DOCSLIB.ORG

Leaf Changes in Avicennia Schaueriana Following a Massive Herbivory Event by Hyblaea Puera (Lepidoptera) in South Brazil

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Leaf Changes in Avicennia Schaueriana Following a Massive Herbivory Event by Hyblaea Puera (Lepidoptera) in South Brazil Brazilian Journal of Development 47275 ISSN: 2525-8761 Leaf changes in Avicennia schaueriana following a massive herbivory event by Hyblaea puera (Lepidoptera) in South Brazil Mudanças foliares em Avicennia schaueriana após um grande evento de herbivoria por Hyblaea puera (Lepidoptera) no Sul do Brasil DOI:10.34117/bjdv7n5-233 Recebimento dos originais: 07/04/2021 Aceitação para publicação: 12/05/2021 Amanda Martins Ruthes Laboratory of Plant Morphology and Ecology, Post-graduate Program in Health and Environmental, University of Joinville Region, R. Paulo Maschitzki 10, 89219-710, Joinville, SC, Brazil Maiara Matilde da Silva Post-graduate Program in Ecology and Conservation, Federak University of Paraná, Box 19031, 81531-990 Curitiba, PR, Brazil João Carlos Ferreira de Melo Júnior Laboratory of Plant Morphology and Ecology, Post-graduate Program in Health and Environmental, University of Joinville Region, R. Paulo Maschitzki 10, 89219-710, Joinville, SC, Brazil E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT (Leaf changes in Avicennia schaueriana following a massive herbivory event by Hyblaea puera (Lepidoptera) in South Brazil) Herbivory is an interaction that can change the structure of plant communities in two main ways: by causing death and reducing plant populations; and by changing leaf characteristics of plants that, secondarily, changes interactions of plants with the biotic and abiotic environment. Leaf defense and nutritional attributes of Avicennia schaueriana were comparatively evaluated after a massive herbivory event by the exotic species Hyblaea puera (Lepidoptera: Hyblaeidae) in the mangrove of Babitonga Bay, Joinville, SC, Brazil. The leaf attributes differed between the A. schaueriana control group and group that suffered a massive herbivory attack. The specific leaf area (SLA) was smaller in the group that suffered the injury from herbivory and, thus, the leaves were harder. In addition, there was a reduction in water content that made the leaves less nutritious. Secondary compounds were present in more mesophyll tissues in the plants that suffered herbivory compared to the control group. These results suggest that the plants respond to herbivory through changes in the leaves that reduce the preference of the insects. Keywords: plant herbivory, tropical mangrove, environmental quality RESUMO A herbivoria é uma interação que pode mudar a estrutura das comunidades de plantas de duas maneiras principais: causando a morte e reduzindo as sua populações; ou alterando as características das folhas das plantas que, secundariamente, alteram as interações das Brazilian Journal of Development, Curitiba, v.7, n.5, p. 47275-47286 may. 2021 Brazilian Journal of Development 47276 ISSN: 2525-8761 plantas com o ambiente biótico e abiótico. A defesa foliar e os atributos nutricionais de Avicennia schaueriana foram avaliados comparativamente após um evento de herbivoria massiva pela espécie exótica Hyblaea puera (Lepidoptera: Hyblaeidae) no manguezal da baía Babitonga, Joinville, SC, Brasil. Os atributos foliares diferiram entre o grupo controle de A. schaueriana e o grupo que sofreu um ataque massivo de herbivoria. A área foliar específica (SLA) foi menor no grupo que sofreu o dano por herbivoria e, portanto, as folhas ficaram mais duras. Além disso, houve redução do teor de água que tornou as folhas menos nutritivas. Compostos secundários estiveram presentes em mais tecidos do mesofilo nas plantas que sofreram herbivoria em comparação ao grupo controle. Esses resultados sugerem que as plantas respondem à herbivoria por meio de mudanças nas folhas que reduzem a preferência dos insetos. Palavras-chave: herbivoria vegetal, manguezal