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Falsolikanella Campanensis (Azéma and Jaffrezo, 1972) Granier, 1987 Revisited on Type Material, Evidence of Polyphysacean Nature (Green Algae)

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Falsolikanella Campanensis (Azéma and Jaffrezo, 1972) Granier, 1987 Revisited on Type Material, Evidence of Polyphysacean Nature (Green Algae) Journal of Paleontology, 93(4), 2019, p. 593–611 Copyright © 2019, The Paleontological Society 0022-3360/19/1937-2337 doi: 10.1017/jpa.2018.108 Falsolikanella campanensis (Azéma and Jaffrezo, 1972) Granier, 1987 revisited on type material, evidence of polyphysacean nature (green algae) Filippo Barattolo,1 Nicola Carras,2 Marc André Conrad,3 and Rajka Radoičić4 1Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra dell’Ambiente e delle Risorse, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II,” Complesso universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, via Cintia, 21 - 80126 Napoli, Italy <fi[email protected]> 2I.G.M.E., Spirou Loui 1, Olympic Village, Acharnes, Greece <[email protected]> 3Chemin de Planta 71–1223 Cologny, Switzerland <sacoluc3712@dfinet.ch> 4Kralja Petra 38, 11158 Stari Grad, Beograd, Serbia <[email protected]> Abstract.—The genus Falsolikanella, introduced by Granier (1987), was based on the basal Cretaceous species Likanella campanensis Azéma and Jaffrezo (1972) and assigned to the tribe Diploporeae (Pia, 1920) emend. Güvenc, 1979 within the green alga order Dasycladales. Later, other species were assigned to Falsolikanella. Sections of the type specimens of Likanella campanensis are reviewed. They show that in this species, the arrangement of the laterals is not metaspondyl, but typical of the genus Actinoporella (Gümbel in Alth, 1882) emend Conrad, Praturlon, and Radoičić, 1974, with coronae arising from a single primary lateral. Therefore, the species is assigned to the genus Actinoporella within the tribe Acetabularieae Decaisne, 1842, family Polyphysaceae Kützing, 1843, and the generic attribution of other species previously assigned to Falsolikanella is discussed. Introduction An alternative structural view of L. campanensis was pre- sented by Granier (1987). The whorls are simple. They consist Located in the eastern Betic Cordillera, southern Spain, the type of clusters (tufts) of three, all similar first-order fertile laterals, level of Actinoporella campanensis new combination is dated by lined up along the axis of the thallus and arising from a proximal Granier (1987) from the Berriasian or basal Valanginian. Other vestibule. Separately, the author noticed the special pattern of cal- specimens in thin section useful to detect the structure of the alga cification, similar to Clypeina jurassica Favre in Favre and Rich- are illustrated by Sokačand Velić(1978a) from the Valanginian ard, 1927.BasedonL. campanensis, the genus Falsolikanella was of Croatia, while other specimens are reported in other areas, introduced with the following diagnosis (translated from French): including Spain, France, Romania, Croatia, Serbia, Slovakia, Turkey, and Switzerland. In the following chronological Alga with a continuous cylindrical main axis bearing sim- account, we will pay special attention to the consecutive struc- ple verticils, more or less spaced out, protruding, composed tural interpretations and taxonomy of this species, which, of ramifications only of first order, grouped in tufts, and although seemingly seldom abundant, is nevertheless easily inserted in small number on a simple vestibule (metaspon- identifiable. dyl type, with a vestibule). (Granier, 1987, p. 208) In 1972, Azéma and Jaffrezo established Likanella cam- panensis. The diagnosis and the reconstruction refer to a cylin- Falsolikanella was assigned to the tribe Diploporeae by drical axis bearing twin whorls of all equal, pyriform, and implicit analogy with the arrangement of the laterals in the Tri- diverging laterals. The species is assigned to the Permian assic type species of the tribe, Diplopora annulata (Schafhäutl, genus Likanella Milanović, 1966, whose original diagnosis, 1853) Schafhäutl, 1863. potentially subject to various interpretations, is as follows: According to Berger and Kaever (1992, p. 47), the genus Falsolikanella may not belong to the Diploporeae. The thallus is composed of loosely connected cylindrical The structure of the alga is here reexamined. The analysis of segments, which at their lower end possess 3 whorls of specimens in thin section of the type material allows us to pro- branches. The long branches which at the top are open spect a new interpretation of F. campanensis (Azéma and Jaf- and non-ramified have separate calcareous walls. In the frezo, 1972), and consequently the validity of the genus walls of the main stem and of branches there are to be Falsolikanella is discussed. found fine pores. (Milanović, 1966,p.9) Materials and methods Later, Sokačand Velić(1978b) implicitly transferred L. campanensis to the genus Selliporella Sartoni and Crescenti, This study is based on the type material of Likanella campanen- 1963 emend. Barattolo, De Castro, and Radoičić, 1988. sis. It consists of three thin sections labeled as follows. FSL Although