19 International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors
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The Particle Zoo
219 8 The Particle Zoo 8.1 Introduction Around 1960 the situation in particle physics was very confusing. Elementary particlesa such as the photon, electron, muon and neutrino were known, but in addition many more particles were being discovered and almost any experiment added more to the list. The main property that these new particles had in common was that they were strongly interacting, meaning that they would interact strongly with protons and neutrons. In this they were different from photons, electrons, muons and neutrinos. A muon may actually traverse a nucleus without disturbing it, and a neutrino, being electrically neutral, may go through huge amounts of matter without any interaction. In other words, in some vague way these new particles seemed to belong to the same group of by Dr. Horst Wahl on 08/28/12. For personal use only. particles as the proton and neutron. In those days proton and neutron were mysterious as well, they seemed to be complicated compound states. At some point a classification scheme for all these particles including proton and neutron was introduced, and once that was done the situation clarified considerably. In that Facts And Mysteries In Elementary Particle Physics Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com era theoretical particle physics was dominated by Gell-Mann, who contributed enormously to that process of systematization and clarification. The result of this massive amount of experimental and theoretical work was the introduction of quarks, and the understanding that all those ‘new’ particles as well as the proton aWe call a particle elementary if we do not know of a further substructure. -
Discurso 03.Pdf
1 2 BUSCANDO LA MATERIA OSCURA DEL UNIVERSO EN FORMA DE PARTICULAS ELEMENTALES DEBILIES Depósito Legal: M-31269-2003 Imprime: Ibergráficas, S.A. Lope de Rueda, 11-13. 28009 Madrid 3 4 PREFACIO BUSCANDO LA MATERIA OSCURA Es un honor enorme ser nombrado Académico de Honor en la DEL UNIVERSO Academia de Ciencias e Ingenierías de Lanzarote, que ha nacido en el contexto del Centro Científico-Cultural Blas Cabrera. En particular, quiero dar las gracias EN FORMA DE PARTICULAS al Profesores Francisco González de Posada y Dominga Trujillo Jacinto del ELEMENTALES DEBILIES* Castillo por sus esfuerzos , ya que gracias a ellos tenemos desde hace muchos años este Centro en Arrecife. Así no nos olvidamos de las importantes obras científicas de mi abuelo Blas Cabrera Felipe y de la tradición científica en Lanzarote, Canarias y España. También quiero dar las gracias a mi tío José Cabrera Ramírez por ser el único que mantiene contacto con los que estamos a mucha distancia física, pero que nos acordamos de nuestra familia y de nuestros antepasados. Discurso leído en el acto de su recepción como Académico de Honor por el Prof. Dr. D. Blas Cabrera Navarro el 7 de julio de 2003 Arrecife (Lanzarote), Centro Científico-cultural Blas Cabrera Fig 1: Sixth Solvay Conference in 1930 held in Munich. * Based on invited talk and honorary membership in the newly formed “Academia de Ciencias e Ingenierias de Lanzarote” of at opening of “VII Cursos Universitarios de Verano en Canarias, Lanzatorte 2003” held at the “Centro Cientifico-Cultural – Blas Cabrera” in Arrecife, Lanzarote in the Ustedes me perdonaran las faltas de gramática y de pronunciación, Canary Islands, Spain, July 7, 2003. -
Thesis Title Year First Job Now BOSTON BRANDEIS
Thesis Title Year First Job Now BOSTON Jeremy Love A Search For Technicolor At The Large Hadron Collider 2012 ANL PD ANL Clare Bernard Standard model and exotic physics with the top quark at ATLAS 2014 Tamr Tamr Michael Kruskal A search for dark matter with bottom quarks 2016 MathWorks Alex Long WWW production at the LHC 2016 Insight Tamr Efe Yigibasi Search for Dark Matter Produced in Association with a Higgs Boson Decaying to $b\bar b$ using 36 fb$^{-1}$ of $pp$ collisions 2018 Alex Sherman Measurement of the production cross-section of a single top quark in association with a $Z$ boson in proton-proton c2018 BRANDEIS Scott Aefsky Search for a High-Mass