tropical, qualidade ambiental 1 INTRODUCTION Herbivory is one of the most common interactions in natural environments due to the high diversity of extant plants and insects. Rates of herbivory are controlled by leaf characteristics, such as presence of epidermal appendages (Abdala-Roberts & Parra- Tabla 2005), presence of a thick cuticle of varying chemical composition (Eigenbrode & Espelie 1995), amount of calcium oxalate crystals (Franceschi & Nakata 2005), and chemical compounds in cells that repel or are toxic to insects (Kursar & Coley 2003). Plants that occupy shaded habitats on soils with high water availability and high concentrations of nutrients develop more nutritious palatable leaves and, consequently, are damaged more by herbivores (Muth et al. 2008; LoPresti 2017). On the other hand, plants that occur in environments with scarce resources or conditions of stress develop tissues of low nutritional quality and palatability. A mangrove is an example of an ecosystem with plant species that are characterized by sclerophyllous leaves, with subepidermal layers with calcium oxalate crystals and high concentrations of Na (Lima 2013). In addition to diverse defensive leaf attributes, mangroves are low in plant diversity and have the lowest diversity of resources for insects compared to other vegetation formations. The woody flora of the mangrove in Babitonga Bay (Santa Catarina, Brazil), for example, comprises only Laguncularia racemosa (L.) C.F. Gaertn., Rhizophora mangle (Rhizophoraceae) L. and Avicennia schaueriana (Verbenaceae) Stapf & Leechm. ex Moldenke (Kilca et al. 2011). The average herbivory rate recorded in mangroves is around 10% (Menezes & Peixoto 2009); miners are the most common type of herbivore, followed by gallers and Brazilian Journal of Development, Curitiba, v.7, n.5, p. 47275-47286 may. 2021 Brazilian Journal of Development 47277 ISSN: 2525-8761 chewers (Menezes & Peixoto 2009). Among arboreal mangrove species, those of the genus Avicennia suffer major damage from herbivory and have the highest diversity of associated insect feeding guilds (Kathiresan 2003; Menezes & Peixoto 2009). Unlike the records of plant-herbivore interaction mentioned above, some insects can cause intense damage to plants by consuming massive amounts of plant tissue, resulting in direct and indirect physiological and ecological damage to the plant resource. For example, Hyblaea puera Cramer (Lepidoptera: Hyblaeidae) consumes the entire canopy of Tectona grandis in India and Mexico (Nair 2007; Cibrián-Llanderal 2015), resulting in important economic losses (Nair 2007). Recently, H. puera was registered in India causing severe and extensive damage to mangrove communities (Arun & Mahajan 2012). Similarly, the massive consumption of mangroves by H. puera was reported in Brazil in the states of Pará (Menezes & Mehlig 2005, 2008; Fernandes et al. 2009), Rio de Janeiro (Menezes & Peixoto 2009), Paraná (Faraco et al. 2019) and Santa Catarina (Melo Jr. et al. 2017). Although the caterpillar of H. puera attacks all mangrove species, mass consumption occurs only in Aviccenia species in all studied locations (Menezes & Mehlig 2005, 2208; Fernandes et al. 2009; Menezes & Peixoto 2009; Arun & Mahajan 2012; Faraco et al. 2019). With respect to mangrove herbivory, Fernandes et al. (2009) showed evidence that mass herbivory by H. puera causes an increase in nutrient cycling in the soil and, consequently, increases the productivity in aquatic ecosystems. However, no study has evaluated the impact of herbivory by H. puera on the plant itself. The impacts of herbivory on a plant community can be direct, such as changes in leaf characteristics after the herbivory event and death of the plant specimen consumed (Traw & Dawson 2002), and indirect, such as changes in the plant community structure (Norghauer & Newbery, 2014) and changes in the network of insect-plant interactions (e.g., herbivory interaction or pollination) (Glaum & Kessler 2017; Santangelo