afood hubbeaplace where you could profession andtoo muchwork ontop ofajob that growing food would notbeconsidered a residents)Somali-Bantu andothersindicating equipment andmeetingspaces indivudal overhead costs through shared office business address for asmalloperation andreduce that could facility provideof ashared a services overcome to employmentlanguage andotherbarriers to for newimmigrants whohave many cultural, thatstructure could accelerate selfsufficiency interested incollectiveparticularly economic groupmembers (theSomali/Somali-Bantu was benefit a greater number of community forbusiness structure afood hubthat would in seeingthedevelopment ofacooperative businesses food hubto beanincubator space for smallfood people orotherservices… groupsnetworking withothersmallbusiness business planningassistance, training services, printers, copiers andotheroffice equipment, would you needsuchasaccess to computers, afood business? starting ofhelp What sorts to grow that business?Could you seeyourself afoodlearn how businessandget help to start potatoes, herbs, broccoli andwatermelon tomatoes, chilies, beans, spinach,corn, carrots, greater supplyoffresh produce including in Lakewood Farm Mountain operations like Harvest Gardens cited examples ofgood, intensive growing urban fresh produce for thecommunity) membersorincreasedcommunity thesupplyof ifthat created production jobsfor(particularly including on-site at production afood hubfacility of methods andgenerally seemedsupportive expressed interest intensive inlearning growing conversation theparticipants onthesubject an interest indoingso either grow for familyconsumption orexpressed (Vietnamese) . ) Participants heldafavorable view . interestThere was alsoparticular . All the participants desired a All the participants . However, anumberofparticipants . With additional . . Participants . There was littlepreference for general cooking Would you beinterested8. inhealthy classes cooking Walking distance from place ofresidence, afood7. If hubwas builtinthiscommunity, where All ofthegroups indicated apreference for a you thinkafood hubshouldbeadelivery Do 6. a familyrecipe for atraditional dish classes for supplemental income, suchassharing seemed to begreater interest inteaching cooking would have value to members community favorite recipes – were classes that cited ascooking conventional orhealthy grocery substitutionsfor to makeacultural dishusing foods found ina classes hub? interested inteaching classesat cooking afood classes andrecipe makeovers)? Would you be classes shouldoffer (suchashealthy cooking at afood hub? What doyou thinkthecooking or nutritioneducation iftheseclasseswere offered forcriteria afood hub light rail station were cited asthekeylocation centrally located orproximate to amajorbusor or busstop? to afood hubmore ifitwas by alight rail station do you thinkitshouldbelocated? Would you go cost over local, organic orotherbranding preference to withoutexception chooselower indicated that itisaculturally ingrained and cost) includedconvenientpossible (keyfactors access whenever smallfarmers produce to support expressed aninterest inoptingfor organic, local Vietnamese community, allofthegroups reasonable cost access to fresh fruitsandvegetables at a ifthat meant to direct consumer particularly food hubto aggregate anddistribute produce, their fruitsandvegetables from thissite? localfarmersandbuy/receivewant to support prepared inacommercial kitchen? Would you center for fresh fruitsandvegetables andfoods . However, recipe makeovers – suchashow . Vietnamese members community . With theexception ofthe . . For example, . .

There There were clearpreferences that community 10. Should afood hubhostsocial events, like a Healthy recipe makeovers oftraditional dishes 9. Would you beinterested inlearninghealthy component ofafood hubasthere are alack of gathering spaces would bean important food? festival, that promote cultural traditions around prized residents by Somali/Somali-Bantu meat aswell asfor asource ofjobsthat would be slaughter bothfor asupplyofthefreshest Hallal that wouldin afacility provide smallanimal andthere isinterest cultural activity an important Participants alsoindicated that goat slaughter is travel great distances to findagoodsupply diet andresidentsSomali-Bantu are willingto stapleoftheSomali/ important is aparticularly eggs) andlocal/organic products dairy, meat, raised (particularly animalproducts and spices, aswell assustainablyandhumanely rice varieties, hallalmeat, couscous varieties stores includingfishsauce, green bananas, yucca, foods were hard to findin conventional grocery Participants mentioned that lotsofspecialty were appealingto mostoftheparticipants foods ifthey were available at afood hub? culture? Would you want to buyorreceive these culture? offood to yourWhat are important sorts recipes for to dishesthat your are important roof that unites allofthesefood traditions underone to create avibrantabout theopportunity food hub and Italian area including Vietnamese, Latino, African, Jewish so many uniquecultural identities withinthestudy (Latino) andtamales sambusas (Somali/Somali-Bantu) (Vietnamese), offs for traditional disheslikepho would beinteresting for afood hubto offer cook- among respondents work for theclass, providing $50ofpay for anhourof approximately would pay $5each 10participants . . Such an arrangement seemed very desirable desirable Suchanarrangement seemedvery . Eachgroup mentioned of theintersection . There was considerable discussion . Participants alsothought it . Hallalmeat . . .

