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Game Changer
Matthew Sadler and Natasha Regan Game Changer AlphaZero’s Groundbreaking Chess Strategies and the Promise of AI New In Chess 2019 Contents Explanation of symbols 6 Foreword by Garry Kasparov �������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 7 Introduction by Demis Hassabis 11 Preface 16 Introduction ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 19 Part I AlphaZero’s history . 23 Chapter 1 A quick tour of computer chess competition 24 Chapter 2 ZeroZeroZero ������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 33 Chapter 3 Demis Hassabis, DeepMind and AI 54 Part II Inside the box . 67 Chapter 4 How AlphaZero thinks 68 Chapter 5 AlphaZero’s style – meeting in the middle 87 Part III Themes in AlphaZero’s play . 131 Chapter 6 Introduction to our selected AlphaZero themes 132 Chapter 7 Piece mobility: outposts 137 Chapter 8 Piece mobility: activity 168 Chapter 9 Attacking the king: the march of the rook’s pawn 208 Chapter 10 Attacking the king: colour complexes 235 Chapter 11 Attacking the king: sacrifices for time, space and damage 276 Chapter 12 Attacking the king: opposite-side castling 299 Chapter 13 Attacking the king: defence 321 Part IV AlphaZero’s -
Games Ancient and Oriental and How to Play Them, Being the Games Of
CO CD CO GAMES ANCIENT AND ORIENTAL AND HOW TO PLAY THEM. BEING THE GAMES OF THE ANCIENT EGYPTIANS THE HIERA GRAMME OF THE GREEKS, THE LUDUS LATKUNCULOKUM OF THE ROMANS AND THE ORIENTAL GAMES OF CHESS, DRAUGHTS, BACKGAMMON AND MAGIC SQUAEES. EDWARD FALKENER. LONDON: LONGMANS, GEEEN AND Co. AND NEW YORK: 15, EAST 16"' STREET. 1892. All rights referred. CONTENTS. I. INTRODUCTION. PAGE, II. THE GAMES OF THE ANCIENT EGYPTIANS. 9 Dr. Birch's Researches on the games of Ancient Egypt III. Queen Hatasu's Draught-board and men, now in the British Museum 22 IV. The of or the of afterwards game Tau, game Robbers ; played and called by the same name, Ludus Latrunculorum, by the Romans - - 37 V. The of Senat still the modern and game ; played by Egyptians, called by them Seega 63 VI. The of Han The of the Bowl 83 game ; game VII. The of the Sacred the Hiera of the Greeks 91 game Way ; Gramme VIII. Tlie game of Atep; still played by Italians, and by them called Mora - 103 CHESS. IX. Chess Notation A new system of - - 116 X. Chaturanga. Indian Chess - 119 Alberuni's description of - 139 XI. Chinese Chess - - - 143 XII. Japanese Chess - - 155 XIII. Burmese Chess - - 177 XIV. Siamese Chess - 191 XV. Turkish Chess - 196 XVI. Tamerlane's Chess - - 197 XVII. Game of the Maharajah and the Sepoys - - 217 XVIII. Double Chess - 225 XIX. Chess Problems - - 229 DRAUGHTS. XX. Draughts .... 235 XX [. Polish Draughts - 236 XXI f. Turkish Draughts ..... 037 XXIII. }\'ci-K'i and Go . The Chinese and Japanese game of Enclosing 239 v. -
(2021), 2814-2819 Research Article Can Chess Ever Be Solved Na
Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education Vol.12 No.2 (2021), 2814-2819 Research Article Can Chess Ever Be Solved Naveen Kumar1, Bhayaa Sharma2 1,2Department of Mathematics, University Institute of Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab-140413, India [email protected], [email protected] Article History: Received: 11 January 2021; Accepted: 27 February 2021; Published online: 5 April 2021 Abstract: Data Science and Artificial Intelligence have been all over the world lately,in almost every possible field be it finance,education,entertainment,healthcare,astronomy, astrology, and many more sports is no exception. With so much data, statistics, and analysis available in this particular field, when everything is being recorded it has become easier for team selectors, broadcasters, audience, sponsors, most importantly for players themselves to prepare against various opponents. Even the analysis has improved over the period of time with the evolvement of AI, not only analysis one can