Rethinking Migration and Return in Southeastern Europe

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Rethinking Migration and Return in Southeastern Europe Rethinking Migration and Return in Southeastern Europe This book provides an important new analytical framework for making sense of return, remigration, and circular mobility, conceptualising them as different phases of a wider migration process. Using an in-depth case study of Albania and its two main destination countries, Italy and Greece, the book demonstrates that instead of being viewed as a linear path between origin and destination, migration should be seen as a segmented or cyclical pattern that may involve several local- ities and more than two countries. Characterized by important previous historical, social, economic, and political linkages, geographical proxi- mity, but also high migration volatility and sustained flows in either directions, Albanian migration to Italy and Greece offers an optimal case study for analysing complex return, reintegration, and mobility processes. While interesting as a unique regional migration system, the lessons learned cast light on important migration and mobility dynam- ics that are relevant for labour migration in Europe, also from other important migrant origin countries in the EU’s neighbourhood such as for instance Morocco or the Ukraine. This rich theoretical and empirical study will be of interest to researchers within European studies and migration studies, as well as providing a useful contribution to policy debates on how to govern return migration, reintegration, and circular migration. Eda Gemi is Senior Lecturer at the University of New York Tirana. Anna Triandafyllidou holds the Canada Excellence Research Chair in Migration and Integration at Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada. She is Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Immigrant and Refugee Studies. Routledge Research on the Global Politics of Migration Rethinking Security in the Age of Migration Trust and Emancipation in Europe Ali Bilgic Citizenship, Migrant Activism and the Politics of Movement Peter Nyers and Kim Rygiel Migration and Insecurity Citizenship and Social Inclusion in a Transnational Era Niklaus Steiner, Robert Mason, and Anna Hayes Migrants, Borders and Global Capitalism West African Labour Mobility and EU Borders Hannah Cross International Political Theory and the Refugee Problem Natasha Saunders Calais and its Border Politics From Control to Demolition Yasmin Ibrahim and Anita Howarth Liquid Borders Migration as Resistance Edited by Mabel Moraña Rethinking Migration and Return in Southeastern Europe Albanian Mobilities to and from Italy and Greece Eda Gemi and Anna Triandafyllidou Rethinking Migration and Return in Southeastern Europe Albanian Mobilities to and from Italy and Greece Eda Gemi and Anna Triandafyllidou First published 2021 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2021 Eda Gemi and Anna Triandafyllidou The right of Eda Gemi and Anna Triandafyllidou to be identified as authors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. The Open Access version of this book, available at www. taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Gemi, Eda, author. | Triandafyllidou, Anna, author. Title: Rethinking migration and return in Southeastern Europe : Albanian mobilities to and from Italy and Greece / Eda Gemi and Anna Triandafyllidou. Description: Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021. | Series: Routledge research on the global politics of migration | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2020048793 (print) | LCCN 2020048794 (ebook) | ISBN 9780367361785 (hardback) | ISBN 9780429344343 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Return migration--Albania. | Albania--Emigration and immigration. | Italy--Emigration and immigration. | Greece-- Emigration and immigration. Classification: LCC JV8296 .G46 2021 (print) | LCC JV8296 (ebook) | DDC 304.8094965--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020048793 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020048794 ISBN: 978-0-367-36178-5 (hbk) ISBN: 978-0-429-34434-3 (ebk) Typeset in Times New Roman by Taylor & Francis Books Contents List of illustrations vi Preface vii 1 Rethinking return, reintegration, and mobility in southeastern Europe 1 2 Setting the analytical framework: Reconceptualizing return, reintegration, and mobility 11 3 Return mobilities of first-generation Albanians: Reconciling the rupture of disintegration and negotiating the future 41 4 Return mobilities of the second generation: Between disintegration and hybrid identities 83 5 A typology of return, reintegration, and onward mobility 124 List of interviewees returned from Italy, 2014–2017 137 List of interviewees returned from Greece, 2014–2017 139 Second-generation interviewees, Italy and Greece, 2017 142 Index 145 Illustrations Figure 1.1 The migration space 4 Tables 1.1 List of interviews, 2014–2017 6 3.1 Socio-demographic profile of returnees, 2014 43 3.2 Socio-demographic profile of returnees, 2017 44 3.3 Socio-demographic profile of second-generation returnees, 2017 47 5.1 Typology of return migration, re-integration, and mobility 134 Preface This book marks a 15-year collaboration and friendship that started at the seminar room of the Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy (ELIAMEP) when Eda started working at the EU-funded project POLITIS, on the civic participation of migrants in EU countries as one of our country experts. That was back in 2005. This collaboration has developed over several research projects, and has continued even when we