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Diplomsko Delo UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI FAKULTETA ZA ŠPORT DIPLOMSKO DELO JAN POTOČNIK Ljubljana, 2016 1 UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI FAKULTETA ZA ŠPORT Specialna športna vzgoja Gorništvo z aktivnostmi v naravi ZGODOVINSKI RAZVOJ PLANINSKE IN ALPINISTIČNE OPREME DIPLOMSKO DELO MENTOR Prof. dr. Stojan Burnik, prof. šp. vzg. RECENZENT Doc. dr. Blaž Jereb, prof. šp. vzg. KONZULTANT doc. dr. Tomaž Pavlin, univ. dipl. zg. in soc. Avtor dela JAN POTOČNIK LJUBLJANA, 2016 ZAHVALA Zahvalil bi se mentorju dr. Stojanu Burniku za vso vztrajnost in potrpežljivost z mano ter veliko lepih trenutkov tekom študija. Hvala dr. Blažu Jerebu za vse pripombe v zaključku nastajanja tega dela. Hvala tudi konzultantu dr. Tomažu Pavlinu. Največja zahvala gre mami, ki je omogočila, da lahko zdaj pišem to zahvalo. Očetu, ki me je navdušil za gore. Punci Neži in njeni družini, ki so poskrbeli za zadnji potisk proti končanju tega diplomskega dela. Ožbiju, Anžetu in Igorju za čudovita študentska leta. Zahvala gre prav vsem, ki so kakorkoli pripomogli in pomagali pri nastajanju tega dela, naj bo to z idejami, pripombami, popravki, kritikami ali pa so z mano delili pot, ki je pripeljala do tega trenutka. Hvala vsem! Ključne besede: zgodovinski razvoj opreme, alpinistična oprema, planinska oprema, plezalna oprema ZGODOVINSKI RAZVOJ PLANINSKE IN ALPINISTIČNE OPREME Jan Potočnik Univerza v Ljubljani – Fakulteta za šport, 2015 Specialna športna vzgoja – gorništvo z aktivnostmi v naravi Število strani: 61 IZVLEČEK Namen diplomskega dela je predstaviti zgodovinski razvoj planinske in alpinistične opreme v svetu in v Sloveniji. Oprema, ki se danes uporablja pri aktivnostih v gorskem svetu, je prepotovala dolgo pot razvoja, da je v takšni obliki, kot jo poznamo. Mnogi tega zanimivega razvoja ne poznajo, zato je delo namenjeno predvsem uporabnikom te opreme, ki jih zanima kako je ta oprema nastala in od kod izvira. V delu so zbrani vsi najpomembnejši kosi in deli planinske ter alpinistične opreme. Predstavljeni so v kronološkem zaporedju od prvega zapisa ali omembe, preko zbranih gradiv do končnega sodobnega izdelka. Predstavljen je predvsem razvoj v tujini, pri nekaterih kosih opreme pa je omenjen tudi razvoj v Sloveniji. Delo prinaša kar nekaj koristnih informacij za tiste, ki jih razvoj opreme zanima in ki bi radi o planinski in alpinistični opremi vedeli kaj več, hkrati pa dodaten zgodovinski vpogled v obdobje razvoja posameznih kosov opreme. Poleg opreme, so v delu navedeni in omenjeni še posamezniki, ki so največ prispevali k izumu in razvoju opreme. Mnogi izmed njih so že pozabljeni ali pa se jih ne omenja več, zato poskušamo s tem delom, poleg opreme, predstaviti še te velikane gorniškega in alpinističnega sveta. Keywords: historical evolution of equipment, alpine gear, mountaineering gear, climbing gear HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF MOUNTAINEERING AND ALPINE EQUIPMENT Jan Potočnik University of Ljubljana – Faculty of Sports Education, 2015 Special sports education – mauntaineering with outdoor activities Nr. Of pages: 61 ABSTRACT The purpose of the thesis is to outline the historical development of mountaineering and alpine equipment in the world and in Slovenia. Equipment which is used today in the activities in the mountain world, has traveled a long road of development to the form as we know it. A lot of people are not familiar with this interesting development, so the work is intended mainly for users who are using this equipment and want to know how this equipment was made and from where it originates. In the thesis are collected all of the most important parts and pieces of mountaineering and alpine equipment. They are presented in the chronological order from the first record or noteworthy, followed by the collected materials all the way to the modern product. Primarily is presented a development in the world and with some pieces of equipment there is also a mention of development in Slovenia. Work brings quite a bit of useful information for those who are interested in equipment development and who would like to know anything more about mountaineering and alpine equipment, with an additional historical insight into the period of the development of individual pieces of equipment. In addition to the equipment, there are listed and mentioned some of individuals who have contributed the most to the development and evolution of equipment. Many among them are forgotten or they are not mentioned any more, so this thesis is also trying to present this giants of mountaineering and alpine world. Vsebina UVOD ....................................................................................................................................................... 8 KAJ JE GORNIŠTVO, ALPINIZEM, PLEZANJE?........................................................................................ 9 Gorništvo: ........................................................................................................................................ 9 Alpinizem: ........................................................................................................................................ 9 Športno plezanje: ............................................................................................................................ 9 Ledno in mešano plezanje: ............................................................................................................ 10 KAJ JE PLEZALNA IN ALPINISTIČNA OPREMA? ................................................................................... 10 Plezalna oprema: ........................................................................................................................... 10 Alpinistična oprema: ...................................................................................................................... 10 PROBLMATIKA TEME ......................................................................................................................... 11 NAMEN NALOGE................................................................................................................................ 12 CILJI .................................................................................................................................................... 13 METODE DELA ....................................................................................................................................... 13 RAZPRAVA ............................................................................................................................................. 14 OBLAČILA ........................................................................................................................................... 14 OBUTEV ............................................................................................................................................. 20 VRV .................................................................................................................................................... 25 CEPIN ................................................................................................................................................. 30 DEREZE ............................................................................................................................................... 33 ZAŠČITNA TEHNIČNA OPREMA .......................................................................................................... 36 DIHALNI SISTEM................................................................................................................................. 41 OSTALO .............................................................................................................................................. 46 Očala: ............................................................................................................................................. 46 Šotor: ............................................................................................................................................. 48 Nahrbtnik: ...................................................................................................................................... 50 Spalna vreča: ................................................................................................................................. 52 Plezalna čelada: ............................................................................................................................. 55 SKLEP ..................................................................................................................................................... 56 Bibliografija ............................................................................................................................................ 58 UVOD Planinska in alpinistična oprema je sestavni del vsake dejavnosti oziroma aktivnosti v gorskem svetu. Oprema je prilagojena različnim dejavnostim, ki jih oseba lahko izvaja v tem okolju, hkrati pa je izdelana tako, da ustreza posebnim vremenskim pogojem – da uporabnika varuje in ščiti pred zunanjimi vremenskimi vplivi ter mu hkrati omogoča varno in udobno napredovanje pri svoji aktivnosti v visokogorju ter povsod drugod v gorskem svetu. Dandanes je planinska in alpinistična oprema zelo razvita in močno razvejana v smeri posebnih zahtev posameznika, zato je oprema nenapisano in v grobem ločena na planinsko, plezalno, alpinistično, gorniško, opremo za najvišje vrhove sveta in še bi se našla kakšna. Vse kategorije imajo določeno skupno opremo, ki si je podobna ali celo
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