et al. 2018). The objective of the present study was to evaluate the direct impact caused by the massive herbivory of A. shaueriana leaves in Babitonga Bay. The hypothesis was that after the herbivory event A. schaueriana would exhibit leaf morphoanatomical changes. We predicted that leaves in the affected mangrove would possess more marked anti- herbivory attributes (more sclerophyllous leaves with lower water content and greater distribution of secondary metabolites) in relation to leaves in a non-affected mangrove. Brazilian Journal of Development, Curitiba, v.7, n.5, p. 47275-47286 may. 2021 Brazilian Journal of Development 47278 ISSN: 2525-8761 2 MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was conducted between February and March 2018 in an area of mangrove forest in the municipality of Joinville (26°17'09.8"S, 48°47'05.4"W; - 26.286068, -48.784824), in the northeastern region of the state of Santa Catarina. The climate of the region falls within the humid climate zone and is predominantly humid mesothermic with hot summers (Cfa of Köeppen). Rainfall is well distributed throughout the year with common south winds bringing oceanic humidity to the atmosphere that results in wet winters. The mean annual temperature is 20.6 °C. The mangrove is associated with Babitonga Bay, which together form the largest estuary in the region (Xavier and Maia, 2008, Kilca et al. 2011). The mangrove cover in the city of Joinville corresponds to 76% of the mangroves in Santa Catarina State (Babitonga Ativa unpublished data). Avicennia schaueriana was selected for the study because it is the taxon most attacked by insects, including Hyblaea puera (Menezes & Mehlig 2005, 2208; Fernandes et al. 2009; Menezes & Peixoto 2009; Arun & Mahajan 2012; Faraco et al. 2019). Popularly known as black mangrove, A. schaueriana is a tree characterized by its smooth, light brown bark, fine, long pneumatophores, and light
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Hyblaea Puera Cramer (Lepidoptera: Hyblaeidae) Infestation on Tectona Grandis Linn F
    © 2020 JETIR November 2020, Volume 7, Issue 11 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) Hyblaea puera Cramer (Lepidoptera: Hyblaeidae) infestation on Tectona grandis Linn F. in Aizawl District, Mizoram Lalrinmawia1, Lalnuntluanga2 and Lalramliana3 1,2 Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth Sciences & Natural Resources Management Mizoram University , 3Deparment of Zoology, PUC. Abstract: Seasonal activity of Lepidopteran insect of Hyblaea puera Cramer conducted during three years during of 2016 - 2018 on two aspects of eastern and western sites of Aizawl District, Mizoram. Hyblaea puera Cramer is the most wide spread and serious pest. Outbreaks occur almost every year in India over extensive areas. During these outbreaks in the early flushing period of teak, trees usually suffer a total defoliation, sometimes there is partial defoliation later in the growth season. The present investigation revealed that for bringing out a systematic documentation regarding the damage caused by different insect pests attacking teak plantation in area as well as to find out the relationship of different climatic factors with their incidence. Keywords: Geographical bearing , Hyblaea puera Cramer, Insect Pests, Infestation, Tectona grandis Linn.F. Introduction Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.), a valuable timber species, is attacked by a number of insect pests Mathur,(1960); Mathur and Singh,(1960) ; Baksha,(1990), (1993); Chaiglom,(1975); Menon,(1963). But only one insects-teak defoliator, Hyblaea puera Cramer cause major defoliation of teak in Mizoram. About 187 insects species have been found feeding on living Teak tree in India, Hutacharern and Tubtim, (1995) Amongst the foliage feeders, the teak defoliator, Hyblaea puera Cramer (Hyblaeidae, Lepidoptera) and teak skeletonizer, Eutectona machaeralis Walker (Pyralidae: Lepidoptera) are the most widespread and serious pests.