both moved on to new jobs and new responsibilities, and also new geographical destinations. The origins of this book lie in our joint reflections on what drove many Albanian families during and after the most difficult years of the Greek financial crisis to return to Albania and what happened after this return. Did they stay? Did they manage to adapt? Did they move on? These questions became press- ing empirical and policy questions as the crisis continued, and as our ongoing work in the context of the METOIKOS project (funded by DG Home) and the IRMA project (funded by the Greek Secretariat for Research) showed that there was a substantial and continuous return flow from both Italy and Greece to Albania. Almost ironically, both of us have been ‘return migrants’ in our respective countries of origin, Albania and Greece, and know first-hand some of the dilem- mas, challenges as well as opportunities that this involves. We have also both been involved in onwards mobility and remigration. Work for this book started in 2014 and continued till 2017 thanks to the financial support of the Global Governance Programme of the European University Institute in Florence, Italy, where Anna had moved to in 2012. This limited funding made it possible for Eda to travel back to Albania and conduct interviews with returnees. As the work progressed, it became clear that it was important to include not only first-generation returnees, but also those that are not returning but rather moving back to their parents’ home country, notably the second gen- eration. We were thus able to delve deeper into their experiences, and viii Preface also to the academic literature, and identify some of the missing links between return, reintegration, and onward mobility, which this book seeks to fill. This research was completed in the summer of 2020, under a pandemic lockdown, thanks to some additional funding support from the Canada Excellence Research Chair in Migration and Integration Program of Ryerson University. One might argue that the many seas that this book has travelled reflect the transnational mobility experiences of our inter- viewees. We are grateful to our respective families for their patience and support during these years as research work often inundates what should be ‘free time’ and ‘family time’. This book is dedicated to our children, young cosmonauts of this mobile world. Eda Gemi, Athens/Tirane Anna Triandafyllidou, Toronto 20 October 2020 1 Rethinking return, reintegration, and mobility in southeastern Europe Introduction This book studies the return, remigration, and circular migration of Albanian citizens towards Italy and Greece in the 2010s. It develops a new analytical framework for making sense of return, remigration, and circular mobility by conceptualizing them as different phases of a wider migration process. We disentangle reintegration from return and question whether and how successful reintegration can discourage or encourage remigration, depending on the opportunity structure and motivations of the migrant. This book is inscribed in an innovative strand of the literature that brings together the study of return, reintegration, and remigration with that of circular migration – an
Recommended publications
  • Circular Migration Or Permanent Return: What Determines Different Forms of Migration?
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Vadean, Florin P.; Piracha, Matloob Working Paper Circular migration or permanent return: What determines different forms of migration? Department of Economics Discussion Paper, No. 09,12 Provided in Cooperation with: University of Kent, School of Economics Suggested Citation: Vadean, Florin P.; Piracha, Matloob (2009) : Circular migration or permanent return: What determines different forms of migration?, Department of Economics Discussion Paper, No. 09,12, University of Kent, Department of Economics, Canterbury This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/50588 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. www.econstor.eu University of Kent Department of Economics Discussion Papers Circular Migration or Permanent Return: What Determines Different Forms of Migration? Florin P.
    [Show full text]
  • Chaotic Descriptor Table
    Castle Oldskull Supplement CDT1: Chaotic Descriptor Table These ideas would require a few hours’ the players back to the temple of the more development to become truly useful, serpent people, I decide that she has some but I like the direction that things are going backstory. She’s an old jester-bard so I’d probably run with it. Maybe I’d even treasure hunter who got to the island by redesign dungeon level 4 to feature some magical means. This is simply because old gnome vaults and some deep gnome she’s so far from land and trade routes that lore too. I might even tie the whole it’s hard to justify any other reason for her situation to the gnome caves of C. S. Lewis, to be marooned here. She was captured by or the Nome King from L. Frank Baum’s the serpent people, who treated her as Ozma of Oz. Who knows? chattel, but she barely escaped. She’s delirious, trying to keep herself fed while she struggles to remember the command Example #13: word for her magical carpet. Malamhin of the Smooth Brow has some NPC in the Wilderness magical treasures, including a carpet of flying, a sword, some protection from serpents thingies (scrolls, amulets?) and a The PCs land on a deadly magical island of few other cool things. Talking to the PCs the serpent people, which they were meant and seeing their map will slowly bring her to explore years ago and the GM promptly back to her senses … and she wants forgot about it.
