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[The PROOF of FERMAT's LAST THEOREM] and [OTHER MATHEMATICAL MYSTERIES] the World's Most Famous Math Problem the World's Most Famous Math Problem
0Eft- [The PROOF of FERMAT'S LAST THEOREM] and [OTHER MATHEMATICAL MYSTERIES] The World's Most Famous Math Problem The World's Most Famous Math Problem [ THE PROOF OF FERMAT'S LAST THEOREM AND OTHER MATHEMATICAL MYSTERIES I Marilyn vos Savant ST. MARTIN'S PRESS NEW YORK For permission to reprint copyrighted material, grateful acknowledgement is made to the following sources: The American Association for the Advancement of Science: Excerpts from Science, Volume 261, July 2, 1993, C 1993 by the AAAS. Reprinted by permission. Birkhauser Boston: Excerpts from The Mathematical Experience by Philip J. Davis and Reuben Hersh © 1981 Birkhauser Boston. Reprinted by permission of Birkhau- ser Boston and the authors. The Chronicleof Higher Education: Excerpts from The Chronicle of Higher Education, July 7, 1993, C) 1993 Chronicle of HigherEducation. Reprinted by permission. The New York Times: Excerpts from The New York Times, June 24, 1993, X) 1993 The New York Times. Reprinted by permission. Excerpts from The New York Times, June 29, 1993, © 1993 The New York Times. Reprinted by permission. Cody Pfanstieh/ The poem on the subject of Fermat's last theorem is reprinted cour- tesy of Cody Pfanstiehl. Karl Rubin, Ph.D.: The sketch of Dr. Wiles's proof of Fermat's Last Theorem in- cluded in the Appendix is reprinted courtesy of Karl Rubin, Ph.D. Wesley Salmon, Ph.D.: Excerpts from Zeno's Paradoxes by Wesley Salmon, editor © 1970. Reprinted by permission of the editor. Scientific American: Excerpts from "Turing Machines," by John E. Hopcroft, Scientific American, May 1984, (D 1984 Scientific American, Inc. -
16, July 1987)
Noesis The Journal of the Poetic Society (Issue #16, July 1987) Editorial Ronald K. Hoeflin P. O. Box 7430 New York, NY 10116 New Admission Cut-off, Several members have expressed the view that it would be a good idea to reduce the Society's admission cut-off from a raw score of 43 to one of 42 on the Mega Test, since Omni maga- zine (April 1985) specified 42 as the cut-oft for the Mega Society. It soon became apparent that 42 was too low a cut-off for that society. I founded the Titan Society for those who had scored 43 or better on the Mega Test, thinking that this was about the one-in-100,000 level. My fourth norming of the Mega Test, published in issue #14 of this jour- nal, puts the cut off for the Mega Society, the one-in-a-million level, at a raw score of 45, while 43 appears now to correspond to the one-in- 300,000 level. I see no harm, therefore, in reducing our cut-off to 42, which appears to be about the one-in-225,000 level. The following nine persons are therefore eligible to join this group. I include hers one person who recently scored 46 on the Mega Test plus eight who scored 42. Two or three of our current thirteen members actually scored 42 on their first attempts at the Mega Teat, incidentally. Those who wish to join should send as $5 to cover dues for the remainder of 1987. Rush Elkins Gary H. -
Scientific American Mind Nov Dec 2012
SPECIAL ISSUE BEHAVIOR • BRAIN SCIENCE • INSIGHTS MNovember/DecemberI 2012 ND www.ScientificAmerican.com/Mind THINK LIKE A GENIUS How exceptional intelligence and creativity arise Creativity Male versus on Demand Female Intelligence How to Brainstorm How to Your Next Raise a Big Idea Gifted Child Meet the Animals: Real Evil Smarter Than Geniuses We Think © 2012 Scientific American Attention Flexibility Memory Problem Solving Speed Working memory Help pioneer the understanding and enhancement of the human brain. With 25 million users worldwide and the largest database on human cognition ever assembled, Lumosity’s platform enables leading research collaborators to understand human cognition at the next level. Lumosity brings brilliant minds together, building tools that help everyone take charge of their brain health. Unlock your potential. lumosity.com Untitled-1 1 9/20/12 4:40 PM (from the editor) ™ MBEHAVIOR • BRAININD SCIENCE • I N S I G H T S SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT AND EDITOR IN CHIEF: Mariette DiChristina MANAGING EDITOR: Sandra Upson EDITOR: Ingrid Wickelgren ART DIRECTOR: Patricia Nemoto ASSISTANT PHOTO EDITOR: Ann Chin COPY DIRECTOR: Maria-Christina Keller SENIOR COPY EDITOR: Daniel C. Schlenoff COPY EDITOR: Aaron Shattuck EDITORIAL ADMINISTRATOR: Avonelle Wing SENIOR SECRETARY: Maya Harty CONTRIBUTING EDITORS: Gareth Cook, David Dobbs, Robert Epstein, Emily Laber- Warren, Karen Schrock Simring, Victoria Stern MANAGING PRODUCTION EDITOR: Richard Hunt SENIOR PRODUCTION EDITOR: Michelle Wright BOARD OF ADVISERS: HAL ARKOWITZ: Associate Professor of Psychology, University of Arizona STEPHEN J. CECI: Professor of Developmental Psychology, Cornell University R. DOUGLAS FIELDS: Chief, Nervous System Development and Plasticity Section, National Real Genius Institutes of Health, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development “Imagine a world in which every work of genius was stripped away, a world with- S. -