even predict the things with the insights available. This is not even restricted to this,nowadays players are trained in such a manner that they are capable of taking the most feasible and rational decisions in any given situation. Chess is one of those sports that depend on calculations, algorithms, analysis, decisions etc. Being said that whenever the analysis is involved, we have always improvised on the techniques. Algorithms are somethingwhich can be solved with the help of various software, does that imply that chess can be fully solved,in simple words does that mean that if both the players play the best moves respectively then the game must end in a draw or does that mean that white wins having the first move advantage. -
The 17Th Top Chess Engine Championship: TCEC17
The 17th Top Chess Engine Championship: TCEC17 Guy Haworth1 and Nelson Hernandez Reading, UK and Maryland, USA TCEC Season 17 started on January 1st, 2020 with a radically new structure: classic ‘CPU’ engines with ‘Shannon AB’ ancestry and ‘GPU, neural network’ engines had their separate parallel routes to an enlarged Premier Division and the Superfinal. Figs. 1 and 3 and Table 1 provide the logos and details on the field of 40 engines. L1 L2{ QL Fig. 1. The logos for the engines originally in the Qualification League and Leagues 1 and 2. Through the generous sponsorship of ‘noobpwnftw’, TCEC benefitted from a significant platform upgrade. On the CPU side, 4x Intel (2016) Xeon 4xE5-4669v4 processors enabled 176 threads rather than the previous 43 and the Syzygy ‘EGT’ endgame tables were promoted from SSD to 1TB RAM. The previous Windows Server 2012 R2 operating system was replaced by CentOS Linux release 7.7.1908 (Core) as the latter eased the administrators’ tasks and enabled more nodes/sec in the engine- searches. The move to Linux challenged a number of engine authors who we hope will be back in TCEC18. 1 Corresponding author: [email protected] Table 1. The TCEC17 engines (CPW, 2020). Engine Initial CPU proto- Hash # EGTs Authors Final Tier ab Name Version Elo Tier thr. col Kb 01 AS AllieStein v0.5_timefix-n14.0 3936 P ? uci — Syz. Adam Treat and Mark Jordan → P 02 An Andscacs 0.95123 3750 1 176 uci 8,192 — Daniel José Queraltó → 1 03 Ar Arasan 22.0_f928f5c 3728 1 176 uci 16,384 Syz. -
The 19Th Top Chess Engine Championship: TCEC19
The 19th Top Chess Engine Championship: TCEC19 Guy Haworth1 and Nelson Hernandez Reading, UK and Maryland, USA After some intriguing bonus matches in TCEC Season 18, the TCEC Season 19 Championship started on August 6th, 2020 (Haworth and Hernandez, 2020a/b; TCEC, 2020a/b). The league structure was unaltered except that the Qualification League was extended to 12 engines at the last moment. There were two promotions and demotions throughout. A key question was whether or not the much discussed NNUE, easily updated neural network, technology (Cong, 2020) would make an appearance as part of a new STOCKFISH version. This would, after all, be a radical change to the architecture of the most successful TCEC Grand Champion of all. L2 L3 QL{ Fig. 1. The logos for the engines originally in the Qualification League and in Leagues 3 and 2. The platform for the ‘Shannon AB’ engines was as for TCEC18, courtesy of ‘noobpwnftw’, the major sponsor, four Intel (2016) Xeon E5-4669v4 processors: LINUX, 88 cores, 176 process threads and 128GiB of RAM with the sub-7-man Syzygy ‘EGT’ endgame tables in their own 1TB RAM. The TCEC GPU server was a 2.5GHz Intel Xeon Platinum 8163 CPU providing 32 threads, 48GiB of RAM and four Nvidia (2019) V100 GPUs. It is not clear how many CPU threads each NN-engine used. The ‘EGT’ platform was less than on the CPU side: 500 GB of SSD fronted by a 128GiB RAM buffer. 1 Corresponding author: [email protected] Table 1. The TCEC19 engines (CPW, 2020). -
Inventaire Des Jeux Combinatoires Abstraits
