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BLAS CABRERA Rector and Universal Scientist BLAS CABRERA Rector and Universal Scientist

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BLAS CABRERA Rector and Universal Scientist BLAS CABRERA Rector and Universal Scientist BLAS CABRERA rector and universal scientist BLAS CABRERA rector and universal scientist BIOGRAPHY 1878 Born in Arrecife de Lanzarote (Canary Islands). 1894 Beginning Law studies in Madrid, change to Physics, under 1931 Replaces Leonardo Torres Quevedo at the Secretary in the the influence of D. Santiago Ramón y Cajal (Nobel Prize of Me- International Comittee on Weights and Measures. dicine 1906). 1932 Creation and Direction of the “National Institute of Physics 1898 Degree in Physics-Mathematical Sciences at the Central Uni- and Chemistry”, with founds of the Rockefeller Foundation of Blas Cabrera in 1930 when he was versity Madrid 20 years. USA. His research was carried out in the Laboratory of Physical In- appointed Member of the Scientific Com- mittee of the Sixth Solvay Conference. vestigations. Until 1937. 1901 Doctor in Physical Sciences by the Central University of Madrid. Book of J.H. Van Vleck (1932) “Theory of Electric and Magnetic Suscep- First number of the “Anales de la Socie- dad Española de Física y Quimica”. Thesis: “On the diurnal variation of the horizontal component of the wind”. tibilities” Excellence Award. Assistant professor of electricity at the Faculty of Sciences. Madrid 1933 Participates in the creation of the International Summer 1903 Founder of the Spanish Society of Physics and Chemistry University of Santander. Rector in 1934 until 1936. (SEFQ) and of the Rewiev “Anales de la Sociedad Española de Física y Quimica”. The first President of the new society was José Echega- 1934 President of the Academy of Sciences of Madrid, until 1937. ray (Nobel Prize for Literature, 1904) Professor of Mathematical Physics at Faculty of Sciences of the Central University of Madrid 1934-1936 President of la “Junta de Relaciones Culturales”. Member from 1905. Blas Cabrera Felipe, director del Instituto of the Committee on International Cooperation of the League of Nacional de Física y Química en su Labo- Nations in Geneva. He was in Geneva the first days of July 1936. ratorio en 1932. 1905 Full Professor of Electricity and Magnetism at the Central 1936 Speech of entrance in the Spanish Academy (of the Langua- University of Madrid. ge), where it occupies the chair of its friend and teacher Ramón y Cajal. Discourse: “Evolution of physical concepts and language”. 1906 Married with María Sánchez Real. Beginning of the civil war in Spain. Return from Santander to 1910 Member of the” Royal Academy of Exact, Physical and Na- Madrid through France. tural Sciences” being received by its President José Echegaray. Re- ception speech “The ether and its relations with matter at rest”. 1937 He is exiled in Paris where P. Zeeman who was president of the International Committee of Weights and Measures, appoints Blas Cabrera Felipe at the age of twen- 1911 Director of the new Laboratory of “Investigaciones Fisicas” him secretary of the Committee, (from 1933 to 1941). Continues ty-seven. of the “Junta de Ampliación de Estudios. JAE ” until 1931. his research in the M. Cotton laboratory. Due to his residence in Pa- ris the Republic Spanish government removes his chair in Madrid. 1912 Travel to Zurich (Switzerland), pensioned by the JAE in order to learn the new experimental methods in magnetism with Pierre Weiss. 1937-39 Participates in the organization of the VIII Solvay Con- ference titled “Elementary particles and their inter actions” whose 1915 Travels through South America with Fernando de los Ríos, celebration was delayed by disease of its president P. Langevin and Doctor Honoris causa of several Universities. Honorary Professor finally suspended by World War II. of those of Mexico and Buenos Aires and member of the Acade- Meeting of the International Committee mies of Sciences of Lima and Bogota. of Weights and Measures in 1939. 1919 Doctor Honoris Causa by the University of Strasbourg. 1941 The government of General Franco requests his resignation as secretary of the International Committee of Weights and Mea- sures even though the position has nothing to do with the Spanish 1921 Member of the “International Committee of Weights and government. Moves to Mexico as Professor of Atomic Physics and Measures” based in Paris. History of Physics of the Faculty of Sciences of the Autonomous University of Mexico founded in 1938. Blas Cabrera1940, exile in París. 1923 Host visits Albert Einstein on his trip and stay in Spain. Crucial event for the social endorsement of physics in Spain. Blas Cabrera Einstein-Ehrenfest-Langevin-Kamerlingh- gives the speech of delivery of the Diploma of Academic to Einstein Onnes and Weiss in Leyden in 1920. 1944 Editor General of the journal “Ciencia”, edited by the Spani- in the Real Academy of Exact, Physical and Natural Sciences. sh scientists of exile. 1945 Dies in Mexico on August 1. Professor of Atomic Physics and History 1928 Sponsored by Pierre Langevin and Maurice de Broglie is of Physics of the Faculty of Sciences of appointed “Academic of Sciences of Paris”. the Autonomous University of Mexico. Elected to be part of the “Scientific Committee of the VI Solvay Conference”, on the proposal of Einstein and Marie Curie. 