    [Show full text]
  • Archiv Für Naturgeschichte
    © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zobodat.at Lepidoptera für 1903. Bearbeitet von Dr. Robert Lucas in Rixdorf bei Berlin. A. Publikationen (Autoren alphabetisch) mit Referaten. Adkin, Robert. Pyrameis cardui, Plusia gamma and Nemophila noc- tuella. The Entomologist, vol. 36. p. 274—276. Agassiz, G. Etüde sur la coloration des ailes des papillons. Lausanne, H. Vallotton u. Toso. 8 °. 31 p. von Aigner-Abafi, A. (1). Variabilität zweier Lepidopterenarten. Verhandlgn. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 53. Bd. p. 162—165. I. Argynnis Paphia L. ; IL Larentia bilineata L. — (2). Protoparce convolvuli. Entom. Zeitschr. Guben. 17. Jahrg. p. 22. — (3). Über Mimikry. Gaea. 39. Jhg. p. 166—170, 233—237. — (4). A mimicryröl. Rov. Lapok, vol. X, p. 28—34, 45—53 — (5). A Mimicry. Allat. Kozl. 1902, p. 117—126. — (6). (Über Mimikry). Allgem. Zeitschr. f. Entom. 7. Bd. (Schluß p. 405—409). Über Falterarten, welche auch gesondert von ihrer Umgebung, in ruhendem Zustande eine eigentümliche, das Auge täuschende Form annehmen (Lasiocampa quercifolia [dürres Blatt], Phalera bucephala [zerbrochenes Ästchen], Calocampa exoleta [Stück morschen Holzes]. — [Stabheuschrecke, Acanthoderus]. Raupen, die Meister der Mimikry sind. Nachahmung anderer Tiere. Die Mimik ist in vielen Fällen zwecklos. — Die wenn auch recht geistreichen Mimikry-Theorien sind doch vielleicht nur ein müßiges Spiel der Phantasie. Aitken u. Comber, E. A list of the butterflies of the Konkau. Journ. Bombay Soc. vol. XV. p. 42—55, Suppl. p. 356. Albisson, J. Notes biologiques pour servir ä l'histoire naturelle du Charaxes jasius. Bull. Soc. Etud. Sc. nat. Nimes. T. 30. p. 77—82. Annandale u. Robinson. Siehe unter S w i n h o e.
    [Show full text]
  • Management of the Teak Defoliator (Hyblaea Purea) Using Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (Npv)
    KFRI Research Report 151 MANAGEMENT OF THE TEAK DEFOLIATOR (HYBLAEA PUREA) USING NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS (NPV) K.K.S. Nair R.V. Varma V.V. Sudheendrakumar K. Mohandas M.I. Mohamed Ali KERALA FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTE PEECHI, THRISSUR July 1998 Pages: 64 CONTENTS Page File Abstract r.151.2 1 Introduction 1 r.151.3 2 General methods 3 r.151.4 3 Pest population trends and weather during the study period 10 r.151.5 4 Characterization of HpNPV and studies on cross infectivity 18 r.151.6 5 Disease epizootiology 22 r.151.7 6 Mass production of HpNPV 36 r.151.8 7 Development of pest monitioring protocol for timely application of HpNPV for control 41 r.151.9 of H. puera 8 Field Trials of HpNPV for control of H. puera 46 r.151.10 9 Screening of commercial preparation of Bacillus thuringiensis against H. puera 54 r.151.11 10 General discussion and conclusions on the use of HpNPV for management of the 60 r.151.12 teak defoliator 11 References 63 r.151.13 ABSTRACT This study was carried cut during the period January 1'992 to December 1995 to evaluate the usefulness of a naturally occurring a Nuclear Polyhedrosis Vis of the teak defoliator Hyblaea purea (HpNPV) and develop suitable field application methods. Various aspects pertaining to this central issue were investigated in this study, The HpNPV was confirmed to be a DNA virus belonging to the family Baculoviridae. Electrophoretic analysis of the viral DNA using resitriction endonucleases, and SDS-PAGE analysis of the polyhedrin protein showed its similarity to the NPV of other insects.
