Issue 3 | September 2013

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2 | Issue 3 | September 2013 European Heat Pump NEWS

Dr.-Ing. Bernhard Wille-Haussmann Dipl.-Ing. Dipl. Wirt.-Ing. David Fischer Smart Grid Integration Group Energy Management and Grids Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE Phone: +49 (0) 761/4588-5443 [email protected] of Heat Pumps [email protected]

Without any question the energy system of System Integration today is undergoing a rapid change in most of Europe. Maybe the most well-known The crucial question for the design of heat pump systems and advanced activity in this context is the and control strategies is under which conditions they will be German so called “Energiewende”. The goal operated in the future energy system. Two boundaries are for 2030 is that 50 % of the gross electricity outlined on the system level. The first one is to integrate HP consumption shall be covered by renewables. An increasing share into home energy systems. The second one is to integrate the of renewable energy, coming along with a more decentralized entire home energy system in a local, regional or national power generation and a rapid development in information energy system. In Figure 1 an exemplary future energy system and communication technology leads to new challenges and is shown. possibilities in the energy sector. Private households can be In the future two trends are expected: integrated in Smart Energy Cities (e.g. via the so called Virtual 1. An increase in decentralized renewable energy will change the Power Plants) or use their flexibility and storage capacities to role of the consumer in the energy system towards producing cover their energy use by “homemade” electricity (e.g. PV). This and consuming energy at different times of the day. offers new possibilities for electric driven heat pump systems 2. An increase in communication technology and smart meters which take advantage of the flexibility offered by cheap thermal will enable new business models that support joint operation storage, to operate in a beneficial way for the owner or the energy and pooling of decentralized generation and consumption. system operator. The high efficiency of well-designed heat pump Here, the operation goal is to support a secure, stable and systems could help to fulfill the goal of energy saving and by use economically efficient supply of energy in the whole system. of renewables to reduce CO2-emissions significantly. Operation of Pooling of numerous hp for balancing can be realized by heat pump units in the energy system of the future will lead to means of different organization and control strategies by the need of new control strategies which are currently developed approaches such as Virtual Power Plants. within the Green Heat Pump Project. The resulting strategies will be tested in the SmartEnergyLab at Fraunhofer ISE. Two main conclusions are drawn from this trend influencing control mechanisms of prospective home energy systems. Green Heat Pump Project First: Different sources of energy supply and generation will be found in domestic energy systems on the house level. On An increase of efficiency in energy use leads to a reduction of CO2 the thermal side solar thermal systems, conventional boilers, emissions. While in general a big share of energy is used in the cogeneration systems and thermal storages are expected. On residential sector. In many European countries it is used especially the electric side local PV plants, battery storage and electric for heating purposes. In Europe 36 % of the residential building vehicles are likely. Hence, integrating and orchestrating the stock are multifamily homes of which approximately 80 % are generation of energy from different renewable sources, the older than 20 years. Consequently, increasing the energy efficiency storage and conventional energy generation into a home of such houses would have a big impact on the EU CO2 reduction energy system is a challenging task for system and control goals. Heat pumps as efficient heat generation systems can be designers. From the operational point of view the system applied to replace low efficiency heating technologies based on needs to be operated with high efficiency and at minimum fossil fuels. Due to the good accessibility air as heat source can be cost. Considering solar thermal energy and electricity a solution for heat pumps in cities. Thus, the Green Heat Pump generated from PV in a private house one option for a smart project aims at developing a new, high efficient air-to-water heat home is to be operated by means of maximizing the use of self- pump for retrofitting multifamily houses. This will be reached by: generated “home-made” energy. Thus, enough free capacity • Improving every single component of a heat pump unit, from storages will be available in times where high production • Improving the heat pump system itself and is expected and enough electricity is stored for times of high • Improving system integration. demand. Moreover, the fact that production and demand often varies on a daily and seasonal base also needs to be considered Hereafter, the challenges of integrating heat pumps into future in the design of control strategies. energy systems will be outlined. The impact of new control Second: The integration of home energy systems into the concepts will be highlighted and the developments within the smart grid will change the operation of homes. As a matter of Green Heat Pump project will be introduced. The Hardware fact, the optimal behavior for a house such as maximizing self- in the Loop tests at Fraunhofer ISE’s SmartEnergyLab will be consumption might not be optimal on a regional or national level. described briefly at the end of this article. For more info about Hence, besides operating at a locally optimal point the Energy the project, access: www.greenhp.eu. Management System (EMS) should be able to communicate European Heat Pump NEWS Issue 3 | September 2013 | 3