1929 Rector of the Central University of Madrid. onso XIII, Albert Einstein and Blas Cabrera among others, in an act celebrated in the Real Academy of Sciences on Sunday, March 4, 1923. Cover of the newspaper ABC. BLAS CABRERA rector and universal scientist BLAS CABRERA AND THE SANTANDER INTERNATIONAL SUMMER UNIVERSITY (UIVS) The Santander International Summer University, (Universidad In- ternacional de Verano de Santander. UIVS), was created in 1932 1935 The Rectorate of Cabrera remained. The university planning by the Republican government, on the initiative of the minister of the courses was not modified. Most significant courses: Fernando de los Rios. • “The Evolution of the Universe” (cosmogony, geology, paleon- tology, prehistory and origin of man). ”We are going to create the aristocracy of the spirit ... The International • The cosmic rays. A. Duperier. Summer University of Santander [the UIVS], nourished with Spanish and • “Radioactivity”, by Cabrera, Palacios and Catalan. foreign teachers, with scholars who will be students selected with criteria • Third centenary of Lope de Vega. based in competence and not due to their economic resources”. • Tribute to Ramón y Cajal. • Other cultural performances, Theater (La Barraca), etc. Impulse for scientific development consequence of new “regene- rationist ideas” emerged after 1898 (Independence of Cuba and Important Closing Address by Rector Cabrera. On the need for su- Philippines, last Spanish colonies). The coincidence of the intellec- pport for the continuity of the UIVS: tual generations of 14 and 27. (Silver age of Spanish science, art and culture). “Of course, it is necessary to think that it cannot be the State that supports everything. Is it that Santander is not interested in being the meeting place The Magdalena Peninsula became, during the summers of 1933 for men who govern the knowledge of the whole world? Notes course Cabrera, 1934. Photography: Pilar Marín Collection to 1936, the European scientific focus of reference. 1936 Cabrera arrives in Santander on July 14, 1936 from Geneva, where he attended the meetings of the” Committee of Internatio- It was inaugurated in 1933 with Ramon Menéndez Pidal as the nal Cooperation” of the League of Nations. first Rector. The palace of Magdalena, Santander, Ramón Menéndez Pidal Presidency of the University Board 15 Mem- 18 July, beginning of the Spanish Civil War. In those days very summer residence of the Kings of Spain, seized by the Republic and used as the bers among them, B. Cabrera, E. Moles and J. Palacios. tense political and social moments in the country. Even though the headquarters of the International Summer University, which Cabrera was rector of country was at war, the courses developed quite normally until the the courses of 1934.1936. Students, course 1934. end of August. Photography: Pilar Marín Collection. Significant courses: Visit Piccard of the University of Brussels spoke on “Ascension to • “Matter and Radiations”, by Blas Cabrera, Julio Palacios and the Stratosphere”: Miguel Catalán”. • “Aerodynamics and hydrodynamics” with Piccard, the aviator • “The physical.mathematical categories”, by Blas Cabrera and Herrera, de la Cierva and Acevedo. Xavier Zubiri”. • “Isotopía en Química” Hevesy, Paneth, Catalan and Cabre- Opening ceremony of the 1933 courses in the UIVS. • International Meeting of Chemical Sciences of the IVU in Au- ra,«Electromagnetic waves», by Cabrera and Zenneck gust of 1933, in preparation for the IX International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry, held in Madrid from April 5 to 11, 1934, promoted by Jose Giral (Professor of Chemistry and Concluded the courses Cabrera organized the departure of teachers Minister). Blas Cabrera participated with works in Magnetoche- and students on September 4 to Madrid passing through San Se- mistry, with his student Hans Fahlenbrach. bastian, Hendaye, Barcelona, Valencia and arrive in Madrid on 14 International Summer University in San- September. There he gives up the Rectorate of the University and tander. Course 1936. In the foreground Piccard, Cabrera and Herrera, surroun- the existence of the UIVS is concluded. ded by teachers and students. 1934 Blas Cabr era was appointed as Rector and the subject for the Courses was the “20th Century”. The program contained a After a few months and before the impossibility to continue dedi- balance between scientific and literary subjects: cated to the Science in Instituto de Fisica in Madrid and in seizing • Lectures on “The foundations of the new Physical.Mathematical the opportunity of a meeting of the “International Committee of Science” with Moles, Palacios, Terradas, Cabrera, Schrodinger Weights and Measures” stays in Paris, initially in the ”Colegio (Nobel Prize for Physics 1933), Fréchet and Grimm. de España”. In 1941, his request to be reintegrated to the Spanish • “Waves and Mechanics” by E. Schrödinger, translated into Spa- University, after the war, was rejected and he is exiled in Mexico.
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