DOCSLIB.ORG

The Invention of Mikhail Lomonosov J

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Invention of Mikhail Lomonosov J The Invention of Mikhail Lomonosov A Russian National Myth j Imperial encounters in Russian history series editor: G a r y MARKER (state University of new York, stony Brook) The Invention of MIkhail LoMonosov A Russian National Myth s t e v e n A . U s ita L o B o s T o n / 2 0 1 3 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: A catalog record for this book as available from the Library of Congress. Copyright © 2013 Academic Studies Press All rights reserved ISBN - 978-1-61811-173-9 (hardback) ISBN - 978-1-61811-195-1 (electronic) Book design by Ivan Grave Published by Academic Studies Press in 2013 28 Montfern Avenue Brighton, MA 02135, USA [email protected] www.academicstudiespress.com Effective December 12th, 2017, this book will be subject to a CC-BY-NC license. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. Other than as provided by these licenses, no part of this book may be reproduced, transmitted, or displayed by any electronic or mechanical means without permission from the publisher or as permitted by law. The open access publication of this volume is made possible by: This open access publication is part of a project supported by The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Humanities Open Book initiative, which includes the open access release of several Academic Studies Press volumes. To view more titles available as free ebooks and to learn more about this project, please visit borderlinesfoundation.org/open. Published by Academic Studies Press 28 Montfern Avenue Brighton, MA 02135, USA [email protected] www.academicstudiespress.com To Margarita Contents Acknowledgements 8 Introduction 10 Chapter 1 27 Honor and Status in Lomonosov’s “Autobiography” Chapter 2 75 Russia’s “Own Platos and Quick-Witted Newtons”: Inventing the Scientist Chapter 3 129 Lomonosov in the Age of Pushkin Chapter 4 167 Commemorating Russia’s “First Scientist” Chapter 5 207 Boris Menshutkin and the “Rediscovery” of Lomonosov Epilogue 248 Afterlife of the Myth Bibliography 261 Index 290 Acknowledgements This work has been in progress for a number of years; it is a particular pleasure, therefore, to finally express my appreciation to the many friends, colleagues, and organizations that have assisted me along the way. Paul Austin, Kees Boterbloem, Robert Collis, James Cracraft, James Delbourgo, Simon Dixon, the late Il’ia Serman, Marina Swoboda, the late Viktor Zhivov, and Ernest Zitser read portions of this work, primarily at its earliest stages. Their assessments were appropriately critical and encouraging. My work was made much easier due to the accommodating library staffs at the McClennan Library at McGill University and in St. Petersburg, at the Russian Academy of Sciences Library and at the National Library of Russia (Bronsilava Gradova was especially helpful at the latter institution). McGill University, Northern State University, the American Council for Teachers of Russian, and the Fulbright Program provided much- needed support to me over the years. Thanks to their generosity I was able to spend much time—perhaps too much time— in St. Petersburg. My good friend and former office mate at McGill University, Ismail Rashid, first read this work when it began life as a dissertation. He has continued to read and critique it over the years. His always friendly advice and support remain one of my fondest memories of my time at McGill. Jeffrey Veidlinger listened patiently to many conference presentations based on this work, and has always been forthright and supportive. Colum Leckey, Kirill Ospovat, and Joachim Klein read the latest iterations of this volume, and I am indebted to each of them for their perceptive judgments. Ben Whisenhunt, my old friend from St. Petersburg and Chicago, read and re-read many versions of my manuscript and offered what is always most useful: encouragement. No one should have been — 8 — a cknowledgements 9 forced to spend so much time reading my various efforts to make Lomonosov’s life cohere. Ben, thank you! Gary Marker buoyed me in a most effective manner, commisioning this work for the series he edits at Academic Studies Press. Gary’s insightful appraisal of the work has decidedly improved the final product. Sharona Vedol was an ideal editor; in addition to shepherding the manuscript through publication, she responded to all my queries and concerns with alacrity. To Igor Nemirovsky, thank you for ensuring the acquisition and publication of The Invention of