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Xvii Three Baskets (Tipitaka) I Buddhism
261 XVII THREE BASKETS ( TIPITAKA ) I BUDDHISM COTETS 1. What is the Tipitaka ? 2. Language of Buddha’s words (Buddhavacana ) 3. What is Pali? 4. The First Council 5. The Second Council 6. The Great Schism 7. Origin of the Eighteen ikayas (Schools of Buddhism) 8. The Third Council 9. Committing the Tipitaka to Memory 10. Fourth Council: Committing the Tipitaka to Writing 11. Fifth and Sixth Councils in Myanmar 12. Conclusion 13. Appendix: Contents of the Tipitaka or Three Baskets 14. Explanatory Notes 15. References 262 • Buddhism Course 1. What is the Tipitaka ? The word of the Buddha, which is originally called the Dhamma , consists of three aspects, namely: Doctrine ( Pariyatti ), Practice (Patipatti ) and Realization ( Pativedha ). The Doctrine is preserved in the Scriptures called the Tipitaka . English translators of the Tipitaka have estimated it to be eleven times the size of the Christian Bible. It contains the Teachings of the Buddha expounded from the time of His Enlightenment to Parinibbana over forty-five years. Tipitaka in Pali means Three Baskets (Ti = Three, Pitaka = Basket), not in the sense of function of storing but of handing down , just like workers carry earth with the aid of baskets handed on from worker to worker, posted in a long line from point of removal to point of deposit, so the Baskets of Teachings are handed down over the centuries from teacher to pupil. The Three Baskets are: Basket of Discipline ( Vinaya Pitaka ), which deals mainly with the rules and regulations of the Order of monks and nuns; Basket of Discourses ( Sutta Pitaka ) which contains the discourses delivered by the Buddha to individuals or assemblies of different ranks in the course of his ministry; Basket of Ultimate Things ( Abhidhamma Pitaka ) which consists of the four ultimate things: Mind ( Citta ), Mental-factors ( Cetasikas ), Matter ( Rupa ) and ibbana . -
And Dasa-Silas in Sinhala
3 Pañipatti 4 5 Arhant Mahinda as Redactor of the Buddhapåjàva and the Pa¤ca-, Aññhangika- and Dasa-sãlas in Sinhala Buddhism Trinity College, Suwanda H J Sugunasiri University of Toronto; Nalanda College Abstract of Buddhist Studies (Canada) Buddha Påjà ‘Homage to the Buddha’ is a religious practice found in every Buddhist temple and many a Buddhist household around the world. Over the last two millennia or more, it has taken many a shape and turn. This treatment, however, relates to the Buddha Påjà in the particular cultural context of Sinhala Buddhism, writing it as a single word, Buddhapåjàva (with a -va Canadian Journal of denoting the Sinhalizing suffix) to distinguish it from the ritual in Buddhist Studies, Number Eight, 2012 other cultural contexts. It is as practiced in Sri Lanka, ironically, not in Sinhala but in Pali, Buddhism being introduced in the 3rd c. BCE by Arhant Mahinda during the reign of Devanampiya Tissa in the Anuradhapura period. It is not the Buddhapåjàva itself, however, that is the topic of this paper, but its authorship. Finding no evidence of its authorship, or origin, in India, it comes to be located in Sri Lanka. Seeking evidence for its Redactor from within the ritual itself, we are led to none other than Arhant Mahinda who introduces the Buddhadhamma to the island. It is also established how, in the very process of creating the Buddhapåjàva, the pa¤ca-, aññhangika- and dasa-sãlas also come to be systematized into a coherent pattern. Two alternative dates for the possible launch of the ceremony © 2012 are suggested, making it the oldest living Buddhapåjà ritual in the by Nalanda College world. -
The Four Assemblies in Pāli Buddhism Bhikkhu Anālayo
The Four Assemblies in Pāli Buddhism Bhikkhu Anālayo The expression “four assemblies” refers to a basic division of the members of a Buddhist society, which could be monastic or lay, male or female. Hence the full set of four comprises monks, nuns, male lay followers, and female lay followers. The importance of these four emerges in a passage in the Mahāparinibbāna-sutta, according to which the Buddha declared that he would not pass away until he had achieved his mission of having competent disciples from each of these four assemblies (DN 16 at DN II 104). The im- portance this statement carries in the Theravāda tradition is reflected in the fact that it recurs again in other discourse collections