    [Show full text]
  • Renaissance Medals by G· F· Hill and G· Pollard Renaissance Medals from the Samuel H· Kress Collection at the National Gallery of Art
    COMPLETE CATALOGUE OF THE SAMUEL H· KRESS COLLECTION RENAISSANCE MEDALS BY G· F· HILL AND G· POLLARD RENAISSANCE MEDALS FROM THE SAMUEL H· KRESS COLLECTION AT THE NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART BASED ON THE CATALOGUE OF RENAISSANCE MEDALS IN THE GUSTAVE DREYFUS COLLECTION BY G·F·HILL REVISED AND ENLARGED BY GRAHAM POLLARD PUBLISHED BY THE PHAIDON PRESS FOR THE SAMUEL H·KRESS FOUNDATION THE REPRODUCTIONS IN THIS VOLUME ARE FROM NBW PHOTOGRAPHS TAKEN BY BULLATY-LOMBO PHOTOGRAPHERS' NBW YORK CITY ALL RIGHTS RESERVED BY PHAIDON PRESS LTD' LONDON SW 7 PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN I967 BY ROBERT MACLEIIOSE & CO. LTD A GLASGOW CONTENTS PREFACE page V11 INTRODUCTORY NOTE page IX CATALOGUE page 3 ILLUSTRATIONS page 133 CONCORDANCES page 273 INDEX OF INSCRIPTIONS page 278 GENERAL INDEX page 293 . INDEX OF PERSONS page 300 INDEX OF ARTISTS page 306 PREFACE HE first and only catalogue of the collection of medals formed by Gustave Dreyfus appeared in I93 I. Its author was Sir George Hill, who had studied the collection in depth when it was still T in Dreyfus' hands in the Boulevard Malesherbes in Paris. In a prefatory note, Hill observed that 'keenly as Gustave Dreyfus appreciated all his beautiful things, he had a particularly soft place in his heart for the Italian medals, and ... he would have agreed with the German critic who declared that the medallic art was par excellence the art of the Renaissance, the expression of the quintessence of the spirit of that age.' The preface continues with the tribute: 'His was perhaps the finest collection that has ever been in the hands of a private collector - the "perhaps" might be omitted, but that it is difficult to range the great collections in a true perspective.' Thanks to the Kress Foundation, the Dreyfus collection of medals was not dispersed, like so many other medallic collections, but is preserved intact in the National Gallery of Art in Washington, where it bears out Hill's claim to be regarded as the finest private collection of medals ever to have been formed.
    [Show full text]
  • A British Reflection: the Relationship Between Dante's Comedy and The
    A British Reflection: the Relationship between Dante’s Comedy and the Italian Fascist Movement and Regime during the 1920s and 1930s with references to the Risorgimento. Keon Esky A thesis submitted in fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. University of Sydney 2016 KEON ESKY Fig. 1 Raffaello Sanzio, ‘La Disputa’ (detail) 1510-11, Fresco - Stanza della Segnatura, Palazzi Pontifici, Vatican. KEON ESKY ii I dedicate this thesis to my late father who would have wanted me to embark on such a journey, and to my partner who with patience and love has never stopped believing that I could do it. KEON ESKY iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis owes a debt of gratitude to many people in many different countries, and indeed continents. They have all contributed in various measures to the completion of this endeavour. However, this study is deeply indebted first and foremost to my supervisor Dr. Francesco Borghesi. Without his assistance throughout these many years, this thesis would not have been possible. For his support, patience, motivation, and vast knowledge I shall be forever thankful. He truly was my Virgil. Besides my supervisor, I would like to thank the whole Department of Italian Studies at the University of Sydney, who have patiently worked with me and assisted me when I needed it. My sincere thanks go to Dr. Rubino and the rest of the committees that in the years have formed the panel for the Annual Reviews for their insightful comments and encouragement, but equally for their firm questioning, which helped me widening the scope of my research and accept other perspectives.