    [Show full text]
  • 34 First Record of Teak Defoliator, Hyblaea Puera Cramer
    Vol. 24 (1) (March 2021) Insect Environment First record of teak defoliator, Hyblaea puera Cramer (Lepidoptera: Hyblaeidae) on Oroxylum indicum (Lamiales: Bignoniaceae) from south India 1M. Shankara Murthy, 2R. Lokesh, 3Doddabasawa and 4M. Bheemanna 1Department of Agricultural Entomology, 2Dean (Agri.), 3Department of Environmental Studies and Agro-forestry, College of Agriculture, Bheemarayanagudi 585 287, 4Dean (Agri.), College of Agriculture, Raichur 584 104, India University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur 584 104, Karnataka, India Corresponding author: [email protected] Hyblaea puera Cramer (Lepidoptera: Hyblaeidae) commonly-known as teak defoliator and is widely distributed throughout southern Asia. It is a polyphagous pest, recorded on 45 plant species across the world (www.plantwise.org). In India, this species was reported for the first time on Oroxylum indicum (Bignoniaceae) in Assam (Nath and Barman, 2002). O. indicum is a medium-sized deciduous tree, growing 8-12m tall. The roots, stem, and leaves of O. indicum arebeingused in traditional medicine for thousands of years to cure various diseases like allergies, urticaria, jaundice, asthma, sore throat, laryngitis, hoarseness, gastralgia, diarrhoea, dysentery, infantile, erythema and measles cough (Dev et al., 2010). During our periodical visit to Green graduation plot at College of Agriculture, Bheemarayanagudi, Karnataka, we noticed the incidence of H. puera on O. indicum. The neonate larva webbed the tender terminal leaves and fed within by scrapping the green tissues leading to the drying of leaves (Plate 1E-F). Later, larva webs the leaf margin and feed within (Plate 1G). As the larvae grew, they fed on entire leaves and caused defoliation of the plant. It caused about 50 percent defoliation of the plant (Plate 1H).
    [Show full text]
  • Deciphering the Molecular Phylogenetics of Family Hyblaeidae and Inferring the Phylogeographical Relationships Using DNA Barcoding
    Journal of Genetics and Molecular Biology Vol. 19, No. 3, 158-167, September 1, 2008 Deciphering the Molecular Phylogenetics of Family Hyblaeidae and Inferring the Phylogeographical Relationships Using DNA Barcoding Chandrasekhar N., Neetha N.V., Linda Koshy Vaidyan and Moinak Banerjee* Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Human Molecular Genetics Lab, Poojapura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India 695 014 Hyblaea puera (teak defoliator) is a pest moth of teak woodlands in India and other tropics. H. puera is a type genus that represents the fam- ily Hyblaeidae and superfamily Hyblaeoidea. The relationships between the superfamily Hyblaeoidea other smaller superfamilies like Pyraloidea, Bombycoidea, Geometroidea, Noctuoidea, Torticoidea, Papilionoidea and others are not well understood. This study provides substantial molecular evidence in supporting the morphological classification of Hyblaeidae fam- ily and its relationship with other superfamilies. As a molecular tool DNA barcoding has gained importance in species identification and taxonomic verification. Present case study on Hyblaea demonstrates the efficiency of the barcoding gene (folmer region) in discriminating global phylogeograph- ical variants among the Hyblaea species complex. Key words: multigenic phylogeny, Hyblaea puera, Hyblaeidae, Molecular systematics, teak defoliator, DNA barcoding Introduction ing ability demarcates the superfamilies of macrolepidoptera, like Mimallonoidea, Lepidoptera is the second largest order Lasiocampoidea, Bombycoidea, Noctuoidea, in the class Insecta comprising of but- Geometroidea, Axioidea, Calliduloidea, terflies, skippers and moths. So far 127 Hedyloidea, Hesperioidea and Papilionoidea families and 46 superfamilies have been from other Lepidoptera [1]. Microlepidoptera described. Around 98% of the species is an informal grouping of other moths and in the order Lepidoptera fall in Ditrysia butterfly families which are not included group.
    [Show full text]
  • Spatial Dynamics of Teak Defoliator (Hyblaea Puera Cramer) Outbreaks: Patterns and Causes
    SPATIAL DYNAMICS OF TEAK DEFOLIATOR (HYBLAEA PUERA CRAMER) OUTBREAKS: PATTERNS AND CAUSES A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY OF THE COCHIN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY G78b33 By T.V. SAJEEV, M.Se. DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY KERALA FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTE PEECHI, 680 653, KERALA SEPTEMBER 1999 DECLARATION I hereby declare that this thesis entitled "Spatial dynamics of teak defoliator (Hyblaea puera Cramer) outbreaks: patterns and causes" has not previously formed the basis ofany degree, diploma, associateship, fellowship or other similar titles or recognition. Peechi T.V.Sajeev 27th August 1999. CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the Ph.D thesis entitled "Spatial dynamics of teak defoliator (Hyb/aea puera Cramer) outbreaks: patterns and causes" is a genuine record of the research work done by Shri. T.V.Sajeev (Reg.No. 1459) under my scientific supervision and the work has not formed the basis for the award of any degree, diploma or associateship in any University. Thiruvananthapuram (Dr. K.S.S.Nair) 28th August 1999 Supervising Guide ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to place on record my deep sense ofgratitude to: Supervising guide, Dr. K.S.S.Nair, former Director, KFRI for suggesting this problem, his guidance and creative suggestions. Dr. R.V.Varma, Scientist-in-Charge, Entomology Division, KFRI for his encouragement and kind reminders on the task at hand. My colleagues, Dr.V.V.Sudheendrakumar and Dr. K.Mohandas, for their work on the teak defoliator which laid down the framework within which this work was possible. Dr.P.S.Roy, Head, Forestry and Ecology Division, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Dehra Dun, for extending the facilities for the initial GIS anaysis.