in the Pāli canon, namely in the Saṃyutta-nikāya, the Aṅguttara-nikāya, and the Udāna.1 The rationale underlying this need concerns both the lay/monastic and the male/female divide. The teachings given by the Buddha, in the way these have come down in the Pāli discourses, were not limited to only privileged members of society. Caste, for example, was considered to be of no direct 1 SN 51.10 at SN V 261, AN 8.70 at AN IV 310, and Ud 6.1 at Ud 63. In the printed version of this article the bibliography was lost and changes to the text were made without consultation. For this reason, the present file is based on the original manuscript, formatted in such a way that it corresponds closely to the pagination of the printed version. 9 relevance for the ability to realize awakening, and so was gender. -
The Interface Between Buddhism and International Humanitarian Law (Ihl)
REDUCING SUFFERING DURING CONFLICT: THE INTERFACE BETWEEN BUDDHISM AND INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW (IHL) Exploratory position paper as background for 4th to 6th September 2019 conference in Dambulla, Sri Lanka Peter Harvey (University of Sunderland, Emeritus), with: Kate Crosby (King’s College, London), Mahinda Deegalle (Bath Spa University), Elizabeth Harris (University of Birmingham), Sunil Kariyakarawana (Buddhist Chaplain to Her Majesty’s Armed Forces), Pyi Kyaw (King’s College, London), P.D. Premasiri (University of Peradeniya, Emeritus), Asanga Tilakaratne (University of Colombo, Emeritus), Stefania Travagnin (University of Groningen). Andrew Bartles-Smith (International Committee of the Red Cross). Though he should conquer a thousand men in the battlefield, yet he, indeed, is the nobler victor who should conquer himself. Dhammapada v.103 AIMS AND RATIONALE OF THE CONFERENCE This conference, organized by the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in collaboration with a number of universities and organizations, will explore correspondences between Buddhism and IHL and encourage a constructive dialogue and exchange between the two domains. The conference will act as a springboard to understanding how Buddhism can contribute to regulating armed conflict, and what it offers in terms of guidance on the conduct of, and behavior during, war for Buddhist monks and lay persons – the latter including government and military personnel, non-State armed groups and civilians. The conference is concerned with the conduct of armed conflict, and not with the reasons and justifications for it, which fall outside the remit of IHL. In addition to exploring correspondences between IHL and Buddhist ethics, the conference will also explore how Buddhist combatants and communities understand IHL, and where it might align with Buddhist doctrines and practices: similarly, how their experience of armed conflict might be drawn upon to better promote IHL and Buddhist principles, thereby improving conduct of hostilities on the ground. -
Provincial Councils Do Not Need Police Powers
Vol. 30 No. 25 Tuesday 14th December, 2010, 44 pages Rs. 20 Registered in Sri Lanka as a Newspaper - Late City Edition ‘WAR CRIMES: ONLY 55% OF THE ACCUSATIONS DOGS ARE SANTA’S THE GLOBAL PSYWAR DEVELOPMENT AGAINST ASSANGE FAVORITES AGAINST SRI LANKA PROJECTS ON SCHEDULE 11 12 Financial review Leisure land Inside: Grade 5 Scholarship Norwegian funds used for LTTE arms Exam Cut-off Marks Provincial Councils do not need police powers – Karuna Elizabeth Hurley admits marriage is over after LTTE cannot be revived and former Tigers will never kiss with Shane Warne want to join a terrorist outfilt of that nature and undergo suffering; they have suffered enough, Deputy Minister Muralitharan says BY HARISCHANDRA GUNARATNA Resettlement Deputy Minister through the provincial councils to the Vinayagamoorty Muralitharan, better North and the East,” he said. A group of the UNP MPs led by Sajith Premadasa, yesterday, briefed the press at Hotel Sapphire, known as Karuna, giving evidence “The UNP never made a sincere Wellawatte. After the event, Premadasa, Rosy Senanayake, Thalatha Athukorala, Sujeewa before the Lessons Learnt and effort to end the war and successive Senasinghe and Ranjith Maddumabandara were seen in a jubilant mood in the lobby of the Reconciliation governments made no Commission yesterday attempt to nip the The model and actress wed Hotel. (Photo-Kamal Bogoda) said that the type of LTTE in the bud; nor Arun Nayar, an Indian business- political solution that did the international man, in a lavish celebration only he would advocated was Karuna community” he said. three years ago. one which was accept- Although some UNP to stage mammoth protest able to the majority before countries had banned WORLD VIEW community and guaran- the LTTE, they teed the security of LLRC allowed its leaders to against govt on Jan. -
