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Polyphysacea, Dasycladales, Chlorophyta), Mid-Cretaceous Green Alga from the Potiguar Basin, Brazilian Margin of the Young South Atlantic Ocean

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Polyphysacea, Dasycladales, Chlorophyta), Mid-Cretaceous Green Alga from the Potiguar Basin, Brazilian Margin of the Young South Atlantic Ocean Geologica Acta, Vol.12, Nº 3, September 2014, 227-237 DOI: 10.1344/GeologicaActa2014.12.3.5 Clypeina tibanai, sp. nov. (Polyphysacea, Dasycladales, Chlorophyta), mid-Cretaceous green alga from the Potiguar Basin, Brazilian margin of the young South Atlantic Ocean B. GRANIER1 D. DIAS-BRITO2 I.I. BUCUR3 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Kansas 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas 66045 (USA). E-mail: [email protected] 2UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Center for Geosciences Applied to Petroleum (UNESPetro) and Departamento de Geologia Caixa Postal 178, Av. 24 A, n º 1515, Bela Vista, CEP13506-900 - Rio Claro -SP (Brazil) 3Babeş-Bolyai University, Department of Geology and Center for Integrated Geological Studies Str. M. Kogalniceanu nr.1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca (Romania) ABS TRACT The fossil genus Clypeina (Michelin, 1845) comprises some 40 species. We describe Clypeina tibanai, a new spe- cies from ? upper Albian–Cenomanian strata of the Potiguar Basin, Brazil, characterised by closely set verticils of tubular, bended laterals. It is compared with Clypeina hanabataensis Yabe & Toyama, 1949, a Late Jurassic species, and with Pseudoactinoporella fragilis (Conrad, 1970), an Early Cretaceous taxon. The new species be- longs to a short list of green algae found in the young South Atlantic oceanic corridor, an assemblage defining a phycological paleobioprovince discrete from that of the Tethyan realm. KEYWORDS Dasycladales. Polyphysaceae. Clypeina. Cladosporate. Cretaceous. Albian. Cenomanian. INTRODUCTION as a coral-like animal by Michelin (1840-1847; p. 177-178, pl. 46, fig. 26 a-b). The generic name was given after the Many Dasycladalean genera are monospecific or comprise Latin word “clypeus”, meaning shield, because the first few species. By contrast, Clypeina (Michelin, 1845) looks like specimens collected by Michelin looked like “perfect rings” it had a relatively stable and successful history with more than and “half rings”. These individual calcareous structures forty species (see Appendix I) found over almost 200My, from were easily picked from the loose Cenozoic calcareous the Late Triassic up to the Palaeogene times. However moving sands of the Paris Basin. In contrast, our specimens are from simple counting of the morphospecies and going to the embedded in a hard limestone and studying them requires morphogroup reveal it was probably more heterogeneous than petrographic thin sections, roughly 30µm thick. previously thought. This new taxon is part of the earliest benthic assemblages, poorly diversified, colonizing the shallow-water In the second half of the 19th Century, there was no marine carbonate ramps of the young South Atlantic Ocean. consensus regarding the systematic position of these isolated “whorls”. They were re-assigned to foraminifera as A summary review of genus Clypeina (Michelin, 1845) “Dactylopora cylindracea var. marginiporella” by Parker and Jones (1860; p. 473-474), as “Dactylopora clypeina” The type species of Clypeina, the fossil Clypeina by Carpenter (1862; p. 130-131, fig. XXVIII.A–B), or as marginiporella (Michelin, 1845), was originally described “Haploporella marginiporella” by Gümbel (1872; p. 262- 227 B. Granier e t a l . Clypeina tibanai, a fossil green alga from Brazil 263, pl. IV, fig. 6.a–b) before they were correctly ascribed al., 1978). The last one by the “French Group Studying to the algae, i.e. to the “Siphonées verticillées”, by Munier- Fossil Algae” (Bassoullet et al., 1978) takes into account Chalmas (1877). Later, L. and J. Morellet (1913; p. 34, the observation of J. and L. Morellet (1918) who found pl. III, figs. 20-25) included them in the “Acétabulariées”. pores on the cap (top) of the algal thallus corresponding They illustrated funnels (“entonnoirs”) and discs that were to the mark of a terminal tuft of sterile “hairs”. It also thought to represent terminal caps as in the living thalli incorporates an opinion since J. and L. Morellet (1918; of Acetabularia (see photomicrographs in Berger, 2006). p. 104, § “4°”) report the occurrence of tubes with rows The fossil remains consisting of several superposed and of pores, i.e. verticils of sterile laterals. Such features are imbricated umbels led L. and J. Morellet (1918) to revise observed in some modern Acetabularia (see for instance, this assumption and to provide a modern and synthetic Granier, 1994; pl. 4, figs. 6-9). According to them, these view of the generic concept, which was not formalized tubes should represent the bottom parts of some Clypeina until Bassoullet et al. (1978) sixty years later. thalli. However neither were they part of the material they studied, which is now deposited at the Muséum In their early contribution, L. and J. Morellet (1918) National d’Histoire Naturelle in Paris, nor were they introduced a new species, Clypeina helvetica, adding it observed in newly collected material (P. Génot, personal to the two