Figure 1: System integration of the Green Heat Pump unit. and interact with the higher level system. Different concepts SmartEnergyLab as test facility and standards regarding the design of communication are for the Green Heat Pump shown in Table 1. One of the core challenges of the future energy system is the required amount of control and intelligence on As shown previously, new control concepts will be required a local level as well as the amount of communication and the for the operation of heat pumps and home energy systems in communicated content. The current Smart Grid Ready (SG- tomorrow’s energy system which will be based on smart grids. Ready) approach is based on a one-way communication and A system simulation of the Green Heat Pump unit will be done a four stepped signal: 1 = Turn Off, 2 = High Price (Can Run), 3 by Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) and Fraunhofer ISE in = Low Price (Should Run) and 4 = Must Run. This leaves some order to develop an optimal control strategy. The algorithms limited system operation freedom for the local EMS. The VHP- are developed, implemented and tested by Fraunhofer ISE in Ready specification is another approach which considers a cooperation with KTH and HESCH Industrie-Elektronik GmbH. bidirectional communication and a schedule that is calculated In the next step the Green Heat Pump Unit will be evaluated centrally by the operator of a Virtual Power Plant who transmits within the SmartEnergyLab at Fraunhofer ISE. it to the Home Energy System. In this case the task of the local The SmartEnergyLab with its combination of real infrastructure EMS would be to orchestrate the domestic energy system in (thermal storage, inverter, batteries and cogeneration unit) and order to meet the schedule. The communication protocol IEC emulation (heat and electricity sinks, PV generator) provides 61850 currently provides many possibilities in data content a realistic surrounding for testing the Green Heat Pump. For transmitted. A model of the underlying system is communicated further information please acess: www.smartenergylab.de. between the participants. Using a client server structure, values The goal is to integrate the heat pump into the Hardware in the of the underlying so called logical nodes are exchanged. This can Loop test Environment (HiL). In such an environment, changes include an optimized operating schedule, prices and forecasts. in the algorithms and control methods can be carried out and Moreover, different operating modes such as grid-friendly tested immediately with the real hardware. The advantage operation of the local energy systems in times of critical grid of the method is to improve the design and robustness of the loads are possible using IEC 61850. Hence this protocol is a very evaluation results. System simulation tools such as Trnsys and general and flexible communication standard offering lots of ColSim will be used to emulate the building. Additionally, real possibilities concerning the communicated content and thus devices such as smart meters, inverters, batteries and a thermal possible operation strategies. storage are included to emulate a smart home. Within the laboratory environment the features and functionalities of the Standard/ Direction Content Protocol control system will be tested under extreme conditions as well as selected smart grid cases. By doing so, the performance of the SG-Ready Operator -> EMS 1 Turn Off – 2 Low Price – 3 High Price – 4 Must Run. Green Heat Pump prototype as well as its control algorithms can VHP-Ready Operator <-> EMS e.g.: Schedule, System state,… be optimized before a field test could be performed. IEC 61850 Operator <-> EMS Automatic exchange of system model Also possible: Price, Price Forecast, Weather Forecast, Schedule, Conclusion and Outlook System State, Operation Mode, … The evolution of the energy system in the following decades will Table 1: Possible communication standards and protocols for smart change the way end users produce and consume energy and how grid integration of heat pumps. utilities operate the grid. Heat Pumps allow for more flexibility Summarized, compared to the conventional system the in the future energy systems. This offers new possibilities and operation of energy systems with a high share of renewable chances for home owners as well as utilities. Optimizing the generation is much more complex. Local energy production, operation of smart homes as part of a smart grid will lead to new flexible prices, operation schedules or forced operation modes requirements for the control of energy systems. New control will increase the need for intelligent operation strategies schemes are developed within the Green Heat Pump Project and within a smart grid environment. tested in the SmartEnergyLab at Fraunhofer ISE. 4 | Issue 3 | September 2013 European Heat Pump NEWS

Lindsay Sugden Delta-ee Why energy companies will (Research Manager – Heat Pumps) +44 (0)131 625 1006 need smart heat pumps [email protected]

It may be hard to make money from smart heat pumps today, Energy company problems and opportunities but the signs are that ‘smart’ will be an important part of – and how heat pumps can help heat pumps’ future. All of Europe’s top five energy companies (GDF, EDF, E.ON, RWE, Enel), plus several others (e.g. Vattenfall, The table highlights some of the utility problems which ‘smart’ Fortum, SSE, British Gas) are already engaging in smart heat pumps can play a role in resolving: projects involving heat pumps – we provide some examples in this article. ‘Smart’ heat pumps bring value to the electricity Problem / opportunity Heat Pump solution industry. Aside from parts of the Nordic region, it’s not always Electricity retailers face HP operating times can be easy to extract this value today. Hence, most of the activity is increasingly volatile wholesale influenced according to at the early stages, mainly involving small-scale pilot projects, electricity prices due to fluctuating energy prices – though with some commercial roll-out of smart electric intermittent generation such as delivering running cost savings wind. Huge spikes in prices can for the end user (if they have heating from Finnish utility Fortum and from Vattenfall in be followed by negative power flexible tariffs) or increased Germany. prices margins for the retailer Aggregators, often independent Smartly operated heat pumps To Delta-ee, the direction of travel is clear. Smart heat pumps and emerging in several European provide demand-side flexibility will be a key component of the long term future of heat pumps, markets, require flexibility in which can form part of an driven by the value they can bring to the electricity market – and, demand to sell their packages of aggregated load to trade on if flexible tariffs are rolled out beyond some Nordic countries, aggregated ‘negative demand’ energy markets and distributed generation on the value they can bring to the customer as well. For energy energy markets companies, smart heat pumps are not just an R&D plaything. Distribution Network operators The smart operation of heat If you examine the mainstream investor presentations of two need to avoid the costs of new pumps can for example, reduce European giants, it is clear that they understand opportunities grid infrastructure, for example peak demand, or increase from working with large numbers of distributed assets such as to support demand peaks from the self-consumption of PV heat pumps. One of E.On’s main focuses is to deliver “service- loads such as heat pumps and based business models and virtual combination of distributed electric vehicles, or manage export from PV assets”. RWE plan to increase “investment in energy services in Germany”, particularly for “special products such as virtual System operators face an Smart operation of heat pumps increasing challenge to balance provides an extra source of power plants”. Smart is certainly on the agenda, and it is clear generation (less predictable, more flexible demand for system that heat pumps have a role to play. intermittent) and demand (peak operators demand is growing more rapidly So why is ‘smart’ important to these energy companies? They than average demand in are facing several challenges – and some opportunities – as a number of markets). they move to a low carbon future. European Heat Pump NEWS Issue 3 | September 2013 | 5

Heat pump manufacturers stand to gain through the greater now extending to residential scale – because a large number market opportunities available to them if they are ‘smart- of small assets create greater demand-side flexibility. ready’. This opportunity could be significant if the smart operation of heat pumps brings with it attractive customer Vattenfall has developed its own (non-proprietary) propositions – as are emerging in the Nordic region, and as specification for the required capabilities of heat pumps in we expect to emerge over time in other markets. HEMS and the VPP – manufacturers complying with the specifications BEMS companies can also gain value through new market receive the “VHP Ready” label. Stiebel Eltron was the first heat opportunities to use their technologies as the intelligent link pump company to receive the label – but more manufacturers between the energy system and the demand side. are encouraged to join.