Association of Buddhist Studies
JIABS Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies Volume 36 / 37 2013 / 2014 (2015) The Journal of the International EDITORIAL BOARD Association of Buddhist Studies (ISSN 0193-600XX) is the organ of the International Association of KELLNER Birgit Buddhist Studies, Inc. As a peer- STRAUCH Ingo reviewed journal, it welcomes scholarly Joint Editors contributions pertaining to all facets of Buddhist Studies. JIABS is published yearly. BUSWELL Robert CHEN Jinhua The JIABS is now available online in open access at http://journals.ub.uni- COLLINS Steven heidelberg.de/index.php/jiabs. Articles COX Collett become available online for free 24 months after their appearance in print. GÓMEZ Luis O. Current articles are not accessible on- HARRISON Paul line. Subscribers can choose between VON HINÜBER Oskar receiving new issues in print or as PDF. JACKSON Roger Manuscripts should preferably be JAINI Padmanabh S. submitted as e-mail attachments to: KATSURA Shōryū [email protected] as one single file, complete with footnotes and references, KUO Li-ying in two different formats: in PDF-format, LOPEZ, Jr. Donald S. and in Rich-Text-Format (RTF) or MACDONALD Alexander Open-Document-Format (created e.g. by Open Office). SCHERRER-SCHAUB Cristina SEYFORT RUEGG David Address subscription orders and dues, SHARF Robert changes of address, and business correspondence (including advertising STEINKELLNER Ernst orders) to: TILLEMANS Tom Dr. Danielle Feller, IABS Assistant-Treasurer, IABS Department of Slavic and South Asian Studies (SLAS) Cover: Cristina Scherrer-Schaub Anthropole University of Lausanne Font: “Gandhari Unicode” CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland designed by Andrew Glass E-mail: [email protected] (http://andrewglass.org/fonts.php) Web: http://www.iabsinfo.net © Copyright 2015 by the Subscriptions to JIABS are USD 65 per International Association of year for individuals and USD 105 per Buddhist Studies, Inc. -
Sinhalese Buddhist Nationalist Ideology: Implications for Politics and Conflict Resolution in Sri Lanka
Policy Studies 40 Sinhalese Buddhist Nationalist Ideology: Implications for Politics and Conflict Resolution in Sri Lanka Neil DeVotta East-West Center Washington East-West Center The East-West Center is an internationally recognized education and research organization established by the U.S. Congress in 1960 to strengthen understanding and relations between the United States and the countries of the Asia Pacific. Through its programs of cooperative study, training, seminars, and research, the Center works to promote a stable, peaceful, and prosperous Asia Pacific community in which the United States is a leading and valued partner. Funding for the Center comes from the U.S. government, private foundations, individuals, cor- porations, and a number of Asia Pacific governments. East-West Center Washington Established on September 1, 2001, the primary function of the East- West Center Washington is to further the East-West Center mission and the institutional objective of building a peaceful and prosperous Asia Pacific community through substantive programming activities focused on the themes of conflict reduction, political change in the direction of open, accountable, and participatory politics, and American under- standing of and engagement in Asia Pacific affairs. Sinhalese Buddhist Nationalist Ideology: Implications for Politics and Conflict Resolution in Sri Lanka Policy Studies 40 ___________ Sinhalese Buddhist Nationalist Ideology: Implications for Politics and Conflict Resolution in Sri Lanka ___________________________ Neil DeVotta Copyright © 2007 by the East-West Center Washington Sinhalese Buddhist Nationalist Ideology: Implications for Politics and Conflict Resolution in Sri Lanka By Neil DeVotta ISBN: 978-1-932728-65-1 (online version) ISSN: 1547-1330 (online version) Online at: www.eastwestcenterwashington.org/publications East-West Center Washington 1819 L Street, NW, Suite 200 Washington, D.C. -
