Vii Five Desti Atio S (Pa Cagati)
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And Daemonic Buddhism in India and Tibet
Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2012 The Raven and the Serpent: "The Great All- Pervading R#hula" Daemonic Buddhism in India and Tibet Cameron Bailey Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES THE RAVEN AND THE SERPENT: “THE GREAT ALL-PERVADING RHULA” AND DMONIC BUDDHISM IN INDIA AND TIBET By CAMERON BAILEY A Thesis submitted to the Department of Religion in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Religion Degree Awarded: Spring Semester, 2012 Cameron Bailey defended this thesis on April 2, 2012. The members of the supervisory committee were: Bryan Cuevas Professor Directing Thesis Jimmy Yu Committee Member Kathleen Erndl Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members, and certifies that the thesis has been approved in accordance with university requirements. ii For my parents iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank, first and foremost, my adviser Dr. Bryan Cuevas who has guided me through the process of writing this thesis, and introduced me to most of the sources used in it. My growth as a scholar is almost entirely due to his influence. I would also like to thank Dr. Jimmy Yu, Dr. Kathleen Erndl, and Dr. Joseph Hellweg. If there is anything worthwhile in this work, it is undoubtedly due to their instruction. I also wish to thank my former undergraduate advisor at Indiana University, Dr. Richard Nance, who inspired me to become a scholar of Buddhism. -
Imagining Ritual and Cultic Practice in Koguryŏ Buddhism
International Journal of Korean History (Vol.19 No.2, Aug. 2014) 169 Imagining Ritual and Cultic Practice in Koguryŏ Buddhism Richard D. McBride II* Introduction The Koguryŏ émigré and Buddhist monk Hyeryang was named Bud- dhist overseer by Silla king Chinhŭng (r. 540–576). Hyeryang instituted Buddhist ritual observances at the Silla court that would be, in continually evolving forms, performed at court in Silla and Koryŏ for eight hundred years. Sparse but tantalizing evidence remains of Koguryŏ’s Buddhist culture: tomb murals with Buddhist themes, brief notices recorded in the History of the Three Kingdoms (Samguk sagi 三國史記), a few inscrip- tions on Buddhist images believed by scholars to be of Koguryŏ prove- nance, and anecdotes in Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms (Samguk yusa 三國遺事) and other early Chinese and Japanese literary sources.1 Based on these limited proofs, some Korean scholars have imagined an advanced philosophical tradition that must have profoundly influenced * Associate Professor, Department of History, Brigham Young University-Hawai‘i 1 For a recent analysis of the sparse material in the Samguk sagi, see Kim Poksun 金福順, “4–5 segi Samguk sagi ŭi sŭngnyŏ mit sach’al” (Monks and monasteries of the fourth and fifth centuries in the Samguk sagi). Silla munhwa 新羅文化 38 (2011): 85–113; and Kim Poksun, “6 segi Samguk sagi Pulgyo kwallyŏn kisa chonŭi” 存疑 (Doubts on accounts related to Buddhism in the sixth century in the Samguk sagi), Silla munhwa 新羅文化 39 (2012): 63–87. 170 Imagining Ritual and Cultic Practice in Koguryŏ Buddhism the Sinitic Buddhist tradition as well as the emerging Buddhist culture of Silla.2 Western scholars, on the other hand, have lamented the dearth of literary, epigraphical, and archeological evidence of Buddhism in Kogu- ryŏ.3 Is it possible to reconstruct illustrations of the nature and characteris- tics of Buddhist ritual and devotional practice in the late Koguryŏ period? In this paper I will flesh out the characteristics of Buddhist ritual and devotional practice in Koguryŏ by reconstructing its Northeast Asian con- text. -
Karma and the Animal Realm Envisioned Through an Early Yogācāra Lens
Article Becoming Animal: Karma and the Animal Realm Envisioned through an Early Yogācāra Lens Daniel M. Stuart Department of Religious Studies, University of South Carolina, Rutledge College, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; [email protected] Received: 24 April 2019; Accepted: 28 May 2019; Published: 1 June 2019 Abstract: In an early discourse from the Saṃyuttanikāya, the Buddha states: “I do not see any other order of living beings so diversified as those in the animal realm. Even those beings in the animal realm have been diversified by the mind, yet the mind is even more diverse than those beings in the animal realm.” This paper explores how this key early Buddhist idea gets elaborated in various layers of Buddhist discourse during a millennium of historical development. I focus in particular on a middle period Buddhist sūtra, the Saddharmasmṛtyupasthānasūtra, which serves as a bridge between early Buddhist theories of mind and karma, and later more developed theories. This third- century South Asian Buddhist Sanskrit text on meditation practice, karma theory, and cosmology psychologizes animal behavior and places it on a spectrum with the behavior of humans and divine beings. It allows for an exploration of the conceptual interstices of Buddhist philosophy of mind and contemporary theories of embodied cognition. Exploring animal embodiments—and their karmic limitations—becomes a means to exploring all beings, an exploration that can’t be separated from the human mind among beings. Keywords: Buddhism; contemplative practice; mind; cognition; embodiment; the animal realm (tiryaggati); karma; yogācāra; Saddharmasmṛtyupasthānasūtra 1. Introduction In his 2011 book Becoming Animal, David Abram notes a key issue in the field of philosophy of mind, an implication of the emergent full-blown physicalism of the modern scientific materialist episteme. -