groupThe Somali/Somali-Bantu indicated the 11. Doyou have any questionsaboutthe food hub meat, dairy andeggsinadditionto fresh produce,meat, dairy todirect consumer access to fresh food (include and agrocery/market/food bankthat provides center to helpindividualsgrow afood business, ownership optionswithabusinessincubation that incorporates producer-consumer-vendor hallal meat), acooperative businessstructure animal slaughterhouse to ensure asupplyof processing center/kitchen (including asmall ofafoodtop three hubwould services bea neighbors? would appealto you, your friends, familiesor thefood hubcould2-3 services offer that to buildinthiscommunity? What are thetop concept? Doyou thinkafood hubisimportant would behighlydesirable facilities support areoften too needed expensive orlacking ofthecelebration part yet stay visionary; identify ways to integrateyet stay visionary; more affordability, nutrition value and convenience) process,in thedecisionmaking focus onfood existing (incorporate community to serve them local/organic/sustainable foods; food hub needs items; emphasison eggs)andspecialty milk, (butter, products – staplesplusaccess to dairy group indicated shopping theneedfor one-stop anddisabled) elderly incorporating universal design to accommodate butnotremovedsupervision from theactivity; bathrooms, achildren’s corral withinthespace for facilities includingchairs/tables/otherequipment, event andoutfitted withsufficient support kitchen event space (ofasubstantial size withateaching/ ofparking, with alittlebitofeverything,plenty elements ofafood hubwould beacentral location focus groupspeaking indicated that thekey goodsandcannedgoods) dry social events inwhichfood plays asignificant accommodate familygatheringsandcommunity andsufficient spaceadequate to parking facilities,such spaces withkitchen restrooms, . Free space orlow-cost rental . The English-speaking . What spaces are available . . The Spanish-

73 CITY KITCHEN 74 CITY KITCHEN would be a key partner offood activities would beakeypartner (a Vietnamese organizing community entity) and indicatedwould that BigHeart beimportant; way cultural traditions inanon-denominational creating anatmosphere that celebrates food components ofafood hub;alsoindicated athat food stamp/EBT applications would becritical indicated that afood bankandassistance with one roof mass) (critical food system under organizations andactivities with otherorganizations adiversity of andbring items, seeds/plants, partner knowledge/training); exchange CSA options(oversupply ofcertain . The Vietnamese group . schools to start this partnership conversation, thispartnership and to start West Denver proves implementers for afood orany hubproject ofitscomponents The stakeholderfeedback combined withthecatalytic project destination food hub with the assortment of services outlined outlined ofservices destination food hubwiththeassortment initiating healthy food access withlocal program partnerships activities from starting neighborhood cooperative neighborhood from gardens starting activities to food access issues, althoughtheyare notnecessarily working concluded thatinvolved there are multipleparties insolving community health community of food hubproject in this plan will take partnership involvementin thisplanwilltakepartnership from different with otherorganizations isnotalways apparent potential orfood ofapublicmarket hubinthearea ofSun and thetechnical challengesrelated to initiating any type Valley andDecatur-Federal station area provides alogical starting point for futurestarting implementation background information aboutthefood access industry . to be a perfect market to market initiate inthe future aproject to beaperfect Program needsare different, thusincentive to partner experts involvedexperts supply, inproduction, marketing, and together This studyincludesasubstantial amount ofdetailed . Today, thesegroups are engaged inmultiple . City Kitchen asaconcept Kitchen City isagoodplace . This information canbeusefulto future Conclusion . This studyalso . However, a . .

75 CITY KITCHEN