Mikhail Lomonosov. I had the good fortune as a graduate student to study, principally, with Valentin Boss. Valentin was more than an encouraging advisor, later a friend; he inspired in me an enduring fascination with eighteenth-century Russian culture. Our discussions at the Lomonosov Museum were memorable. I could not have asked for a more interesting, erudite teacher. My late father Arnold and my mother Seija always provided me with what parents should: unconditional love and security. Words fail me—or almost fail me—when I think of my wife Margarita and daughter Izabella. Suffice it to say that I am profoundly happy, at times astonished, to have both of them in my life. Well, Margarita, now that Lomonosov is out of our life, it’s off to our next adventure. Versions of the introduction and some of the text were previously published. My thanks to the publishers for giving permission to partially reprint the following: “Russia’s ‘First’ Scientist: The Self-Fashioning of Mikhail Lomonosov,” in Steven A. Usitalo and William Benton Whisenhunt, eds., Russian and Soviet History: From the Time of Troubles to the Collapse of the Soviet Union (Rowman & Littlefield, 2008); and “Lomonosov: Patronage and Reputation at the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences,” Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas, 59, no. 2 (2011): 217-39. Introduction or more than two hundred years the eighteenth-century polymath Mikhail Vasil’evich Lomonosov (1711-65) has been glorified in Russian culture as the “father” of Russian Fscience, literature, and, more generally, learning.1 The outlines of his biography are exceedingly familiar in his own country. Heroic tales describing the emergence of this son of a fisherman from the far northern periphery of Russia (he was born in a village not too distant from Arkhangel’sk, near the White Sea) were recited, albeit hardly voluntarily, by generations of Russian and Soviet schoolchildren. Lomonosov’s indefatigable acquisition of knowledge, culminating in many productive years of activity at the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences—conceived by Peter the Great, it remains to this day the fundamental scientific and cultural institution in Russia—became 1 While the origins of the idea of Lomonosov as the father, or founder, of Russian science and a “modernized” literature lies in the eighteenth century, with the birth of the myth of Lomonosov, as with so much else pertaining to the study of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Russian cultural developments, the nineteenth-century social and literary critic Vissarion Belinskii seems to have given a more explicit, if now seemingly cliched, voice to already existing beliefs. Belinskii made extensive references to Lomonosov in his writings, and his pronouncements, always issued with an authoritative tone, were usually posed as aphorisms. To Belinskii, “Lomonosov was not only a poet, orator and litterateur, but a great scientist,” someone who profoundly altered the lives of his compatriots by introducing the sciences and learning to Russia (the citation is from an 1836 review of Ksenofont Polevoi’s two-volume historical novel on Lomonosov, printed in V. G. Belinskii, Polnoe sobranie sochinenii, vol. 2 [Moscow, 1953], 189). In a similar vein, he wrote that Lomonosov, who was quite unreservedly “brilliant” in his abilities, “is the father of Russian letters and learning” (from a short critique penned by Belinskii in 1844, in ibid., vol. 8 [Moscow, 1955], 359). — 10 — Introduction 11 the stuff of legend. An accomplished physicist, chemist (his chair at the Academy of Sciences was in chemistry), poet, historian, linguist, geographer, artist, and more, he is the most celebrated personage identified with the Russian Enlightenment.2 Discussions over not only the nature, but also the very concept, of a Russian Enlightenment (russkoe prosveshchenie) at times became deeply colored by contemporary ideological dictates during the Soviet period. Especially with with the rise of a more assertive Russian nationalism in the 1940s and 1950s, many scholars began to insist that eighteenth-century Russian society experienced a rather expansive indigenous Enlightenment that at its apogee was marked by a thoroughgoing materialism. The more extreme political and social attributes that characterized said Russian Enlightenment were, however, never either universally accepted or even clearly delineated. Indeed, many studies that offered deeply researched monographic examinations of eighteenth-century Russian literary and cultural “links” (sviazi) with West European enlightenment thinkers also appeared with regularity.3 The emphases in the literature were almost exclusively on connections with the West; that Russia might have been purely a recipient of influence (vliianie) by French, German, or English 2 The deleterious impact of Pavel Berkov, who long headed the Group for the Study of Eighteenth-Century Russian Literature at the Institute of Russian Literature [Pushkin House], is emphasized by David M. Griffiths, “In Search of Enlightenment: Recent Soviet Interpretation of Eighteenth- Century Russian Intellectual History,” Canadian-American Slavic Studies 16, nos. 3-4 (Fall-Winter 1982): 317-56. For a pungent explication of the topic, which argues that the “Russian Enlightenment” was largely the product of baneful posturing by select Soviet and East German scholars, see Max J. Okenfuss, The Rise and Fall of Latin Humanism in Early-Modern Russia: Pagan Authors, Ukrainians, and the Resiliency of Muscovy (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1995), 223-30. 3 An eminently useful reference is the series XVIII vek (Moscow-Leningrad- St.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Catherine the Great and the Development of a Modern Russian Sovereignty, 1762-1796
    Catherine the Great and the Development of a Modern Russian Sovereignty, 1762-1796 By Thomas Lucius Lowish A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Victoria Frede-Montemayor, Chair Professor Jonathan Sheehan Professor Kinch Hoekstra Spring 2021 Abstract Catherine the Great and the Development of a Modern Russian Sovereignty, 1762-1796 by Thomas Lucius Lowish Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Berkeley Professor Victoria Frede-Montemayor, Chair Historians of Russian monarchy have avoided the concept of sovereignty, choosing instead to describe how monarchs sought power, authority, or legitimacy. This dissertation, which centers on Catherine the Great, the empress of Russia between 1762 and 1796, takes on the concept of sovereignty as the exercise of supreme and untrammeled power, considered legitimate, and shows why sovereignty was itself the major desideratum. Sovereignty expressed parity with Western rulers, but it would allow Russian monarchs to bring order to their vast domain and to meaningfully govern the lives of their multitudinous subjects. This dissertation argues that Catherine the Great was a crucial figure in this process. Perceiving the confusion and disorder in how her predecessors exercised power, she recognized that sovereignty required both strong and consistent procedures as well as substantial collaboration with the broadest possible number of stakeholders. This was a modern conception of sovereignty, designed to regulate the swelling mechanisms of the Russian state. Catherine established her system through careful management of both her own activities and the institutions and servitors that she saw as integral to the system.
    [Show full text]
  • On Russian Music Might Win It
    37509_u01.qxd 5/19/08 4:04 PM Page 27 1 Some Thoughts on the History and Historiography of Russian Music A preliminary version of this chapter was read as a paper in a symposium or- ganized by Malcolm H. Brown on “Fifty Years of American Research in Slavic Music,” given at the fiftieth national meeting of the American Musicological Society, on 27 October 1984. The other participants in the symposium and their topics were Barbara Krader (Slavic Ethnic Musics), Milos Velimirovic (Slavic Church Music), Malcolm H. Brown (Russian Music—What Has Been Done), Laurel Fay (The Special Case of Soviet Music—Problems of Method- ology), and Michael Beckerman (Czech Music Research). Margarita Mazo served as respondent. My assigned topic for this symposium was “What Is to Be Done,” but being no Chernïshevsky, still less a Lenin, I took it on with reluctance. I know only too well the fate of research prospectuses. All the ones I’ve seen, whatever the field, have within only a few years taken on an aspect that can be most charitably described as quaint, and the ones that have attempted to dictate or legislate the activity of future generations of scholars cannot be so charitably described. It is not as though we were trying to find a long- sought medical cure or a solution to the arms race. We are not crusaders, nor have we an overriding common goal that demands the subordina- tion of our individual predilections to a team effort. We are simply curious to know and understand the music that interests us as well as we possibly can, and eager to stimulate the same interest in others.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to Astronomy from Darkness to Blazing Glory