We highlight examples of five different approaches to solving The risk for HP manufacturers in investing in developing the utility problems with smart heat pumps: required control capability is that Vattenfall’s specification will not necessarily be a blue-print for a wider industry standard. 1. Vattenfall Europe: Energy retailer capturing energy market However, heat pump companies stand to gain valuable learning value through influencing the operating times of many HPs experience, as well as increased sales (over 100,000 housing within a Virtual Power Plant, delivering greater margin to units are currently under Vattenfall’s VPP control). The attractive its retail business customer proposition could encourage significant growth in HP 2. Customer-Led Network Revolution: Distribution Network sales – Vattenfall’s model is to install the asset for free and tie Operator (Northern Power Grid) testing ways to managing the customer into a long-term preferential rate heat contract. distribution grid congestion and energy retailer (British Gas) testing the best ways to get demand-side flexibility. 3. Entelios: Independent aggregator already making money 2. Customer-led network revolution: Network company and from trading flexible loads on energy markets – in some energy supplier testing ways to managing distribution grid cases including air conditioning. congestion 4. PowerMatchingCity: Using hybrid heat pumps to offer flexibility for retailers and network operators. 5. Enel Green Power: Smart control of heat pumps to manage the impact of PV on distribution networks.

1. Vattenfall Europe: Energy Supplier capturing energy market value through influencing the operating times of many HPs within a Virtual Power Plant

This demonstration project (funded by the UK Low Carbon Network Fund) has been led by the Distribution Network Operator (Northern Powergrid) with the Energy Supplier (British Gas) to test the application of smart grids on the distribution network.

The project includes 1,000 heat pumps as well as electric vehicles and other microgeneration in 14,000 homes & businesses. Heat pumps from Mitsubishi, Daikin, and Neura have been included in the pilot. Different mechanisms to influence operating times are being tested – from price signals to direct control.

The project is still on-going – a key outcome is to understand Vattenfall Europe’s Virtual Power plant (VPP) was developed in the customers. This will provide valuable learning experience response to increasing volatility of power prices on the German about how to engage customers, which is critical to the market caused by the increasing penetration of wind. The VPP success of demand response projects. captures value through influencing the operating times of • How to engage customers – what propositions will attract heat pumps and CHP plants according to power prices. them? • How will customers react to third party control? Vattenfall Europe began by retrofitting control technology • How much flexibility can customers provide – and which onto its own and third party commercial-scale assets, but is control mechanisms are most effective? 6 | Issue 3 | September 2013 European Heat Pump NEWS

3. Entelios: Dedicated demand response company already 5. Enel Green Power: Smart control of heat pumps integrated making money from trading aggregated flexible loads on to manage the impact of PV energy markets Enel Green Power has partnered with home automation company There Corporation (from Finland), and are now selling There’s Virtuoso Service across in Italy. The Virtuoso Service is a smart control system which links the home and the energy market – it controls the operation of PV and Heat Pumps according to energy prices, delivers energy savings to customers, and is a way to manage the impact of escalating PV installations. There Corporation is also working with Fortum in the Nordic markets. Germany-based Entelios aggregates controllable electrical loads and decentralised generating plants belonging to commercial and industrial energy users, capturing value through trading the flexible loads on power markets (either itself, or on behalf of energy companies, sharing the captured value with the customer). While HVAC is a small part of Entelios’ current business, it is an important building block in the development of aggregated loads. In the future we expect that influencing the timing of heat This is not a pilot project – it is already a commercial business. pump operation for the wider electricity system will be The next step is to roll out the model in other markets and standard practice. By 2020, 15–20% of annual installations potentially with smaller-scale assets, which could increase the could be ‘smart’, and the value to the energy system could be flexibility of the aggregate-able loads. Keeping the customer in the order of 100s of millions of euros per year. Heat pump happy is a critical concern, and one key aim for Entelios manufacturers need to balance their efforts between focusing regarding the use of HVAC in demand response, is to better on the ‘here and now’, where smart is largely not yet valued, understand how much temperature change a customer will to preparing themselves for a future when smart capability is accept. an essential part of their product’s functionality. Companies involved in some of these early pilot projects are preparing themselves well for the future. 4. Power Matching City: Using hybrid heat pumps to manage grid peaks

Power Matching City is a demonstration project in the Netherlands which has already been running for more than 5 years. It is supported by the utility Essent, and aims to use Make your City smarter demand-side resources (including hybrid heat pumps and micro-CHP) to manage peaks in the grid, and address supply/ with local RES: Implementing demand imbalances. Geothermal in Cities.

Condensing boilers have been replaced with hybrid HPs in 10th October 2013 | 9:00-14:00 12 homes. Hybrid heat pumps were chosen because of their Renewable Energy House, Brussels contribution to demand-side flexibility - their ability to switch between heat sources means that electricity demand can be The building sector is one of the most reduced without impacting on end-user comfort. important energy consumers in Europe. Geothermal Energy offers a huge potential A range of mechanisms for influence/control of the HPs is being tested – from flexible Time of Use Tariffs to Virtual Power for energy saving, up to 70% compared to Plant operation, with developed “powermatcher” technology traditional Heating and cooling systems. as the control hub for the system. Essent’s current role in the project is developing possible customer propositions to test To register, please use the online form at which will engage customers and provide maximum flexibility. regeocities.eu/events EuropeanProjekt4_Layout Heat 1Pump 10.10.13 NEWS 16:38 Seite 1 Issue 3 | September 2013 | 7

Join us at the 7th EHPA European Heat Pump Forum DATE 20 May 2014 | VENUE Ellington Hotel, Berlin