INVENTAIRE DES JEUX COMBINATOIRES ABSTRAITS Ici vous trouverez une liste incomplète des jeux combinatoires abstraits qui sera en perpétuelle évolution. Ils sont classés par ordre alphabétique. Vous avez accès aux règles en cliquant sur leurs noms, si celles-ci sont disponibles. Elles sont parfois en anglais faute de les avoir trouvées en français. Si un jeu vous intéresse, j'ai ajouté une colonne « JOUER EN LIGNE » où le lien vous redirigera vers le site qui me semble le plus fréquenté pour y jouer contre d'autres joueurs. J'ai remarqué 7 catégories de ces jeux selon leur but du jeu respectif. Elles sont décrites ci-dessous et sont précisées pour chaque jeu. Ces catégories sont directement inspirées du livre « Le livre des jeux de pions » de Michel Boutin. Si vous avez des remarques à me faire sur des jeux que j'aurai oubliés ou une mauvaise classification de certains, contactez-moi via mon blog (http://www.papatilleul.fr/). La définition des jeux combinatoires abstraits est disponible ICI. Si certains ne répondent pas à cette définition, merci de me prévenir également. LES CATÉGORIES CAPTURE : Le but du jeu est de capturer ou de bloquer un ou plusieurs pions en particulier. Cette catégorie se caractérise souvent par une hiérarchie entre les pièces. Chacune d'elle a une force et une valeur matérielle propre, résultantes de leur capacité de déplacement. ELIMINATION : Le but est de capturer tous les pions de son adversaire ou un certain nombre. Parfois, il faut capturer ses propres pions. BLOCAGE : Il faut bloquer son adversaire. Autrement dit, si un joueur n'a plus de coup possible à son tour, il perd la partie. -
Nieuwsbrief Schaakacademie Apeldoorn 93 – 7 Februari 2019
Nieuwsbrief Schaakacademie Apeldoorn 93 – 7 februari 2019 De nieuwsbrief bevat berichten over Schaakacademie Apeldoorn en divers schaaknieuws. Redactie: Karel van Delft. Nieuwsbrieven staan op www.schaakacademieapeldoorn.nl. Mail [email protected] voor contact, nieuwstips alsook aan- en afmelden voor de nieuwsbrief. IM Max Warmerdam (rechts) winnaar toptienkamp Tata. Naast hem IM Robby Kevlishvili en IM Thomas Beerdsen. Inhoud - 93e nieuwsbrief Schaakacademie Apeldoorn - Les- en trainingsaanbod Schaakacademie Apeldoorn - Schaakschool Het Bolwerk: onthouden met je lichaam - Schoolschaaklessen: proeflessen op diverse scholen - Apeldoornse scholencompetitie met IM’s Beerdsen en Van Delft als wedstrijdleider - Gratis download boekje ‘Ik leer schaken’ - ABKS organisatie verwacht 45 teams - Schaakles senioren in het Bolwerk: uitleg gameviewer Chessbase - Max Warmerdam wint toptienkamp Tata Steel Chess Tournament - Gratis publiciteit schaken - Scholen presenteren zich via site Jeugdschaak - Leela Chess Zero wint 2e TCEC Cup - Kunnen schakende computers ook leren? - Quote Isaac Newton: Een goede vraag is het halve antwoord - Divers nieuws - Trainingsmateriaal - Kalender en sites 93e nieuwsbrief Schaakacademie Apeldoorn Deze gratis nieuwsbrief bevat berichten over Schaakacademie Apeldoorn, Apeldoorns schaaknieuws en divers schaaknieuws. Nieuws van buiten Apeldoorn betreft vooral schaakeducatieve en psychologische onderwerpen. De nieuwsbrieven staan op www.schaakacademieapeldoorn.nl. Wie zich aanmeldt als abonnee (via [email protected]) krijgt mails met een link naar de meest recente nieuwsbrief. Diverse lezers leverden een bijdrage aan deze nieuwsbrief. Tips en bijdragen zijn welkom. Er zijn nu 340 e-mail abonnees en enkele duizenden contacten via social media. Een link staat in de Facebook groep Schaakpsychologie (513 leden) en op de FB pagina van Schaakacademie Apeldoorn. Ook delen clubs (Schaakstad Apeldoorn) en schakers de link naar de nieuwsbrieven op hun site en via social media. -
Mémoire De Master