Electron-Muon Resonance 2011 Fusion Research Co Sr. Data Scientist, Agero Dan Pomeroy Search for Lepton Flavor Violation in the e-mu Continuum 2012 Policy Advisor, MIT Internt Serdar Gozpinar Search for Excited Muons at 7TeV 2012 Natl Academy of Scientists SUNY Buffalo Faculty Eric Fitzgerald Search for New Physics in the Dilepton Channel 2013 SUNY Buffalo Faculty Data Scientist, Nike Laurel Coffman A Serach for New Physics with Electron-Tau Final States Using the ATLAS Detector at the LHC 2015 Public Education Public Education Keith Zengel Search for a heavy neutral particle decaying into e-mu, e-tau, or mu-tau final states in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV with the AT 2015 Lecturer Preceptor, Harvard Stefano Zambito Measurement of the Higgs Boson Production and Couplings in the Four-Lepton Decay Channel with the ATLAS Detector 2015 Harvard Harvard Lou Bianchini A Search for a Left-Right Symmetric Model with the ATLAS Detector 2016 Data Scientist in Industry Glenn Amundsen Search for excited muons decaing via a contact interaction in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detecto 2016 Financial Sector Financial Sector Alessio Ventufrini Searching for dark matter in the mono-jet channel with the ATLAS detector 2017 lastminute.com Financial Sector Kelsey Shea Stoddard Search for Heavy Neutral Leptons in pp Collisions at the LHC 2020 Industry- Satellite Imaging Co. -
Planck Mass Rotons As Cold Dark Matter and Quintessence* F
Planck Mass Rotons as Cold Dark Matter and Quintessence* F. Winterberg Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, USA Reprint requests to Prof. F. W.; Fax: (775) 784-1398 Z. Naturforsch. 57a, 202–204 (2002); received January 3, 2002 According to the Planck aether hypothesis, the vacuum of space is a superfluid made up of Planck mass particles, with the particles of the standard model explained as quasiparticle – excitations of this superfluid. Astrophysical data suggests that ≈70% of the vacuum energy, called quintessence, is a neg- ative pressure medium, with ≈26% cold dark matter and the remaining ≈4% baryonic matter and radi- ation. This division in parts is about the same as for rotons in superfluid helium, in terms of the Debye energy with a ≈70% energy gap and ≈25% kinetic energy. Having the structure of small vortices, the rotons act like a caviton fluid with a negative pressure. Replacing the Debye energy with the Planck en- ergy, it is conjectured that cold dark matter and quintessence are Planck mass rotons with an energy be- low the Planck energy. Key words: Analog Models of General Relativity. 1. Introduction The analogies between Yang Mills theories and vor- tex dynamics [3], and the analogies between general With greatly improved observational techniques a relativity and condensed matter physics [4 –10] sug- number of important facts about the physical content gest that string theory should perhaps be replaced by and large scale structure of our universe have emerged. some kind of vortex dynamics at the Planck scale. The They are: successful replacement of the bosonic string theory in 1. -
Absence of Landau Damping in Driven Three-Component Bose–Einstein
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Absence of Landau damping in driven three-component Bose– Einstein condensate in optical Received: 19 June 2017 Accepted: 10 July 2018 lattices Published: xx xx xxxx Gavriil Shchedrin, Daniel Jaschke & Lincoln D. Carr We explore the quantum many-body physics of a three-component Bose-Einstein condensate in an optical lattice driven by laser felds in V and Λ confgurations. We obtain exact analytical expressions for the energy spectrum and amplitudes of elementary excitations, and discover symmetries among them. We demonstrate that the applied laser felds induce a gap in the otherwise gapless Bogoliubov spectrum. We fnd that Landau damping of the collective modes above the energy of the gap is carried by laser-induced roton modes and is considerably suppressed compared to the phonon-mediated damping endemic to undriven scalar condensates Multicomponent Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) are a unique form of matter that allow one to explore coherent