    [Show full text]
  • Mediterranean Crossroads: Determinants of Circular Migration in Spain, 1955-19731 March 19, 2021 José Antonio García-Barrero2
    Mediterranean Crossroads: Determinants of circular migration in Spain, 1955-19731 March 19, 2021 José Antonio García-Barrero2 Abstract In this paper, I study the determinants of circular migration in Spain during the rural exodus, 1955-1973. I use a unique and novel employer-employee micro-dataset of 10,761 observations of men and women working in the Balearic tourism industry during the period. The Spanish tourism boom in the Balearics constitutes an intense process of migrant assimilation based on circular migration. This case study allows me to analyse the factors explaining circular migration in Spain and shed light on the migrant location choice during the Spanish rural exodus. My results show that the socio-economic structure of the origin communities, skill requirements and migrant networks were key predictors of location choices. Migrants were more likely to migrate from rural towns where the labour demand peaks were complementary to the tourism season. These municipalities also characterised by more accessible and distributed land ownership. By contrast, migrant networks were crucial in determining migrant location choices in the areas where the levels of attachment to the source area were lower. Moreover, my findings also suggest abrupt adverse shocks in labour demand and lower literacy and disposable household income in the municipality of origin were strong predictors. These differential incentives played an important role in the heterogeneity of migrant location choices during the Spanish rural exodus. In these areas, higher investment and seasonal work opportunities in origin, and lower skill requirements and migrant networks in destination made more optimal migrating to Spanish tourism areas to the detriment of European countries and Spanish industrial hubs.
    [Show full text]
  • 8 August 2000
    INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC ACADEMY FOURTIETH SESSION 23 JULY - 8 AUGUST 2000 1 © 2001 International Olympic Committee Published and edited jointly by the International Olympic Committee and the International Olympic Academy 2 INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC ACADEMY 40TH SESSION FOR YOUNG PARTICIPANTS SPECIAL SUBJECT: OLYMPIC GAMES: ATHLETES AND SPECTATORS 23 JULY - 8 AUGUST 2000 ANCIENT OLYMPIA 3 EPHORIA (BOARD OF DIRECTORS) OF THE INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC ACADEMY President Nikos FILARETOS IOC Member Honorary life President Juan Antonio SAMARANCH IOC President 1st Vice-president George MOISSIDIS Member of the Hellenic Olympic Committee 2nd Vice-president Spiros ZANNIAS Honorary Vice-president Nikolaos YALOURIS Member ex-officio Lambis NIKOLAOU IOC Member President of the Hellenic Olympic Committee Dean Konstantinos GEORGIADIS Members Dimitris DIATHESSOPOULOS Secretary General of the Hellenic Olympic Committee Georgios YEROLIMBOS Ioannis THEODORAKOPOULOS President of the Greek Association of Sports Journalists Epaminondas KIRIAZIS Cultural Consultant Panagiotis GRAVALOS 4 IOC COMMISSION FOR CULTURE AND OLYMPIC EDUCATION President Zhenliang HE IOC member in China Vice-president Nikos FILARETOS IOC member in Greece Members Fernando Ferreira Lima BELLO IOC member in Portugal Valeriy BORZOV IOC member in Ukraine Ivan DIBOS IOC member in Peru Sinan ERDEM IOC member in Turkey Nat INDRAPANA IOC member in Thailand Carol Anne LETHEREN t IOC member in Canada Francis NYANGWESO IOC member in Uganda Lambis W. NIKOLAOU IOC member in Greece Mounir SABET IOC member in
    [Show full text]
  • (IOM) (2019) World Migration Report 2020
    WORLD MIGRATION REPORT 2020 The opinions expressed in the report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the International Organization for Migration (IOM). The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout the report do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IOM concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning its frontiers or boundaries. IOM is committed to the principle that humane and orderly migration benefits migrants and society. As an intergovernmental organization, IOM acts with its partners in the international community to: assist in meeting the operational challenges of migration; advance understanding of migration issues; encourage social and economic development through migration; and uphold the human dignity and well-being of migrants. This flagship World Migration Report has been produced in line with IOM’s Environment Policy and is available online only. Printed hard copies have not been made in order to reduce paper, printing and transportation impacts. The report is available for free download at www.iom.int/wmr. Publisher: International Organization for Migration 17 route des Morillons P.O. Box 17 1211 Geneva 19 Switzerland Tel.: +41 22 717 9111 Fax: +41 22 798 6150 Email: [email protected] Website: www.iom.int ISSN 1561-5502 e-ISBN 978-92-9068-789-4 Cover photos Top: Children from Taro island carry lighter items from IOM’s delivery of food aid funded by USAID, with transport support from the United Nations. © IOM 2013/Joe LOWRY Middle: Rice fields in Southern Bangladesh.