The German „Energiewende“ and the EU policy framework: what does it mean for heat pumps? The 7th edition of EHPA’s annual Forum is back with an insightful programme and great opportunities to th network and to expand your knowledge on the heat 7 EHPA pump universe. This year’s Forum will be the perfect occasion to discuss the latest regulatory issues EUROPEAN affecting the technology. Just a few days before the European Parliament elections the programme will HEAT PUMP cover the most relevant EU policy items affecting the heat pump markets, such as: FORUM G Setting energy and climate targets beyond 2020 G The impact of current legislation: F-Gas, Ecodesign and Energy Efficiency G The European electricity grid – excess electricity and heat pumps 20 MAY G Nearly Zero Energy Buildings (nZEB) G 2014 Social benefits from the use of heat pumps ELLINGTON Next to that, there will be presentations on the European Heat Pump Market, as well as on the latest HOTEL, technology developments. BERLIN Taking place in Berlin, Germany one of the most im- portant heat pump markets, the EHPA Forum will welcome representatives of manufacturers, universi- ties, industry experts and decision makers at Euro- pean and national level. Be part of it and do not miss the chance to find out how heat pumps can contribute to the “Energie- e date wende”! Save th For more information, registration and fees, please visit our web-site at http://forum.ehpa.org or contact us at [email protected]

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John L. Harris Renewables, Heat Pumps and Smart Metering Vice President Landis+Gyr AG in a “variable speed Europe” [email protected] Will we have the right technology in place at the right time?

The direction is clear: Europe is striving for a low-carbon energy The increase in the amount of renewable energies in the future with a large percentage of renewable energy and a very European energy mix over the last decade is indisputable, and high level of energy efficiency. The European Commission has every indication is that this will continue to grow. produced policy papers en masse. We have the Energy Strategy 2020, the Framework for Climate and Energy Policy 2030 and the Energy Roadmap 2050. Anyone who has even been remotely involved in EU energy policy over the last five years is familiar with the 20-20-20 targets: 20% CO2 reduction, 20% increase in energy efficiency and 20% renewables by 2020. It must be remembered, however, that the last goal refers to primary energy use, which would imply 35% renewables in electricity generation.

The heat pump and the smart metering industries have been vigorously investing in R&D and bringing high-quality products Source: European Commisison, Renewable energy progress report, COM(2013) 175 Final to the market. The renewables industry has experienced such a boom, that it could be argued that it is a victim of its own Likewise, the heat pump sector has seen considerable growth success, and has already reached “maturity” in the product over the last several years: life cycle. These three branches will be critical to realizing the vision of a low-carbon energy supply system. 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 AT 9 702 13 518 15 148 18 705 18 138 16 962 16 686 17 494 Increased amounts of non-dispatchable renewables in the BE 0 0 0 0 3 633 4 393 7 609 9 310 generation mix – and particularly de-centralized generation CH 11 877 15 806 16 722 21 196 21 039 20 662 20 224 21 497 such as photovoltaic and small-scale wind power – place heavy CZ 1 363 2 027 2 677 2 582 3 622 6 446 6 456 6 662 burdens on the network, and in order to make the maximum DE 25 832 51 827 52 630 81 385 66 948 62 748 65 873 70 300 use of the feed-in of renewable energies, demand-side DK 8 423 15 069 24 069 23 160 24 634 30 393 management is indispensable. In this regard, variable load, such EE* 0 0 7 560 11 510 10 215 10 466 11 806 13 495 as that provided by HP play an important role. The key element ES 0 0 0 0 0 71 616 75 392 50 418 between the two is the smart metering system. By providing FI* 37 157 46 650 55 500 79 806 67 752 65 060 72 267 61 006 two-way communication and the ability to exchange data FR 25 200 66 510 69 600 176 110 148 698 118 175 139 518 142 066 between the various market actors and thereby providing the technology to control both generation and load, it will be the HU 0 0 0 0 799 956 866 706 keystone of the dynamic energy supply system of the future. IE*1 0 0 0 0 0 1 437 1 228 1 389 IT 140 310 135 842 167 232 144 679 106 992 123 377 127 819 118 350 Landis+Gyr, as the world’s largest provider of energy management LT* 0 0 0 0 554 517 597 645 solutions and the leading smart metering technology leader in NL 0 5 366 5 004 7 511 8 845 8 497 9 330 9 010 Europe, with over 100 deployments and more than 7 million NO 40 000 55 500 70 300 84 685 84 036 93 842 83 458 67 383 endpoints, firmly believes that smart metering is not only the PL 0 0 0 0 0 8 245 10 640 12 568 “stepping stone to the smart grid”, but that the data gathering PT 13 132 14 829 16 250 15 612 11 727 18 851 14 788 8 671 and control functions smart metering technology provides will SE 101 329 122 473 93 750 133 383 116 900 127 574 106 775 95 107 be essential to realizing the full-potential of the benefits of SK 0 0 0 0 495 860 530 705 renewable generation and the ecological and economic benefits UK 750 1 870 3 800 8 560 16 455 18 740 18 500 17 869 heat pumps provide. The question, however, is whether all of

these technologies will be in place in sufficient amounts for Source: EHPA, European Heat Pump Market and Statistics Report 2013 European consumers to benefit from their full potential. Neither the EU goals mentioned above nor the target of 80% of European The crux of the issue, however, lies in whether the technology households equipped with smart metering systems, laid down that connects the two – renewable generation and the variable in the 3rd Energy Package notwithstanding, the question of load that heat pumps can provide - will be in place in order to deployment will be critical to making the transition to a clean allow maximum benefit to be derived from them. and efficient energy supply system. European Heat Pump NEWS Issue 3 | September 2013 | 9 Source: EU Commission, presentation from Manuel Sanchez.