    Introduction to Astronomy From Darkness to Blazing Glory Published by JAS Educational Publications Copyright Pending 2010 JAS Educational Publications All rights reserved. Including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form. Second Edition Author: Jeffrey Wright Scott Photographs and Diagrams: Credit NASA, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, USGS, NOAA, Aames Research Center JAS Educational Publications 2601 Oakdale Road, H2 P.O. Box 197 Modesto California 95355 1-888-586-6252 Website: http://.Introastro.com Printing by Minuteman Press, Berkley, California ISBN 978-0-9827200-0-4 1 Introduction to Astronomy From Darkness to Blazing Glory The moon Titan is in the forefront with the moon Tethys behind it. These are two of many of Saturn’s moons Credit: Cassini Imaging Team, ISS, JPL, ESA, NASA 2 Introduction to Astronomy Contents in Brief Chapter 1: Astronomy Basics: Pages 1 – 6 Workbook Pages 1 - 2 Chapter 2: Time: Pages 7 - 10 Workbook Pages 3 - 4 Chapter 3: Solar System Overview: Pages 11 - 14 Workbook Pages 5 - 8 Chapter 4: Our Sun: Pages 15 - 20 Workbook Pages 9 - 16 Chapter 5: The Terrestrial Planets: Page 21 - 39 Workbook Pages 17 - 36 Mercury: Pages 22 - 23 Venus: Pages 24 - 25 Earth: Pages 25 - 34 Mars: Pages 34 - 39 Chapter 6: Outer, Dwarf and Exoplanets Pages: 41-54 Workbook Pages 37 - 48 Jupiter: Pages 41 - 42 Saturn: Pages 42 - 44 Uranus: Pages 44 - 45 Neptune: Pages 45 - 46 Dwarf Planets, Plutoids and Exoplanets: Pages 47 -54 3 Chapter 7: The Moons: Pages: 55 - 66 Workbook Pages 49 - 56 Chapter 8: Rocks and Ice:
    [Show full text]
  • Glossary Glossary
    Glossary Glossary Albedo A measure of an object’s reflectivity. A pure white reflecting surface has an albedo of 1.0 (100%). A pitch-black, nonreflecting surface has an albedo of 0.0. The Moon is a fairly dark object with a combined albedo of 0.07 (reflecting 7% of the sunlight that falls upon it). The albedo range of the lunar maria is between 0.05 and 0.08. The brighter highlands have an albedo range from 0.09 to 0.15. Anorthosite Rocks rich in the mineral feldspar, making up much of the Moon’s bright highland regions. Aperture The diameter of a telescope’s objective lens or primary mirror. Apogee The point in the Moon’s orbit where it is furthest from the Earth. At apogee, the Moon can reach a maximum distance of 406,700 km from the Earth. Apollo The manned lunar program of the United States. Between July 1969 and December 1972, six Apollo missions landed on the Moon, allowing a total of 12 astronauts to explore its surface. Asteroid A minor planet. A large solid body of rock in orbit around the Sun. Banded crater A crater that displays dusky linear tracts on its inner walls and/or floor. 250 Basalt A dark, fine-grained volcanic rock, low in silicon, with a low viscosity. Basaltic material fills many of the Moon’s major basins, especially on the near side. Glossary Basin A very large circular impact structure (usually comprising multiple concentric rings) that usually displays some degree of flooding with lava. The largest and most conspicuous lava- flooded basins on the Moon are found on the near side, and most are filled to their outer edges with mare basalts.
    [Show full text]
  • Lomonosov's Telescope
    Mikhail Lomonosov: Father of Russian Science Robert P. Crease Stony Brook University Vladimir Shiltsev Fermilab Portraits of Lomonosov (1711-1765): In his 30s (left) and 50s (right) Maps of Pomorie, (ca 19 cent.) and of Kholmogory region (1771) Caravan and Sleigh Lomonosov Tercentennial 8 Lomonosov Tercentennial 9 Lomonosov Tercentennial 10 Lomonosov Tercentennial 11 Lomonosov Tercentennial 12 Marburg Diploma Lomonosov Tercentennial 13 Lomonosov Tercentennial 14 School & Scientific Tradition Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz Mikhail Lomonosov 1646 – 1716 Christian Wolff 1711 - 1765 1679 - 1754 In Germany 1737-1741 Lomonosov Tercentennial 15 Lomonosov Tercentennial 16 Lomonosov Tercentennial 17 Mosaics “Battle of Poltava” (1764) Lomonosov Tercentennial 6.4 x 4.8 m18 Lomonosov Tercentennial 19 Lomonosov Tercentennial 20 Lomonosov Tercentennial 21 Vladimir Shiltsev PPPL 2014 Reveal the Genius: An Amazing Story of Experimental Reconstruction of Lomonosov’s Discovery of Venus’s Atmosphere Vladimir Shiltsev (Illinois) Alex Koukarine (California) Yuri Petrunin (Colorado) Igor Nesterenko (Siberia) Randall Rosenfeld (Canada) Sun, Venus and Earth Venus Earth Vladimir Shiltsev PPPL 2014 Transits of Venus over Sun’s Disc