many-body phenomena in a macroscopic quantum system by manipulating its internal degrees of freedom1–3. Te ground state of alkali-based BECs, which includes 7Li, 23Na, and 87Rb, is characterized by the hyperfne spin F, that can be best probed in optical lattices, which liberate its 2F + 1 internal components and thus provides a direct access to its internal structure4–11. Driven three-component F = 1 BECs in V and Λ confgurations (see Fig. 1(b) and (c)) are totally distinct from two-component BECs3 due to the light interaction with three-level systems that results in the laser-induced coherence between excited states and ultimately leads to a number of fascinating physical phenomena, such as lasing without inversion (LWI)12,13, ultraslow light14,15, and quantum memory16. -
Physical Vacuum Is a Special Superfluid Medium
Physical vacuum is a special superfluid medium Valeriy I. Sbitnev∗ St. Petersburg B. P. Konstantinov Nuclear Physics Institute, NRC Kurchatov Institute, Gatchina, Leningrad district, 188350, Russia; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA (Dated: August 9, 2016) The Navier-Stokes equation contains two terms which have been subjected to slight modification: (a) the viscosity term depends of time (the viscosity in average on time is zero, but its variance is non-zero); (b) the pressure gradient contains an added term describing the quantum entropy gradient multiplied by the pressure. Owing to these modifications, the Navier-Stokes equation can be reduced to the Schr¨odingerequation describing behavior of a particle into the vacuum being as a superfluid medium. Vortex structures arising in this medium show infinitely long life owing to zeroth average viscosity. The non-zero variance describes exchange of the vortex energy with zero-point energy of the vacuum. Radius of the vortex trembles around some average value. This observation sheds the light to the Zitterbewegung phenomenon. The long-lived vortex has a non-zero core where the vortex velocity vanishes. Keywords: Navier-Stokes; Schr¨odinger; zero-point fluctuations; superfluid vacuum; vortex; Bohmian trajectory; interference I. INTRODUCTION registered. Instead, the wave function represents it existence within an experimental scene [13]. A dramatic situation in physical understand- Another interpretation was proposed by Louis ing of the nature emerged in the late of 19th cen- de Broglie [18], which permits to explain such an tury. Observed phenomena on micro scales came experiment. In de Broglie's wave mechanics and into contradiction with the general positions of the double solution theory there are two waves. -
Supersymmetry!
The Cosmos … Time Space … and the LHC John ELLIS, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland 300,000 Formation years of atoms 3 Formation minutes of nuclei Formation 1 micro- of protons second & neutrons Origin of dark matter? 1 pico- Appearance second of mass? Origin of Matter? A Strange Recipe for a Universe Ordinary Matter The ‘Concordance Model’ prompted by astrophysics & cosmology Open Cosmological Questions • Where did the matter come from? LHC? 1 proton for every 1,000,000,000 photons • What is the dark matter? LHC? Much more than the normal matter • What is the dark energy? LHC? Even more than the dark matter • Why is the Universe so big and old? LHC? Mechanism for cosmological inflation Need particle physics to answer these questions The Very Early Universe • Size: a zero • Age: t zero • Temperature: T large T ~ 1/a, t ~ 1/T2 • Energies: E ~ T • Rough magnitudes: T ~ 10,000,000,000 degrees E ~ 1 MeV ~ mass of electron t ~ 1 second Need particle physics to describe earlier history DarkDark MatterMatter in in the the Universe Universe Astronomers say thatAstronomers most of tellthe matterus that mostin the of the Universematter in theis invisibleuniverse is Darkinvisible Matter „Supersymmetric‟ particles ? WeWe shallwill look look for for it themwith thewith LHC the LHC Where does the Matter come from? Dirac predicted the existence of antimatter: same mass opposite internal properties: electric charge, … Discovered in cosmic rays Studied using accelerators Matter and antimatter not quite equal and opposite: WHY? 2008 Nobel Physics Prize: Kobayashi -