In the 3rd Energy Package, it is foreseen that 80% of European Even in this latest statistic from the Commission, revisions households are equipped with smart meters by 2020. This already must be made. The rollout in the UK has been delayed. requirement is conditional upon a Cost-Benefit-Analysis that The rollout in France has not, and will not, begin in 2013. It is the Member States may carry out. That is the policy, but will doubtful whether Spain will have nation-wide smart metering there be enough smart meters installed in Europe to handle coverage by 2018, etc. the increase in stochastic generation and enable variable load? This is not a case of “industrial moaning” but rather a critical According to the latest status report on smart metering by the aspect of the energy transition. Renewables and the variable Council of European Energy Regulators (CEER), only two EU load provided by heat pumps fit well together. Through the Member States have completed a smart metering rollout in increase in the amount of renewable generation on line, there electricity. Even this statement should be taken with a grain are times when there are negative prices on the European of salt, as both Italy and Sweden started their rollout very Energy Exchange (EEX). That means that there is a considerable early, and the functionalities of the smart meters deployed amount of renewable, CO2 free generated electricity that are not necessarily sufficient to handle the current and cannot be used. Both from an ecological as well as from an future challenges of a high level of renewables, demand-side economical point of view this is tragic: a waste of ecological management and the transition to a smart grid. Five more friendly, macro-economic resources. countries are in the course of conducting a smart meter rollout, but alarmingly 16 EU Member States have not even begun the Moreover, this will become more critical as the number of introduction of smart metering. heat pumps and the amount of RES increases, as both are complementary. Heat pumps can dynamically increase load and provide heating during seasonal wind peaks in the colder times of the year. Conversely, they can provide cooling in the summer when solar power is most abundant. The key and the combing element between renewable generation and its effective use is the smart metering system.

The amount of renewable generation has increased significantly in the last decade and by all accounts will continue to do so. This, in turn, will require the introduction of more intelligence into the transmission and distribution system instead of “more copper and steel”. Only then will we have the dynamic, multi-direction energy supply system needed to meet the energy policy and environmental goals of the next 40 years. In order to integrate such amounts of RES – and use it most effectively – demand side management is indispensable. Heat pumps play a crucial role in providing Source: CEER “Status Review of Regulatory Aspects of Smart Metering” C13-RMF-54-05, from this variable load. But we can have the best technology in the 12 September 2013. world at both ends of the energy supply chain: generation and load, but unless we have the key technology to combine the Although the Commission foresees a more or less timely two, it will be a wasted effort, and we will jump far short of the introduction of smart metering across the Union, we all know goals set for 2020, 2030 and 2050. that the European Union has an almost unbroken record of setting goals and failing to meet them. 10 | Issue 3 | September 2013 European Heat Pump NEWS

Carsten Thomas Energy management and intelligent electricity use Product Manager Glen Dimplex Deutschland GmbH in the smart home [email protected] Smart Eco System® controls entire building technology Smart Eco System® is an intelligent means of home energy management, which enables efficient electricity use in private homes and is already well equipped for the intelligent power network of the future.

Application today: Components and installation: More and more constructors and renovators are turning to At the heart of the Smart Eco System® is the central unit, the networked building technology to benefit from its central Smart Eco Box, which is connected to the home’s Internet control system and resulting efficiency gains. Dimplex enables network via a LAN cable. All the consumers to be controlled such a networked configuration with the Smart Eco System® in the building are linked with the central unit via wired or and provides convenient, central operation for a range of wireless connections. Consumers that draw power from the applications. This includes the control of a Dimplex heat socket can be actuated remotely via interconnected function pump or ventilation system, activation and deactivation of connectors. The Smart Eco System® supports the established various consumers, such as lights and audio systems, or the international wireless standards EnOcean and Z-Wave. intelligent use of photovoltaic power from the building’s roof. Dimplex heat pumps can be connected with the central unit This interlinked and centrally controllable building technology of the Smart Eco System® via RS485 (Modbus) or LAN. The local combines convenient operation with additional energy saving Dimplex ventilation units communicate with the central unit potential. via the EnOcean standard.

Enabling efficient electricity use The new Smart Eco System® can be programmed such that the efficiency of the entire building technology is improved. For example, consumers can be activated precisely when photovoltaic power is available from the roof and not required anywhere else. The rate of intrinsic consumption can thus be increased and electricity costs reduced.

The Smart Eco System® also enables the visualisation of operating and consumption data for all connected consumers, ranging from lights to heat pumps. The current power consumption and operating costs can be accessed at any time, thus providing the occupant with an up-to-date overview of his electricity costs and allowing him to adapt his usage accordingly.

Controlling means:

A particularly convenient feature of the central control unit is that it can be accessed via the Internet. The entire domestic building technology can thus be controlled from anywhere in the world, either via an app or Internet browser. The app in question will be available for Android and Apple iOS devices from April 2014 and provides a simple yet visually appealing means of control. European Heat Pump NEWS Issue 3 | September 2013 | 11

EREC2013 Europe’s Renewable Energy Policy Conference 28 November 2013, Brussels, Belgium With over 400 participants from 30 countries, EREC2013 is an opportunity to Join Europe’s leading biennial Renewable Energy Policy Conference, EREC2013, engage with stakeholders and decision that has grown since its first edition in 2004 to become Europe’s major occasion makers in the renewable energy sector, for exchange and interaction between industry, research and policy. and to identify the latest global and European trends in renewable energy EREC2013 will feature: policies. Connie Hedegaard, European • boosting jobs, growth and innovation for Europe by investing in renewable energies Commissioner for Climate Action, and • the question of whether Europe is on track to meet its 2020 targets Jaroslav Neverovic˘ , Energy Minister of • the need for an ambitious 2030 framework providing stability and predictability to investors Lithuania, will be among the eminent European Commissioner for Climate Action Connie Hedegaard will give the keynote address speakers representing the fields of renewable energy and environmental Why join EREC2013? issues. Europe’s progress towards its EREC2013 is a unique platform to reach key decision makers in the renewable energy sector. 2020 targets, and the role that an It offers you an unparalleled opportunity to directly engage with senior policy makers and to ambitious 2030 policy framework could enhance your company’s image as a key actor in the renewable energy market. play, will be key topics.

Register now and make the right connections! Sponsorship opportunities are still available for EREC2013 and registrations www.erec2013.org are now open.