lasts about 6 hours 1761: June 6 1769: June 3-4 1874: Dec 8-9 1882: December 6 2004: June 8 2012: June 5-6 2117: Dec 11 2125: December 8 Vladimir Shiltsev PPPL 2014 Why So Rarely? Tilted Orbits Venus orbit tilted 3.40 w.r.t. ecliptic Vladimir Shiltsev PPPL 2014 Discovery of Venus’s Atmosphere In 1761, Mikhail Lomonosov observing the transit of Venus noted appearance of luminous arc over the part of the planet off the Sun’s disc at egress: «…From these observations, Mr. Councilor Lomonosov concludes that the planet Venus is surrounded by a significant air atmosphere similar to (if not even greater than) that which surrounds our terrestrial globe…» Source: “The Appearance of Venus On The Sun, Observed At The St.Petersburg Imperial Academy Of Sciences On May 26, 1761.” , StP.Acad.Sci.
    [Show full text]
  • From%20Irina%20Reyman%2C%20Ritualized%20Violence
    PHYSICAL INVIOLABILITY AND THE DUEL pUNCH OR STAB: THE RUSSIAN DUELIST’S DILEMMA The Russian duel was a surprisingly and consistently violent affair. I do not imply that Russian duels were more deadly than those in the West (the fatality rate in Russia never approached that in France in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries or in Germany at the end of the nineteenth century).1 I mean rather that conflicts over honor were frequently resolved in unregu lated spontaneous physical confrontations rather than in formal en- counters . Furthermore, those confrontations differed from rencontres in that they involved direct physical contact—hand-to-hand fighting or the use of weapons unrecognized by the dueling ritual, such as walking sticks or whips. The use of standard dueling weapons— swords or pistols—appears to have been optional. In other words, from the introduction of the duel in Russia to its demise, a conflict over honor was as likely (and at times more likely) to result in an im mediate and violent hand-to-hand fight as in a formal duel of honor. This happened so frequently that physical force seems to have been an accepted alternative to the duel. In fact, it would be possible to write (—S A Brief History of Dueling in Russia 97 98 a variant history of dueling in Russia featuring fistfights, slaps in the Everyone present—nobles face, and battering with walking sticks. and commoners, officers and enlisted men, Historians of the Russian women too—had at each other. Klimovich’s wife was beaten with a duel have consistently ignored or dis missed this ugly and violent club and her mother threatened.4 Grinshtein seems to have won this alternative behavior as aberrant.
    [Show full text]
  • Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet - Poems
    Classic Poetry Series Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet - poems - Publication Date: 2012 Publisher: Poemhunter.com - The World's Poetry Archive Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet(5 December 1820 - 3 December 1892) Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet, later changed his name to Shenshin was a Russian poet regarded as one of the finest lyricists in Russian literature. <b>Biography</b> <b>Origins</b> The circumstances of Afanasy Fet's birth have been the subject of controversy, and some uncertainties still remain. Even the exact date is unknown and has been cited as either October 29 (old style), or November 23 or 29, 1820. Brief biographies usually maintain that Fet was the son of the Russian landlord Shenshin and a German woman named Charlotta Becker, an that at the age of 14 he had to change his surname from his father's to that of Fet, because the marriage of Shenshin and Becker, registered in Germany, was deemed legally void in Russia. Detailed studies reveal a complicated and controversial story. It began in September 1820 when a respectable 44-year old landlord from Mtsensk, Afanasy Neofitovich Shenshin, (described as a follower of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's ideas) returned to his Novosyolky estate from the German spa resorts where he had spent a year on a recreational trip. There he had rented rooms in the house of Karl Becker and fell for his daughter Charlotta Elizabeth, a married woman with a one-year-old daughter named Carolina, and pregnant with another child. As to what happened next, opinions vary. According to some sources. Charlotta hastily divorced her husband Johann Foeth, a Darmstadt court official, others maintain that Shenshin approached Karl Becker with the idea that the latter should help his daughter divorce Johann, and when the old man refused to cooperate, kidnapped his beloved (with her total consent).