The Teaching of Buddha”
THE TEACHING OF BUDDHA WHEEL OF DHARMA The Wheel of Dharma is the translation of the Sanskrit word, “Dharmacakra.” Similar to the wheel of a cart that keeps revolving, it symbolizes the Buddha’s teaching as it continues to be spread widely and endlessly. The eight spokes of the wheel represent the Noble Eightfold Path of Buddhism, the most important Way of Practice. The Noble Eightfold Path refers to right view, right thought, right speech, right behavior, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right meditation. In the olden days before statues and other images of the Buddha were made, this Wheel of Dharma served as the object of worship. At the present time, the Wheel is used internationally as the common symbol of Buddhism. Copyright © 1962, 1972, 2005 by BUKKYO DENDO KYOKAI Any part of this book may be quoted without permission. We only ask that Bukkyo Dendo Kyokai, Tokyo, be credited and that a copy of the publication sent to us. Thank you. BUKKYO DENDO KYOKAI (Society for the Promotion of Buddhism) 3-14, Shiba 4-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 108-0014 Phone: (03) 3455-5851 Fax: (03) 3798-2758 E-mail: [email protected] http://www.bdk.or.jp Four hundred & seventy-second Printing, 2019 Free Distribution. NOT for sale Printed Only for India and Nepal. Printed by Kosaido Co., Ltd. Tokyo, Japan Buddha’s Wisdom is broad as the ocean and His Spirit is full of great Compassion. Buddha has no form but manifests Himself in Exquisiteness and leads us with His whole heart of Compassion. -
The Buddhist Six-Worlds Model of Consciousness and Reality
THE BUDDHIST SIX-WORLDS MODEL OF CONSCIOUSNESS AND REALITY Ralph Metzner Sonoma, California Historically there have been two main metaphors for consciousness, one spatial or topographical, the other temporal or biographical (Metzner, 1989). The spatial meta phor is expressed in conceptions of consciousness as like a territory, a terrain, or a field, a state one can enter into or leave, or like empty space, as in the Buddhist notion of sunyata.We could speculate that people who unconsciously adhere to a spatial conception of consciousness would tend to a certain kind of fixity of perception and worldview. The "static" aspects of experience might be in the foreground of aware ness, and there could be a craving for stability and persistence. From this point of view, ordinary waking consciousness is the preferred state, and "altered states" are viewed with some anxiety and suspicion-as if an "altered" state is automatically abnormal or pathological in some way. This is close to the attitude of mainstream Western thought toward alterations of consciousness: even the rich diversity of dreamlife and the changed awareness possible with introspection, psychotherapy, or meditation is regarded with suspicion by the dominant extraverted worldview. The temporal metaphor for consciousness on the other hand, is seen in conceptions such as William James' "stream of thought," or the stream of awareness, or the "flow experience"; as well as in developmental theories of consciousness going through various stages. Historically and cross-culturally, we see the temporal metaphor emphasized in the thought of the pre-Socratic philosophers Thales and Heraclitus, in the Buddhist teachings of impermanence (anicca), and in the Taoist emphasis on the flows and eddies of water as the basic underlying pattern of all being. -
Buddhist Wheel of Life Text
Buddhist Wheel of Life Text 1: The Wheel of Life: Samsara, Birth, Rebirth, Liberation The Wheel of Life is one of the most common subjects of Tibetan Buddhist art. The detailed symbolism of the Wheel can be interpreted on many levels. The Bhavachakra is a Tibetan Buddhist representation of the "wheel of life," or cycle of existence. The Wheel of Life (called the Bhavachakra in Sanskrit) represents the cycle of birth and rebirth and existence in samsara. This gallery looks at different parts of the Wheel and explains what they mean. The main sections are the hub and the six "pie wedges" depicting the Six Realms. The gallery also looks at the Buddha figures in the corners and at Yama, the fearsome creature holding the Wheel in his hooves. Many Buddhists understand the Wheel in an allegorical, not literal, way. As you examine the parts of the wheel you might find yourself relating to some of it personally or recognizing people you know as Jealous Gods or Hell Beings or Hungry Ghosts. The outer circle of the Wheel (not shown in detail in this gallery) is the Paticca Samuppada, the Links of Dependent Origination. Traditionally, the outer wheel depicts a blind man or woman (representing ignorance); potters (formation); a monkey (consciousness); two men in a boat (mind and body); a house with six windows (the senses); an embracing couple (contact); an eye pieced by an arrow (sensation); a person drinking (thirst); a man gathering fruit (grasping); a couple making love (becoming); a woman giving birth (birth); and a man carrying a corpse (death). -