    [Show full text]
  • Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) As Biological Control Agents of Pests
    Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) As Biological Control Agents Of Pests A Bibliography Hassan Ghahari Department of Entomology, Islamic Azad University, Science & Research Campus, P. O. Box 14515/775, Tehran – Iran; [email protected] Preface The Ichneumonidae is one of the most species rich families of all organisms with an estimated 60000 species in the world (Townes, 1969). Even so, many authorities regard this figure as an underestimate! (Gauld, 1991). An estimated 12100 species of Ichneumonidae occur in the Afrotropical region (Africa south of the Sahara and including Madagascar) (Townes & Townes, 1973), of which only 1927 have been described (Yu, 1998). This means that roughly 16% of the afrotropical ichneumonids are known to science! These species comprise 338 genera. The family Ichneumonidae is currently split into 37 subfamilies (including, Acaenitinae; Adelognathinae; Agriotypinae; Alomyinae; Anomaloninae; Banchinae; Brachycyrtinae; Campopleginae; Collyrinae; Cremastinae; Cryptinae; Ctenopelmatinae; 1 Diplazontinae; Eucerotinae; Ichneumoninae; Labeninae; Lycorininae; Mesochorinae; Metopiinae; Microleptinae; Neorhacodinae; Ophioninae; Orthopelmatinae; Orthocentrinae; Oxytorinae; Paxylomatinae; Phrudinae; Phygadeuontinae; Pimplinae; Rhyssinae; Stilbopinae; Tersilochinae; Tryphoninae; Xoridinae) (Yu, 1998). The Ichneumonidae, along with other groups of parasitic Hymenoptera, are supposedly no more species rich in the tropics than in the Northern Hemisphere temperate regions (Owen & Owen, 1974; Janzen, 1981; Janzen & Pond, 1975), although
    [Show full text]
  • The Major Arthropod Pests and Weeds of Agriculture in Southeast Asia
    The Major Arthropod Pests and Weeds of Agriculture in Southeast Asia: Distribution, Importance and Origin D.F. Waterhouse (ACIAR Consultant in Plant Protection) ACIAR (Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research) Canberra AUSTRALIA The Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) was established in June 1982 by an Act of the Australian Parliament. Its mandate is to help identify agricultural problems in developing countries and to commission collaborative research between Australian and developing country researchers in fields where Australia has a special research competence. Where trade names are used this constitutes neither endorsement of nor discrimination against any product by the Centre. ACIAR MO'lOGRAPH SERIES This peer-reviewed series contains the results of original research supported by ACIAR, or deemed relevant to ACIAR's research objectives. The series is distributed internationally, with an emphasis on the Third World. © Australian Centre for 1I1lernational Agricultural Resl GPO Box 1571, Canberra, ACT, 2601 Waterhouse, D.F. 1993. The Major Arthropod Pests an Importance and Origin. Monograph No. 21, vi + 141pI- ISBN 1 86320077 0 Typeset by: Ms A. Ankers Publication Services Unit CSIRO Division of Entomology Canberra ACT Printed by Brown Prior Anderson, 5 Evans Street, Burwood, Victoria 3125 ii Contents Foreword v 1. Abstract 2. Introduction 3 3. Contributors 5 4. Results 9 Tables 1. Major arthropod pests in Southeast Asia 10 2. The distribution and importance of major arthropod pests in Southeast Asia 27 3. The distribution and importance of the most important arthropod pests in Southeast Asia 40 4. Aggregated ratings for the most important arthropod pests 45 5. Origin of the arthropod pests scoring 5 + (or more) or, at least +++ in one country or ++ in two countries 49 6.