Diamond Sponsor Gold Sponsor Sponsor EREC2013 Gain direct access to your target audience and raise your company profile. We offer tailor made sponsor- ship packages. Download the sponsorship brochure on www.erec2013.org. Public Power Corporation S.A.-Hellas Energy for everyone Dimplex Division: Short profile Fit forMedia SmartPartners Grid The Smart Eco Box of the Smart Eco System® is already The Glen Dimplex Group is the world’s largest ma- equipped for the intelligentTHE ENERGY INDUSTR powerY network of tomorrow, the nufacturer of electrically-operated heating systems Smart Grid. In future, the signalTIME Sfor “green electricity” can be and its subsidiary, Glen Dimplex Deutschland GmbH, transmitted to the central unit online. Suitable consumers are is one of Germany’s leading heat pump specialists. then activated according to configurable priorities in order to utilise the cheaper green electricity when it is available. The Dimplex Division has over 35 years’ experience in the development of innovative, environmentally The Smart Eco System® thus represents a modern and friendly heat pump systems for utilising ground affordable control system for efficient and future-proof energy water, ground and outside air heat sources. management in private households. The European DACH/EHPA quality seal for heat pumps guarantees the highest quality in all For additional information visit areas of application. The comprehensive quality www.dimplex.de/en/smartecosystem. management system in accordance with DIN EN ISO 9001 also ensures the consistently high quality of Dimplex products.

Dimplex also underpins this by offering an extended 5-year warranty on all heat pump models and central ventilation units commissioned by an authorised Dimplex after-sales service. The Glen Dimplex product range also includes local ventilation systems, storage heating, direct heating, underfloor heating, domestic hot water appliances and solar collectors.

11th Heat Pump Forum Registration and For more information, visit www.dimplex.de information 28 and 29 Nov. 2013 (in German only): Ellington Hotel, Berlin www.bwp-service.de 12 | Issue 3 | September 2013 European Heat Pump NEWS

The exeptional energy concept of the Sauerland pyramids

Background built up. In the future interactive exhibitions are to take place in this park which aims to show the fun of learning. High above the industrial estate Sachtleben 1 in Meggen/ Sophisticated attractions make the Sauerland pyramids a place Germany, directly adjacent to the now defunct mine shaft, of amazement of wondering. seven pyramids tower the skyline. „Why pyramids of all things?“ was the question often heard and a justifiable question. In any case the pyramid shape is neither a cheap The energy concept construction form, nor even typical for the Sauerland region. When planning the Sauerland pyramids the aim was not only to achieve an exceptional and attractive exterior. The pyramids The explanation lies within the long term targets which are are also subject to a highly innovative energy concept. being focused with the construction of the pyramid park. Therefore it was decided even before building the first pyramid Already in the year 2000 TRACTO-TECHNIK and RAYONEX to apply geothermal heat to heat and cool the building. One of owner Wolfgang Schmidt had started to plan a theme which the reasons was the fact that the area was not yet developed was supposed to offer local inhabitants and also tourists, for gas and the only other alternative would have been to unusual and sophisticated attractions. use oil. With the know how available and the necessary bore „The Sauerland pyramids are a place of amazement and technology from TRACTO-TECHNIK a quick decision was made wondering. Not a place for simple, mild entertainment but full to apply the renewable energy. of sophisticated attractions, which is aimed to awaken new interests and reflect, a place for exploring and for exhibitions To heat the 1300 m² office and production area of the RAYONEX and performances on the border of the human knowledge” pyramids, a total of 15 slanted bores each 60 m (total 900 m) were according to owner Wolfgang Schmidt. produced in the mountains using the horizontal drilling technique and later equipped with twin-heating tubes. The heating capacity These types of exhibitions would not seem right being held in is 32.6 kW. Heating is carried out directly which means without a „normal factory building”, they require special “packaging”, applying a heat exchanger, by circulating the brine volume out of which optically correspond to the unusual themes on show. the pyramids into the mountains and vice-versa. As the area was set up on the backfill of the defunct mine shaft a special focus The choice of the pyramid form was quickly chosen. The during the bores was to bore through as many water bearing pyramids (from Gizeh / Egypt) are the last remaining of the levels as possible. This was meant to ensure a high heat extraction „Seven Wonders of ancient times“. They stand for aesthetics and also a maximum re-generation capacity. and timeless beauty and connect the mystical with an enigmatic vibrance. At the same time the form of the pyramids For heating and cooling of the 1400 m² building area of the lead to a high recognition value and degree of awareness. Galileo Park a further bore method was applied to extract the The degree of popularity of the Sauerland pyramids increases geothermal heat. A total of 9 vertical bores each 99 metres with every exhibition and each visitor who enthusiastically were carried out using the vertical bore unit Geodrill 20 V reports about his visit. On the other hand exhibitions and other from TRACTO-TECHNIK. Later these bore holes were equipped events profit from the degree of popularity and the image with Double U-pipes (diameter 32 mm). The heat transfer of the Sauerland pyramids where they take place. A simple medium was a mixture of 25% mono-ethylene-glycole in example of the synergy effects. water. For reasons of a sound geophysical ground loop design the planning software „Earth Energy Designer” was applied. From the energy supply station, the so-called “Energy temple”, The construction phase heating and cooling of the other pyramids is controlled 1. Construction section centrally. The 63 kW heating pump installed here provides a The first construction section started in 2005. After less than comfortable climate in all of the pyramids within the park. 6 months the first 2 pyramids were opened with a celebration party. These pyramids have been the head office of RAYONEX In the Galileo Park not only heating and cooling of the buildings GmbH, the manufacturer‘s of complex bio-resonance systems, is necessary, but also of a 200 m² pond. It needs to be heated in since then winter with geothermal heat and cooled in summer (to prevent any algae growth). The innovative GRD technology was applied 2. Construction section in this case. A cylindric drill chamber was installed on a small In March of 2007 the construction work for the second section island in the centre of the pond, from there 10 bores each 50 m began. In this phase the four pyramids for the Galileo Park were were bored radially (diameter 114 mm). Potable water was used European Heat Pump NEWS Issue 3 | September 2013 | 13

Large picture: The pyramids at nighttime. Below from left to right: The GRD function principle. Building the first pyramid. The Pyramids in the Sauerland winter time.