République Algérienne Démocratique et Populaire Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique Université Mouloud Mammeri de Tizi-Ouzou Faculté de : Génie électrique et d'informatique Département : Informatique Mémoire de fin d’études En vue de l’obtention du diplôme de Master en Informatique Spécialité : Systèmes Informatiques Réalisé et présenté par : MEHALLI Nassim Sujet : Mise en œuvre de l’apprentissage automatique pour l’évaluation des positions échiquéennes Proposé et dirigé par : SADI Samy Soutenu le 11 juillet 2019 devant le jury composé de: Mr. RAMDANI Mohammed Président du Jury Mlle. YASLI Yasmine Membre du Jury Mr. SADI Samy Directeur de mémoire Dédicaces Je dédie ce travail à mes chers parents qui ne cessent de me donner l’amour nécessaire pour que je puisse arriver à ce que je suis aujourd’hui. Que dieux vous protège et que la réussite soit toujours à ma portée pour que je puisse vous combler de bonheur et d’argent le jour où je serai milliardaire. Je dédie aussi ce modèste travail À mes chers oncles Omar et Mahdi À mon frère et ma sœur À Mima ma meilleure À Sousou et mon meilleur ami Mamed À Racim et Milou À Ine Boula3rass À Smail Remerciements Je remercie Allah de m’avoir donné le courage et la force afin d’accomplir ce modeste projet. Je remercie mon encadreur, monsieur Sadi, pour tout ce qu’il m’a appris dans le monde de l’intelligence artificielle ainsi que toutes ses remarques pertinentes. Je remercie l'ensemble des membres du jury, qui m'ont fait l'honneur de bien vouloir étudier avec attention mon travail. -
HONOR PRIZE PROBLEM MARCH, 1937 MONTHLY 30 Cts
HONOR PRIZE PROBLEM VINCENT L. EATON, Alexandria, Va. , WHITE MATES IN THREE MOVES The OFFICIAL ORGAN of the AMERICAN CHESS FEDERATION THE MANHATTAN C. C. CHAMPIONSHIP A CHESSPLA YER TURNS EXPLORER ______ _.., ___ ___ __-.; __; ,; ____ LAJOS STEINER ADDENDA TO GRIFFITH AND WHITE _______ _____ ___________ FRED REINFELD ON CHANGING THE RULES OF THE GAME __ ___ -' _____ BARNIE F. WINKELMAN PLACHUTTA INTERFERENCE IN THE ENDGAME _______________TH. C. L. KOK CURIOUS CHESS FACTS __ __________________________________ IRVING CHERNEV MARCH, 1937 MONTHLY 30 cts, ANNUALLY $3,0() (Abroad 15,,) The Manhattan c.c. Championship Tieu (I'om practicall y the vCl'y insta nt of 13 I'xl' 0·0 tht'ir advent in the traditionally s trong: com '" 1'-115 •... petition of the Manhattan Chcs.'1 Club's annual --" F orcing .. BxKt after which Black experi· championship toul'nament, 1. Kas hdan and A. ences diff iculties anew through weak black C. Simonson fought their way through to tln ~qu ar{'~. The ~tage is ncarly set for the is h at the top-still deadlocked-a convincing bishops to dominate the board. 2!h point!! ahead of Il. Willman, who took 14 . BxKt third I)I'he. 1!l PxU Kt·B3 '''ill man, a former champiOIl, had been in 16 Q-Kt3ch .•. front of the fie ld in the early rounds, but sub Black must not be permitted .. B·Kf! sequently suffered losses to the two ultimate 16 . K·RI leaders who, both entering father late, played 17 B·Kt3 Q·Q1 out t he schedu le without a defeat. -
22), 45.33E Sissyste
US006336632B1 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,336,632 B1 London (45) Date of Patent: Jan. 8, 2002 (54) GAME SET, INCLUDING BOARD AND FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS CHESSMEN AND RELATED METHODS AND PRODUCTS GB 22O1351 9/1988 ................. 273/261 OTHER PUBLICATIONS (76) Inventor: Alexander London, 8.158 Avenida Navidad, No. 23, San Diego, CA (US) “Double Chess', Julian S. Grant Hayward, The Chess Vari 92122-4409 ant Pages, www.chessVariants.com, Sep. 1996.* “N by N chess games, A. Missoum, The Chess Variant Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this Pages, www.chessVariants.com, Apr. 1997.* patent is extended or adjusted under 35 “Euchess', Carlos Cetina, The Chess Variant Pages, U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. www.chess variants.com, Dec. 1998.* (21) Appl. No.: 09/542,407 * cited by examiner (22) Filed: Apr. 4, 2000 Primary Examiner Benjamin H. Layno (51) Int. Cl.................................................... A63F 3/02 (57) ABSTRACT (52) U.S. Cl. ....................................................... 