Buddhism and Politics the Politics of Buddhist Relic Diplomacy Between Bangladesh and Sri Lanka
Special Issue: Buddhism and Politics Journal of Buddhist Ethics ISSN 1076-9005 http://blogs.dickinson.edu/buddhistethics/ Volume 25, 2018 The Politics of Buddhist Relic Diplomacy Between Bangladesh and Sri Lanka D. Mitra Barua Cornell University Copyright Notice: Digital copies of this work may be made and distributed provided no change is made and no alteration is made to the content. Reproduction in any other format, with the exception of a single copy for private study, requires the written permission of the author. All en- quiries to: [email protected]. The Politics of Buddhist Relic Diplomacy Between Bangladesh and Sri Lanka D. Mitra Barua 1 Abstract Buddhists in Chittagong, Bangladesh claim to preserve a lock of hair believed to be of Sakyamuni Buddha himself. This hair relic has become a magnet for domestic and transnational politics; as such, it made journeys to Colom- bo in 1960, 2007, and 2011. The states of independent Cey- lon/Sri Lanka and East Pakistan/Bangladesh facilitated all three international journeys of the relic. Diplomats from both countries were involved in extending state invita- 1 The Robert H. N. Ho Family Foundation Postdoctoral Fellow, Cornell University. Email: [email protected]. The initial version of this article was presented at the confer- ence on “Buddhism and Politics” at the University of British Columbia in June 2014. It derives from the section of Buddhist transnational networks in my ongoing research project on Buddhism in Bengal. I am grateful to the Robert H. N. Ho Family Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowship in Buddhist Studies (administered by the American Council of Learned Societies) for its generous funding that has enabled me to conduct the re- search. -
Asoka and Buddhism – a Reexamination
THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BUDDHIST STUDIES EDITOR-IN-CHIEF A. K. Narain University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA EDITORS L. M. Joshi Ernst Steinkellner Punjabi University University of Vienna Patiala, India Wien, Austria Alexander W. Macdonald fikido Takasaki Universite de Paris X University of Tokyo Nanterre, France Tokyo, Japan Bardwell Smith Robert Thurman Carleton College Amherst College Northjield, Minnesota, USA Amherst, Massachusetts, USA *»g ****$£ Volume 5 1982 Number 1 CONTENTS I. ARTICLES Original Purity and the Focus of Early Yogacara by John P. Keenan 7 The Dragon Girl and the Abbess of Mo-Shan: Gender and Status in the Chan Buddhist Tradition by Mir iam L. Levering 19 The Life and Times of Paramartha (499—569) try Diana Y. Paul 37 Studies in Traditional Indian Medicine in the Pali Can on: Jlvaka and Ayurveda by Kenneth G. Zy.sk 70 II. SHORT PAPERS Sa skya panchta's Account of the bSam yas Debate: Histo ry as Polemic by Roger Jackson 89 The Text on the "DharanI Stones from Abhayagiriya": A Minor Contribution to the Study of Mahayana Lit erature in Ceylon by Gregory Schopen ioo A Report on Buddhism in the People's Republic of China by Alan Sponberg 109 III. BOOK REVIEWS AND NOTICES Histoire du Cycle de la Naissance et de la Mort by Yoshiro Irnaeda 118 2. Theravada Meditation: The Buddhist Transformation by Winston King 121 3. Chinese Buddhism: Aspects of Interaction and Reinter- pretation by W. Pachow 124 4. Buddhism and Society in Southeast Asia by Donald K. Swearer 126 5. Tantra in Tibet and The Yoga of Tibet by Tsong kha pa 127 IV. -
Bodh Gayā in the Cultural Memory of Thailand
Eszter Jakab REMEMBERING ENLIGHTENMENT: BODH GAYĀ IN THE CULTURAL MEMORY OF THAILAND MA Thesis in Cultural Heritage Studies: Academic Research, Policy, Management. Central European University CEU eTD Collection Budapest June 2020 REMEMBERING ENLIGHTENMENT: BODH GAYĀ IN THE CULTURAL MEMORY OF THAILAND by Eszter Jakab (Hungary) Thesis submitted to the Department of Medieval Studies, Central European University, Budapest, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Arts degree in Cultural Heritage Studies: Academic Research, Policy, Management. Accepted in conformance with the standards of the CEU. ____________________________________________ Chair, Examination Committee ____________________________________________ Thesis Supervisor ____________________________________________ Examiner ____________________________________________ Examiner CEU eTD Collection Budapest Month YYYY REMEMBERING ENLIGHTENMENT: BODH GAYĀ IN THE CULTURAL MEMORY OF THAILAND by Eszter Jakab (Hungary) Thesis submitted to the Department of Medieval Studies, Central European University, Budapest, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Arts degree in Cultural Heritage Studies: Academic Research, Policy, Management. Accepted in conformance with the standards of the CEU. ____________________________________________ External Reader CEU eTD Collection Budapest June 2020 REMEMBERING ENLIGHTENMENT: BODH GAYĀ IN THE CULTURAL MEMORY OF THAILAND by Eszter Jakab (Hungary) Thesis submitted to the Department of Medieval Studies, Central European -
BIMSTEC Newsletters Feb 2013
Page 1 BIMSTEC Newsletter Volume 63 February 2013 KING AND QUEEN OF BHUTAN PAID A GOODWILL VISIT TO BANGLADESH His Majesty the King of Bhutan Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck and the Queen Gyaltsuen Jetsun Pema Wangchuck paid a goodwill visit to Bangladesh on 14-19 February 2013. His Majesty the King and the Queen were accorded a warm and hearty welcome by the people of Bangladesh. The King of Bhutan met the Hon’ble President Md. Zillur Rahman at Bangabhaban on 18 February 2013. Welcoming the King and Queen at Bangabhaban, the Hon’ble President said that an excellent bilateral relation was prevailing between the two countries. The President also said that the visit would further strengthen the existing relations between the two countries. The President expressed his gratitude to Bhutanese people recalling that Bhutan was the first country to recognize Bangladesh as an independent nation. The Bhutanese King invited the Bangladesh President to visit Bhutan in his convenient time. After the meeting, His Majesty the King and Queen joined a dinner at the Bangabhaban hosted by Hon’ble President Md. Zillur Rahman, which was attended by, among others, Hon’ble Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina. Hon’ble Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina on 15 February 2013 hosted a dinner in honour of the Bhutanese King and Queen at her official residence Ganobhaban. Welcoming the Bhutanese Royal guests to Bangladesh, Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina said the visit would further strengthen the existing relations between the two countries. Terming the Bangladesh-Bhutan relation as historical, the Hon’ble Prime Minister recalled Bhutan’s support to our war of independence and being the first country to accord diplomatic recognition to the independent state of Bangladesh, Bangladesh with Bhutan historical. -
Abstract SHIFTING the SEAT of AWAKENING by David Walker
Abstract SHIFTING THE SEAT OF AWAKENING by David Walker McConeghy This thesis explores the relationship between non-Indian Buddhists and the Indian Buddhist site Bodhgaya. Chapter one examines the account of the 7th century Chinese pilgrim Xuanzang, and argues that Bodhgaya functioned as a living relic, providing direct access to the Buddha’s presence. In the second chapter, the effects of the decline of Buddhism in India are examined, leading to the conclusion that even before the fall of the Pala Dynasty, Bodhgaya had become a prominent element in the imagination of Buddhists who now relied more often on images and souvenir models of the site’s temple rather than making pilgrimages to it. In the final chapter, the phenomenon of the construction of replicas of Bodhgaya’s temple outside of India is offered as evidence that foreign Buddhists had both incorporated the presence of the Buddha into their history and inscribed the Indian sacred landscape onto their native lands. Shifting the Seat of Awakening A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Miami University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of Comparative Religion by David Walker McConeghy Miami University Oxford, Ohio 2006 Advisor ______________________________ (Peter Williams) Reader _______________________________ (Elizabeth Wilson) Reader _______________________________ (Julie Gifford) Table of Contents Introduction . 1 Chapter One . 4 Chapter Two . 26 Chapter Three . 48 Conclusion . 65 Bibliography . 68 Introduction The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the ways in which the Buddhist holy place Bodhgaya has played a role in the religious life of Buddhists and Buddhist communities outside of India.