    [Show full text]
  • Martian Crater Morphology
    ANALYSIS OF THE DEPTH-DIAMETER RELATIONSHIP OF MARTIAN CRATERS A Capstone Experience Thesis Presented by Jared Howenstine Completion Date: May 2006 Approved By: Professor M. Darby Dyar, Astronomy Professor Christopher Condit, Geology Professor Judith Young, Astronomy Abstract Title: Analysis of the Depth-Diameter Relationship of Martian Craters Author: Jared Howenstine, Astronomy Approved By: Judith Young, Astronomy Approved By: M. Darby Dyar, Astronomy Approved By: Christopher Condit, Geology CE Type: Departmental Honors Project Using a gridded version of maritan topography with the computer program Gridview, this project studied the depth-diameter relationship of martian impact craters. The work encompasses 361 profiles of impacts with diameters larger than 15 kilometers and is a continuation of work that was started at the Lunar and Planetary Institute in Houston, Texas under the guidance of Dr. Walter S. Keifer. Using the most ‘pristine,’ or deepest craters in the data a depth-diameter relationship was determined: d = 0.610D 0.327 , where d is the depth of the crater and D is the diameter of the crater, both in kilometers. This relationship can then be used to estimate the theoretical depth of any impact radius, and therefore can be used to estimate the pristine shape of the crater. With a depth-diameter ratio for a particular crater, the measured depth can then be compared to this theoretical value and an estimate of the amount of material within the crater, or fill, can then be calculated. The data includes 140 named impact craters, 3 basins, and 218 other impacts. The named data encompasses all named impact structures of greater than 100 kilometers in diameter.
    [Show full text]
  • An Impacting Descent Probe for Europa and the Other Galilean Moons of Jupiter
    An Impacting Descent Probe for Europa and the other Galilean Moons of Jupiter P. Wurz1,*, D. Lasi1, N. Thomas1, D. Piazza1, A. Galli1, M. Jutzi1, S. Barabash2, M. Wieser2, W. Magnes3, H. Lammer3, U. Auster4, L.I. Gurvits5,6, and W. Hajdas7 1) Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, 2) Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden, 3) Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria, 4) Institut f. Geophysik u. Extraterrestrische Physik, Technische Universität, Braunschweig, Germany, 5) Joint Institute for VLBI ERIC, Dwingelo, The Netherlands, 6) Department of Astrodynamics and Space Missions, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands 7) Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland. *) Corresponding author, [email protected], Tel.: +41 31 631 44 26, FAX: +41 31 631 44 05 1 Abstract We present a study of an impacting descent probe that increases the science return of spacecraft orbiting or passing an atmosphere-less planetary bodies of the solar system, such as the Galilean moons of Jupiter. The descent probe is a carry-on small spacecraft (< 100 kg), to be deployed by the mother spacecraft, that brings itself onto a collisional trajectory with the targeted planetary body in a simple manner. A possible science payload includes instruments for surface imaging, characterisation of the neutral exosphere, and magnetic field and plasma measurement near the target body down to very low-altitudes (~1 km), during the probe’s fast (~km/s) descent to the surface until impact. The science goals and the concept of operation are discussed with particular reference to Europa, including options for flying through water plumes and after-impact retrieval of very-low altitude science data.
