Census of India, 1891 : General Report
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EAST INDIES (CENSUS). GENERAL REPORT ON THE CENSUS OE INDIA, 1891. ^re^enteXi to Sotl^ |^ou!»e0 of ^sLvUammt tv (Urommanli of iiev Mamtv- LONDON: PRINTED FOE HER MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE, BY EYEE AND SPOTTISWOODE, ' PBINTBES TO THE QUEEN'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY. And to be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller, from EYEE AND SPOTTISWOODE, East Haeding Street, Fleet Street, E.G., and 32, Abingdon Street, Westminster, S.W.; or JOHN MENZIES & Co., 12, Hanover Street, Edinburgh, and 90, West Nile Street, Glasgow; or HODGES, FIGGIS, & Co., Limited, 104, Grafton Street, Ddblin. 1893. [0.—7181.] Price 2s. 7d. : . SALE OF GOVEftyMEJyT I^UBLICATIQJVS. The nnder-mentioned Firms have been apfpointed sole Agents for the sale of Gtoveramant Pablications, inolnding ParUamentaiT BeportB and Papers, Acts of Parliament, Record Office PnbUoations, &o., 4bp,,and»U such works can be purchased from them either directly or through retail booksellers, who, ander the prbinsions of the sale agency contracts, are entitled to a diaooant of 25 per cent, from the selling prices:— VfSr fcll pablications eiteepiing Ordnance and Geological Maps, the Hydrographical Works of the Admiralty, wd Patent Office PnblicationB :—Me^sss. Stbb akd Sfotkiswoode, Uast Harding Street, B.C. For Ordnance and Geological Maps : —Mr. B. Stantobd, Cockspur Street, S-W. For Hydrographioftl Works of the Admiralty -.—Mr. J. D. Poitek, 31, Poultry, JLO. Patent Office Pablications are sold at the Patent Office. For all Pabliofttions exeepting the Hydrographieal Works of the Admiralty and Patent Office Publications! m SCOTLAND:—Messrs. John Mekzus & Co., 12, Hanover Street, Edinburgh, and 90, Wert Nilo Sierenb, Glasgow. IN IRELAND :—Missbs. Hodsbs, Fiooii, & Co., Likited, 104, .pralton Street, llnblin. The following is a list of some of the more important Parliamentary and other Publioations recently issued ;'— ParUauentary Statutes— Ptiblie Ometal, Session 1892. With Index, Tables, &c., Ac. Roy. 8vo. Cloth. Price 3s. Seeond BevUed EcUUon. By authority « VoL L A,D. 1235-1718. Vol. n. A.D. 1714-1800. VoL m. A.0. 1801-1814. Vol. It. A.D. 1814- ,1880- VolV. A.D. 1830-1836. Vol. VI. A.D. 1837-1842. Roy. 8vo. Boards Price 7.. 6(i. each , SievitBd JEdHione. Tables showing subsequent Repeals, effiectfed by Acts of 55 & 56 Vict. 481^,;! Price 6d. Statutes in Force. Index to. Twelfth Edition. To the end of 55 & 56 Vict. (1892.) Roy. Bv6:" Price 10«. Staimtory Bmhs and Orders other than tho^e of a Local, Persoual, or Temporary Character. With a List of ' the more important Statutory Orders oif a Local Character ariranged in OlasB^B ; and an Index. Roy. 8to. Boards. Issued in the ]roajl«1890, 1891, and 1892. ; Price 10». each. Statutory Rules cmd Orcforafffifflloe on Ist Jannaiy 1893. Index to. Imp. 8vo. Cloth. Price 10«. Acts of Parliament, Public, Local, and Private, Session 1893, are now being publislied. ' Laboub Commission:-^ , ? Reports of the Proceedings of the three Oommittees, classed: Groups "A," "B," "0." Subjects, :^., Mining, Iron, Shipbuilding, Railways, Canals, Docks; Agriculture, Clothing, Chemical, Building, and other Trades. In course of pubUcation. [C. 6885.] iNTEENAmoirAi. llbsBjAi^t OoNiTRENCE, 1892. Report of, with Appendix. 126 pp. Price 2«. 6(J. [0. 6990.] Tkade Ukioks. Fifth Report of Labour Correspondent, with Tibbies, 1S91. Price 2».4d[. Of - {0. 7030.] Rating MachisEbt Abroad. Reports by Consuls. ^ Price 3(^. £0. 7044.] Rahway Rates and Charges. Correspondence with regard to J^er^sed Rates; ' Price 7d. [C- 7060 and 7060.— I. apd ii., 7086 and 7098.] Eajst Indian CuBBiEjfci CommiitEb. Report, Bvidenee, &c. Complete, Price 3«. 9|d. rC. 7089.—I.] Education. IEngHANd and Wales. Report of the Committee of Council, with Annendix 1892-93, 901 pp. Tri^Ssld. ,-.;,:., : [C. 7101.] Raiiway R]?TDJiS8 OF THE United KiMJ^fiSjii 1892. 111pp. Price lid. ' Bbhrimg Sea Abbiteation. of the Tribunal. [C. 7107.] Award 16 pp. Price 2rf. Education. [C.7137.] AGaiGUiTUEAL Report on the Distribution of Grants for, 1892-93. 162 pp. Price Sid. Metropoiitan Water Sotplt Commission, Report. [0.7172.] 76 pp. Price 7Jd. H.O., No, 297/93. Buiiding Societies. Report from Select Committee on, with Evidence; Ap^ndix, &c 337 pp. Priced. 9d! H.C. Bill No. 274. District or Parish OotJNCJts, Bill to Constitute. 48 pp, Pric6 M. Obnbcs. England and Wales, and Scotland and Ieeland, 1891. Reports and Poprilation Tables are in course of publication. [C. 6986 and 6986.