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Vegetation and Land Use Classification and Map of the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta

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Vegetation and Land Use Classification and Map of the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta VEGETATION AND LAND USE CLASSIFICATION AND MAP OF THE SACRAMENTO-SAN JOAQUIN RIVER DELTA Prepared by Diana Hickson Todd Keeler-Wolf Vegetation Classification and Mapping Program California Department of Fish and Game For the Bay Delta Region California Department of Fish and Game February 2007 ABSTRACT The following report describes the vegetation classification and mapping of the Legal Delta portion of the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta conducted in 2005-2006 for use in conjunction with the Delta Regional Ecosystem Restoration Implementation Plan. The Legal Delta covers approximately 725,600 acres, of which approximately 104,600 acres are natural vegetation, 555,100 acres agriculture and urban development, and 65,900 acres are open water or inundated lands. Vegetation sampling by means of the CNPS Rapid Assessment Protocol was used to obtain a total of 377 Rapid Assessments, which were used to develop a quantitative classification based on cluster analysis. A total of 52 vegetation alliances were identified, which included an additional 45 defined plant associations. In combination, 95 fine- scale floristic classification units emerged from the analysis. These classification units were either directly or indirectly used to develop a combination of 129 fine-scale to mid-scale vegetation mapping units. Mapping was completed via heads-up digitizing, and each delineated polygon was coded with both a vegetation type and one of 25 land use types. Base imagery was true color 1-foot resolution aerial photography from spring 2002 with additional marginal areas of the study area supplemented by true color 1-meter resolution photography from summer 2005. This type of mapping approach was then compared with a more traditional fine- scale vegetation mapping product of Suisun Marsh to provide measures of efficiency and accuracy for future mapping efforts in the Bay-Delta Region. i ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank Sue Bainbridge for sharing her relevé data from Antioch Dunes, for arranging access to the Byron Airport alkali wetlands, and for helping collect field data there and identifying many of the plants; Carol Witham for sharing her Tule Ranch data; and Jennifer Buck of The Nature Conservancy and Joel Dudas of the California Department of Water Resources for comments on the draft vegetation map. The following people assisted in gaining property access and with logistics in the field: Rachel Hurt (Antioch Dunes National Wildlife Refuge), Dave Feliz (Yolo Bypass Wildlife Area), Jennifer Buck and Rick Cooper (The Nature Conservancy Cosumnes River Preserve), Amy Hopperstad (Stone Lakes National Wildlife Refuge), Doreen Stockdale (Byron Airport), Sue Bainbridge and Wildlands, Inc. staff (Byron Airport Easement), and Joanne Karlton (Caswell State Park). We thank Daniel Burmester for compiling species lists, identifying plants, helping conduct field sampling, and reviewing the report. We thank Rachelle Boul for helping to edit the report. We offer heart-felt thanks to California Department of Fish and Game boat operators Brad Burkholder and Curtis Hagen, who cheerfully put in longer days than the botanical field crews, and without whom we could not have completed this project. ii PROJECT STAFF This classification and mapping project was completed by a team of agency biologists and contracting field staff, air photo interpreters, and GIS analysts. The following lists the basic roles and the staff involved in each. Field data collection and coordination and plant identification: Jeff Kennedy, Kristi Lazar, Jeanne Taylor and Jahalel L. Tuil [University of California Davis Information Center for the Environment (ICE)]; Brad Burkholder, Daniel Burmester, Curtis Hagen, Diana Hickson, Todd Keeler-Wolf [Department of Fish and Game (DFG)]. Riparian mapping and classification consultant: Mehrey Vaghti. Vegetation and mapping data management (entry, quality control): Kristi Lazar, Jeanne Taylor, Jeff Kennedy, and Mehrey Vaghti (ICE); Diana Hickson, and Todd Keeler-Wolf. Vegetation classification, description, and key development, and report preparation: Diana Hickson and Todd Keeler-Wolf. Vegetation mapping and geodatabase development: John Menke and Carmelita Gutierrez (natural and semi-natural vegetation), Debbie Johnson and Janet Reyes (human land use) (Aerial Information Systems). iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................................... i ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ..................................................................................................................... ii PROJECT STAFF ............................................................................................................................ iii INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................................1 Background .............................................................................................................................1 Figure 1. Study area location. ...................................................................................................2 Figure 2. Schematic of salinity issues for the Delta .................................................................3 Previous Vegetation and Habitat Mapping Projects in Relation to the Current Effort .....4 METHODS.......................................................................................................................................5 Study Area ...............................................................................................................................5 Site Selection and Sampling..................................................................................................5 Figure 3. A high-quality, natural, tidally-influenced marsh ........................................................6 Figure 4. Location of Rapid Assessment samples....................................................................9 Figure 5. Location of Reconnaissance Surveys......................................................................10 Figure 6. Location of Accuracy Assessment Points................................................................11 Classification Analysis.........................................................................................................12 Development of Diagnostic Key to the Alliances and Associations................................13 Description Writing, Standards and Definitions ................................................................14 Figure 7. CALFED Ecological Management Units (EMUs).....................................................16 Mapping .................................................................................................................................17 Figure 8. Imagery coverage of the study area ........................................................................17 Accuracy Assessment..........................................................................................................18 RESULTS......................................................................................................................................19 Floristics ................................................................................................................................19 Table1. Rare and endangered plants ....................................................................................19 Classification.........................................................................................................................21 Figure 9. Example of cluster analysis .....................................................................................22 Figure 10. Example of cluster analysis ...................................................................................23 Table 2. Classified vegetation types based on field data from the Delta ................................24 Table 3. Vegetation types of highest rarity in the Delta ..........................................................31 Vegetation and Land Use Map.............................................................................................32 Table 4. Land use mapping classification ...............................................................................32 Table 5. Mapped acreage by land use type and by vegetation type.......................................33 Figure 11. Broad categories of land use based on the land use coding in the map ...............34 Figure 12. All areas of natural vegetation types as coded in the vegetation field ...................35 iv Vegetation Classification vs. Map Classification and Crosswalks ..................................35 Table 6. Relationship of ERPP Habitats in the Delta Regional Area to other types................37 Accuracy Assessment..........................................................................................................39 Figure 13. 2002 Imagery of Middle River................................................................................39 Figure 14. 2005 Ground photo of Middle River.......................................................................40 Table 7. Summary of accuracy assessment ...........................................................................40 Figure 15. Comparison of the 2002 1-foot imagery and the 2005 1-meter imagery ...............43 Assessment of the Associated Mapping Efforts ...............................................................43 Diagnostic
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