    [Show full text]
  • The Inextricable Link Between Literature and Music in 19Th
    COMPOSERS AS STORYTELLERS: THE INEXTRICABLE LINK BETWEEN LITERATURE AND MUSIC IN 19TH CENTURY RUSSIA A Thesis Presented to The Graduate Faculty of The University of Akron In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Music Ashley Shank December 2010 COMPOSERS AS STORYTELLERS: THE INEXTRICABLE LINK BETWEEN LITERATURE AND MUSIC IN 19TH CENTURY RUSSIA Ashley Shank Thesis Approved: Accepted: _______________________________ _______________________________ Advisor Interim Dean of the College Dr. Brooks Toliver Dr. Dudley Turner _______________________________ _______________________________ Faculty Reader Dean of the Graduate School Mr. George Pope Dr. George R. Newkome _______________________________ _______________________________ School Director Date Dr. William Guegold ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page CHAPTER I. OVERVIEW OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF SECULAR ART MUSIC IN RUSSIA……..………………………………………………..……………….1 Introduction……………………..…………………………………………………1 The Introduction of Secular High Art………………………………………..……3 Nicholas I and the Rise of the Noble Dilettantes…………………..………….....10 The Rise of the Russian School and Musical Professionalism……..……………19 Nationalism…………………………..………………………………………..…23 Arts Policies and Censorship………………………..…………………………...25 II. MUSIC AND LITERATURE AS A CULTURAL DUET………………..…32 Cross-Pollination……………………………………………………………...…32 The Russian Soul in Literature and Music………………..……………………...38 Music in Poetry: Sound and Form…………………………..……………...……44 III. STORIES IN MUSIC…………………………………………………… ….51 iii Opera……………………………………………………………………………..57
    [Show full text]
  • Russian Museums Visit More Than 80 Million Visitors, 1/3 of Who Are Visitors Under 18
    Moscow 4 There are more than 3000 museums (and about 72 000 museum workers) in Russian Moscow region 92 Federation, not including school and company museums. Every year Russian museums visit more than 80 million visitors, 1/3 of who are visitors under 18 There are about 650 individual and institutional members in ICOM Russia. During two last St. Petersburg 117 years ICOM Russia membership was rapidly increasing more than 20% (or about 100 new members) a year Northwestern region 160 You will find the information aboutICOM Russia members in this book. All members (individual and institutional) are divided in two big groups – Museums which are institutional members of ICOM or are represented by individual members and Organizations. All the museums in this book are distributed by regional principle. Organizations are structured in profile groups Central region 192 Volga river region 224 Many thanks to all the museums who offered their help and assistance in the making of this collection South of Russia 258 Special thanks to Urals 270 Museum creation and consulting Culture heritage security in Russia with 3M(tm)Novec(tm)1230 Siberia and Far East 284 © ICOM Russia, 2012 Organizations 322 © K. Novokhatko, A. Gnedovsky, N. Kazantseva, O. Guzewska – compiling, translation, editing, 2012 [email protected] www.icom.org.ru © Leo Tolstoy museum-estate “Yasnaya Polyana”, design, 2012 Moscow MOSCOW A. N. SCRiAbiN MEMORiAl Capital of Russia. Major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation center of Russia and the continent MUSEUM Highlights: First reference to Moscow dates from 1147 when Moscow was already a pretty big town.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Question of the Main Concepts and Theories of the Origin of the State
    Law/1. Theory of State and Law Zhadan V. N. PhD in Law, Associate Professor Kazan Federal University, Elabuga Institute, Russia ON THE QUESTION OF THE MAIN CONCEPTS AND THEORIES OF THE ORIGIN OF THE STATE Abstract. The article is devoted to the discussion of the main concepts and theories of the origin of the state based on the analysis of General theoretical provisions of legal science, scientific approaches and author's understanding. Key words: question, basic, concept, theory, origin, state, analysis, General theoretical provisions, approaches. In the science of state and law (and especially the theory of state and law), there are many scientific materials that consider the laws of the origin, development and functioning of the state and law, historical types, forms, functions and other aspects that characterize the state and law [1-2]. Many scientists specializing in the theory of state and law (and in other areas of scientific research) offer their views on the theoretical characteristics of the state and law, their features, state-political forms and functions, and many other aspects, which does not deprive the author to Express his opinion on some issues related to the discussion of the origin of the state. The subject of this review will be questions about the main concepts and theories of the origin of the state. Based on the research subject of interest the following questions: what is a theory of the origin of the state; what the right science is called basic theory of the origin of the state; what are the terms "concept" and "theory"; which is accepted to highlight the concepts and theories of the origin of the state; how key concepts and theories explain the emergence of the state? The author shares the scientific approach that the study of theories of the origin of the state (and law) is not only cognitive (theoretical), but also political and practical in nature [3, p.
    [Show full text]