Monty Hall Problem Wikipedia Monty Hall Problem from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
3/30/2017 Monty Hall problem Wikipedia Monty Hall problem From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Monty Hall problem is a brain teaser, in the form of a probability puzzle (Gruber, Krauss and others), loosely based on the American television game show Let's Make a Deal and named after its original host, Monty Hall. The problem was originally posed (and solved) in a letter by Steve Selvin to the American Statistician in 1975 (Selvin 1975a), (Selvin 1975b). It became famous as a question from a reader's letter quoted in Marilyn vos Savant's "Ask Marilyn" column in Parade magazine in 1990 (vos Savant 1990a): In search of a new car, the player picks a door, say 1. The Suppose you're on a game show, and you're given the choice of three doors: Behind one door is a car; behind the others, goats. You pick a door, say game host then opens one of No. 1, and the host, who knows what's behind the doors, opens another the other doors, say 3, to door, say No. 3, which has a goat. He then says to you, "Do you want to reveal a goat and offers to let pick door No. 2?" Is it to your advantage to switch your choice? the player pick door 2 instead of door 1. Vos Savant's response was that the contestant should switch to the other door (vos Savant 2 1990a). Under the standard assumptions, contestants who switch have a 3 chance of winning the car, while contestants who 1 stick to their initial choice have only a 3 chance. -
The Monty Hall Debate
The Monty Hall Debate The Monty Hall Debate FAIR USE NOTICE. This document contains copyrighted material whose use has not been specifically authorized by the copyright owner. The CHANCE project is making this material available as part of our mission to promote critical thinking about statistical issues. We believe that this constitutes a `fair use' of the copyrighted material as provided for in section 107 of the US Copyright Law. If you wish to use this copyrighted material for purposes of your own that go beyond `fair use', you must obtain permission from the copyright owner. Copyright 1991 The New York Times Company The New York Times, July 21, 1991, Sunday, Late Edition - Final SECTION: Section 1; Part 1; Page 1; Column 5; National Desk LENGTH: 1859 words HEADLINE: Behind Monty Hall's Doors: Puzzle, Debate and Answer? BYLINE: By JOHN TIERNEY, Special to The New York Times DATELINE: BEVERLY HILLS, Calif., July 20 BODY: Perhaps it was only an illusion, but for a moment here it seemed that an end might be in sight to the debate raging among mathematicians, readers of Parade magazine and fans of the television game show "Let's Make a Deal." They began arguing last September after Marilyn vos Savant published a puzzle in Parade. As readers of her "Ask Marilyn" column are reminded each week, Ms. vos Savant is listed in the Guinness Book of World Records Hall of Fame for "Highest I.Q.," but that credential did not impress the public when she answered this question from a reader: "Suppose you're on a game show, and you're given the choice of three doors: Behind one door is a car; behind the others, goats. -
Perceptions of Causes and Long-Term Effects of Academic Underachievement in High IQ Adults
Perceptions of Causes and Long-term Effects of Academic Underachievement in High IQ Adults A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Anne Madeleine Marie FAVIER-TOWNSEND School of Education University of Hertfordshire June 2014 Acknowledgements ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Motivation for undertaking this research came from my son’s educational experiences. This dissertation is dedicated to him and to all who have followed similar paths. The study could never have come to fruition without the foresight of my colleague, the late Dr Jenny Plastow, the advice, support and encouragement of my supervisors, Professor Helen Payne and Rosemary Allen and the members of Mensa, the High IQ Society, who participated in the study. The former guided me and encouraged me on my doctoral journey and the latter provided the rich data needed to understand the issues at stake. To all of the above and to my part-time research assistant, Marc Slater, I am truly thankful. Most of all I will be forever grateful to Rob, my husband ‘sans pareil’, for containing his bewilderment about my embarking on this academic venture at such an advanced age. His invaluable, yet discreet and very patient support has been tremendous and remarkable. As a by-product of these doctoral studies and my unavailability, he has become an even better cook as well as a poker champion. We are now both looking forward to getting our lives back on track and to enjoying joint ventures! Perceptions of Causes and Long-term Effects of Academic Underachievement in High IQ Adults Page 2 Abstract ABSTRACT A great deal is known and has been written about the difficulties that high IQ children can experience in the classroom when their special educational needs are not met. -
