Instituto De Biociências Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Animal

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Instituto De Biociências Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Animal INSTITUTO DE BIOCIÊNCIAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BIOLOGIA ANIMAL ROBERTA AGOSTINI ROHR INTERAÇÕES ENTRE PARASITOIDES DAS FAMÍLIAS BRACONIDAE E FIGITIDAE (INSECTA: HYMENOPTERA) E SEUS HOSPEDEIROS (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) PORTO ALEGRE 2019 ROBERTA AGOSTINI ROHR INTERAÇÕES ENTRE PARASITOIDES DAS FAMÍLIAS BRACONIDAE E FIGITIDAE (INSECTA: HYMENOPTERA) E SEUS HOSPEDEIROS (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biociências da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, como requisito parcial à obtenção do título de Doutora em Biologia Animal. Área de concentração: Biologia e Comportamento Animal Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Simone Mundstock Jahnke Coorientadora: Profa. Dra. Luiza Rodrigues Redaelli PORTO ALEGRE 2019 ii ROBERTA AGOSTINI ROHR INTERAÇÕES ENTRE PARASITOIDES DAS FAMÍLIAS BRACONIDAE E FIGITIDAE (INSECTA: HYMENOPTERA) E SEUS HOSPEDEIROS (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) Aprovada em ____ de ____________ de _____. BANCA EXAMINADORA _______________________________________________________ Dra. Natália Alves Leite Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul _______________________________________________________ Dr. Dori Edson Nava Embrapa Clima Temperado _______________________________________________________ Dr. Sergio Marcelo Ovruski Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos y Biotecnología (PROIMI), CCT Tucumán – CONICET iii Agradecimentos À Deus, muito obrigada por iluminar e conceder tantas bênçãos no meu caminho. À minha orientadora Profa. Dra. Simone Mundstock Jahnke, que aceitou me orientar e guiar neste maravilhoso mundo da entomologia, com atenção especial ao controle biológico. Agradeço pelas oportunidades e conselhos, os quais foram e são muito importantes para meu desenvolvimento como pessoa e pesquisadora. Muito obrigada por tudo! À minha coorientadora a Profa. Dra. Luiza Rodrigues Redaelli, que me acolheu e sempre me apoiou. Sempre muito presente em todos os aspectos do estudo e auxiliando para que as criações (moscas e parasitoides) se mantivessem de forma adequada. Recebi muito apoio e carinho, que foram e são muito importantes para meu desenvolvimento pessoal e como pesquisadora. Muito obrigada! Ao Prof. Dr. Josué Sant’Ana pelo convívio e apoio ao longo desses anos. À Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) pela bolsa concedida. Ao Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) pelas bolsas concedidas as minhas orientadoras, facilitando o desenvolvimento do estudo. À Pró-reitoria de Pesquisa – UFRGS, pelo auxílio financeiro em Simpósio e Congresso. Ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal pelos auxílios financeiros para campo, e ao coordenador Dr. Luiz Roberto Malabarba e vice-coordenadora Dra. Maria João Ramos Pereira. Agradeço também a secretária do PPG, Stefânia Costa e aos bolsistas que sempre me atenderam com muita educação e atenção. E ao pós- doutorando Dr. Filipe Michel Bianchi e todos aqueles que me auxiliaram ao longo desta caminhada. À minha banca de acompanhamento Dra. Aline Barcellos e Dr. Luiz Alexandre Campos, que sempre tiveram palavras de apoio ao longo dos anos. Aos motoristas da UFRGS. Aos colegas de laboratório mais incríveis que uma doutoranda pode ter: Cláudia Ourique, Patrícia Pires, Jucelio Duarte, Paloma Della Giustina, Fernanda Borges, Willian Zadra, Nelson Weber, Joel Pasinato, Dânia Ozorio, Thaís Souza, Camila Vargas, Fabiane Lopes, Carlos Diego dos Santos e Suellen Godoy. Agradeço a todos vocês, por iv sempre estarem comigo ao longo desses anos e por dividirem tantos momentos felizes e outros nem tanto... mas sempre juntos. Aos meus colegas do CBLAb: Cléder Pezzini, Kássia Zilch, Eduarda Bender, Gisele Silva e Marina Rauber, em especial a Viviane Pretz. Aos ICs que passaram pelo laboratório e que sempre ajudaram muito, Juliana Lima, Geluse Medronha, Fatiane Borges, Samuel Trapp, Thiara Ramirez, Jéssica Ckless, Douglas Pedrini, Victória Bortoluz e Daisy Godoy. Ao Dr. Caio Efrom, da Secretaria Estadual de Agricultura, Pecuária e Irrigação do Rio Grande do Sul, por ceder espaço para a coleta de frutos, na antiga Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Fepagro), localizada no município de Taquari - Rio Grande do Sul. Ao Dr. Valmir Antônio Costa, do Instituto Biológico Campinas - São Paulo, pela identificação dos parasitoides (Aganaspis pelleranoi). Ao Dr. Dori Edson Nava e Dr. Rafael Gonçalves, da Embrapa Clima Temperado de Pelotas, por ceder pupários parasitados, possibilitando o início das criações dos parasitoides Doryctobracon areolatus e Diachasmimorpha longicaudata. À minha família, obrigada por existirem e estarem ao meu lado. Aos meus sogros pelo apoio e carinho. Ao meu marido Diego Correa, obrigada por estar ao meu lado sempre, por escutar, incentivar e pelo carinho. À Dra. Samantha Seixas, que sempre me apoiou e incentivou. A todos aqueles que me ajudaram e/ou fizeram parte desse trabalho. v O segredo da existência humana reside não só em viver, mas também em saber para que se vive. Fiodor Dostoievski vi SUMÁRIO LISTA DE FIGURAS ........................................................................................................ ix RESUMO ...................................................................................................................... xii ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................. xiv 1 INTRODUÇÃO .............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Parasitoides ............................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Moscas-das-frutas (Diptera: Tephritidae) ............................................................... 8 1.3 Braconidae ........................................................................................................... 10 1.4 Figitidae ............................................................................................................... 13 1.5 Objetivos ............................................................................................................... 14 1.5.1 Objetivo Geral .................................................................................................... 14 1.5.2 Objetivos Específicos ......................................................................................... 14 2 RESULTADOS GERAIS ................................................................................................ 16 3 REFERÊNCIAS ........................................................................................................... 19 ARTIGO I: Influence of the original host in the preference of Aganaspis pelleranoi and Doryctobracon areolatus, parasitoids of Tephritidae larvae......................................... 38 Abstract ...................................................................................................................... 39 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 40 Materials and Methods ................................................................................................ 43 Results ........................................................................................................................ 47 Discussion .................................................................................................................. 51 vii References .................................................................................................................. 55 ARTIGO II: Does Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead, 1905) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) have a preferential instar to parasitize Tephritidae (Diptera)? .................. 66 Abstract ...................................................................................................................... 67 Resumo ....................................................................................................................... 68 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 69 Material and Methods ................................................................................................. 70 Results ........................................................................................................................ 73 Discussion .................................................................................................................. 77 References .................................................................................................................. 80 ARTIGO III: Intra and interspecific competition between Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Aganaspis pelleranoi (Brèthes) (Hymenoptera: Figitidae) ............................................................................. 91 Abstract ...................................................................................................................... 93 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 94 Material and Methods ................................................................................................. 97 Results and Discussion .............................................................................................. 101 References ...............................................................................................................
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