Exploring the Stability and Dynamics of Dipolar Matter-Wave Dark Solitons
PHYSICAL REVIEW A 93, 063617 (2016) Exploring the stability and dynamics of dipolar matter-wave dark solitons M. J. Edmonds,1 T. Bland,1 D. H. J. O’Dell,2 and N. G. Parker1 1Joint Quantum Centre Durham–Newcastle, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom 2Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1, Canada (Received 4 March 2016; published 15 June 2016) We study the stability, form, and interaction of single and multiple dark solitons in quasi-one-dimensional dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates. The solitons are found numerically as stationary solutions in the moving frame of a nonlocal Gross Pitaevskii equation and characterized as a function of the key experimental parameters, namely the ratio of the dipolar atomic interactions to the van der Waals interactions, the polarization angle, and the condensate width. The solutions and their integrals of motion are strongly affected by the phonon and roton instabilities of the system. Dipolar matter-wave dark solitons propagate without dispersion and collide elastically away from these instabilities, with the dipolar interactions contributing an additional repulsion or attraction to the soliton-soliton interaction. However, close to the instabilities, the collisions are weakly dissipative. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.93.063617 I. INTRODUCTION the atoms and their interactions using lasers as well as magnetic and electric fields. This, for example, has led to proposals to Solitary waves, or solitons, are excitations of nonlinear access exotic solitons such as in spin-orbit coupled conden- systems that possess both wavelike and particle-like qual- sates [21–23], chiral solitons in “interacting” gauge theories ities. -
Ultra-Weak Gravitational Field Theory Daniel Korenblum
Ultra-weak gravitational field theory Daniel Korenblum To cite this version: Daniel Korenblum. Ultra-weak gravitational field theory. 2018. hal-01888978 HAL Id: hal-01888978 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01888978 Preprint submitted on 5 Oct 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Ultra-weak gravitational field theory Daniel KORENBLUM [email protected] April 2018 Abstract The standard model of the Big Bang cosmology model ΛCDM 1 considers that more than 95 % of the matter of the Universe consists of particles and energy of unknown forms. It is likely that General Relativity (GR)2, which is not a quantum theory of gravitation, needs to be revised in order to free the cosmological model of dark matter and dark energy. The purpose of this document, whose approach is to hypothesize the existence of the graviton, is to enrich the GR to make it consistent with astronomical observations and the hypothesis of a fully baryonic Universe while maintaining the formalism at the origin of its success. The proposed new model is based on the quantum character of the gravitational field. This non-intrusive approach offers a privileged theoretical framework for probing the properties of the regime of ultra-weak gravitational fields in which the large structures of the Universe are im- mersed. -
SNOWMASS21-CF1 CF0-079.Pdf 1.50MB 2020-08
Snowmass2021 - Letter of Interest Multi-ton scale bubble chambers Topical Group(s): (check all that apply by copying/pasting ☐/☑) ☑ (CF1) Dark Matter: Particle Like ☐ (CF2) Dark Matter: Wavelike ☐ (CF3) Dark Matter: Cosmic Probes ☐ (CF4) Dark Energy and Cosmic Acceleration: The Modern Universe ☐ (CF5) Dark Energy and Cosmic Acceleration: Cosmic Dawn and Before ☐ (CF6) Dark Energy and Cosmic Acceleration: Complementarity of Probes and New Facilities ☐ (CF7) Cosmic Probes of Fundamental Physics ☐ (Other) [Please specify frontier/topical group] Contact Information: Alan Robinson (Université de Montréal) [[email protected]] Collaboration: PICO Collaboration Abstract: (maximum 200 words) Bubble chambers are outstanding instruments for dark matter searches with sensitivity to numerous dark matter-nucleon couplings while maintaining low inherent sensitivity to electron-recoils from background radiation. The PICO collaboration has