Four NOBLE TRUTHS
THE FouR NOBLE TRUTHS THE FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS Fundamentals of the Buddhist Teachings His Holiness the XIV Dalai Lama translated by Geshe Th upten finpa edited by Dominique Side Thorsons An imprint of HarperCollinsPublishers 77-85 Fulham Palace Road, Hammersmith, London W6 8JB Published by Thorsons 1997 21 20 19 18 17 16 ©His Holiness the XIV Dalai Lama 1997 His Holiness the XIV Dalai Lama asserts the moral right to be identified as the author of this work A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0 7225 3550 3 Printed and bound in Great Britain by Martins the Printers Limited, Berwick upon Tweed All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any fonn or by any means. electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior pennission of the publishers. CONTENTS Preface by Kesang Y Takla vii In troduction I Introducing the Four Noble Truths 34 2 The Truth of Suffering 42 3 The Truth of the Origin of Suffering 72 4 The Truth of Cessation 95 5 The Truth of the Path 115 Appendix: Compassion, the Basis for Human Happiness 130 Glossary 15 1 Recommended Reading !58 Notes 160 PREFACE In July 1996, His Holiness the Dalai Lama gave a series of lectures on Buddhist thought and practice at the Barbican Centre in London. These talks were facilitated by the Network of Buddhist Organisations in U.K. - a national association of Buddhist Centres. The central theme of His Holiness the Dalai Lama's lectures at the Barbican Centre, which form the core of this book, is the Buddhist teaching on the principle of the Four Noble Truths, which is the foundation of all Buddha's teachings. -
The Place of Indra in Early Buddhism
The Place of Indra in Early Buddhism Prefatory Note: HE scope of the following dissertation is a detailed study of the mytho- logical concept of Sakka as found in Early Buddhism. The historical T evolution of this concept from that of Indra of the Rg Veda and its development during the period of the compilation of the early Pali Canon are the two main points kept in view. The chief sources for the facts investigated and discussed have been the following: - Digha Nikaya Majjhima Nikaya AIiguttara Nikaya Samyutta Nikaya Dhammapada Suttanipata Theragatha Therigatha Udana j ataka Vinaya Pitaka (Mahavagga). The Commentaries have been drawn upon only when it was thought necessary to do so either for the purpose of elucidation or for comparison with the later trends of development. Among the authorities consulted on the origin and development of the concept of Indra in Vedic Mythology special mention must be made of the authoritative treatises of Macdonell, Keith and Mackenzie. On the development of the Buddhist concept of Sakka the important contribu- tions of Professor and Mrs. Rhys Davids have been given special consideration although the main thesis put forward herein runs counter to their conclusions. Other authors consulted have been listed in the bibliography. List of Abbreviations. AB. Aitareya Brahrnana AV. Atharva Veda B.C. Before Christ Brhad. Up. Brhad :Ara':lyaka Upanisad Ch. up. Chandogya Upanisad cpo Compare Dial. Dialogues of the Buddha EB. The Ethics of Buddhism j. feminine f.n. footnote ib .• ibid. ibidem-in the same book ss«: Up. Kausitakl Upanisad lac. cit. loco citato--in the passage already quoted UNIVERSITY OF CEYLON REVIEW Mtu. -
Chapter Five Reassessing the Wall
CHA pt ER FIVE re a ss e ss i n g T h e wa l l Pa i n T i n g S o f hō r y ū j i do r o T h y c. wo n g Perhaps no other Japanese painting or set of paintings has received as much scholarly attention as the wall murals of the Kondō (Main Hall or Golden Hall) of Hōryūji.1 Created at a time when Japan was actively import- ing and assimilating the continental culture of Tang China, the murals show a complex program as well as an eclectic mix of artistic styles that include elements of Indian, Central Asian, and Tang Chinese conventions. For more than a century, there have been periodic intense debates about the iconogra- phy, dating, and style of the murals. For research carried out before World War II, none surpassed the comprehensiveness of Naitō Tōichirō’s 內藤藤 一郎 1932 work, made available to the English reader through the transla- tion by William R. B. Acker and Benjamin Rowland, Jr. (1943). Scholars generally agree that the wall paintings in the Kondō were completed about the same time the reconstruction of the temple was finished, which would give an approximate date of 690 to 710 (see section on dating). In 1949, a tragic fire destroyed or defaced most of the murals, but photo- graphs taken before the fire allow for detailed examination.2 This tragic fire sparked further interest, so that some of the research conducted by Japanese scholars immediately before and after the war and the fire was introduced in Western journals by Dietrich Seckel (1949a, 1949b) and Alexander C. -