as a heat transfer medium. This is a direct heating or cooling applied for the lake. Last but not least the air/water heating process without application of a heating pump within the pump inside the coati compound has to be mentioned. circuit. The geothermal heating and cooling capacity is 15 kW. The table below gives an overview of the annual costs for the A further object next to the pyramids, which requires heating various heating fields in direct comparison to oil and gas. is the “coati compound”. The coatis were once known as the guards of the pyramids and therefore a vital addition to the The heat pump is driven by hydroelectric power which enables area. In order to guarantee the coatis a compound free of snow carbon neutral operation. and ice all year round, a 8 KW air/water heating pump was connected to the ground heater. Oil Gas Electricity (Heating and cooling)

Thus the special characteristic of the Sauerland Pyramids is the Equivalent CO2 fact that four different heating tube fields with various sources emmission 62,2 49,8 0 per year [t] of renewable energy are used on the terrain. On the one hand geothermal heat is extracted via flat inclined horizontal bores into the mountain. Furthermore the buildings are heated via Information on the Sauerland Pyramids can be found at vertical bores. Moreover the GRD radial drilling technology is www.sauerland-pyramiden.de

Heating tube field Heated area Heating Costs or cooling Oil Gas Electricity capapcity (only heating) (only heating) (heating and cooling) 1 Horizontal bores RAYONEX Pyramids 1,300 m² 32.6 Kw. 7500 € 8670 € 3100 € 2 Vertical bores Pyramids Galileo Park 1,400 m² 63 Kw. 6900 € 7950 € 4290 € 3 GRD raidial drilling technique Lake 200 m² 15 Kw. 3500 € 3950 € 450 € 4 Air/Water heat pump Coati compund 130 m² 8 Kw. 2250 € 2600 € 850 €

The additional consumption of heating field 2 in comparison to heating field 1 (with similar square metres) can be explained by the busy visitor traffic and the restaurant in the Galileo Park. Therefore the heating capacity was upsized. 14 | Issue 3 | September 2013 European Heat Pump NEWS

Luigi Tischer Heating systems fired by natural gas Strategic Business Director Robur Spa [email protected] and renewable energy from Robur www.robur.com Gas Absorption Heat Pumps contribute to the European Education sector’s carbon reduction strategy

The education sector is championing the uptake of Gas Absorption technology in Europe, providing an important showcase for the fast growth of Gas Absorption Heat Pump market.

Providing high efficiency heating, Gas Absorption technology is particularly ideal for school sector. Indeed, GAHPs are*:

ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY. With up to 40% utilisation of renewable energy (air/ground/water source), a GAHP save every year 4.2 Tons of CO2 emissions, which are equivalent to those absorbed by 599 trees or those produced by 2 green cars; every year 1.6 TOE are saved.

SAVE COST AND ENERGY. GAHP technology can provide Open University in Milton Keynes significant savings, up to 40%, on heating costs every year, in The Open University in Milton Keynes is a 2000 sq. metre comparison to the best condensing boilers, making GAHP a sustainable new-build development that forms part of the smart and beneficial investment, with a payback time of 2 to Walton Hall campus. Sustainability and carbon reduction were 4 years. the core requirements of the customer.

INCREASE IN PROPERTY VALUE – GAHP is the most beneficial The new building, which opened in early 2011, is targeting a heating system to enhance the energy qualification of BREEAM Outstanding rating. buildings, because it permits a considerable promotion of the building‘s energy classification with the consequent increase Thirteen boreholes have been drilled to a depth of 100+ metres in the value of the building. to install a ground loop system feeding 4 Robur gas absorption heat pumps + ground source renewable energy GAHP GS The ideal integration into existing or with a capacity of 140 kW heat output, providing heating and new installations domestic hot water as well. The operation of Robur ground source gas absorption heat pumps is very simple and reliable: Ensuring energy and cost savings while respecting the the thermal energy absorbed by the earth is enhanced by the environment, GAHPs are the best choice for integration into refrigeration cycle. existing buildings, either with boilers or solar systems, ensuring remarkable savings on overall heating operational costs. The 4 Robur ground source gas absorption heat pumps GAHP GS provide up to 40.9% utilisation of ground source This is the successful case of a German primary school and renewable energy, exceeding peak efficiencies of 169% and of the Open University in Milton Keynes – UK, and a primary 40.9% reductions in annual heating costs and in CO2 emissions School in Norway, well North the Arctic Circle, proving that compared to condensing boilers. Robur GAHP is highly efficient in especially cold climates. Legislative benefits include cost savings relating to the The outcomes confirm the possibility of creating innovative and Carbon Reduction Commitment Energy Efficiency Scheme and sustainable systems in school building, with initial investment improved Building Energy Certificate ratings. Additionally, gas costs consistent with the budget of Public Administrations and absorption heat pump enables points for BREEAM assessment reduced running costs. as a result of low emissions. European Heat Pump NEWS Issue 3 | September 2013 | 15

Primary school in Plaidt Primary school in Sortland The school building in Plaidt (Germany, near Koblenz) was built Located in Sortland, Norway, the town is well North of the in the very beginning of the 20th century in full compliance Arctic Circle. The school building now hosts about 90 students. with the standards of that time: very high ceilings, large The existing heating system, consisting of an oil boiler for back windows and poorly insulated walls, windows and doors. The up and peak load, has been retrofitted in 2012. In order to use heating system consisted of two electric heat pumps and cast- renewable energy sources, two Robur air source Absorption iron radiators with manual control valves. The existing heating Heat Pumps have been installed. The system is integrated with system has been retrofitted in 2010 when the entire building an oil boiler for peak load only. The two Robur absorption heat was renovated. pumps ensure efficiency levels in excess of 145% even at -7 °C, so it is used in especially cold climates. In order to use renewable energy sources, Robur ground source Gas Absorption Heat Pumps have been installed. The Those are few examples of how Robur GAHPs work very total heating load of the building is approximately 90 kW. effectively to deliver reliable and affordable low carbon heat, The required outlet water temperature for heating has been contributing to the European Education sector’s carbon reduced down to 40°C even if it has not been necessary to reduction strategy. replace the existing radiators.