species already known from Cenozoic strata, communication to B.G., June 6, 2012). Finally, Bassoullet i.e. C. marginiporella (Michelin, 1845) and C. digitata et al. (1978) introduced a new feature, i.e. the possible (Parker & Jones, 1860). However, there was still no record occurrence of sterile verticils between fertile ones. This of a Mesozoic representative of the genus Clypeina until feature was observed in Clypeina sulcata (Alth, 1881), but the description of Clypeina jurassica Favre, 1927, from it does not exist in the type-species, i.e. C. marginiporella uppermost Jurassic Purbeckian strata (Favre and Richard, (Michelin, 1845). In our opinion, other key features, such 1927; p. 34-35, figs. 10-11, pl. I, figs. 2-3), which was as the presence or absence of large interverticilar spacings, originally studied from thin sections and which later should also be taken into consideration. However the proved to be a junior synonym of Actinoporella sulcata revision of the whole group is beyond the aim of this study Alth, 1882. It is worth mentioning that Clypeina sulcata that focuses on the sole description of a new species found (Alth, 1882) is part of a small group of Dasycladales the in ? upper Albian–Cenomanian strata of Brazil. calcification of which is calcitic and mostly intracellular, instead of aragonitic and extracellular as in most other species (Granier, 2012). GEOLOGICAL INFORMATION Deloffre and Génot (1982) listed eleven Cenozoic Locality Clypeina species while ten years later Deloffre and Granier (1992) reported twelve. The catalogue of Jurassic and Petrobras Well 1-RNS-11 (Fig. 1), 30km North of Cretaceous algae published by Bassoullet et al. (1978) Macau, State of Rio Grande do Norte, SAD 69 (Brazil): included nine species while Granier and Deloffre (1992) UTM 24S 776981.92E 9461584.57N as indicated by reported twenty-one for the same time interval. To complete the Banco de Dados de Exploração e Produção (BDEP) the record there is also one Triassic representative: Clypeina of the Agência Nacional do Petróleo (ANP) (latitude besici Pantić in Granier & Deloffre, 1993, non 1965, and 4°51’59.198”S, longitude 36°30’9.655”W; see Google a number of recently described species: C. parasolkani Maps: -4.866444, -36.502682). Farinacci & Radoičić, 1991, C. bavarica Schlagintweit & Ebli, 1997, C. dragastani Dieni & Radoičić, 1999, Stratigraphic level C. dusanbrstinai Radoičić, 1997, C. isabellae Masse et al., 1999, C. bucuri Barattolo & Romano, 2002, C. Uppermost part of the Ponta do Mel Formation, ? late lucana Barattolo & Romano, 2002, C. ummshaifensis Albian–Cenomanian in age (Tibana and Terra, 1981; Granier Granier, 2002, C. loferensis Schlagintweit et al., 2009, et al., 2008). Ponta do Mel is a facies-driven lithostratigraphic and C. ? teakolarae Radoičić et al., 2011, transferred to unit represented by a dominantly calcareous interval Falsolikanella by Sokač et al. (2012). Finally, there are also sandwiched in the dominantly siliciclastic Açu Formation some new additions due to revision and subsequent new (Neto et al., 2007); locally, the upper siliciclastics are combinations: for instance, Heteroporella paucicalcarea missing and replaced by the pelagic facies of the Jandaíra Conrad, 1970 was re-ascribed to the genus Clypeina Formation (see Granier et al., 2008; Fig. 1). (Granier, 2013). To date there are forty valid species (see appendix for detailed listing). Facies and assemblage There were many revisions of the generic diagnosis The microfacies (Fig. 2A) displays a grain-dominated of Clypeina (see Rezak, 1957; Elliott, 1968; Bassoullet et fabric, commonly bioturbated: it is a floatstone of large Geologica Acta, 12(3), 226-237 (2014) 228 DOI: 10.1344/GeologicaActa2014.12.3.5 B. Granier e t a l . Clypeina tibanai, a fossil green alga from Brazil 4º40’S SOUTH ATLANTIC 1-RNS-11 5ºS Porto do Mangue Macau Guamaré 0 10 Km 37º W 36º40’W 36º20’W FIGURE 1. Location of the Petrobras well 1-RNS-11, 30km North of Macau, offshore of the State of Rio Grande do Norte (Brazil). aggregates and solenoporacean nodules with a poorly Material studied. The material studied is housed at sorted grainstone matrix. The smaller grains are pelletoids the Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest (France), and micritic ooids. There are few bioclasts, partly micritized Laboratoire de Paléontologie, catalogue number LPB and commonly microbially coated: echinoderms, small 27381–27395. It consists of two acetate peels (LPB gastropods, mollusc shells, few benthic foraminifers, 27394–27395) and ten petrographic thin sections cut from including Trocholina silvai Petri, 1962, and calcareous a core sample at 1638.00m depth (LPB 27381–27390), as green algal remains (Neomeris srivastavai Granier et al., well as three additional thin sections cut from core sample 2012, the new species of Clypeina, and Linoporella ? at 1641.70m depth (LPB 27391–27393). sp.). The intergranular space is filled with drusy calcitic cements and locally on echinodermal remains by syntaxial Type material. The holotype consists of an oblique rim cements. Locally there are patches consisting of section (Fig. 2F) from the thin-section LPB 27381 cut from micrite and small grains, geopetally arranged that possibly a core sample at 1638.00m, well 1-RNS-11 (offshore Rio percolated through the grainy column above.
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