not formally emended, Selliporella is newly described 420001: Likanella companensis, lame 3486, holotype (Azéma and assigned to the tribe Diploporeae. and Jaffrezo, 1972,pl.1,fig. 1), Puig Campana (Alicante, 593 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. University of Athens, on 06 Oct 2021 at 18:01:03, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2018.108 594 Journal of Paleontology 93(4):593–611 Spain), Berriasien. FSL 420002: Likanella companensis,lame 3486-3 (Azéma and Jaffrezo, 1972,pl.1,fig. 5), Puig Campana (Alicante, Spain), Berriasien. FSL 420003: Likanella campanen- sis, lame 3486-4, Puig Campana (Alicante, Spain), Berriasien. Material with Praturlonella danilovae Radoičić, 1975 and Actinoporella kukoci Radoičić, 1974 belongs to the Rajka Radoičićcollection (thin sections labeled RR). Repositories and institutional abbreviations.—Types examined in this study are deposited in the following institutions: (1) Likanella campanensis is in the collections of the University of Lyon, UCB Lyon 1 (inventory FSL 420001 = slide 3486; FSL 420002 = slide 3486.3; FSL 420003 = slide 3486.4). (2) Praturlonella danilovae Radoičić, 1975 and Actinoporella kukoci Radoičić, 1974 (labeled RR) are housed in R. Radoičićprivate collection at Kralja Petra 38, 11158 Stari Grad, Beograd, Serbia. Structural constraints According to Azéma and Jaffrezo (1972), the alga bears spaced whorls, each composed of two rows of 12 laterals set in alterna- tion (here indicated as two-rows model, Fig. 1). The swollen outer part of the laterals is responsible for the downward and upward bending of the laterals in the lower and upper rows, respectively. The two authors are elusive on the significance of the two rows. Possibilities are as follows: (1) the rows are sim- ply due to the heterocline (upward and downward) arrangement of the laterals; however, the whorl is single, making the number of laterals per whorl correspond to the sum of the two rows (i.e., w = 24); and (2) contrariwise, the two rows result from the pres- ence of two separate whorls; in this case the value of w is 12. Figure 1 illustrates the second possibility. Drawing on new material originating from the type locality, Granier (1987) anticipated the presence of a tuft of three verti- cally aligned pores (Granier, 1987, p. 207, pl. 6, fig. d). For this author, the structure corresponds to a metaspondyl tuft. In the table of biometrical values, the author did not indicate the number of laterals per whorl (Granier, 1987, p. 209). In the reconstruction (Granier, 1987, fig. 1b), the displayed number of vestibules is eight, corresponding to the value of w, each ves- tibule bearing three vesiculiferous, fertile primary laterals dis- tally arranged chiefly in two rows as usual, such as already Figure 1. The two-rows model: organization of Likanella campanensis sensu interpreted by Azéma and Jaffrezo (1972). This model is here Azéma and Jaffrezo (1972). (1) Axial view with traces of the oblique and tangen- designated as the metaspondyl model (Fig. 2). Considering tial sections; (2) oblique section; (3) tangential section. such a threefold structure, this metaspondyl model implies that the pores are proximally eight in number, distally corresponding to 24 in number. In case of arrangement in two rows, each row Number of proximal pores per whorl (w).—Even taking into should contain 12 vesiculiferous laterals. consideration the metaspondyl model, if a verticil is cut transversally (Fig. 5), the number of innermost pores Number and arrangement of pores per tuft.—The occurrence of corresponds to the value of w. In the type material, the values of the threefold structure put forward by Granier (1987)(Figs. 3, 4) w range from 16 to 22. As to the estimation of w from oblique in the type material is herein confirmed. As illustrated by this sections, several methods are known (Pia, 1920;DeCastro, author, three pores are present, axially aligned close to the 1997). Based on the ‘couple of pores’ method (see central stem (Figs. 3.5, 4.1). As shown by Granier (1987,pl.6, Supplemental Data), the values range from 18 to 25, comparable fig. d), the tufts are laterally very close each other (Fig. 4.2, to 16–22. Likewise, this calculation is confirmed in 4.6–4.8); moreover, they are not completely aligned in a single proximal-tangential sections (e.g., Fig. 4.6, 4.8), resulting in the row, but somewhat scalloped, shifted upward and downward distance between tufts (Δtuft)toaverage76µ(55–100 µ) and the by lateral compression. estimated value of w to come to about 20 (w = d threefold* π/Δtuft). Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. University of Athens, on 06 Oct 2021 at 18:01:03, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2018.108 Barattolo et al.—Revision of Cretaceous dasycladalean algae 595 p. 126–127). Although limited, the type material, allows to estimate the total number of distal pores (wdist)to19–24. A method based on trigonometry aimed at calculating the inferred value of w and wdist from oblique sections is presented in the Supplemental Data. When applied to the holotype (Fig. 3.6), the estimated value of wdist is 22 (see Table 1 in Supplemental Data).
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