E-ON Ruhrgas AG has installed a measuring system for the evaluation of the energy consumption (performance) of the system. As the temperature of the ground source is almost constant and warm year round as well as the outlet water temperature is low, a seasonal efficiency of 138% has been reported. This number confirms the calculated energy saving. Get your best ideas funded This real reduction in terms of primary energy leads to an The next deadline for project submission is operating cost savings of 39% if compared with the previous November 15, 2013. solution using 2 electric heat pumps. Another important difference between the two heat pump technologies (GAHP EUROGIA2020, the EUREKA Cluster for low carbon and EHP) is the amount of the capital investment for the energy technologies, is a bottom-up, industry driven, geothermal system: as a matter of fact, GAHP can reduce this market oriented programme which addresses all areas investment by 50% in comparison with the EHP which means, of the energy mix, from renewable energy to efficiency, in this specific case, a reduction of the total borehole length of and reduction of carbon footprint of fossil fuels. All approximately 300 m. innovative project ideas that will reduce the carbon footprint of energy production and use potentially qualify Gas Absorption Heat Pump can recover up to 40.9% of for EUROGIA2020 label. Between the years 2008–2013, renewable energy (from the ground) and reach a heating 29 transnational projects were labeled representing efficiency up to 169%. This leads to a reduction of CO2 emissions close to 200 M€ of project costs. up to 44% in comparison with the previous EHP system. Public authorities from EUREKA countries liaise closely with EUROGIA2020 throughout the project evaluation process for successful national funding. The process is The Robur ground source Gas Absorption Heat Pumps are listed inside the German BAFA incentive program. one of continuous submission with 4 cut-off dates per year. The next cut-off date isNovember 15, 2013 COB. For more info access www.eurogia.com or contact: [email protected] / + 32 2 502 18 14. 16 | Issue 3 | September 2013 European Heat Pump NEWS

EHPA Events EHPA TWG/QLC Meeting European Heat Pump Summit 2013: 30.09 – 01.10.2013 | Stockholm, SE National Associations Meeting The future of heat pumps 07.10.2013 | Paris, FR

International heat pump experts meet for the third edition of the European Heat WG Thermally Driven HP meeting next meetings Pump Summit in the Exhibition Centre Nuremberg on 15–16 October. Together 19.11.2013 | ODE; Brussels, BE they look beyond national boundaries to the future of the multi-talented energy- Board and Steering Committee meeting efficient heat pump. 37 presentations by top speakers promise interesting insights. 20.11.2013 | VDI; Düsseldorf, DE Overview of international heat pump market ADCO Meeting The special role assigned to heat pumps in the individual European countries 03.12.2013 | Brussels, BE is described by Thomas Nowak, Secretary General of the European Heat Pump Association (EHPA). Other presentations examine issues such as the heat pump Project Meetings market in Russia and the contribution of heat pumps to more energy efficiency in the Indian building sector. Groundmed Conference 26 .09.2013 | Coimbra, PT Top themes: F-Gas Regulation and Ecodesign Directive st The pending decision on the universal ban of F-gases at European level is eagerly 1 GreenHP Manufacturer Workshop awaited in the heat pump sector. Andrea Voigt, Director General of EPEE, deals 14.10.2013 | Nuremberg, DE with the possible impacts of the planned F-Gas Regulation and the importance of Repowermap Meeting the Ecodesign Directive for heat pump manufacturers in her presentation on the 06 – 07.11.2013 | Frankfurt, DE second day of the summit, 16 October 2013. GreenHP Consortium Meeting IEA Heat Pump Programme 10.12.2013 | Emerson; Welkenraedt, BE The highlights of the European Heat Pump Summit also include the presentations NxtHPG Coordination Meeting on several IEA HPP annexes in progress. Here international specialists discuss 27 – 28.02.2014 | Roma, IT topics such as the role of heat pumps in smart grids, present the latest research findings on low-temperature heat pumps and report on possible combinations of solar thermal systems and heat pumps. Heat pump concepts for near zero energy Other Events houses are also on the agenda. Validation Workshop (RHC Platform) 14.10.2013 | Nuremberg, DE More information about the summit programme is available at: www.hp-summit.de/en/symposium Heat Pump Summit 2013 / EHPA Stand 15 – 16.10.2013 | Nuremberg, DE Register now: www.hp-summit.de/registration ATMOsphere Europe 2013 15 – 16.10.2013 | Brussels, BE Geopower Turkey GEO-T Expo 22 – 23 .10.2013 | Istanbul, TR The first international geothermal energy trade fair International DHC+ Research Conference GEO-T Expo will be held in Essen, between November 05 – 06.11.2013 | Brussels, BE 12 and 14, 2013. More than 60 exhibitors are expected, especially manufacturers of industry-specific drilling UK Renewable Conference 2013 equipment, pumps and compressors; as well as producers 05 – 07.11.2013 | Birmingham, UK of plant and power station technology, their respective EREC 2013 supply firms and service providers. Companies invited to 28.11.2013 | Brussels, BE attend include plant engineers, energy supply and public th utility companies, and financiers. One highlight of GEO-T 11 BWP Heat Pump Forum Expo will be DGK 2013, the renowned congress of the 28 – 29 .11.2013 | Berlin, DE GtV-Bundesverband Geothermie (German Geothermal GEO-T Expo Energy Association). 12 – 14.11.2013 | Essen, DE For more info contact [email protected] GeoPower Global Congress Tel. +49 (0) 201 7244-742 03 – 04.12.2013 | Amsterdam, NL

This newsletter is published as part of the project “Next generation heat pumps IMPRINT for retrofit buildings” – GreenHP. While the project is supported by the European European Heat Pump Association (EHPA) | Editor: Filipe Firpo Commission under the Seventh Framework Programme (GA No. 308816) the Renewable Energy House | Rue d‘Arlon 63-67 | B-1040 Brussels responsibility for the newsletters content lies with the authors. It neither represent phone +32 24 00 1017 | fax +32 24 00 1018. the opinion of the European Commission nor can the Commission be made responsible The opinions expressed in the articles are those of the authors for any consequences that result from using the information presented therein. and not necessarily those of the EHPA.