Reading the History of a Tibetan Mahakala Painting: the Nyingma Chod Mandala of Legs Ldan Nagpo Aghora in the Roy Al Ontario Museum
READING THE HISTORY OF A TIBETAN MAHAKALA PAINTING: THE NYINGMA CHOD MANDALA OF LEGS LDAN NAGPO AGHORA IN THE ROY AL ONTARIO MUSEUM A Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Sarah Aoife Richardson, B.A. ***** The Ohio State University 2006 Master's Examination Committee: Dr. John C. Huntington edby Dr. Susan Huntington dvisor Graduate Program in History of Art ABSTRACT This thesis presents a detailed study of a large Tibetan painting in the Royal Ontario Museum (ROM) that was collected in 1921 by an Irish fur trader named George Crofts. The painting represents a mandala, a Buddhist meditational diagram, centered on a fierce protector, or dharmapala, known as Mahakala or “Great Black Time” in Sanskrit. The more specific Tibetan form depicted, called Legs Idan Nagpo Aghora, or the “Excellent Black One who is Not Terrible,” is ironically named since the deity is himself very wrathful, as indicated by his bared fangs, bulging red eyes, and flaming hair. His surrounding mandala includes over 100 subsidiary figures, many of whom are indeed as terrifying in appearance as the central figure. There are three primary parts to this study. First, I discuss how the painting came to be in the museum, including the roles played by George Croft s, the collector and Charles Trick Currelly, the museum’s director, and the historical, political, and economic factors that brought about the ROM Himalayan collection. Through this historical focus, it can be seen that the painting is in fact part of a fascinating museological story, revealing details of the formation of the museum’s Asian collections during the tumultuous early Republican era in China. -
Introduction to Buddhism Course Materials
INTRODUCTION TO BUDDHISM Readings and Materials Tushita Meditation Centre Dharamsala, India Tushita Meditation Centre is a member of the FPMT (Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition), an international network of more than 150 meditation centers and social service projects in over 40 countries under the spiritual guidance of Lama Zopa Rinpoche. More information about the FPMT can be found at: www.fpmt.org CARE OF DHARMA MATERIALS This booklet contains Dharma (teachings of the Buddha). All written materials containing Dharma teachings should be handled with respect as they contain the tools that lead to freedom and enlightenment. They should never be stepped over or placed directly on the floor or seat (where you sit or walk); a nice cloth or text table should be placed underneath them. It is best to keep all Dharma texts in a high clean place. They should be placed on the uppermost shelf of your bookcase or altar. Other objects, food, or even one’s mala should not be placed on top of Dharma texts. When traveling, Dharma texts should be packed in a way that they will not be damaged, and it is best if they are wrapped in a cloth or special Dharma book bag (available in Tushita’s library). PREPARATION OF THIS BOOKLET The material in this booklet was compiled using the ―Introductory Course Readings and Materials‖ booklet prepared by Ven. Sangye Khadro for introductory courses at Tushita, and includes several extensive excerpts from her book, How to Meditate. Ven. Tenzin Chogkyi made extensive additions and changes to this introductory course material in November 2008, while further material was added and some alterations made by Glen Svensson in July 2011, for this version. -
Samsara and the Organization Murray Hunter University Malaysia Perlis
Samsara and the Organization Murray Hunter University Malaysia Perlis A person’s perception continually ebbs and flows on a daily basis with changes in intelligence, knowledge and understanding, based on the type of emotions one feels and their individual strength, pull and intensity. This process makes a person happy, sad, excited, hesitant or anxious about people, things and events around them. One may feel angry, greedy, jealous, trusting, lustful, and confused all in one day. More often than not, we are not aware of the influence of our feelings upon how we perceive things and behave, as this process is partly sub-conscious (Tashi Tsering 2006). Feeling is what drives a person, whether it is to seek shelter and food, clothing and medical care, love and sex, career and comfort, etc. According to Buddhist Dharma (theology), desire is a major part of our motivation and psych. Within the Abhidhamma Pitaka, the last of three parts to the Pali Cannon (the scriptures of Theravãda Buddhism) are a number of texts concerning psychology, philosophy and metaphysics. The Abhidhamma Pitaka describes the structure of the human mind and perception with amazing accuracy to the accepted views of modern neuro-science. The mind is described as a continual conscious process or experience in the metaphor of a „mindstream‟ (something similar to phenomenological psychology)1. Buddhism sees mankind living in a deluded reality caused by infatuation, attachment2 and clinging to desire for objects and permanence in the world as the source of all suffering. The pathway to wisdom3 is found through understanding „The Four Noble Truths‟4 and practice of the ‘Eightfold Path‟5.