—i. to xii.] Mines. Reports of Her Majesty's Inspectors for the Tear 1892, with Snnunaries of the Statistical portion under the provisions of the Coal Mines Regulation Act, 1887; Metalliferous Mines Regulation Acts, 1872-1875; Slate Mines (Gunpowder) Act, 18^2, are published in thirteen separate parts. Price 6s. id. (complete). MusJBs worked in the year 1892. List of. 240 pp. Two maps. Price 2«. Abandoned Mines. List of the Plans of. Corrected to Slst 1892. December 74 pp. Price 7d' The following appear periodically, and can be subscribed for :— TkADE 01 THE UNITED KiNOPOM VlTH BRITISH POSSESSIONS FoBJBIOK AND ConSTEIBS, showinsK thewo SJnantrtieBOnftTifa'tJo. and the Declared Value of the ArticloB. Trade Reports of the British Colonies, with information relative to population and general condition. Trade Bbfobts by Her Majesty's Representatives in Foreign Countries, and Reports on Commercial and General Interests. ^ The Prooeedings of Parliament in public and private business ore published daily. House of Lords ' Price W per 4 pp.; House of Commons, la. per 8 pp. State Trials, being Reports of the Chief State Trials which have taken place between 18?0 and the *«womDreaent time, published under the supervision of a Committee appointed by the Lord Chancellor ;— Eoy.Svo. Half cloth. Vol. L 1820-1823. (1888.) Vol. BL 1823-1831. (18iB9.) Vol. IIL 1881-1840 HRfti i Vol.IV. 1839-184S. (1892.) ftioM6.!S :. Rejxwt on the ScientiiBc Results Challenger, H.U.S. A of the voyage of, dnrioK the years 1878-1876 undar fh command of Captain George S. Hares, R.N., F.B.S., and Captain Frank Tutle^omson, ILN. PrenoMd^MidBT the Buperintandence of the late Sir C. WyviHe Thomson, Knt., F.R.S,; and now of John "»'M#«.y,MufraT m.i/.,PhT> V.P.B.B.E. llis Report is now nearly complete, 39 volnmei having already been issued. PREFACE. Some portions of the materials for this work were so late in their arrival that advantage was taken of the delay to compress as far as possible the reyiew of the rest to within moderate dimensions, I have thus deprived myself of the opportunity, of which my predecessor, Sir William Plowden, so freely and gracefully availed himself, of showing my appreciation of the work of my colleagues, the Superin- tendents of the provincial census, by incorporating in my own review copious extracts from theirs. I am none the less under obligations to them for the help they have given me throughout the operations, and for which I now tender my best thanks. Bather than draw comparisons here, I prefer to leave their work to be judged by those who are in a position to view it from a standpoint less partial than that of one who has had so strong and intimate an interest in it and its authors as 1 have had during the last two years. I may nevertheless be allowed the personal gratification of summarising, in a few instances, what will be found expressed in a more diffuse form in the review to which these lines are a prelude. Mr. O'Donnell's work stands by itself, as in no other case has so large a population been enumerated in such detail on the responsibility of a single and practically unaided Superintendent. That his administration was statistically and financially successful is greatly due to the unsparing personal supervision he exercised on the operations from first to last. His analysis of the movement of the population, district by district, is very valuable, and his interesting iconoclastic excursions into the domain of ethnology are by no means without justification in the information he collected. Mr. Stuart was equally successful in his handling of the Madras census, and his review of the results shows a specially keen statistical scent, if the expression be allowed, in following certain paths where one has to walk circumspectly amongst dangerously fragile premises. Messrs. Gait and Maclagan have shown throughout their work the best characteristics of that most valuable speciality of India, the district officer, namely, tact, energy and knowledge of the people. Their returns were the first to be completed, and their review, especially where they respectively tread on fresh grouQd. which both had good opportunities of doing, are full of remarks worth reading. Mr. Bales, too, has written a very valuable account of the census of one of the most interesting portions of the Empire, the two divisions of Burma. Mr. Drew shares with Messrs. Gait and Maclagan the honours of punctuality, and his work on Bombay was the first to reach me in its completed form. As 1 superintended the Bombay census of 1881, I naturally feel more than ordinary interest in this part of the operations, and must frankly acknowledge that, in my opinion, Mr. Drew managed his tabulation better than I did, though in the matter of the review, I confess a preference for my own bantling. The Central Provinces were enumerated by a Superintendent who, before he went to take up the census work, had never set foot in the Province in his life. The great reduction in the cost, and the amount of information collected in the review, speak for themselves in Mr. Robertson's favour, both as administrator and reporter. Messrs. Egerton and Hastings, too, worked well in Aim^r and Berar.