    [Show full text]
  • Infestation of Mangroves by the Invasive Moth Hyblaea Puera (Cramer, 1777)(Lepidoptera: Hyblaeidae)
    Vol.62: e19170516, 2019 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2019170516 ISSN 1678-4324 Online Edition Article - Biological and Applied Sciences Infestation of Mangroves by the Invasive Moth Hyblaea puera (Cramer, 1777)(Lepidoptera: Hyblaeidae) Luiz Francisco Ditzel Faraco1* https:// orcid.org/0000-0003-0162-1274 Conrado Locks Ghisi2 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4882-1866 Marina Marins3 https://orcid.org0000-0001-6059-7396 Sueli Ota4 https:// orcid.org/0000-0001-9096-3131 Guilherme Schnell Schühli5 https:// orcid.org/0000-0003-1134-4995 1Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBIO), Curitiba, Parana, Brazil; 2Brazilian Institute for the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA), Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; 3Independent Researcher, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil; 3 Environmental Sustainability, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil; 4 TAOWAY Environmental Sustainability, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil 5 Embrapa Florestas, Colombo, Brazil. Received: 2017.08.15; Accepted: 2019.06.12. * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +55-41-987247012 (L.F.D.F.); HIGHLIGHTS • We report the first known infestation by Hyblaea puera in mangroves of Paraná, Southern Brazil. • Massive defoliation of Avicennia schaueriana was observed in a large portion of local mangroves. • We visually estimated levels of impact, focusing on protected areas. • Insert a highlight no longer than 85 characters. Abstract: We report the first known infestation of mangroves by the invasive moth Hyblaea puera in Paraná, Southern Brazil. The infestation caused massive defoliation of Avicennia Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology. Vol.62: e19170516, 2019 www.scielo.br/babt 2 Faraco, L.F.D.; et al. schaueriana trees, affecting approximately 20,000 hectares of mangroves. We discuss the implications for conservation and management, focusing on protected areas, the ecology of mangroves, and local livelihoods.
    [Show full text]
  • Biosafety of Crude and Formulated Hyblaea
    HpNPV formulations against pests and cell lines JBiopest. 5(2): 201-207 JBiopest 5(1): 1-6 Biosafety of crude and formulated Hyblaea puera (Cramer) (Lepidoptera: Hyblaeidae), Nucleopolyherovirus (HpNPV) against silkworm Bombyxmori (L.), Indian mynah, Acridotherustristis (Linn.) and cell lines S. Mahiba Helen1*, V.V. Sudheendrakumar2, T. V. Sajeev2 and R.A. Deshmuk3 ABSTRACT An important aspect of an NPV biocide is its safety to different non-target organisms. The safety of the formulated and crude HpNPV against second instar silkworm Bombyx mori larvae was tested. Larvae fed with crude virus and formulated HpNPV did not show variation in larval weight, pupation percentage, fresh weight of cocoons, shell weight and fecundity. Bird fed with NPV infected H. puera larvae, presence of the viral occlusion bodied was noted in the faecal droppings within an hour of post feeding. Presence of viral particles in the faeces was observed until 24 hrs post- feeding. This suggested that the viral particle did not remain in the body of the bird for long . The test bird behaved normally and remained healthy throughout the observation period of three months suggesting no deleterious effect of HpNPV. Formulated and semi-purified HpNPV was also tested against three cell lines such as human larynx cell line (Hep2), Green monkey kidney cell line (Vero) and Spodoptera frugiperda ovary cell line (Sf-9). After inoculation with the virus, the cell lines did not show any symptom of infection. These studies have explicitly proved the safety of HpNPV. Key words: Baculoviruses, cell lines, Hyblaea puera, Nucleopolyhedrovirus, safety INTRODUCTION (Perchermeier et al., 1994) and the rationale behind the use of Vero (Africal green monkey Baculoviruses are naturally occurring pathogens kidney cell line) cells is that these cells can be exclusively known from arthropods and mostly banked and well characterized.