    [Show full text]
  • 2019-2020 Erasmus + Incoming Student Guide
    UNIVERSITY OF VLORA “ISMAIL QEMALI” ERASMUS + INCOMING STUDENT GUIDE 2019-2020 CONTENT DESTINATION - UNIVERSITY OF VLORA ........... 6 Climate and clothes ......................................32 Information about the University of Vlora ...........7 Mobile phone ................................................32 How to apply for a study exchange ...................... 8 Electrical equipment ..................................... 33 Inter - Institutional Agreements .......................... 9 Memorandum of Understanding ........................10 TRANSPORTATION TO VLORA ...................34 International relations office ................................11 By air .............................................................. 35 Academic coordinator...........................................11 By land ........................................................... 37 Student buddy ......................................................11 By sea .............................................................38 Faculties and departments ..................................12 General structure of studies ................................ 15 ARRIVAL TO VLORA .................................... 40 Academic calendar ............................................... 17 Local customs and etiquette ......................... 41 Location ................................................................19 Cuisine & restaurants ................................... 41 UNIVERSITY OF VLORA “ISMAIL QEMALI” Library .................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • ESIA Amendment Greece Section 2 - Description of Licensed Project
    ESIA Amendment Greece Section 2 - Description of licensed project Page 2 of 11 Area Comp. System Disc. Doc.- Ser. EXERGIA S.A. E.ON Technologies GmbH Code Code Code Code Type No. Project Title: Trans Adriatic Pipeline – TAP GPL00-EXG-642-Y-TAE-1003 Document Title: Section 2-Description of approved project Rev.: 00 Table of Contents 2 Description of Approved Project 3 2.1 TAP Project Overview 3 2.1.1 Project Rationale 3 2.1.2 Brief Technical Description 3 2.1.3 TAP System Throughput 4 2.1.4 Project Schedule 4 2.1.5 TAP Design Philosophy 5 2.1.6 Applicable Codes and Standards 5 2.2 Main Project Components in Greece 6 2.2.1 Pipeline 6 2.2.2 Block-Valve Stations (BVS) 7 2.2.3 Compressor Stations (CS) 7 2.2.3.1 Configuration 7 2.2.3.2 Layout and design 8 2.2.4 Temporary Facilities 8 2.2.4.1 Storage and Pipe Yards 8 2.2.4.2 Construction Camps 10 2.3 Project Progress since Permitting 11 List of Tables Table2TU 2-1 U2T Summary2TU of Installed Capacity at Compressor Stations – Approved Project Design U2T 8 Table2TU 2-2 U2T Location,2TU Area and Capacity of the Main Pipe Yards - Approved Project Design U2T 9 Table2TU 2-3 U2T Sites2TU Suitable for Camps - Approved Project Design U2T 10 List of Figures Figure2TU 2-1 U2T Southern2TU Gas Corridor U2T 3 Figure2TU 2-2 U2T TAP2TU Route in Greece U2T 4 Page 3 of 11 Area Comp.
    [Show full text]
  • Albania 2020 Report
    EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, 6.10.2020 SWD(2020) 354 final COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT Albania 2020 Report Accompanying the Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions 2020 Communication on EU Enlargement Policy {COM(2020) 660 final} - {SWD(2020) 350 final} - {SWD(2020) 351 final} - {SWD(2020) 352 final} - {SWD(2020) 353 final} - {SWD(2020) 355 final} - {SWD(2020) 356 final} EN EN Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION 3 1.1. Context 3 1.2. Summary of the report 4 2. FUNDAMENTALS FIRST: POLITICAL CRITERIA AND RULE OF LAW CHAPTERS 8 2.1. Functioning of democratic institutions and public administration reform 8 2.1.1 Democracy 8 2.1.2. Public administration reform 14 2.2.1. Chapter 23: Judiciary and fundamental rights 18 2.2.2. Chapter 24: Justice, freedom and security 37 3. FUNDAMENTALS FIRST: ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND COMPETITIVENESS 51 3.1. The existence of a functioning market economy 51 3.2. The capacity to cope with competitive pressure and market forces within the Union 57 4. GOOD NEIGHBOURLY RELATIONS AND REGIONAL COOPERATION 59 5. ABILITY TO ASSUME THE OBLIGATIONS OF MEMBERSHIP 62 5.1. Chapter 1: Free movement of goods 62 5.2. Chapter 2: Freedom of movement of workers 64 5.3. Chapter 3: Right of establishment and freedom to provide services 64 5.4. Chapter 4: Free movement of capital 65 5.5. Chapter 5: Public procurement 67 5.6. Chapter 6: Company law 69 5.7. Chapter 7: Intellectual property law 70 5.8.