273/261 The present invention relates generally to a new game, (58) Field of Search .................................. 273/261,260 termed “Next Chess” (and related products and methods) Next Chess is played on a board Similar to a conventional (56) References Cited chess board, but instead being 10 files wide and 8 ranks U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS deep. Notation is like a Standard algebraic chessboard, with two files added between the d file and the e file. The new files 4,033,586 A 7/1977 Carinthios preferably are designated y and Z. The files a through d, and 4,856,789 A : 8/1989 Carlson - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 273/261 e through h have the traditional pieces and Pawns placed on 5,280.913 A 1/1994 Sirk .......................... -
Regular Boardgames
Regular Boardgames Jakub Kowalski, Maksymilian Mika, Jakub Sutowicz, Marek Szykuła Institute of Computer Science, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract The key of every GGP approach is a well-defined domain of games (problems) that programsare trying to play (solve). We propose a new General Game Playing (GGP) language Such a class of games should be properly formalized, so the called Regular Boardgames (RBG), which is based on the language used to encode game rules will be sound. For prac- theory of regular languages. The objective of RBG is to join tical reasons, the language should be both easy to process key properties as expressiveness, efficiency, and naturalness of the description in one GGP formalism, compensating cer- by a computer and human-readable,so conciseness and sim- tain drawbacks of the existing languages. This often makes plicity are in demand. Finally, the defined domain has to be RBG more suitable for various research and practical de- broad enough to provide an appropriate level of challenge. velopments in GGP. While dedicated mostly for describing Existing languages. METAGAME is based on Dawson’s board games, RBG is universal for the class of all finite deter- Theory of Movements (Dickins 1971) that formalizes types ministic turn-based games with perfect information. We es- of piece behavior in chess-like games. It contains a large tablish foundations of RBG, and analyze it theoretically and number of predefined keywords describing allowed piece experimentally, focusing on the efficiency of reasoning. -
Chess Mag - 21 6 10 19/05/2020 13:11 Page 3
01-01 Cover_Layout 1 19/05/2020 14:27 Page 1 03-03 Contents_Chess mag - 21_6_10 19/05/2020 13:11 Page 3 Chess Contents Founding Editor: B.H. Wood, OBE. M.Sc † Executive Editor: Malcolm Pein Editorial....................................................................................................................4 Editors: Richard Palliser, Matt Read Malcolm Pein on the latest developments in the game Associate Editor: John Saunders Subscriptions Manager: Paul Harrington Chess Tops the Bill...............................................................................................8 Twitter: @CHESS_Magazine The Magnus Carlsen Invitational was timely - and proved a hit Twitter: @TelegraphChess - Malcolm Pein Website: www.chess.co.uk The End of an Era ..............................................................................................12 Glenn Flear reports from the World Senior Team Championship Subscription Rates: United Kingdom Candidates Chaos .............................................................................................18 1 year (12 issues) £49.95 There wasn’t just chaos at the halfway point, but on the board too 2 year (24 issues) £89.95 3 year (36 issues) £125 2700 or Bust?....................................................................................................24 Danny Gormally test runs David Howell’s new Ginger GM course Europe 1 year (12 issues) £60 How Good is Your Chess?..............................................................................26 2 year (24 issues) £112.50 Daniel King