Jason Betts, B.Sc., Dip.M.Sc., Ph.D., D.Sc
An Interview with Dr. Jason Betts, B.Sc., Dip.M.Sc., Ph.D., D.Sc. SCOTT DOUGLAS JACOBSEN 1 IN-SIGHT PUBLISHING Published by In-Sight Publishing In-Sight Publishing Langley, British Columbia, Canada in-sightjournal.com First published in parts by In-Sight Publishing, a member of In-Sight Publishing, 2016 This edition published in 2016 © 2012-2016 by Scott Douglas Jacobsen and Dr. Jason Betts. All rights reserved. No parts of this collection may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised, in any form, or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented or created, which includes photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publisher. Published in Canada by In-Sight Publishing, British Columbia, Canada, 2016 Distributed by In-Sight Publishing, Langley, British Columbia, Canada In-Sight Publishing was established in 2014 as a not-for-profit alternative to the large, commercial publishing houses currently dominating the publishing industry. In-Sight Publishing operates in independent and public interests rather than for private gains, and is committed to publishing, in innovative ways, ways of community, cultural, educational, moral, personal, and social value that are often deemed insufficiently profitable. Thank you for the download of this e-book, your effort, interest, and time supporting independent publishing purposed for the encouragement of academic freedom, creativity, diverse voices, and independent thought. Cataloguing-in-Publication Data No official catalogue record for this book. Jacobsen, Scott Douglas & Betts, Jason, Author An Interview with Dr. Jason Betts, B.Sc., Dip.M.Sc., Ph.D., D.Sc. -
A Hall of Shame?
A Hall of shame? David S. Gunderson The daytime television game show Let's Make a Deal many from mathematicians at many prestigious univer- first aired in December 1963 on NBC, hosted for many sities and research centres! Two months after the first years by Monty Hall. One particular game on that round of vitriol, she devoted yet another column on show caused a great deal of controversy, in particular, the problem. Again, she quoted more readers: \Maybe among mathematicians. In \Ask Marilyn" [5], a col- women look at math problems differently than men." umn in the weekly newspaper insert magazine Parade, \You are the goat!" \May I suggest that you obtain appeared a letter from a reader asking about what is and refer to a standard textbook on probability before now known as \Monty Hall's Problem": you try to answer of a question of this type again?" The controversy reached the New York Times [8], where it Suppose you're on a game show and you're was mentioned that nearly 1000 Ph.D.'s wrote in to given the choice of three doors: Behind one disagree with Marilyn. In all, over 10,000 letters were is a car; behind the others, goats. You pick received, most of which disagreed with her. In [7], Mar- a door, say No. 1, and the host, who knows ilyn wrote \But math answers aren't determined by what's behind the doors, opens another door, votes" and held her ground. say No. 3, which has a goat. He then says to Surprisingly, if you switch, your probability of win- you, \Do you want to pick door No. -
Dr Evangelos Katsioulis, World Genius Directory
Dr Evangelos Katsioulis www.psiq.org • www.facebook.com/WorldGeniusDirectory _________________________________________________________________________________________ Dr Evangelos Katsioulis, World Genius Directory: 2013 Genius of the Year - Europe http://www.facebook.com/evangelos.katsioulis • http://www.katsioulis.com • http://www.iqsociety.org Famous For: Highest adult IQ in the world (2012): IQ 198, sd 15 or IQ 205, sd 16 (Yahoo! Finance, 2012 10 24) Highest adult IQ in the world (2010 - 2012): IQ 198, sd 15 (World Genius Directory, www.psiq.org) Highest IQ performance, Cerebrals Society International Contest: IQ 178 ± 5, sd 16, raw 92/100, (2009) GIGA Society Member: IQ 196, sd 16 membership requirement (2003) Highest IQ performance, Cerebrals Society N-VCPE-R International Contest: IQ 192, sd 16, raw 49/54, 2002 Highest performance in Physics among 11,732 examinees (150/160), Greek National Final Examinations, (1993) 3rd highest performance in mathematics in the city of Thessaloniki, Greek National Mathematical Contest, (1989) Organisations/Creator: ANADEIXI, Academy of Abilities Assessment (AAAA), World Intelligence Network (WIN), IQID Child IQ Society,QIQ High IQ Society, GRIQ High IQ Society, CIVIQ High IQ Society, HELLIQ High IQ Society, OLYMPIQ High IQ Society Organisations/Memberships: GIGA Society, ESOTERIQ Society, COLOSSUS Society, PARS Society, OLYMPIQ Society, SIGMA V, MEGA Society, PI Society, EXIMIA Society, MEGA Foundation, PROMETHEUS Society, HELLIQ Society, ULTRANET Society, ERGO Society, CAMP Archimedes Society, -
ARTICLE: “Prometheus Bound: Modeling Unselected Population