pushed the forefront of spin-dependent sensitivity in operating several generations of ever larger bubble chambers. The first components of the ton-scale PICO-500 detector are currently under construction. PICO is interested in developing this inexpensive and reliable technology to allow 50t scale detectors that will exceed the sensitivity to spin-dependent dark-matter/nucleon couplings that other targets can attain due to neutrino backgrounds. Bubble chambers also promise excellent versatility by allowing for changes of target material to determine coupling parameters of a dark matter candidate. Our proposed white paper will explore the key figures of merit and modest advances in detector development required to construct a 50-ton bubble chamber to search for dark matter. SNOWMASS 2021 - CF1 LOI - Multi-ton scale bubble chambers 2 of 5 The PICO collaboration and the COUPP collaboration before it have developed bubble chambers into a sensitive and cost-effective method for building ton-scale dark matter detectors. -
Neutrinos and Cosmology
Neutrinos and Cosmology 16th December 2019 NuPhys 2019, London Eleonora Di Valentino University of Manchester Introduction to cosmology The Universe originates from a hot Big Bang. The primordial plasma in thermodynamic equilibrium cools with the expansion of the Universe. It passes through the phase of recombination, where electrons and protons combine into hydrogen atoms, and decoupling, in which the Universe becomes transparent to the motion of photons. The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) is the radiation coming from the recombination, emitted about 13 billion years ago, just 400,000 years after the Big Bang. The CMB provides an unexcelled probe of the early Universe and today it is a black body a temperature T=2.726K. Introduction to CMB Planck 2018, Aghanim et al., arXiv:1807.06209 [astro-ph.CO] An important tool of research in cosmology is the angular power spectrum of CMB temperature anisotropies. 3 Introduction to CMB Theoretical model Cosmological parameters: 2 2 (Ωbh , Ωmh , h , ns , τ, Σmν ) DATA PARAMETER 4 CONSTRAINTS Introduction to CMB We can extract 4 independent angular spectra from the CMB: • Temperature • Cross Temperature Polarization type E • Polarization type E (density fluctuations) • Polarization type B (gravitational waves) Introduction to CMB From one side we have very accurate theoretical predictions on their angular power spectra while on the other side we have extremely precise measurements, culminated with the recent 2018 legacy release from the Planck satellite experiment. 6 Planck satellite experiment ● Frequency range of 30GHz to 857GHz; ● Orbit around L2; ● Composed by 2 instruments: ➔ LFI → 1.5 meters telescope; array of 22 differential receivers that measure the signal from the sky comparing with a black body at 4.5K. -
Smutty Alchemy
University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies The Vault: Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2021-01-18 Smutty Alchemy Smith, Mallory E. Land Smith, M. E. L. (2021). Smutty Alchemy (Unpublished doctoral thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. http://hdl.handle.net/1880/113019 doctoral thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Smutty Alchemy by Mallory E. Land Smith A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY GRADUATE PROGRAM IN ENGLISH CALGARY, ALBERTA JANUARY, 2021 © Mallory E. Land Smith 2021 MELS ii Abstract Sina Queyras, in the essay “Lyric Conceptualism: A Manifesto in Progress,” describes the Lyric Conceptualist as a poet capable of recognizing the effects of disparate movements and employing a variety of lyric, conceptual, and language poetry techniques to continue to innovate in poetry without dismissing the work of other schools of poetic thought. Queyras sees the lyric conceptualist as an artistic curator who collects, modifies, selects, synthesizes, and adapts, to create verse that is both conceptual and accessible, using relevant materials and techniques from the past and present. This dissertation responds to Queyras’s idea with a collection of original poems in the lyric conceptualist mode, supported by a critical exegesis of that work.