    [Show full text]
  • Spix35 1 10.Pdf
    SPIXIANA 35 1 143-147 München, August 2012 ISSN 0341-8391 Anmerkungen zur Taxonomie der Familie Hyblaeidae mit Beschreibung der neuen Art, Hyblaea mauricea spec. nov., von der Insel Mauritius (Lepidoptera, Hyblaeidae) Josef J. de Freina & Ulf Buchsbaum de Freina, J. J. & Buchsbaum, U. 2012. Comments on the taxonomy of the fam- ily Hyblaeidae with the description of a new species, Hyblaea mauricea spec. nov., from the island of Mauritius (Lepidoptera: Hyblaeidae). Spixiana 35 (1): 143-147. (in German) A new species of the genus Hyblaea Fabricius, 1793 is described from the Mauri- tius island: Hyblaea mauricea spec. nov. (type material in the Bavarian State Collec- tion of Zoology, Munich, Germany). The new species shows some similarities with Hyblaea paulianii Viette, 1961 from Madagascar, but can be readily distinguished from the latter and all other congeners by the different shape of the vermilion spots of the hind wings and its larger size. The female of H. mauricea spec. nov., its geni- talia and further Hyblaea taxa of the Malagassian sub-region are illustrated, the phylogenetic relationships of these species are discussed. The male of H. mauricea spec. nov. is unknown. Josef J. de Freina, Eduard-Schmid-Straße 10, 81541 München, Germany; e-mail: [email protected] Ulf Buchsbaum, Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Münchhausenstraße 21, 81247 München, Germany; e-mail: [email protected] Einleitung Anmerkungen zur Taxonomie der Familie Hyblaeidae Die Insel Mauritius liegt 57°33' Ost, 20°17' Süd im südlichen Indischen Ozean. Sie wird dem Maskare- Die Gattung Hyblaea Fabricius, 1793 ist auf dem nenarchipel zugerechnet. Die nächstgelegene größe- afrikanischen Kontinent weiträumig verbreitet, aber re Landmasse etwa 1350 km westlich ist Madagaskar.
    [Show full text]
  • Acceptance of the Teak Defoliator Hyblaea Puera (Cramer) (Lepidoptera: Hyblaeidae) by Two Exotic Species of Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)
    i.Biol. Control, 9 (l), 43-44, 1995 Acceptance of the Teak Defoliator Hyblaea puera (Cramer) (Lepidoptera: Hyblaeidae) by Two Exotic species of Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) v.v. SUDHEENDRAKUMAR, S.K. JALALI* and S.P. SINGH* Kerala Forest Research Institute Peechi 680 653, Trichur, Kerala, India Natural control of the teak defoliator, The nucleus cultures of the two parasi toids Hyblaea puera Cramer by a large number of were obtained from the Project Directorate of larval and pupal parasitoids has been reported Biological Control, rCAR, Bangalore and mul­ (Chatterjee and Misra, ]974; Sud­ tiplied on the eggs of Corcyra cephalonica heendrakumar, 1985). However, only very very (Staint). H.puera eggs were available from the little information IS available on egg host cultures maintained in the laboratory. parasitoids of the teak ~efoliator (Beeson, Fresh eggs of H.puera were collected and glued 1941; Nairetal.. 1994). on to 3xl em white card pieces. Cards holding eggs @ 4,10, 20 were prepared. Each egg card Based on a laboratory study, Ahmad (1989) was exposed to one mating pair of the reported acceptance of H.puera eggs by three parasitoid in a glass vial (lOx3 cm). For each species of Trichogramma , namely T.chilonis experiment, 10 repl icates were used. After 24h (=australicum) Ishii, T.brasiliensis Ashmead of exposure of the parasitoids, the eggs were and T.japonicum Ashmead. In the present taken out and kept under observation until paper, the acceptance of H.puera eggs by two parasitoids emergence to determine the per­ arboreal species of Trichogramma under centage parasitism. In another experiment, the laboratory conditions is reported.
    [Show full text]