ACES: Articles, Columns, & Essays Prometheus Bound: Modeling Unselected Population Performance on a Graduate Admissions Test by John M. Boyer, PhD, MSPE; and Ruslan Kalitvianski, PhD, MSPE I. Introduction The well-known intelligence quotient (IQ) mean of 100 and standard deviation of 15 are characterizations of intelligence measurements of the population of adult human subjects, which, in this report, we will call the unselected population. The Greek letter μ (mu) is often used to denote the mean, and the Greek letter σ (sigma) is often used to denote standard deviation. Various high-IQ societies have entrance requirements that are at or near a certain number of standard deviations above the mean intelligence of the unselected population. For example, Mensa is sometimes called a 2σ society. Similarly, the International Society for Philosophical Enquiry (ISPE), the One-in-a-Thousand Society (OATHS), and the Triple Nine Society (TNS) are sometimes called 3σ societies because their entrance criteria are close to, but a little above, 3σ. One prominent high-IQ society, Prometheus, requires from its members a demonstrated intellectual power of at least 4σ above the mean. Percentiles are typically used by high-IQ societies to formally characterize the intelligence levels they require for admission. For examples, Mensa requires the 98th percentile; ISPE, OATHS, and TNS select at the 99.9th percentile; Prometheus requires the 99.997th percentile. While these organizations have percentile thresholds that are proximate to 2σ, 3σ, and 4σ, respectively, most high-IQ societies focus on the percentile threshold. In addition to the above societies, examples include Intertel, Colloquy, Infinity International Society, and ePiq IQ Society, which require the 99th, 99.5th, 99.63rd, and 99.8th percentiles, respectively. -
Outline of Human Intelligence
Outline of human intelligence The following outline is provided as an overview of and 2 Emergence and evolution topical guide to human intelligence: Human intelligence – in the human species, the mental • Noogenesis capacities to learn, understand, and reason, including the capacities to comprehend ideas, plan, problem solve, and use language to communicate. 3 Augmented with technology • Humanistic intelligence 1 Traits and aspects 1.1 In groups 4 Capacities • Collective intelligence Main article: Outline of thought • Group intelligence Cognition and mental processing 1.2 In individuals • Association • Abstract thought • Attention • Creativity • Belief • Emotional intelligence • Concept formation • Fluid and crystallized intelligence • Conception • Knowledge • Creativity • Learning • Emotion • Malleability of intelligence • Language • Memory • • Working memory Imagination • Moral intelligence • Intellectual giftedness • Problem solving • Introspection • Reaction time • Memory • Reasoning • Metamemory • Risk intelligence • Pattern recognition • Social intelligence • Metacognition • Communication • Mental imagery • Spatial intelligence • Perception • Spiritual intelligence • Reasoning • Understanding • Abductive reasoning • Verbal intelligence • Deductive reasoning • Visual processing • Inductive reasoning 1 2 8 FIELDS THAT STUDY HUMAN INTELLIGENCE • Volition 8 Fields that study human intelli- • Action gence • Problem solving • Cognitive epidemiology • Evolution of human intelligence 5 Types of people, by intelligence • Heritability of -
The Giga Society Conversations
1 2 In-Sight Publishing 3 The Giga Society Conversations 4 IN-SIGHT PUBLISHING Publisher since 2014 Published and distributed by In-Sight Publishing Fort Langley, British Columbia, Canada www.in-sightjournal.com Copyright © 2020 by Scott Douglas Jacobsen In-Sight Publishing established in 2014 as a not-for-profit alternative to the large commercial publishing houses who dominate the publishing industry. In-Sight Publishing operates in independent and public interests rather than in dependent and private ones, and remains committed to publishing innovative projects for free or low-cost while electronic and easily accessible for public domain consumption within communal, cultural, educational, moral, personal, scientific, and social values, sometimes or even often, deemed insufficient drivers based on understandable profit objectives. Thank you for the download of this ebook, your consumption, effort, interest, and time support independent and public publishing purposed for the encouragement and support of academic inquiry, creativity, diverse voices, freedom of expression, independent thought, intellectual freedom, and novel ideas. © 2014-2020 by Scott Douglas Jacobsen. All rights reserved. Original appearance in In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal. Not a member or members of In-Sight Publishing, 2020 This first edition published in 2020 No parts of this collection may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized, in any form, or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented or created, which includes photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publisher or the individual co-author(s) or place of publication of individual articles. Independent Cataloguing-in-Publication Data No official catalogue record for this book, as an independent endeavour.