    [Show full text]
  • ESIA Greece Annex 6.5.1 – East
    ESIA Greece East Annex 6.5.1 – Flora and Vegetation Baseline Study Page 2 of 82 Area Comp. System Disc. Doc.- Ser. Code Code Code Code Type No. Project Title: Trans Adriatic Pipeline – TAP Integrated ESIA Greece GPL00-ASP-642-Y-TAE-0061 Document Title: Annex 6.5.1 – East - Flora and Vegetation Baseline Rev.: 00 / at06 Study TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 4 1.1 General Information on the Vegetation and Flora of Central and East Macedonia and Thrace 4 1.2 Relevant Legislation 5 1.3 Scope of Work 6 2 METHODOLOGY 7 2.1 Flora sampling – identification 7 2.2 Habitat type/ Vegetation type identification 36 2.3 Limitation – Uncertainties – Biases 37 3 RESULTS 38 3.1 Population of Flora Taxa of Conservation interest within the Study Area 48 3.1.1 Protected Taxa 52 3.1.2 Endemic Taxa 54 3.1.3 Rare and Other Important species 55 3.1.4 Occurrence of plant species included in the 92/43/EEC Directive in the Project Area 56 3.2 Vegetation - Habitat types 57 3.2.1 Thermophilous Pine (Pinus halepensis subsp. brutia) Forests 66 3.2.2 Deciduous Oak (Quercus spp.) Forests 67 3.2.3 Shrubland communities 70 3.2.4 River and Stream Habitats 73 3.2.5 Grasslands 78 4 Key Findings 80 4.1 Key Taxa within the Study Area 80 4.2 Key habitat types within the Study Area 82 LIST OF TABLES Table 2-1 Land uses/ vegetation types within the Project area (Kipoi to Thessaloniki) 8 Table 2-2 Flora and Vegetation Sampling Locations 10 Table 3-1 Plant taxa identified during the fieldwork.
    [Show full text]
  • IN SEARCH of NEW OPPORTUNITIES Circular Migration Between Belarus and Poland, Slovakia and the Czech Republic – State of Play and Prospects for Cooperation
    IN SEARCH OF NEW OPPORTUNITIES Circular migration between Belarus and Poland, Slovakia and the Czech Republic – state of play and prospects for cooperation Edited by Agnieszka Kulesa and Piotr Kaźmierkiewicz With contributions from Ivan Lichner, Šárka Prát, Marek Radvanský and Andrei Yeliseyeu © CASE – Center for Social and Economic Research, Warsaw 2021 Graphic design: Differ Designs Tomasz Mostowski ISBN: 978-83-7178-705-8 (print), 978-83-7178-706-5 (online) Publisher CASE – Center for Social and Economic Research Al. Jana Pawła II 61/212 01-031 Warsaw Poland tel. +48 222 062 900 [email protected] www.case-research.eu This publication was developed in the frame of the project “CIRCMIGR: Improving circular migration between Belarus and Poland, Slovakia and Czechia” (Standard Grant Agreement no. 21930098) co-fi- nanced by the Governments of Czechia, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia through Visegrad Grants from International Visegrad Fund. The mission of the fund is to advance ideas for sustainable regional cooperation in Central Europe. Partners IN SEARCH OF NEW OPPORTUNITIES Circular migration between Belarus and Poland, Slovakia and the Czech Republic – state of play and prospects for cooperation Edited by Agnieszka Kulesa and Piotr Kaźmierkiewicz With contributions from Ivan Lichner, Šárka Prát, Marek Radvanský and Andrei Yeliseyeu CASE CASE – Center for Social and Economic Research is an independent, non-profit research institute founded on the idea that research-based policy-making is vital for the economic welfare of societies. Established in Warsaw in 1991, CASE today is recognized as the top think tank in Central and Eastern Europe and is one of the most highly regarded think tanks internationally.
    [Show full text]